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SMITHSONIAN INS Poe ELON 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MOE UME XOX 


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WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFI 
1906 


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— 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The publications of the National Museum consist of two series, 
Proceedings and Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was Issued in 1878, are 
intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers 
based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly 
acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- 
from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited 
groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to 
libraries and scientific establishments, and in view of the importance 
of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of 
each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at 
which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of 
contents of the volume. 

The present volume is the thirtieth of this series. 

The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of 
more elaborate papers, issued Separately, and, like the Proceedings, 
based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. 

A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘Special Bulletin,” has 
been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed 
indispensable. 

Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ** Contributions from 
the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botan- 
ical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. 

Ricnarp Ratupun, 
Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 


TIT 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


AsHMEAD, Wruitam H. Descriptions of New Hymenoptera 
Trom) apan.~—No,wt48: “May 1t, 19064 = See. 


New genera: Matsumuraius, Proterocryptus, Hemiephialtes, Nesopim- 
pla, Nawaia, Acanthormius. 

New species: Matsumuraius grandis, Exephanes koebelei, Stenicneu- 
mon sapporoensis, Melanichneumon japonicus, Rhexidermus japoni- 
cus, Phaeogenes japonicus, Bathymetis sapporoensis, Scinascopus 
japonicus, S. albomaculatus, Adiostola polita, Paraphylax albisca- 
pus, Hemiteles sapporoensis, Proterocryptus nawaii, Cryptus alberti, 
Mesostenus octocinctus, Pimplopterus japonicus, Megarhyssa jeponica, 
Hemiephialtes glyptus, Pimpla pluto, Apechthis orbitalis, A. sappo- 
roensis, Epiurus unnulitarsis, 2. hakonensis, E. persimilis, Nesopim- 
pla naranye, Theronia japonica, Odontomerus nikkoensis, Calliclisis 
incerta, Sychnoleter japonicus, Rhimphalea dubia, Asthenara rufo- 
cincta, Bassus japonicus, Syrphoctonus atamiensis, Exochus hako- 
nensis, Campoplex hakonensis, C. bicoloripes, Nawaia japonica, Teme- 
lucha japonica, Pristomerus chinensis, Ateleute pallidipes, Phenocarpa 
formosx, Kahlia secunda, Ephedrus japonicus, Aclitus nawaii, 
Aphidius gifuensis, A. japonicus, A. lachnivorus, A. areolatus, Lysi- 
phlebus japonicus, Meteorus japonicus, Macrocentrus gifuensis, Phane- 
rotoma flava, Ascogaster atamiensis, Glyptapanteles politus, G. ininor, 
G. femoratus, G. (Apanteles) japonicus, G. nawaii, Microplitis 
atamiensis, M. sapporoensis, Melanobracon tibialis, Macrodyctium 
flavipes, Chelonogastra koebelei, C. plewralis, Microbracon japellus, 
Zaglyptogastra abbottii, Xenobius albipes, Heterogamus fusciatipennis, 
HH. thoracicus, Rhogas fuscomaculatus, R. japonicus, Ischiogonus 
hakonensis, Chremylus japonicus, Acanthormius japonicus. 


Banta, ARTHUR M.,and Waxtpo L. McArTer. The Life His- 
tory of the Cave Salamander, Spelerpes Maculicaudus 
Wage) Nor 14482" April. 2.19064)... le 8 

Bartscu, Pauu. Descriptions of Two New Naiads.—No. 
ee remmeranmOn OMG eke te: we Oy lug ete Se 


New species: Nephronaias flucki, Diplodon huapensis. 


=a occ under Dall, William Healey _:.....---.-...- 
Basster, Ray 8S. A Study of the James Types of Ordovi iclan 
and Silurian Bryozoa,—No. 1442. April 2,1906¢___.__-_- 


393-395 


321-369 


« Date of publication. 


Vv 


Vil TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


BassteR, Ray 8. See under Ulrich, Edward O-. ---.------ 
Bruner, LAwrENCE. Synoptic List of Paragnayan <Acri- 
did, or Locusts, with Descriptions of New Forms.—No, 
14620 J uneid 219068 oe ee 


New genera: Amblyscapheus, Meloscirtus, Orthoscapheus, Omalotettix, 
Leiotettix, Eurotettix. 

New species: Apotettiv bruneri, Batrachidea notata, Hyalopteryx lamel- 
lipes, IT. specularis, Orphulella obscura, Amblytropidia robusta, Ambly- 
scapheus lineatus, Meloscirtus australis, Munatia australis, Tropinotus 
mexicanus, T. affinis, T. lineatus, Alcamenes cristatus, Zoniopoda 
similis, Z. fissicauda, Z. exilipes, Diponthus paraguayensis, Leptysma 
argentina, L. gracilis, Arnilia coccineipes, Inusia pallida, Paracornops 
paraguayense, P. aquaticum, P. politum, Bucephalacris paraguayen- 
sis, Aleuas brachypterus, Paraleuas fosteri, P. punctipennis, P. minor, 
Orthoscapheus roseipennis, Omalotettix signatipes, Dichroplus robustus, 
D. paraguayensis, D. dubius, D. brasiliensis, D. cinctipes, Leiotettix 
viridis, L. punctipes, L. sanguineus, L. flavipes, Scotussa rubripes, S. 
brasiliensis, Chlorus vittatus, Eurotettia femoratus, E. minor. 

New name: Parascopas. 

Buscx, Aucusr. A Review of the American Moths of the 
Genus Cosmopteryx Hiibner.—No. 1463. June 4, 1906¢_- 

New species: Cosmopterpx clandestineila, 

—. Tineid Moths from Southern Texas, with Descrip- 
tions of New Species. —No. 1465. June 4, 1906¢._____-- 

New genera: Numata, Untomia, Euprora. 

Newspecies: Telphusa acaciella, Agnippe evippeella, Numata bipunctella, 
Evippe pollostella, Recurvaria elachistella, Phthorimxa minor, Untomia 
untomiella, Tamarrha bittenella, Mompha punctiferella, Gracilaria 
(Dialectica) gunniella, Coriscium texanella, Euprora argentiliniella, 

CAUDELL, ANDREW Netson. The Locustide and Gryllidee 
(Katydids and Crickets) collected by W. T. Foster in Para- 
guay.—No. 1450. April 21, 19064 


New genus: Niphelimum. 


New species: Homatoicha fuscopunctata, Ceraia similis, C. cornutoides, 
Phulloptera alliedea, P. fosteri, Turpilia subinermis, Xiphelimum 
amplipennis, Xiphidium strictoides. 


Cuark, H. Watton. See under EVERMANN, BARTON W...-- 
Dati, WitiiamM Hearey, and Paut Bartsca. Notes on 


Japanese, Indopacitic, and American Pyramidellidee—No. 
ioe.) Maye), 19064 
New subgenus: Nisiturris, Babella, Egilina. 
New species: Pyramidella ( Tiberia) japonica, P.( Actweopyramis ) digita- 
lis, P. (Iphiana) lischkei, Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) abseida, T. (C.) 
approximata, T. (C.) infantula, T. (C.) actopora, T. (C.) acosmia, 
T. ( Nisiturris) crystallina, T. (Lancella) bella, Odostomia ( Parthe- 
nina) meta, O. (Chrysallida) dua, O. (Pyrgulina) lecta, O. ( Odetta) 
lectissima, O. (O.) felix, O. ( Evalea) culta, O. (Odostomia) mauriti- 
ana, O. (O.) limpida. 


« Date of publication. 


Page. 


149-164 


613-694 


TO7-713 


235-244 


851-855 


321-369 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII 


Page. 
New subspecies: Pyramidella ( Tiberia) pusilla jacksonensis, Turbonilla 


( Cingulina) cingulata laticingula, Odostomia ( Pyrgulina ) densecostata 
upoluensis. 

New names: Pyramidella (Pharcidella) moffati, P. (Tiberia) dunkeri, 
Turbinilla (Chemnitzia) garrettiana, T. (Pyrgisculus) candidissima, 
T. (Mormula) aulica, T. (Lancella) peasei, T. ( Babella) cexlatior, 
Odostomia ( Menestho) exaratissima, O. (Amaura) martensi, O. (Odos- 
tomia) desimana. 


Evermann, Barton W., and H. Wawron Crark. New 
fishes from Santo Domingo.—No. 1478. June 27, 1906¢__ 851-855 


New species: Platypecilus perugix, P. dominicensis, Sicydium buscki. 
GripLeY, JAMES WiutuiaAms. A New Ruminant from the Pleis- 
tocene of New Mexico.—No. 1447. April 4, 1906¢______- 165-167 
New genus: Liops. 
New species: Liops zuniensis. 
GitmMorkr, CHARLES W. Notes on Some Recent Additions to 
the Exhibition Series of Vertebrate Fossils.—No. 1460. 


2A eile DAULG Go PE  eatt oiey ae et eo 607-611 
Hrepuicka, Aes. Brains and Brain Preservatives.—No. 
TAU SS TEI Sirs BO oO Ge Ale oa 245-320 


JORDAN, Davip Starr. A Review of the Sand Lances or 
Ammodytide of the Waters of Japan.—No. 1464. June 4, 


Pi Cee ae eee se er Ree ese ELD eS 
seh ALVIN SEALE. Deseriptions of Six New Species 
of Fishes from Japan.—No. 1445. April 4, 1906¢ _____. 143-148 


New genus: Sayonara. 
New species: Phoxinus. septentrionalis, Rhodeus oryzex, Sayonara sat- 
sume, Stelgistrum mororane, Rhinogobius nagoyx, Calitonymus kita- 
hare. 
—+—— and JoHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER. A Synopsis of the 
Sturgeons (Acipenseride) of Japan.—No. 1455. May 9, 
eT rine Mee aguate tae Se a whee ee ene eek SS BX ia 397-3898 
—. Ona Species of Loach; Misgurnus Decem- 
cirrosus (Basilewsky) from Northern China.—No. 1474. 
-LPTETIE US LTT GN roe ae pa aaa pe RE ROR Cae 61319 2 of) 
The Givat Bass of Japan Sng, 1476. ae 
che PSUS Ue SS UE Se aap Nae 8 NS aa ae es ee 841-845 


and Epwry Carry Starks. List of Fishes Collected 
on Tanega and Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern Japan, 
by Robert Van Vieck Anderson, with Descriptions of Seven 
New Specieg —No. 1462.. June 4, 1906¢_._.-...---.--.. 695-706 
New species: Corythroichthys tanake, Atherina morrisi, Cristiceps flam- 
meus, Blenntus ellipes, Salarias andersoni, S. tanegasime, Petroscir- 
les loxozonus. 


aDate of publication. 


VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


JORDAN, Davip Starr, and RICHARD CRITTENDEN MCGREGOR. 
Description of a New Species of Threadfin (Family Poly- 
nemide) from Japan.—No. 1470. June 4, 19064 ______-- 


New species: Polydactylus agonast. 


Martruew, WituiAM Dinter. The Osteology of Sinopa, A 
Creodont Mammal of the Middle Eocene.—No. 1449. May 
pS al S10 Ree’ ee eens Lo AE RTS 2 A 


New genus: T'ritemnodon. 
New species: Sinopa grangeri. 
McArTrEE, Watpo L. See under Banta, ARTHUR M..-.. ---- 
McGrecor, RicHarp CRITTENDEN. Sve under JORDAN, 
DA Van STAR 25.5. SoS as eee oe fe eee res eee oe 
Miuter, Gerrit §., Jr. Notes on Malayan Pigs.—No. 
14-662 = Tome 1S, AGS oe Se hae et eee a Sor 
New species: Sus gargantua, S. jubatus, S. jubatulus, S. rhionis, S. 
peninsularis, S. niadensis, S. babi, S. mimus. 
. The Mammals of Engano Island, West Sumatra.— 
No: 1472.7 June: 4.71906 @2 | oe ee ee ee ee eee 
New species: Mus enganus, Pteropus enganus, Kerivoula engana. 
OBERHOLSER, Harry ©. Notes on Birds from German and 
British East Africa.—No. 1469. June 4, 1906¢_____.__-- 


New subspecies: Pomatorhynchus senegalus armenus. 


Renn, James A. G. Descriptions of Three New Species of 
Katydids and a New Genus of Crickets from Costa Rica. 


oe) No. 1459: Mane 24, 1906 7 epee 


New genus: Symphyloxiphus. 
New species: Turpilia grandis, Ischnomela pulchripennis, Mimetica 
crenulata, Symphyloxiphus magnificum. 


———. Notes on South American Grasshoppers of the Sub- 
family Acridine (Acridide), with Descriptions of New 
Genera and Species.—No. 1453. May 9, 19064 


New genus: Borellia, Stereotettia. i 
New Species: Amblytropidia chapadensis, Cocytotettix linearis, Stauror- 
hectus brevipennis, Borellia carinata, Stereotettic paralogistes, Scyllina 
uniformis, S. suffusa, S. smithi, S. schistocercoides, Stirapleura 
brunnea. ‘ 
New subspecies: Staurorhectus longicornis variegatus. 
Scuaus, WiiuraAmM. Descriptions of New South American 
Moths.—No. 1444. April 2, 1906¢ - : 
New genera: Mantruda, Makapta, Kohlera, Carbona, Phibromia, 


Schazama, Corubia, Caroga, Peteroma, Batyma, Islea, Coscaga, Oca- 
laria, HTyponeuma. 


« Date of publication. 


Page. 


813-815 


203-233 


67-83 


813-815 


737-158 


81 


9-8 


bo 
Or 


801-811 


597-605 


37 


1-391 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


New species: Arsenura biundulata, A. drucei, A. thomsoni, A. samba, 
Automeris meridana, A. vomona, A. annulata, A. innoxia, A. pom- 
ifera, A. jucundoides, A. hamata, A. moresca, A. parilis, A. orodina, 
A. curvilinea, Phricodia baroma, Copaxa rufinans, C. marona, C. 
lineata, Hylesia terranea, Caviria vestalis, Eloria cubana, EH. aroensis, 
E. serena, Doa cubana, Mantruda erratica, Phecada joanna, Car- 
thara roseilinea, C. umbrata, Lauron albiplaga, Eriopyga griseirena, 
Nylinissa lignitis, Eudipna templada, Nenia randa, N. sabrella, 
Ingura sabulosa, Makapta carnescens, Kohlera nebula, K. bruma, 
Perigea charada, P. cenola, P. secorva, Nonagria inferna, Hadena 
jonea, Carbona obscura, Oligia fuscoma, Semiophora bastula, 8. 
punctula, Eustrotia geoga, Iscadia nigra, I. duckinfieldia, I. stroca, 
Teeniocampa naolina, Cophanta chrysarginea, Plusia caudata, Acan- 
thodica pamela, Trileuca ochracea, Phibromia narecta, Rhaesena 
jalapena, R. nezeila, R. rubromarginata, Phiprosopus hypenoides, 
Casandria chirica, Schazama angustipennis, Corubia testacea, Dory- 
odes elongata, Caroga costalis, Phochlena cuprea, Palindia argenti- 
linea, Gonodonta marmorata, Homopyralis picta, H. pandama, 
Matigramma pamela, Amphigoniabrunnea, Peteroma lignea, Capnodes 
virginia, Triommatodes angulata, Bendis mascara, B. thara, Cha- 
mina choria, Orthogramma ferogia, O. hermesia, Coenipeta glaucoides, 
CO. laurena, C. medalba, C. umbrata, C. musa, C. suborellata, C. sub- 
varia, C. albidentina, Tyrissa carola, Sorygaza acutalis, Neoherminia 
chisena, Bleptina candalis, B. clara, B. margotalis, Tortricodes pau- 
lensis, T. dulcena, Megachyta nolualis, M. sabularea, Rhosologia pal- 
lida, Adrocampa atomosa, Aristaria orizabalis, A. picatalis, A. 
trinitalis, A. conspicua, A. bocantis, A. ricalis, A aztecalis, A. stolalis, 
Renia ordenalis, R. cacalis, R. bipunctalis, Palthis gnoma, P. bertha- 
lis, P. calealis, Mastigophorus pandes, M. lineata, Batyma onesalis, 
B. francalis, Ilsea bormia, Coscaga angulata, Ocalaria guarana, Nice- 
tas paulosa, Hyponeumu leucanioides, Hypena oronalis, Argyractis 
cineralis, A. guadarensis, A. herminalis, A. jalapalis, A. cyloialis, 
A. sinitalis, Cataclysta jaliscalis, C. orizabalis, C. scaralis, Oligo- 
stigma ducalis, Cymoriza paroalis, C. jonesalis, Paraponyx dianalis, 
P. paulalis, Aulacodes moralis, A. templalis, A. confusalis, A pampa- 
lis, Nymphula franciscalis, Parthenodes berthalis, Macalla paranensis, 
M. albescens, Jocara apicalis, Deuterollyta pagiroa, Pyralis garalis. 


ScHucHERT, CHARLES. A New American Pentremite.—No. 
SRST eh Ut OSI 2) 6 Se a Ig ee Se ee 


New species: Pentremites maccalliei. 


SEALE, Atvin. See under Jorpan, Davip SrarR._-_---.. -- 
SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. Secunder JORDAN, DAVID STARR- 
833-834, 
Starks, Epwin Cuapin. On a Collection of Fishes made by 
P. O: Simons in Ecuador and Peru.—No. 1468. June 14, 
CDMS, GSE ere Bd ean Ll RE a a8 Bia Poe Ie a eee 
New species: Galeichthys simonsi, Tachysurus equatorialis, Ihamdia 
gilli, Prochilodus caudifasciatus, Tylosurus jordani, Neptomenus crassus 
Paralabrax callaensis, Isacia. venusta, Pomadasis burro, Scizwna 

gilberti. 


Ix 


Page. 


759-760 
143-148 


397-398, 
841-845 


761-800 


@ Date of publication. 


X TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Srarks, Epwin Cuapin. See under JoRDAN, Davip STarr_ 695-706 
STEJNEGER, LEONHARD. A New Salamander from North 
Carolina.—No. 1457. May 22) 190642295 oe. 2 eee 559-562 
New species: Plethodon shermani. 
—. A New Tree Toad from Costa Rica.—No. 1471. 
June 419064. 22 2S Sl ee ee eee 817-818 
New species: [Hyla phlebodes. 


Trur, FrepsertckK W. Description of a New Genus and 
Species of Fossil Seal from the Miocene of Maryland.— 

No. 1475; »dune-16,) 1906622 ee eens, 5 eee 835-840 
New genus: Leptophoca. 
New species: Leptophoca lenis. 

Uxricu, Epwarp O., and Ray 8S. Basster. New American 
Paleozoic Ostracoda. Notes and Descriptions of Upper 
Carboniferous Genera and Species. —No. 1446. April 4, 

LOG 6 we AS er UA ee eh a en ee 149-164 
New families: Leperditellide, Kirkbyide. 
New genus: Paraparchites. 
New species: Paraparchites humerosus, Beyrichia emaciata, Beyrich- 
iella gregaria, B. bolliaformis, Kirkbya pinguis, K. centronota, 
Cythere haworthi, Bairdia beedei, Cypridina subovata. 
New varieties: Beyrichiella bolliaformis tumida, Bairdia beedei abrupta. 

VauGuan, T. Waytanp. A New Species of Coenocyathus 

from California and the Brazilian Astrangid Corals.—No. 
TAT(..~ Ste : BAP 9OG SO ars ee 847-850 
New. species: Cenocyathus bowersi, Astrangia brasiliensis, A. rathbuni. 
Three New Fungi, with a Description of a Speci- 
men of Fungia Granulosa Klunzinger and a Note on a 
Specimen of Fungia Concinna Verrill.—No. 1473. June 
20, 19064. _ .- 


New species: Fungia japonica, F. samboangensis, F. madagascarensis. 


Watcotr, CHARLES D. Cambrian Faunas of China.—No. 
145630 Mag 23; 1906. 920.2 2 ee eee ee 
New genus: Blackwelderia. 
New species: Coscinocyathus elvira, Discinopsis sulcatus, Yorkia orien- 
talis, Orthis (Plectorthis) agreste, O. (P.) kichouensis, Scenella dila- 
tatus, Platyceras willisi, Stenotheca simplex, Agraulos armatus, A. 
nitida, A. obscura, Avregularis, A. uta, A. vicina, A. capax, A. melie, 
Anomocare bigshyi, A. eriopia, A. flava, Anomocarella contigua, A. 
irma, Ptychaspis bella, Ptychoparia comus, P. inflata, P. lilia, P. 
nereis, P. undata, P. vesta, P. maia, P. (Liostracus) intermedia, P. 
(L.) subrugosa, Solenopleura pauperata, Dolichometopus hyrie. 
Species undetermined: Ohbolus (Lingulepis), Orthis (Plectorthis), 
Anomocare, Ptychoparia. 
New variety: Dorypyge richthofeni levis. 


« Date of publication. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


cies of South American Geometrid Moths.—No. 1456.¢ 
EES TLE TSN Goh tal Sa se ea a cE 


New genera: Celurotricha, Neodeta, Notoptya, Obelopteryx, Cacolyces, 
NXenomigia, Aphanophleps, Hemipterodes, Lobocleta, Lobura, Omo- 
pera, Pammeris, Schistocolpia, Bombia, Cophopoda, Hemiphricta, 
Neozuga, Scoriopsis, Idialcis, Lepidospora, Neazata, Atopodes, 
Aventiopsis, Neodontopera, Syncrenis. 

7 New species: Antiplecta cxsia, A. cinerascens, A. nigripleta, A. trian- 
gularis, Capnophylla albiceps, Celurotricha curvilinea, Epiplema 
excoria, Gathynia cassata, G. ochripennis, Neodeta fusciata, N. nana, 
N. ochriplaga, Notoptya fuscularia, Siculodopsis dubia, S. gracilinea, 
Dolichoneura nigrinotata, Obelopteryx angusta, Pycnoneura rectili- 
neata, Atyria cruciata, Cyllopoda bipuncta, C. radiata, Dialephtis 
celata, Ephialtias morena, Euchontha casirona, Polypetes aniplata, 
Scea obliquaria, Scotura discolor, S. nigrata, Stenoplastis transversa, 
Xenomigia veninotata, Anophylla obeliscata, Comibena flavicoma, 

_ Drucia excrescens, D. quinquemaculata, D. semispurcata, Gelasma 

subrufescens, Melochlora affinis, M. genuflexa, M. hydatodes, M. obnu- 

bilata, M. vagilinea, Miantonota rectilinea, Oospila sellifera, Racheo- 
lopha carnelunata, R. coerulea, R. confluaria, R. continuata, R. derasa, 

R. rubescens, R. extensata, R. florepicta, R. lilacina, R. lingipalpis, 

R. nivetacta, R. pallida, R. sporadata, Tachyphyle costiscripta, T. 

subfulvata, Anisodes abruptaria, A. delineata, A. flavicornis, A. flavi- 

puncia, A. leucaniata, A. potreria, A. stricticata, A. subviolescens, 


A. terrens, Asellodes hebetior, Aphanophleps vinosaria, A, vulpina, 
Cremodes concomitans, C. curta, C. fuscifrons, Crypsityla borri- 
garia, ©. ignifera, C. subrosea, C. subrubella, Deinopygia conifer, D. 
faleipennis, D. horrifica, D. percurrens, D, triangulata, Dichromato- 
-podia cervina, D. purpurea, D. rufinedia, Dysephyra albidiscata, 
Emmiltis blandula, E. omissa, E. tricincta, Eumacrodes excilinea, 
Hemaleacomminuta, H. fragmentaria, H. venipunctata, Hemipterodes 
subnigrata, Heterephyra aurata, H. fulvescens, IH. grisea, H. scripturata, 
FF semibrunnea, Lipomelia tristrigata, Lobocleta translineata, Lobura 
ocellata, Mnesithetis decolor, M. rufipuncta, Omopera angulata, Pam- 
meris albiguttata, P. fumata, Ptychopoda finita, P. fissilinea, P. flavi- 
cincta, P. flexivitta, P. imbellis, P. marascia, P. muscifasciata, P. 
purpureovittata, P. rufarenaria, P. similinea, P. tenebrica, P. usti- 
margo, P. vagula, P. vitticostata, Schistocolpia crinita, Sterrha farada, 
Synelys wrufata, Tricentra aurilimbata, T. biguttata, T. brunneomar- 
ginata, T. colligata, T. consequens, T. flavistigma, T. ignefumosa, T. 
percrocea, T.vinosata, Eudulebasipuncta, E. parca, Leptidule sulcifera, 
Cambogiacancellaia, Bombia protuberans, Erateina brunnea, E. satel- 
lites, Oreonoma rubriplaga, Trochiodes subpohliata, Cophopoda pyra- 
lidimima, Dochephora fumosa, D. nudata, D. obscurata, Sebastia 
assimilis, S. balteata, S. deldaria, S. dormita, S. humerata, S. olivaria, 
S. pallidistriga, Tephroclystia anita, T. antaria, T. collineata, T. condu- 
plicata, T. consors, T. defimbriata, T. discipuncta, T. gaumaria, T. gos- 
lina, T.hastaria, T. helenaria, T. indecisa, T. infrequens, T. kurtia, T. 
leucographata, T. mediobrunnea, T. mollita, T. muscistrigata, T. parci- 
rufa, T. perolivata, T. pictimargo, T. planipennis, T. rauca, T. sellia, T. 


« Date of publication. 


xO 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


semilignata, T. semirufescens, T. subalba, T. submiranda, T. sylpharia, 
T. waria, T. violetta, T. westonaria, Lomographa discolorata, L. 
proximata, L. ultimata, Berberodes cassiteris, B. delicata, B. simplex, 
B. violacea, Cirrhosoma curvata, Gyostega rufimacula, Hemiphricta 
albicostata, Neozuga latifascia, N. strictifascia, Phrygionis fratercula, 
P. sororcula, Astyochia signata, Leuculopsis intermedia, Myrineco- 
phantes velata, Nipteria deformis, N. marginata, N. sabulosa, Scoriopsis 
nigrivenata, Sangalopsis mediata, Bronchelia benepicta, B. marcida, 
Bryoptera albiplaga, B. nigrilineata, Cymatophora divergens, C. flex- 
ilinia, C. viriditincta, Hymenomima exangulata, H. subnigrata, 
Idialcis mexicuba, Iridopsis eupepla, I. fusilinea, I. humilis, I. inve- 
nusta, I, memor, I. rufisparsa, I. transvisata, Pherotesia indistincta, 
Physocleora albibrunnea, P. cretaria, P. fulgurata, P. fuscicosta, P. 
nubilata, P. rectivecta, P. scutigera, P. suffusca, P. venirufata, 
Stenalcidia nitens, Stenotrachelys insularis, Eupileta subcesia, Hypo- 
metalla purpurea, H. scintillans, Lepidospora lanuginosa, Mimo- 
phyle parallela, Narragodes levis, Porona balteata, Neazata multi- 
strigaria, Sciagraphia stabilata, Semiothisa abrupta, S. atomaria, S. 
decorata, S. fervens, S. lapidata, S. liquata, S. multistriata, S. pluri- 
maculata, S. punctistriata, S. subfulva, S. sarda, Tephrina albisecta, 
T. confertistriga, Tephrinopsis indeterminata, Xenoecista trimaculata, 
Acrotomodes unicolor, Asestra lineata, Atopodes singularis, Aventiop- 
sis ochrea, Caberodes aspilataria, C. nexilinea, Cannagara himerodes, 
Crocopteryx hilaris, C. venusta, Cyclomia lilacina, C. strigifera, C. 
tumidilinea, Dectochilus decens, D. tincta, Eusenea semibrunnea, 
Entomopepla bipars, Gonorthus bilineata, Ira albirenata, Microgonia 
albicomma, M. cubana, M. fedaria, M. punctilinea, M. uniformis, 
M. vespertilio, M. xanthopepla, Mimogonodes subsignata, Mimosema 
dorsiiinea, Mychonia excisa, Nematocampa falsa, Neodontopera 
cinerea, Numia albisecta, Patalene sordida, Periclina cervina, Pero 
binasata, P. disjuncta, P. feda, Polla albipuncta, Pyrinia xmula, 
P. albilineata, P. insula, P. prefulvata, Syncrenis ustimargo. 


New varieties: Anisodes aurantiata variety atridiscata, Dysephyra 


albidiscata variety nigridiscata, Bassania amethystata variety 
extremata. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


TEXT FIGURES. 


PCM MONIC TPES NMULCIVICUUO USS: \an. ao Sarees So Leeks Mas nob desc gab eeoeauee 
Melamistic Spelerpes maculicaudus, dorsal view -...-.:-......2-2.-2--2-+2---6 
Melanistic Spelerpes maculicaudus, lateral view..-....-.......-.-------------- 
RODUUUS, SCHLEMUIIONGUS <2 * oe sae eee Nie Mice NO aaa moe amr hl 
LPN HOSEGIG EOS eke aa le Es ER UE A ee ee ee Re eee TE 
menOnard saisume > - 02002 L eS kc! Rep ee Pee ie Ri Sree ere ee ee ieee 
(SIN SIRACENA SCO DET Eas Oy 0" COTES OS ee I Sao sf oR RUE 
Rhinogobius nagoye...... eed i a AS I aN aS ae PRO Yo en sr A a SL 
er rGHMHTeHeN ONT cee mei mate 2a wee he ae UE PL a 
is cUnCnasan LOD Avie OL SKUs: sp poene ee aol se eee eek 
mianscumicnsis.* losterion view Of Skul! : 223k) 322) 2. ee 
Pp ao nmises De niatal view. OLgseUll. 92. ei eee eet ee i Ae 
Mippertecthn ot isinopaiand -Mritemnodons. 525 3o Ne eee Po 
Lower teeth of Sinopa, Tritemnodon, and Cynohyenodon............--------- 
inoponorongern, side. ylew On Skull\and jaws: 2<.2i2b..02i 2220. 2 eee 
Simoniworaneer aiOp viewiol Skmlle oo sic 5 ee Sy. eS Le ek 
Siepugrongent, interior viewror skulle 2.22 sic Sosd als ci. Ske ek Se 
Evolution of the upper carnassial in Creodonta and Carnivora.............-- 
Simepargranger, atlas viewed from above. 222.2022. .22 22s el ee. 
winopesgrangerl, axis vertebra, SIdG VIEW = o2ikc-2--22-e 22 ---020-22.scecee ee 
SiNOMi, Granger, Sixth Cervical vertebra s-2 2006 ote ss cist. a= bs sae ude. 
eineparorandger, Second dorsal Verebras. =<. -2.2/s225- oc 2eece 5 oleae cee ce Se 
Sinope grange. cisuth dorsal vertebra: 2 ..2--2922:2222.0-<2. 2...) a 
Sunene grangert, sixtoe lumbar vertebra... =. 2.22. 6.2.28. ste eee 
mivopa grangery, second catidal vertebra: <2... .<2hs2 2 os.-Seeseeioct eee eee 
Sinopa grangeri, seventh and sixteenth caudal vertebre..............22-2---- 
Sinopa grangeri, humerus, anterior and posterior views......-.....--.------- 
Sinopa grangeri, radius and ulna, anterior and posterior views ............--- 
Sinopawrangenr tore toot, dorsal views. <. 0.2222 i000. -- 1-2 cee eke sees 
Sinopa grangeri, femur, anterior and posterior views...........------------- 
Sinoga grangeri, tibia and fibula, anterior and posterior views ..........----- 
Nimonengranden, Lind toot, darsaloyiew.oco---o---2-e--200-enede sedan ae 
Differences in weight changes of two human brains --.--.....-.......------- 
Differences in weight changes of two bear brains. ..........-.---.........--- 
Changes in brain weights in 3 per cent formalin solution ..............-....- 
Changes in brain weights in 3 per cent formalin solution..............-...-- 
Changes in brain weights in 5 per cent formalin solution...............-.--- 
Changes in brain weights in 5 per cent formalin solution ............-...---. 
Changes in brain weights in 10 per cent formalin solution ..............---. E 
Changes in brain weights in 15 per cent formalin solution..............-.-.- 
Changes in brain weights in 1.030 specific gravity salt formalin solution __.... 
Changes in brain weights in one-half alum solution, with 5 per cent formalin. 
Changes in brain weights in alum solution, with 10 per cent formalin _....-.- 
Changes in brain weights in alum solution, with 5 per cent formalin.......-- 
Weight changes in sheep brains in 3 per cent formalin solution ............-- 
XIII 
. 


999 


223 
224 
226 
227 
99 


228 
251 
251 
252 
253 
254 
255 
256 
257 
258 
259 
260 
261 
279 


XIV LIST GF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Weight changes in sheep brains in 5 per cent formalin solution...-----.--.-- 
Weight changes in sheep brains in 10 per cent formalin polation. 2 sae 
Weight changes in sheep brains in 15 per cent formalin solution..-.-.-.-.---- 
Weight changes in sheep brains in salt solution, with 5 per cent formalin ..-. 
Weight changes in sheep brains in 1.030 specific gravity formalin salt solution. - 
Weight changes in sheep brains in 1.015 specific gravity salt formalin solution. 
Weight changes in sheep brains in alum solution, with 5 per cent of formalin. 
Weight changes in sheep brains in one-third alum solution, with 5 per cent of 

formalin s2.¢ 202 2.6.-4 2s <5 dose cee ag eee eee ee See ae 
Weight changes in sheep brains in one-fifth alum solution, with 5 per cent of 

formalin 2.25.2 2d eis Hee eee eee eee eee 
Weight changes in sheep brains in one-third alum solution, with sodium 


chloride to 1.030 specific gravity, and 10 per cent formalin ..........------ 
Weight changes in sheep brains in one-third saturated solution of alum, with 
sodium chloride to 1.030 specific gravity, and 5 per cent formalin ........-.-- 
Weight changes in sheep brains in solution of 80 parts of 95 per cent alcohol 
and.\20 parts 5 per cent: formalin. > A201. aaee eel See oe ae ee 
Weight changes in sheep brains in solution of 65 parts of 95 per cent alcohol 
and 35 parts 3 per cent formalin. 3.- = ojacs Seen eas ee ee 


Weight changes in sheep brains in sodium acetate, sodium chloride, alcohol, 
and: tonmalimsolution® © -.225" 3s... 52 aaro- Seer 


Weight changes in 15 different preservatives containing formalin .......----- 
Dentition of Plethodon sherman: > 2~.525.2ea2ae Sout ee eee 
Dentition ofPlethodon wneusiss= 25.225 ae sete = tee ee eee 
Dentition of -Plethodon jordantl..o=.55 soa 5s5 ee ee a eee 
Upper side of right forefoot of Plethodon shermani.....---------------------- 
Under side of right hind foot of Plethodon shermant .._-.---.--=------------- 
Under side of right-hind foot of Plethodon:eneus.. o.—.- 2 seas eee ne ee 
Turpitia. grandis. Lateral yiew of type. 2 2..< = seen 
Turpilia grandis. Dorsal view of head and pronotum....--..--------------- 
Ischnomela pulchripennis. Dorsal view of type--.-----------=----------<-<- 
Ischnomela pulchripennis. Lateral view of type...-.-~-..:--+-.2----------< 
Mimetica crenulaia. Lateraliwiew ol-type---4-22-2-- - san=2 sss eee 
Mimetica crenulata.. Dorsal view of pronotum of type.......---------------- 
Symphyloxiphus magnificum. Lateral view of type......---.---------------- 
Symphyloxiphus magnificum. Dorsal view of type. .-.--..------------------- 
Cupsilurusi0g00= 22282 ase ease ee See cee eee eee ee 
Conythnouchthys tOmue ces 52 Sasol oe mle et ee eee ere re eee 
ATH EriNAG: MOTI aro co 2e oe bss ck een eee Eee ee re ee ee ee eee 
AMIG NOD 2o2 bas ois eS tS a ee ee eee 
Pyiota abet. 2is2c 2222 ce ee ase Sone oe eee ee 
Rhinogobius:hadropterus = sos = 3 2a a ee ee ee 
Enneapleryouus etheostoma 25-2 = = ae aaa =e ee ee 
Ghristicens flammeus: <8) 2020.2 sa el se ae en ee ee ee 
Blernwis Cuines <. 22.5 5.2 sashes Se Se ee ee ee 
Salarrds CnOswme . — aia. Ss SSE cw Sasi ee ee ee 
Salarias andersont' : 2.3.5 soot Sec dee ee ieee ee eee ee 
Salarias taneqaswie - . 22.25 <cinoe See ee Se See Oe ee eee 
Petroscirtes loxozonus ...--- - SPs. ca kbd at Kocaeli  ees 
Eimbolichthys Miiswkurt <2 < cee acces cee ae bee aoe eee ee 
Ammodytes persondtus @ o<2 5-6 oS. eck Sas Se cae ee | eee es ae 
Venation.of Agnippe ewpneellas. o.. ae Sean ee ee ee eee ee 
Venation.of Numata. bipunctella .=: 2 2c. sje See ee eee ee eee ee ee 
Venation of Hyvipne pollosielia= =... s=5.2 ade. cose s6 See e eee 


Venation of Recurvariu elachistella 


298 


299 


300 
306 
560 
560 
560 
562 
562 
562 
597 
598 
599 
600 
602 
602 
GO4 
GO4 
695 
696 
697 
698 
699 
700 
700 
701 
702 


eyo 
(Uo 


703 
705 
705 
716 
718 
123 
724 
725 
726 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XV 
; Page 
Pte C LOM MNNOLOMICHO o.\- J2- ote ee asco a6 wo oscilla ce wine oe wedeeccen 727 
EEC MELO TT MUNOTICRC Grae as ee ne ee a nae sell ences ones 730 
BeEME ARON “MOU MURGCUPETELO =< 21. oes a own a dwn eee cadens oases ee cee- fal 
Beene TORT ONMENUIMMCIIC = ea oa oooh Se anna k wo ee ee nee se sec eee ccc ecce 733 
Beason oclomornpna operosela, Male = —-..2--2 52 .22..0..2 5-222 beet ee- 734 
Venation of Setomorpha operosella, female............-..--------- aide ei Pe 735 
Diagrammatic comparison of skulls of Sus barbatus and Sus gargantua.....-.-- 743 
The distorted specimen of Pentremites maccalliei slightly tilted. ......22.222... 759 
Basal view of Pentremites maccalliei in outline, restored to probable normalform. 760 
Section of Pentremites maccalliei across an ambulacral furrow.........-------- 760 
Co GH COALS SUE COOSA! AU) GPRS BT ae i Be ah al eR) EC 765 
PeMICHORUS SIMONST toe ne Wea. Os lees weet eel. A aeee Pepa taney es Bare soe ey Si 765 
ET Neel MOUSE we aie toe hes ee Ie yh OME oo he ee wae SSS 767 
Mee MOL ne Me coe aoee oe Se. hoe! fake wo SE SSL yols es oes 767 
Ty IEICE TCO ELT ICT) 7A MN Af ae pe ee 774 
0 EASES REIRCT IIT EE SSIS 9 TE a SO eget > Gen a ae ea, ae a 782 
2 ISIS GTS ETNA ToS ee AR EG Sy ADI de a a 782 
EE OnE aC ACS S ene Oni ela mete Ment eS eo ai ni SP sede 785 
Sree OOM CUDMONES Sx tet ee i caty wees Se. Coe ete ee SEE Sone ee ee ee 789 
Renner Ree Sern eke ge ee Aa ewe, needs Shak Seng dete ks Se 789 
eee MgO ree et ere nee Vee! eS ees Sie. Soe ae boone beh See 815 
LSAT SIGINT Sg (01 SO en es A ee, 83 
ren ice Pe MT ier eae eae Aes ee Kee ed he oe kasinins dno 842 
col ORUSY HOTS AR EE oe 2 a GSR ae Sr 843 
Re CTEM CR UM teat ae cee eens pale a eye ee Re ee ME a SS tes eke ke 82 
ieee it Te OUI TCENSt oe Sa ee oe oe oe Seale ee Se le Beoe aed Conse ose See 853 
EEO Eee a ae Eee eel oe te en Bae OEE 
PLATES. 
Facing 
page. 
fee) neces Ol OTOGvician -BEVOZO® . 2-22 25-25. saves obi ea. oss. s eed 66 
Panes Lypen ol Ordovigian Bry O20a: Sa. sat see). ooo dns ore ie 66 
Pep acc Dee Or OrdOviGiilelst VO7ZON, 5 oom aces. Reason a de 66 
MOS Nes OL ORIG VIC Anon VOZORe soe h 58S s/o. Rates. nce. cass ewe 66 
Da esa pes Ol. OTGOviclinebryOZOde 2. aaiae eee kee ose ce bse esa ek ce 66 
Darcey pester Ordovician brvyozGa e2 st): 22 os echo d eso see e eee Dee 66 
¢. James types of Ordovician and Silurian Bryozoa.........2.......- pas aes 66 
8. Larvee and young adults of Spelerpes maculicaudus............-.-.------- 84 
9; Juarvee and young adults of Spelerpes maculicaudus.........----..--.-=--s 84 
RC TPere MIRE IS PICHON ES TITCUOMUAUS = Oe ee alee ei eee ee be opetele 84 
ime eroerinrer tine OMLTICOOA) se a Sete oss ee Re Se Sek cee eed 164 
eRe Newaapanesesblymenoplena ... sts +. 56 lS. s2iaci io 2265s Sselooecee cedecu 202 
eee em apamenc, Sty IMeCNOPLeTa 4.5 6-2 o8-..<see.ssese- esc tance teed ese 202 
eet ewad oamese blyIMeENO tera oa. fee se sac a Se soce cate ~ = eee Sede esas 202 
Pew panics. Hymenoptera. .2.tt .sa4ss2s e222 -.- 2 -de0d Seeee bees ee ewe 202 
16. Sinopa grangeri, type skeleton ....-. eo Ae cee eter de Stas Meera alana 204 
eesoluses of the Wamily Pyramidellidw@sy.|..2..0225-22-+--.+----2-5---- 370 
18. Mollusks of the Family Pyramidellidee............-. 2 SIE he ae eee 37 
fee Molmisks of the Family Pyramidellide2/...22.- °\ .-1-...22-22.-2..-2- 370 
ae Mollusis'ot the Wamily Pyramidellide.-.....:.u.22..-...2---2.--22-- 370 
aie Vollusks of th@@amily Pyramidellidee.......2.2.-.----2-:.---------2-- 37C 
aoe Mollasicsof the Family Pyramidellide.......2.:.:.....-.-...2...2--2- 37 
foe Molusksor the wlinily Pyramidellidse:.......2...22..2.-.224.---+2--- 370 
ee Mollusks, of the Family Pyramidellidee......2...--.2.2.2-+-..-. eee eee 370 
PeMolnaies of the Family Pyramidellidx--.....2....-:-2-4/-.-+--2-2.---- 37 
; > 


eV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


or C1 


“I 


Or 
o 2) 


or 
2D 
co 


oo =I ¢ 


Facing 

page, 

Mollusks of the Family Pyramidellidse- 22-32-52 = 325. ere eon 
Pearly fresh-water mussels .-.-. 32. So@e2-e esa oe eS ee oe eee 396 
Pearly fresh-water mussels .2 2222222 csec ewaseee a ee ie ee 396 
“Pearly fresh-water mussels 2.3 .22.cl0 22 5s nee eae a ee ae 596 
Skeleton of Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi.....-----------------------+---- 612 
Skeletonsof Rhamphorhiynchus genuningy . = sseeee sae eee 612 
Lateral view of the skull ef Triceratops calicornis -.-..------------------- 612 
Anterior view of the skull of Diceratops hatcheri.......------+---:------- 612 
Lateral view of the skull of Diceratops hatchert .......------------------- 612 
Mounted: skeleton of mastodom™= = 2-6 2.) a-s see eee 612 
Paraguayan Acrididze 3 >... tacc Recah Se See = ae ae ee ee 694 
Paraguayan Acrididse’= 2.2) .\--ise 2d neces eee 694 
Rarasuayan Acrididee:.. 2264 aoe fas so ae ee ee 694 
Sus: Garbatuss.2 = 55-5 oe ioe eee a ee te See eee eee 758 
SUB OUe 2a ann So OR Se Senha Soe 2 oo ne Oe a 758 
WSUS GANGONUULG «= 2 Pct ce elas no ciae Se Cicer e Sere = ae See een 758 
ISS) DARD GUIS wenn Secale 2 ee a Te ee 758 
SUS) OU se 3 Ss Sa Tg eS hae SE Eee ee ce eee 758 
SUS GAT GANIMG a2 san Ss So acc One Se aE a ee 758 
Susbarbatus a. f2k et ee ee a i ee ee 758 
SUS 08 svete 5S Gorham HOS Shecwt he 2 IE Ee a AS eee 758 
Sus Gargantua: 5. «soe - 28 2g. 2 ete eo ae eae 758 
SUSHOANOOIUS.<. WSUS GORGANULG =. Heise aaa eee ee es 
SUS CONDaiUss — SUS*OOTO CID: GSU SiO Use ee =e ae ee eel eee eee 758 
SUSGOrganludsc. fscah soos Ses eee oe Ie eee eee eee 758 
ISUS DON OCU Sis Sark Oe ence oom ee ie ee re ee 758 
SUS Ol casas cn ee a1S oe min oe alee Ad oe ote eee ae 758 
SUSICTISLAIUS Ene veo SSSR Bs ok ee Seo ee Noe Bee ene 758 
SUB CTUSLQLUBSS SS eic ors woes Se ne Stee SSR ea acre ee ee 758 
Sus qubattis 55265: pe ease ok See ae a eee cane Tee 
Sus (ubatus 23.2 2. 2 See oe oo cee ed ee a eee 758 
Sus penmsilaris. ‘Sus: peninsuloris? 22 Sse. eee eee 758 
ISIS CIMSLOLUS. SUS MUDGLUS. | SUSAUULCUILS == = ee eee ee 758 
Susicristaius: — Sus 7ubatus- oa Sane ee eee eee eee 758 
Susbabt. .SusivhMons) «<2 ses. 2 ats Soe ee ee ee ee eee 758 
Susibabi: > Sus rhioniscn on2 $.0 sk SS ee ee eee 758 
Susmiadensis: Susiandamanensise--s—- - >= oes eee ee eee 758 
Sumniadensiss \iSUs 0t..22-- oo 2 cSt eee ee ee Cee Oe ee 758 
Sus vlttatus. Susimiadensis.. (Sus riionis: 3... 2-2 se 2 ee eee eee 758 
thamdia gilli. Paralabrax callaensis. Pomadasis burro...--..----------- 800 
Dopdixodon freminvillei. Doydixodon laevifrons. Sciaena gilberti.....----- 800 
hungia japonica, New Species = 22-2 4e.c- = seer ee ee eee 832 
Hungia samboangensis, New SPeCles|-.-= ssesse eee eee eae eee 832 
Fungia samboangensis. Fungut concinna <2. ..5= 2226-55 eee eee 832 
Hungiaigranulosa ISltunzingers 24... eee se aes eee ee ee 832 
Fungia granulosa Ki lunzinger.. = - esses ote = ee eee eee 832 
Bungia madagascarensis, New SpeCles) =. 2—-2-a.se ee eee eee eee eee 832 
Fungia maddgascaren#is, New SpeCles . ac. 4-5 so ee eee eee eee 832 
Fungia samboangensis. Fungia granulosa. Fungia madagascarensis..-...- £32 
Humerus of Leptophoca lenis and of Phoca greenlandica.........-------- 840 
Bones of Leptophoca lenis and of a fossil sirenian.....-..---..---------- 840 
Coenocyactus boworsi and Astrangia crasiliensis .......------------------- 850 


Astrangia TathhUnt <0 0nd dsuta. Lae ee eee se ane uae ses S ek eer 850 


A STUDY OF THE JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN AND 
SILURIAN BRYOZOA. 


By Ray 8S. BassuEr, 


Assistant Curator, Department of Geology. 


Mr. U. P. James was one of the pioneer students of the splendid 
fauna of the Cincinnati group, and at various times between 1871 and 
1883 printed the results of his studies in private and other publications. 
In these papers Mr. James described a considerable number of bryo- 
zoa as well as of other classes of fossils, but almost invariably failed 
to illustrate his species. Some of his names were recognized by sub- 
sequent writers who redescribed and illustrated his species, but the 
majority are still as left by their author. 

Some years ago the James collection became a part of the paleon- 
tologic collection of Walker Museum of the University of Chicago, 
and its types are now accessible for study. The present paper is 
devoted to a consideration of the bryozoa described by Mr. James, and 
is based not only upon the James types but also upon numerous authen- 
tic specimens received from Mr. James and now in the collection of 
the U. S. National Museum. However, most of these bryozoa (Tre- 
postomata) he referred to the Tabulate corals, others (Cryptostomata) 
to the bryozoa, while a few were placed with Stromatopora and the 
sponges. It is hoped that the conclusions reached by the present 
writer in regard to the validity and synonymy of the various species 
are fair to both Mr. James and subsequent workers along the same 
lime. 

The writer is under obligations to Professors Chamberlin and Weller 
for the opportunity of studying this portion of the James collection, 
and especial thanks are due Professor Weller for his help and advice 
at various times. 

INTRODUCTION. 


The early systematic work in all branches of natural history is obvi- 
ously more or less faulty when compared with the standard obtaining 
to-day, just as many imperfections will no doubt be found by the 
future student in the results of present researches. This is especially 
true in regard to paleontologic work, where the student’s observations 


_ = oo - 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1442. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——1 1 


| 
| 
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. | 


are limited to more or less imperfect remains, and when, in addition, 
.aclass such as the Bryozoa requires the microscopic as well as the 

macroscopic characters for the delimitation of species, it is not aston- 

ishing that pioneer work in such a field should be quite imperfect. 

All of the Paleozoic systems of the North American continent, with 
the exception of the Cambrian, afford a large number of Bryozoa 
which have essentially the same general macroscopic features, but 
which show their specific differences mainly upon microscopic exami- 
nation. This applies particularly to species of the order Treposto- 
mata, or, as they have been commonly designated, the Monticulipo- 
roids. Species of Trepostomata as well as of the other orders were 
described from the external characters alone until 1876, when Doctor 
Nicholson published his paper Notes on the Paleozoic Corals of the 
State of Ohio.” Here for the first time the internal characters were 
studied and illustrated by means of thin sections. This and succeed- 
ing articles by the same writer pointed out the way for the accurate 
study of the monticuliporoids. Previous to the date mentioned, names | 
such as Chaetetes lycoperdon or C. petropolitanus were applied to 
almost any massive paleozoic bryozoan, while Stenopora fibrosa was a 
convenient designation for ramose forms irrespective of their geolog- 
ical horizon. ‘To-day the characterization of any new species, particu- 
larly of the Trepostomata, is incomplete without the description and 
illustration of the internal structure as well as the external features. 
Fortunately some of the species hitherto described without a study of 
their internal parts have such well-marked external characters that, 
with good illustrations of the latter, it has been possible to identify 
the species. The generic characters being in nearly all cases internal, 
it remained for subsequent authors to properly place such species. 

Several authors have described a considerable number of bryozoa 
almost entirely without illustration. Ina few cases the specific charac- 
ters are so salient that little trouble is experienced in identifying the 
species, but in the majority of cases it is impossible to do so without 
an examination of the original types. To determine the status of as 
many as possible of these more or less obscure species, and thus to 
clear up the literature of the subject, has been the endeavor of the 
writer for some years. In the identification and final recognition of 
such species, especially when the synonymy, if any, is in question, 
one’s personal equation is so liable to enter that considerable care is 
necessary in order to obtain unbiased results. The writer has tried 
to eliminate this element in work of this character by adhering strictly 
to the rules of nomenclature. The Code of Nomenclature adopted by 
the American Ornithologists Union (New York, 1892) contains prob- 
ably the best and most recent expression of the laws upon this subject, 
and the rules employed in this paper and cited later are quoted from 
this valuable work. 


4Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), X VIII, 1876, pp. 85-94, pl. v. 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. ' 3 


In the application of the these rules to the James types, many dif- 
ficulties are encountered. These occur especially in those cases where 
the specimens marked as types fail to conform in important respects 
with the original descriptions. In many cases it seems almost certain 
that the specimens now marked as the types were not the ones origi- 
nally used by the elder James in describing the species. Furthermore, 
it is probable that the selection of the types occurred subsequently, 
possibly when the younger James joined his father in the study of 

these organisms. As it is now impossible to determine this point, and 
as labels in the elder James’s handwriting in every case accompany the 
type, we must accept the specimens thus marked as the original types 
and apply the rules to these. 

The study of these type specimens has forcibly impressed upon the 
writer the caution that ought to be observed by cataloguers in record- 
ing literature of this kind. In 19004 Nickles and the writer recognized 
a number of the poorly defined James species, placing well defined and 
figured species of other authors as synonyms. These identifications 
were based mainly upon ‘‘authentic” specimens one of them had 
received from Mr. U. P. James, and also partly upon their interpre- 
tation of his descriptions. Unfortunately this interpretation and the 
authentic specimens do not in a number of cases agree with. the types, 
thus making a revision of the synonymy necessary. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


The paleontological publications of Mr. U. P. James commenced in 
1871 with the issue of a Catalogue of Lower Silurian Fossils. In this 
pamphlet a few species now referred to the bryozoa were named but 
not described. Inasecondand enlarged edition of the catalogue, which 
appeared in 1875, these and other species were briefly described. In 
July, 1878, appeared the first number of the Paleontologist, a private 
publication devoted to geology and paleontology. Seven numbers, 
consisting altogether of 53 pages and 2 plates, were issued at irregular 
intervals from 1878 to 1883. The descriptions in this paper are often 
clear and concise, and have the additional advantage of including 
accurate measurements, as wellas a statement of the horizon, locality, 
and range of the species. Inthe treatment of the monticuliporoids, in 
Nos. 6 and 7, more or less detailed accounts of their internal structure 
are given. Five additional species of this class are described by Mr. 
James in articles appearing in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society 
of Natural History. Many of the descriptions in the foregoing arti- 
cles are, as mentioned before, clear and concise and show that their 
author was not only an acute observer, but also appreciated the value 
of both external and internal characters in the discrimination of species 
belonging to this group. 

The series of papers by U. P. James and Joseph F. James, listed 


@Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


below and entitled On the Monticuliporoid Corals of the Cincinnati 
Group, witha Critical Revision of the Species, contains a treatment of 
the monticuliporoids that is in marked contrast to the previous work 
of the elder James. The form and surface characters of the zoarium 
are now considered the diagnostic points, and the species and synonymy 
are arranged accordingly. Joseph F. James continues the same style 
of work in his Manual of the Paleontoloyy of the Cincinnati Group, 
but his death left this series of articles unfinished. 

The following list and remarks upon the papers of both U. P. and 
J. F. James relate only to those which deal in part or wholly with 
bryozoa or organisms which have proved to be bryozoa., 


U. P. JAMES. 


1. CaraLoaurE oF Lower Sruurtan Fossius, Cincinnati Group, Crncrnnatt, 1871. 

Under the heading of Zoophyta lists the Bryozoa of the Cincinnati group. 

2. Apprrions ro CaTALoGuE oF Lower SILuRIAN Fosstis, Cincinnati Group, Crn- 
CINNATI, 1873. 7 

Lists several additional species of Bryozoa and corrects some of the earlier 
names. 

3. CATALOGUE OF LOWER SILURIAN FossILs oF THE CINCINNATI GROUP, WITH DeE- 
SCRIPTIONS OF SOME New SPECIES OF CORALS AND PoLyzoa, CINCINNATI, 1875. 

This is an enlarged edition of the catalogue of 1871 and contains in addition 
an introduction wherein the following new species of Bryozoa are described: 
Chextetes ? calycula, C. clavacoideus, C. cincinnatiensis, C.? onealli, Ceramo- 
pora nicholsoni, Ptilodictya acuminata, and Alecto nevilis. 

4. THe Pavronto.oaist, No. 1, pp. 1-8, Cincinnati, Juny 2, 1878. 

Contains descriptions of the following species of Bryozoa: Chextetes crustulatus, 
C. sp.? (meeki suggested), C. sp.? (varians proposed), Fistulipora ? multi- 
pora, Helopora dendrina, H. tenuis, H. meeki, H. parvula, H. approximata, 
Ptilodictya hilli, P. plumaria, P. flecuosa, P. granulosa, P. paralella, Cera- 
mopora ? beani, C.? trregularis, C. alternata, C. concentrica, Hippothoa deli- 
catula, Ptilodictya fimbriata and P. sp.? (welshi proposed). 

5. THE PaLEonroLoaist, No. 2, pp. 9-16, CINcINNATI, SEPT. 14, 1878. 

The following species of Bryozoa are described: Chatetes Lycoperdon, C. petro- 
politanus, C. turbinatum, Callopora milfordensis, Ceramopora whitei, and C. 
radians. 

6. THE PaLeonto.oaist, No. 3, pp. 17-24, Crncrnnati, JAN. 15, 1879. 

Describes the following species which are now regarded as Bryozoa: Stroma- 
topora ? lichenoides, Fistulipora siluriana, Chetetes minutus, C. crustulatus, 
C. lycopodites, Ptilodictya nodosa, P. platyphylla, Escharina distorta, and 
Sagenella striata. 

. THE PaLEonroLoaist, No. 4, pp. 25-32, Cincinnati, Juty 10, 1878. 

No Bryozoa are described in this number, which includes a ‘‘SSupplement to 
Catalogue of Lower Silurian Fossils of the Cincinnati Group.’”’ Under the 
headings of Polypi and Polyzoa, this supplement lists the species of Bryo- 
zoa and in some cases indicates the synonymy. 

8. THr PALEoNTOLOGIST, No. 5, pr. 33-44, CrncrnNATI, JUNE 10, 1881. 

In this number the following Bryozoa are described: Monticulipora (Chx- 
tetes) whitfieldi, M. (C.) meeki, M. (C.) varians, Dekayia maculata, Ptilodictya 
antiqua, P. cleavelandi, P. kentuckyensis, P. clintonensis, P. ? cincinnatiensis, 
P. grahami, P. dubia, and P. teres. 


~I 


4 


* 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 5 


9. THe Patronrotoaist, No. 6, pp. 45-56, CINncINNATI, Serr. 12, 1882. 

This number is devoted entirely to species at Monticulipora and contains 
descriptions of both the external and internal features of the following: 
Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) clintonensis, M. (H.) circularis, M. (H.) onealli ? 
var. communis, M. (H. ?) eccentrica, M. (H.) winchelli, M. (H. ?) cleave- 
landi, M. (Monotrypa) wortheni, M. (M.) welchi, M. (M. ?) subfusiformis, 
and M. (M.) dychei. 

10. Tar PaLEontoxoaist, No. 7, pp. 57-59, pis. I, U, CINCINNATI, APRIL 16, 1883. 

Describes Monticulipora kentuckensis and Helopora harrisi. 

The plates contain rough sketches of the Bryozoa described in this and the pre- 
ceding number of the Paleontologist. These figures are of little or no value 
in the identification of the species. 

All of the above references are to pamphlets published privately by 
Mr. James. Some writers, notably Mr. S. A. Miller in his North 
American Geology and Paleontology, have ignored these pamphlets 
altogether, mainly because of their obscure mode of publication, but 
also because many of the species are *‘not defined so as to be recog- 
nized.” Other writers have adopted some of Mr. James’s specific 
names and rejected others, but inasmuch as all of these papers fill the 
requirements of publication, there is no reason for ignoring the work 
as a whole, no matter how difficult it may be to recognize the species 
described. The A. O. U. Code of Nomenclature states that ‘* Publi- 
cation consists in the public sale or distribution of printed matter, 
books, pamphlets, or plates” (Canon XLVI), but recommends that 
authors avoid publishing in obscure pamphlets of limited circulation. 
The Paleontologist, although certainly of the class to be avoided, must 
be recognized under the rules since copies were distributed to some 
extent by the author, and were also placed on sale at his book store in 
Cincinnati, where they may still be obtained. 

The following references are to articles appearing in the proceed- 
ings of a well established scientific society, and hence there is no ques- 
tion in regard to their recognition as publications: 

11. Descriptions oF THREE SpEcIES OF Fosstts. JouRNAL Cincinnati Soctety Natu- 
RAL History, VII, 1884, pp. 21-24. 

Describes and gives fairly good illustrations of two bryozoa, Fistulipora oweni 
and Ceramopora ? beani. 

12. Descriptions oF Four New Species or Fossits FROM THE CINCINNATI GROUP. 
JouRNAL Cincinnati Socrety Natura History, VII, 1884, pp. 137-139, pu. vir. 

Describes and illustrates two new bryozoa, Monticulipora ohioensis and M. 

falesi. The article also includes descriptions and figures-of more or less 


weathered examples of Ceramoporella, which are referred to, Stromatopora 
under the name of S. tubularis and S. Ludlowensis. 


U. P. JAMES AND J. F. JAMES. 


13. ON THE MonTICULIPOROID CORALS OF THE CINCINNATE GROUP, WITH A CRITICAL 
REVISION OF THE SPECIES. JOURNAL CINCINNATI Soctery or Naturat Hisrory, 
MAND OM. 

Parr 1, VotuME X, 1887, pr. 118-141. 
Part 2, VotuME X, 1888, pp. 158-184, PL. 1 
Part 3, VotuME XI, 1888, pr. 15-47, PL. 1. 


The three installments by U. P. and J. F. James noted above were 
bound together and distributed by their authors under the title of 


, 


_ 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Monograph of the Monticuliporoid Corals of the Cincinnati Group. 
In this monograph external characters alone are employed in dis 
tinguishing species, and as a result the specific synonomy given isa 
revelation. The various monticuliporoid genera and subgenera pro- 
posed, particularly those by Nicholson and Ulrich, are made synonyms 
of either Hall’s Ceramopora or D’Orbigny’s MMonticulipora. Only 
Dekayia Edwards and Haime, Constellaria Dana, and Fistulipora 
McCoy are recognized, and these only as subgenera of MWonticulipora. 
The correct placing of some of the synonymous genera seems to have 
troubled the authors. For example, Crepipora and Chiloporella are 
first placed as synonyms of Ceramopora and Monticulipora, respect- 
ively, but in the last installment the authors decide that the subgenus 
Fistulipora is the proper name with which to make them synonymous. 
However, even this is not final, as later in the same paper Crepipora 
is again made a synonym ot Ceramopora. 

The synonymy of species is on a par with the generic work, as may 
be illustrated by one of many examples. Callopora cincinnatiensis and 
Chiloporella flabellata of Ulrich are considered synonyms of J/onticu- 
lipora nicholsoni James, the two synonyms being founded, according 
to James and James, ‘* upon slightly worn specimens.” It happens, 
however, that Callopora cincinnatiensis is founded upon well-pre- 
served specimens of Loclema occidens (Hall and Whitfield) from the 
Upper Devonian of Iowa, and, as admitted by Ulrich,“ was erroneously 
recorded as coming from Cincinnati. 

No new species are described in these articles, but many of the 
James species are figured on the two plates. These figures, especially 
the illustrations of the surface characters of the various species, are 
misleading and in many cases are quite unlike the specimens they are 
said to represent. For example, contiguous angular, polygonal zocecia, 
such as are exhibited by the specimens called Monticulipora turbinata, 
are represented as more or less irregularly rounded and separated by 
a space of varying diameter, with here and there a rounded mesopore 
interpolated. 

This series of articles appearing several years after Nicholson’s excel- 
lent volume The Genus Monticulipora, can not be excused on the 
ground of pioneer work. Instead of marking an advance upon work 
in the Paleontologist, the monograph is very much inferior to the 
earlier publication, and instead of being the promised aid to the stu- 
dent, the articles are positively confusing and detrimental to progress. 


JOSEPH F. JAMES. 


14. MANUAL OF THE PALEONTOLOGY OF THE CINCINNATI GROUP. JOURNAL CINCINNATI 
Socrety oF Natura History, X V-X VIII. 

VoLuME XV, 1893, pp. 144-159. 

VotumE XVI, 1894, pp. 178-208, 

VotumE XVIII, 1895, pr. 67-88. 

VotumME XVIII, 1896, pre. 115-140. 


a Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 427. 


= 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. (é 


—s 


This series of articles differs from the preceding in its less critical 
tone and iconoclastic spirit. The synonymy is considerably modified, 
more species now being recognized as valid. The same specific group- 
ing according to zoarial growth is followed, but the author has appar- 
ently modified his views as to the value of internal characters, since 
these are now noted in his descriptions. The work was left unfinished 
by the death of the author. 


LAWS OF NOMENCLATURE. 


In order to avoid repetition in the descriptive portion of this work, 
the writer has selected and quoted below such laws of nomenclature 
as will be found to have special application to the James species. 
These are given as published in the Code of Nomenclature adopted by 
the American Ornithologists’ Union (New York, 1892), and it is 
believed that the canons quoted cover all the cases afforded by the 
James bryozoan species. 


OF THE RETENTION OF NAMES. - 


Canon XX XII.—A nomen nudum, generic or specific, may be adopted by a subse- 
quent author, but the name takes both its date and authority from the time when, 
and from the author by whom, the name becomes clothed with significance by being 
properly defined and published. 


OF THE REJECTION OF NAMES, 


Canon XX XIV.—A nomen nudum is to be rejected as haying no status in nomen- 
clature. . 

Canon XXX VI.—A name resting solely on an inadequate diagnosis is to be rejected, 
on the ground that it is indeterminable and therefore not properly defined. 

Canon X XX TX.—A name which has never been clearly defined in some published 
work is to be changed for the earliest name by which the object shall have been so 
defined, if such name exist; otherwise a new name is to be provided, or the old name 
may be properly defined and retained, its priority and authority to date from the 
time and author so defining it. 


OF THE DEFINITION OF NAMES. 


Canon X LITI.—The basis of a specific or subspecific name is either (1) an identifi- 
able published description, or (2) a recognizable published figure or plate, or (3) the 
original type specimen or specimens, absolutely identified as the type or types of the 
species or subspecies in question; but in no case is a type specimen to be accepted as 
the basis of a specific or subspecific name, when it radically disagrees with or is con- 
tradictory to the characters given in the diagram or description based upon it. 

Canon XLV.—Absolute identification is requisite in order to displace a modern 
current name by an older obscure one. 


OF THE PUBLICATION OF NAMES. 


Canon XL VII.—Publication consists in the public sale or distribution of printed 
matter—books, pamphlets, or plates. 


& PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


CLASSIFICATION OF ORDOVICIAN STRATA IN THE VICINITY OF 
CINCINNATI, OHIO. 


Various classifications of the Cincinnati rocks have been proposed 
from time to time, but reference to most of these is unnecessary, 
especially since the subject was ably discussed and reviewed by Nick- 
les in 1902.¢ At that time this author indicated all of the divisions of 
the Cincinnatian series, but applied names only to the various beds of 
the Lorraine. Ina subsequent paper’ he named the divisions of the 
Richmond group. More recently Foerste “ has proposed several new 
names as well as a few changes. 

The classification presented below is one now in preparation for 
publication by Mr. E. O. Ulrich of the U. 5. Geological Survey and 
the writer, and will be employed for mapping purposes in the Cincin- 
natiarea. As the publication of this article may be delayed, departures 
from the classifications of Nickles and Foerste, and the new terms are 
briefly discussed below. The thickness of the various divisions is 
indicated by giving their range in height above low-water mark-in 
the Ohio River, starting at a point where the lowest beds are exposed, 
namely, at West Covington, or at Bromley, Kentucky, and suppos- 
ing that the rocks are horizontal. The heights mentioned are thus 
only relative and this method is introduced here mainly because it was 
employed by Mr. James and most of the other Cincinnati paleontolo- 
gists in locating the horizon of their fossils. 


Approxi- 
mate height 
Formation : in feet above 
(mapable units). Members. low-water 
mark in Ohio 


River. 
Naludaye a eases ens ee Meee Ray Sasa ae = 665-700 
Whitewater: 6323222. os soe eee ee ee 625-665 
a {Richmond group - .------ Libertys sso. = Sc245 oe eae eee 590-625 
-s | ¥aynesvte oe ea beet eee ee 540-590 
i Arnheim | 2242 4-12 Se echt cee eee ae 460-540 
= Mt. Aubums.224.0: 425-460 
= MeMillan.._.....---- [Corrie Pian see 390-425 
A Bellevues st. = oe 375-390 
g Hin ctedy eit ect lmede SPaLMOUNES coe = 325-375 
© (Covington group -.-..--- \Mt; Hoperesiis05 280-325 
MecMickenes. 222 =" 220-280 
Bdets 2322.0 05 sees is NUNN aVec: 1 We eee re ee 100-220 
ECONOMY sesso 50-100 
Utica." 22 5= eeeeeee Fulltion2 ans ee 45— 50 
es eG Ree fPoint Pleasant: se 5s-seeoeeee ae eae 30— 45 
Mire SoC A ee (Bromley o23.5.65heeeede ee ee 0- 30 


«The Geology of Cincinnati. Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, 1902, pp. 
49-101. 

b American Geologist, XX XII, 1908, pp. 202-218. 

Science, XXII, 1905, No. 558, pp. 149-152. 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 9 


Bromley. —This name is applied to the series of drab to dark blue 
shales underlying the Trenton limestone outcropping along the Ohio 
River bank opposite Cincinnati. These shales are about 30 feet in 
thickness and are well exposed along the river just below Bromley, 
Kentucky. The characteristic fossils are trilobite remains and 
form of Dalmanella, both of which occur in comparative abundance, 
although other fossils are rare. This division is probably the equiva- 
lent of the Hermitage formation of Tennessee. 

Point Pleasant.—The strata to which this name was applied by 
Prof. Edward Orton are represented in the vicinity of Cincinnati by 
the Trenton limestone overlying the Bromley shales. Here, on account 
of erosion preceding the deposition of the Utica, these limestones are 
not more than 25 feet thick, but at the type locality a considerable 
thickness is added to the top. Aridotrypa briareus is the most charac- 
teristic fossil, and the strata represent probably the whole of the 
Bigby and Cattiey: of Tennessee. 

Covington group.—This term is proposed to embrace all the strata 
in the Cincinnati area from the top of the Trenton to the base of the 
Richmond. It thus includes the Utica and Lorraine of previous 
authors. 

Fulton.—The typical Utica is represented along the Ohio River by 
only a few feet (seldom more than 5) of dark gray or drab colored 
shales which contrast very distinctly with the overlying Eden shales. 
These strata are well exhibited along the Ohio River bank at Fulton, 
the old name for the eastern part of Cincinnati. Triarthrus beck, 
Leptobolus insignis, graptolites and other typical Utica fossils are 
abundant. 

Eden.—The Eden shales of Professor Orton may be divided into three 
members well marked both faunally and lithologically. Hitherto these 
have been indicated by the divisions lower, middle, and upper Utica, 
with the exception that the lower Utica has included both the mem- 
bers here called Economy and Fulton. 

Economy.—This term, the old name of the village now known as 
West Covington, Kentucky, is applied to the lower division of the 
Eden. About 50 feet of blue shales and limestones comprise this 
member, which is distinguished faunally by a large number of bryozoa, 
the characteristic species being Coeloclema commune, Crepipora venusta, 
and several forms of Aspidopora. 

Southgate.—The middle Eden beds are well exposed just south of 
Newport and Covington, Kentucky, particularly in the vicinity of 
Southgate, so that the latter name may be employed to distinguish 
them. This division consists of about 120 feet of blue to yellow shales, 
with fewer limestones than in the rest of the Eden. The lower beds 
of this member contain a considerable number of gastropods and pele- 
eypods, while throughout the entire member, Ctenobolbina ciliata, 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Aspidopora eccentrica, ad Butostona james’ are particularly abundant 
and characteristic. 

Mc Micken.—The upper third of the Eden consists of about 60 feet 
of highly calcareous and extremely fossiliferous shales and limestones 
holding the bryozoan. Dekuyella ulricht in great abundance. Good 
exposures occur along MeMicken avenue, Cincinnati, whence the 
name for the division. 

Fairview.—Nickles’s divisions of Mount Hope and Fairmount, 
although useful for detailed work, are so closely related faunally and 
distinguished with such difficulty that for mapping purposes the term 
Fairview, from Fairview Heights at Cincinnati, is here proposed to 
embrace both. The Fairview formation is about 100 feet thick, and is 
the equivalent in part of the ** Hill quarry beds” of Professor Orton. 

MeMillan.—The Bellevue, Corryville, and Mt. Auburn members 
are closely related and not of sufficient importance to be mapped 
separately. The three are here recognized as members of the new 
formation, the McMillan, from the street of that name at Cincinnati, 
along which the 85 feet of strata comprising this formation are fairly 
well exposed. 

Arnheim.—Nickles’s term Warren being preoccupied, the new name 
Arnheim was proposed“ for this division, which here is considered a 
part of the Richmond group rather than of the Lorraine, as hitherto 
placed. Excellent exposures of these strata are found in the vicinity 
of Oregonia and Lebanon, Ohio. 


DISCUSSION OF SPECIES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER. 


In many cases the James type lots contain such a variety of speci- 
mens, or are so involved in other respects, that it has seemed best to 
discuss in alphabetical order not only Mr. James’s own species but 
also those of which his forms have proved to be synonyms. In order 
to facilitate reference to any particular form, this discussion of species 
is followed by an index. The synonymy of some of the species is so 
extended that for the sake of space, only that part of it essential to 
this paper is given. The complete synonymy is presented in Bulletin 
U.S. Geological Survey, No. 173. 

ALECTO NEXILIS James. 
Alecto nexilis JAMES, Intr. Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 3. 

Original description.—** Polyzoary attached to branches of coral, 
consisting of thread-like tubes anastomosing closely, resembling’ fine 
network, with 7 or 8 meshes in the space of a line; the little circular 
mouths are raised and at irregular distances, varying from one-eighth 
to one-sixteenth of a line apart. 


“ Foerste, Science, X XII, 1905, No. 553, p. 151. 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. ata 


uneven, cylindrical branched coral, from one-fourth to three-eighths 
of an inch in diameter. 

** Found at Cincinnati, about 400 feet above low water of the Ohio 
River.” 

The above description would lead one to believe that the form 
under consideration was a very small species of Stomatopora incrust- 
ing foreign objects. The type specimen, however, is not incrusting, 
but is a solid ramose bryozoan belonging to the species later named 
by Ulrich and described by Nicholson as Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) 
implicata, now referred to the genus Batostoma. James's description 
was based upon the surface of this -highly acanthopored species, his 
network or meshes being formed by the zocecial walls and the large 
perforated acanthopores representing the ‘‘little circular mouths.” 
The name Alecto newilis, therefore, has no standing since it rests on 
an inadequate diagnosis and the species will take the name given by 
Nicholson, this being the first by which the object was clearly defined. 
Nicholson accredits the species to Ulrich, but this is incorrect because, 
although Ulrich did first recognize the species as distinct, his name of 
Chaetetes implicatus published in a catalogue is merely a nomen nudum. 

Batostoma implicatum is quite an abundant fossil in the Eden shale 
at Cincinnati and vicinity, but in no instance, to the best of the writer's 
knowledge, has it been found in beds above the top of this formation 
(about 280 feet above low water in the Ohio River). James’s reference 
of his Alecto nevilis to the 400-foot level (Corryville bed) is therefore 
probably incorrect. 


AMPLEXOPORA DISCOIDEA (Nicholson). 


Ne 


Chaetetes discoideus James, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati group, 1871, p. 4. (Named 
but not defined. ) 

Chaetetes discoideus NicHouson, Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXX, 1874, p. 
511, pl. xxx, figs. 44d. 

Chaetetes discoideus Nicnouson, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 206, pl. xx1, 
figs. 15-15e. 

Monticulipora ( Monotrypa) discoidea Nicnouson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 
1938, pl. rv, figs. 3-3f. 

Monticulipora discoidea JAmMes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 163.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 178. 

Amplexopora discoidea Uuricu, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 255. 


Nicholson accredits this species to James, but inasmuch as the latter 
named it without definition, Chactetes discoideus James is a nomen 
nudum. The James types of Chactetes discoideus include, in addition 
to the well-known form described by Nicholson under the same name, 
specimens of Amplexopora petasiformis (Nicholson) and Aspidopora 
newberryt (Nicholson) from the Eden shale, Prasopora hospitalis 
(Nicholson) from the Richmond group, and several undetermined spe- 
cies ranging in time from the Eden to the Richmond. These various 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


species agree in one character only, namely, the discoid method of 
growth. 

Amplexopora discoidea is readily recognized by its discoid habit of 
growth, absence of mesopores and by rather numerous acanthopores 
and diaphragms. 

Occurrence.—A. characteristic fossil of the Fairmount member of 
the Covington group at Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. 


AMPLEXOPORA FILIOSA (D’Orbigny). 
Plate III, figs. 1-3. 


Monticulipora filiasa D’ OrBIGNY, Prodr. de Pal., I, 1850, p. 25. 
Leptotrypa filiosa ULricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 456, pl. xxxv1, figs. 
(, fa. 

Monticulipora filiasa JAMes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, 
p. 162.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV. 18938, p. 158. 
Amplexopora filiosa Nickues and Bassuger, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 

1900, p. 164. 
Monticulipora subcylindrica (U. P. James, Ms.) J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. 
Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1896, p. 123, fig. 13a-c. 

The type lot of James’s Monticulipora subcylindrica consists of two 
specimens, one of which is an example of Dekayella ulrichi and the 
other—the one from which his illustrations were prepared—proves 
to be the same as Amplexopora jiliosa (D’Orbigny). Under the cir- 
cumstances, only the figured specimen should or can be considered as 
the type of James’s species. As this is an unquestionable example of 
A, jiliosa, a species described long before by D’Orbigny and well 
known to Cincinnati collectors, James’s Jf subeylindrica naturally 
falls into synonymy under A. f/zosa. The unfigured specimen resem- 
bles the figured type only in that it is a thick subeylindrical stem. In 
all other respects it differs decidedly and shows the characters of 
Dekayella ulrichi. (Plate II, figs. 3, 4.) The figured specimen differs 
from the ordinary masses of Amplexopora jiliosa merely in this, that 
in growing over and completely covering an Orthoceras it finally 
assumed a subcylindrical shape. This is not an unusual occurrence, 
though the majority of specimens are irregularly massive or hemi- 
spheric in shape. J. F. James has illustrated the internal characters 
of the specimen regarded as the type of his species, but thin sections 
of the same prepared by the writer show that his figures are not only 
misleading but also incorrect. On Plate III of this paper the views 
presented by these thin sections have been carefully drawn. 

Amplexopora filiosa is a characteristic and not uncommon fossil 
‘ranging from the Fairmount to and through the Corryville members 
throughout the Ohio Basin, and may readily be recognized by its mas- 
Sive zoaria, monticulated surface, thin-walled polygonal zocecia and 
absence of mesopores. The size of the zoarium in specimens seen by 
the writer has varied from lumps less than 25 mm, in diameter to 


a 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. Le 


dome-shaped masses 400 mm. wide and 200 to 300 mm. in height. 


The surface is generally monticulated, the monticules usually being 


low and rounded but sometimes strongly elevated and sharply pointed. 
Nine of the ordinary zocecia may be counted in a distance of 2 mm. 
Acanthopores are present in the successive mature zones, but are sel- 
dom readily noticeable at the surface. 

The internal characters of this species are unusually well marked 
and constant. A vertical section shows that the zoarium is made up 
of successive zones distinguished by variations in tabulation and other 
respects. Often the zones are separated by clay-filled interspaces, 
but in most cases the zocecial tubes are practically continuous through- 
out a zoarium. In such specimens the individual zones can only be 
distinguished by the alternate development of immature and mature 
regions. In each of the successive immature regions the zocecia have 
thin walls and few or no acanthopores. Diaphragms are present but 
are separated from each other by distances varying from 1 to 2 
tube diameters. This region passes upward, sometimes abruptly but 
more commonly rather gradually, into the mature region in which the 
walls are considerably thickened, small acanthopores developed in 
large numbers, and the diaphragms increased in number so that two or 
even three occur in a distance equal to their own diameter. An occa- 
sional curved or funnel-shaped diaphragm, like those frequently seen 
in the typical species of the genus, also may be observed in the mature 
region. Tangential sections passing through the mature zone bring 
out especially the character separating the genus Amplexopora from 
the otherwise quite similar group recently named Cyphotrypa. This 
is, namely, the presence of a central black line separating the walls of 
adjoining zocecia. In the latter genus the zocecial walls are so amal- 
gamated that their boundaries can not be distinguished, the central 
portion being clear or light colored. The zocecia in the immature 
region have such thin walls that sections show no structural features. 

Occurrence. —Fairmount, Bellevue, and Corryville members of the 
Covington group at many localities in the Ohio Basin. Cincinnati, 
Ohio, is the type locality for both D’Orbigny’s and James’s specimens. 


AMPLEXOPORA PETASIFORMIS-WELCHI (James). 


Mohticulipora (Monotrypa) welchi James, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 50; No. 7, 
1883, pl. 1, figs. 44. 

Monticulipora petasiformis var. welchi JAMes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. 
Nat. Hist., X, 1888, p. 169.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XVI, 1894, p. 187. 

Amplexopora petasiformis-welchi NickLEs and Basser, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 
No. 178, 1900, p. 165. 


This variety differs from A. petas/formis only in the shape of the 
zoarium, which tends to assume a subramose or ramose growth instead 
of the usual hat-shaped masses. Variety welchi is of interest mainly 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


in that it bridges the gap between the typical ramose species of Amplexo- 
pora and the massive forms, such as A. jiliosa or A. petasiformis. 
Occurrence.—Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. 


ARTHROPORA CINCINNATIENSIS (James). 
Plate IV, fig. 7. 
Ptilodictya ? cineinnatiensis James, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 39. 


This is one of the Cincinnatian species of Avthropora, a genus of 
bifoliate bryozoa characterized by its regularly and frequently jointed 
zoaria. In its zocecial structure the species is very similar to the 
abundant A. shaffer’ (Meek), but the respective zoarial peculiarities of 
the two forms are so constant and evident as to justify their recogni- 
tion as distinct species. James gave a fairly good description of his 
species, a part of which is quoted below, and his diagnosis, together 
with the figure of the type presented on Plate IV, will probably serve 
for its ready identification. 

Original description.—* Polyzoary , consisting of sub- 
cylindrical, or cylindrical stems, giving off lateral branches from half 
a line to one line apart at an angle, generally of about 45 degrees; 
branches varying in length from half a line to over one line; diameter 
of stems about half a line. The pores vary from long oval to subcir- 
cular in shape, and are arranged in alternating rows, three or four in 
the space of half a line measuring their longer diameter (longitudi- 
nally), and nearly twice that number transversely; separated, generally, 
about their own diameter apart. * * * ” 

Compared with Arthropora cleavelandi (James) with which A. cin- 
cinnatiensis agrees most nearly in growth, the latter may be distin- 
guished by its smaller, nearly cylindrical and proportionally stouter 
branches, while in zocecial structure it differs in having decidedly 
broader interzocecial spaces, causing the zocecial apertures to be much 
smaller. A. shaffer? agrees better in the external appearance of its 
zocecia, but differs decidedly in the greater size of its segments and in 
their broader, relatively shorter, more frequent, and compressed 
lateral branches. 

Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the lowermost strata of the Mount 
Hope member at Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. 


x * & 


ARTHROPORA CLEAVELANDI (James). 
Plate III, figs. 13-16; plate IV, fig. 6. 


Ptilodictya cleavelandi JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 38. 

Arthropora shafferi-cleavelandi NickiEs and Basser, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., 
No. 173, 1900, p. 171. 

Ptilodictya grahami James, Paleontologist, No.5, 1881, p. 39. 

Ptilodictya dubia JAMEs, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 40. 


Ptilodictya cleavelandi James, as shown by the type, is founded 
upon segments of a rather well-marked species of Arthropora occur- 


— 


' 


"No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 15 


ring abundantly throughout the various subdivisions of the Eden 
shale. The species is characterized by slender, generally nonbifur- 
cating segments (in consequence of which the complete zoarium must 
have consisted of comparatively only a few rigid branches), and by 
the numerousand small lateral branchlets springing out at nearly right 
angles from the main stem. The segments are usually found sepa- 
rated, specimens retaining more than a sequence of two or three being 
extremely rare. In length they vary but little from the average of 
7mm. The basal segment is bifurcated and drawn outacuminately below. 

The types of P. grahami and P. dubia agree exactly in their zoce- 
cial characters with those of P. cleavelandi and differ from the last only 
in each having a long striated pointed base and fewer or no lateral 
branchlets. As here interpreted these three supposed species are 
founded in two cases upon nothing further than basal segments and 
in the third case upon the upper segments of one and the same species 
of Arthropora, for which the name cleaveland? is adopted and the other 
two rejected. 

Occurrence. 


Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. 
ARTHROPORA KENTUCKYENSIS (James). 
Plate IV, fig. 5. 


Ptilodictya kentuckyensis James, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 38. 
Compare Arthropora bifurcata Utricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Final 
Rep., ILI, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 178, pl. x1v, figs. 22-25. 

The types of Ptilodictya kentuckyensis James consist of two frag- 
mentary examples of a species of Avthropora, which may prove to be 
closely related to the Minnesota Black River form described by Ulrich“ 
as Arthropora bifurcata. Better and more complete examples are 
necessary before this relationship can be determined with certainty. 
In the meantime both James’s and Ulrich’s names may be recognized 
as valid. James’s type specimens differ from other species of Arthro- 
pora in having exceptionally narrow interzocecial spaces. This charac- 
ter, if constant, may very well be regarded as of specific importance. 

The jointed, bifoliate zoarium will distinguish A. hentuchyensis from 
all associated bryozoa. With the exception of A. b¢furcata, the other 
species of Arthropora are too different to require comparison. 

Occurrence.—Bromley shale of the Trenton, Ohio River bank oppo- 
site Cincinnati, Ohio, in strata 10 or 15 feet above low watermark. 


ARTHROSTYLUS TENUIS (James). 


Helopora tenuis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 3. ‘ 
Arthronema tenuis Unricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 160, pl. 
vi, figs. 8-8c. 


Arthrostylus tenwis Utricu, Geol, and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final Rept., IT, 
Pt. 1, 1893, pl. mz, fig. 16¢. 


@Geol. and Nat, Hist. Sury. Minn., Final Rep., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 178. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Although the original description of this fine species is incorrect in | 


several details, the study of the types shows that it was correctly 
identified and well illustrated by Ulrich in 1882.¢ 

The zoarium is jointed, but specimens showing the segments still in 
connection are not common. The segments are very slender, straight, 
needle-shaped rods, about 5 mm. in length, slightly expanding toward 
the obtusely rounded upper extremity. The latter articulates with 
the pointed lower ends of generally two succeeding segments, the 
complete zoarium appearing to consist of extremely delicate and regu- 
larly bifurcating branches. Cross sections of a segment are subquad- 
rangular in shape, three of the sides being concave and equal in width, 
while the fourth side is slightly convex and half again as wide. Each 
of the three equal sides bears a row of zocecia, while 6 to 8 longitudi- 
nal strive mark the fourth side. The zocecial apertures are oval, and 
when perfect have a delicate and prominent equally elevated rim; 9 
zocecia in 2 mm. . 

The small slender segments of A. fenwis with the three equal cellu- 
liferous sides and the broader, striated, noncelluliferous fourth side 
are so different from the zoaria of all other bryozoa in the Cincin- 
natian series that comparison is not necessary. 

Not uncommon throughout the Eden shale at Cincin- 
nati and vicinity. James’s type is from the lower division (Economy 
member) where specimens are particularly abundant. 


Occurrence. 


ASPIDOPORA CALYCULA (James.) 
Plate I, figs. 8-i0. 


Lichenalia ? calycula James, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1871, p. 5 (not 
defined) . 

Chitetes ? calyculus JAMES, Introd. Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 1. 

Monticulipora (Diplotrypa) calycula Nicnouson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 
165, pl. iv, figs. 4-4). p 

Monticulipora calycula J AMES and J Amks, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, 
p. 167.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 184. 

Aspidopora calycula Utricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sury., Minnesota, Final Rept., 
III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 255. 

Most of the characters of this species have been so well described 
and illustrated by Nicholson that its identification is a matter of little 
difficulty. New figures of the internal structure are introduced here 
partly to show the identity of James’s types with the form described 
by Nicholson, but mainly to give a better illustration of a vertical 
section than has been published heretofore. In the vertical section 
figured by Nicholson the zoarium is cut in such a way that a false idea 
of the internal features is presented. Such sections, in order to bring 
out the essential characters, should cut the zoarium at right angles to 
the growing edge. A. ca/ycula, when sectioned in this way, shows 


“Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Final Report, III, Pt. 1, 1893, pl. mm, fig. 16e. + 


ir =! 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. tT 


that an immature zone is present as in nearly all Paleozoic bryozoa, 
but this region is so short that it will not be noticed unless the section 
is made in the manner indicated above. Numerous acanthopores and 
closely tabulated mesopores are developed in the mature region, while 
each zocecium generally shows a single large cystiphragm occupying 
the bend from the immatnre to the mature region. Rarely a second 
and even a third may be developed above the first. 

Aspidopora calycula is the only described species of the genus 
occurring in the particular strata in which it is found, while from 
associated bryozoa the discoid zoarium with numerous mesopores and 
acanthopores and the zocecial tubes with large cystiphragms will serve 
as a ready means of separation. 

Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the Bromley shale of the Trenton, 
exposed along the Ohio River bank opposite Cincinnati, Ohio. 

ASPIDOPORA ECCENTRICA (James). 
Plate Fl, figs. 8-12; plate V, figs. 7, 8. 

Montieulipora (Heterotrypa?) eccentrica JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 48; 
No. 7, pl. 1, figs. 6, 6a. 

Monticulipora eccentrica JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 167, pl. 1, figs. 2a-c.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XVI, 1894, p. 185. 

Aspidopora eccentrica Utricu, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sury., Minnesota, Final Rept., 
IIL, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 255. 

Zoarium a small, free, subcircular expansion averaging 4 mm. in 
diameter and 1 mm. or less in thickness. Occasionally several of these 
disks may be found in contact and forming a zoarium as in A. areolata 
Ulrich. Celluliferous face smooth, slightly convex, and ‘showing that 
the zoarium is composed of a single macula surrounded by zocecia of 
the normal size. Under surface flat or concave and lined with an epithe- 
cal membrane whose wrinkles or lines of growth are arranged about a 
point nearer the margin than the center of the base. Zocecial aper- 
tures rounded or ovate, the average diameter of the ordinary zocecium 
0.3 mm. with 6 in 2 mm. while the largest zocecia of the macule attain 
a diameter half againas great. Mesopores rather numerous, 6 usually 
surrounding a zocecium and occupying the fnterspaces left by the zocecia 
where their walls fail to touch. Acanthopores few and small and sel- 
dom detected either in sections or on the specimens. 

The internal characters of this form differ but little from other 
species of the genus. The large, elongate but few cystiphragms and 
the absence of diaphragms characterize the zocecial tubes while the 
mesopores are, as usual in this genus, closely tabulated. 

This neat little species can readily be recognized by its small subcir- 
cular zoarium and the eccentric wrinkles of the epithecated side. The 
species seems to be restricted to the middle division of the Eden shale 
in the Cincinnati area. Washings from certain shale beds will often 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 2 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


yield hundreds of free examples while the limestone layers sometimes 
show an abundance of specimens on their surfaces. The best develop- 
ment of the species at Cincinnati occurs in the shales at a horizon 170 
feet above low water mark in the Ohio River. 

Occurrence.—Southgate member of the Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio, 
and vicinity. 


BATOSTOMA VARIANS (James). 


Chaetetes varians JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 2. 

Monticulipora ( Chaetetes) varians JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 36. 

Monticulipora varians JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 177, pl. 1, figs. 4a, b.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XV 1, 18945. 199: 

Batostoma varians NicKuEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geological Survey, No. 173, 
1900, p. 179. 

Batostoma variabile (part) Utricu, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 460, pl. 
xxxV, figs. 4b-4e (not 4, 4a, 5, or pl. xxxv1, fig. 1). 

The earliest description of this species was suflicient for its recog- 
nition especially since it was compared with Chaetetes (now Batostoma) 
jamest Nicholson, of which good figures and a description had appeared 
some years before. James’s description of 1881 also gives a fair idea 
of the form and comparisons with the related B. james. Ulrich’s defi- 
nition and figures of Latostoma variabile” prove upon further investiga- 
tion to be founded upon at least two distinct species of Batostoma, one 
of which as indicated above is synonymous with ZB. varians, while the 
second is here recognized and redefined as B. variabile. The geological 
occurrence of the two species is quite different, B. varians ranging 
from the Arnheim formation to and through the Whitewater forma- 
tion of the Richmond group, and 4. variabile being a characteristic 
fossil of the uppermost beds of the same group. 

Comparing B. varians with B. james’, the former is found to have 
thin-walled, angular, instead of oval, thick-walled zocecia, few and 
irregularly placed instead of numerous mesopores, fewer diaphragms, 
and a lobate or subfrondescent zoarium instead of a regularly ramose 
one as in the latter species. For good figures of both the internal and 
external characters of B. varians, the student is referred to those 
mentioned above under the citation of B. vwariabile. 

Occurrence. —Abundant in the Arnheim, Waynesville, Liberty, and 
Whitewater formations of the Richmond group in Ohio, Indiana, and 
Kentucky. 


BATOSTOMA VARIABILE Ulrich (restricted). 


Plate VII, figs. 9, 10. 
Batostoma variabile (part) Uuricu, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 460, pl. 
XXXvV, fig. 5; pl. xxxvi, fig. 1 (not pl. xxxv, figs. 44-4e= B. varians). 
As mentioned in the remarks under the preceding species, Ulrich’s 
Batostoma variabile includes at least two distinct forms, one of which 


@Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 460. 


| 


: 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 19 


is the same as Latostoma varians (James), while the second is a good 
species of the same genus. The writer proposes to restrict the spe- 
cies Batostoma variabile to the second form. Illustrations of the 
external features of this form have already been published by Ulrich, 
as cited above, and figures of the internal structure are given on Plate 
VII of this article. 

B. variabile, as thus restricted, forms robust, cylindrical or subecom- 
pressed usually infrequently dividing stems, 10 mm. or more in diam- 
eter. The surface of the zoarium is smooth but maculze of conspicu- 
ously larger zocecia are present. The zocecia are thin-walled and 
angular at the surface with mesopores practically absent. Below the 
surface the zocecial walls are so thickened by deposits of tissue along 
their sides that a tangential section through this region gives a 
rounded aspect to the apertures. Six to seven of the ordinary zocecia 
occur in2 mm. Acanthopores sometimes large and occupying all the 
zocecial angles, but at other times not a conspicuous feature. Distribu- 
tion of diaphragms and other internal features as shown on Plate VII. 

Because of the absence of mesopores, this species shows with unu- 
sual distinctness in tangential sections, the black line separating the 
walls of contiguous zocecia, a characteristic feature of this as well as a 
number of other genera of the monticuliporoids. The large, smooth, 
ramose zoarium, angular contiguous zocecia, few mesopores, and con- 
spicuous clusters are characters sufficient to distinguish this form from 
other species of the genus. 

The specimens figured by Ulrich from the Richmond group at 
Savannah, Illinois (Plate XX XV, figs. 4, 4a, in the work cited above) 
can not be determined with certainty on account of their ill-preserved 
internal structure, but it is probable that they belong to neither of 
the two species under discussion. 

Occurrence. —Uppermost beds of Richmond group at a number of 
localities in Indiana and Ohio. The types which are in the collections 
of the U. 8. National Museum, were found in the vicinity of Osgood, 
Indiana. 


BYTHOPORA ARCTIPORA (Nicholson). 
Plate Il, figs. 1, 2. 
Ptilodictya ? arctipora NicHoutson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XV, 1875, p. 180, 
pl. xiv, figs. 4-45. 
Ptilodictya ? arctipora NicHouson, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 262, pl. xxv, 
figs. 9-9). 
Bythopora arctipora Mititer and Dysr, Contr. to Pal., No. 2, 1878, p. 6. 
Chetetes minutus JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 20. 

The types of Chaetetes minutus James consist of a number of speci- 
mens of asmall species of Bythopora. Carefully compared with other 
species of this genus, they all prove to be more or less youthful 
branches of the. same species of which Nicholson had previously 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. Kxexs 


described“ very old examples under the name Ptilodictya ? arctipora. 
This determination was quite unexpected since in their revision of the 
Monticuliporoids James and James, who might be expected to know 
the facts in the case and therefore were followed by Nickles and the 
writer,’ place C. minutus as a synonym of Monticulipora (now Bytho- 
pora) delicatula (Nicholson).° 

Occurrence.— Bythopora arctipora is a characteristic and very abun- 
dant fossil of all the divisions of the Eden shale in the Ohio basin. 
The types of C. minutus were found near Loveland, Clermont County, 
Ohio. 

BYTHOPORA DENDRINA (James). 


se dendrina JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 3 (July 2, 1878); No. 2, 
. . 
ae dendrina NicKLEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, 
p. 185. 
Bythopora fruticosa Miuuter and Dyer, Contr. to Pal., No. 2, 1878, p. 6. pl. rv, 
figs. 6, 6a (July 22, 1878). 

The type of /elopora dendrina does not belong to the James collec- 
tion and the following remarks are introduced here only to indicate 
the rather unusual history of the species. As indicated in the above 
synonymy, James’s species antedates B. fruticosa by only twenty days, 
but both names seem to be founded upon the same specimen. The 
specimen described by James was an unusually fine zoarium found by 
Mr. Charles Schuchert, who, after James’s description had been writ- 
ten, disposed of it to Mr. C. B. Dyer. The type of B. fruticosa came 
from Mr. Dyer’s collection, and apparently is the same specimen as 
that found by Mr. Schuchert, the result being that the two names have 
not only been founded upon the same species, but probably also upon 
the same specimen. 

B. dendrvina may be distinguished from other species of Bythopora 
by its frequently branching, slender stems; James’s description brings 
out the superficial characters even though unaccompanied by illustra- 
tion. 

Occurrence.—Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. 


BYTHOPORA GRACILIS (Nicholson. ) 


Chaetetes gracilis JaAMEs, Catal. Low. Sil. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1871, p. 3 
(named only). 

Chaetetes gracilis NICHOLSON, Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXX, 1874, p. 504, 
pl. xxrx, figs. 7, 7a; Geol. Surv. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 198, pl. xx1, figs. 
8, 8b. 

Monticutipora (Heterotrypa) gracilis Nicnotson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 
125, pl. nu, figs. 1-1b, and fig. 20. 


@Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p- 262. 

? Bull. U. 8. Geological Survey, No. 173, 1900, p. 184. 

« Chaetetes delicatulus Nicholson, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXX, 1874, 
p. 505, pl. xxix, figs, 8-8b. 


bo 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. ] 


Monticulipora gracilis JAMes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 175. 

Monticulipora gracilis J, F. James, Jour, Cincinnati Soc. Nat, Hist., XVI, 1894, 
p. 191. 

Batostomella gracilis Utricu, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 432, pl. xxxv, 
fig. 2. 

Bythopora gracilis Nickirs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, 
p- 185. 

This species among others was merely named by James but described 
and accredited to him by Nicholson. As in this and other similar 
cases, the James name is a nomen nudum, so that the real author of 
the species is Nicholson. The species has been well described and 
figured by Nicholson and Ulrich, and the student is referred to the 
works above cited for their detailed descriptions. 

Occurrence.—Abundant in the Fairview and McMillan formations 
throughout the Ohio Basin. The species is especially abundant in the 
Corryville member, many slabs from this division being covered with 
their white, smooth, narrow branches. 


BYTHOPORA MEEKI (James). 


Chaetetes meeki JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 1. 

Monticulipora (Chaetetes) meeki JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 35. 

Monticulipora gracilis var. meeki NicHouson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 127. 

Monticulipora meeki JAmes and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, 
p. 174.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 192. 

Bythopora meeki Nickurs and Bassuer, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, 
p. 186. 

The type lot of Chaetetes meeki James contains, besides the well- 
known form regarded by Nicholson as a variety of Monticulipora gra- 
cilis, specimens of Rhombotrypa quadrata (Rominger), Homotrypa 
communis Bassler, an undetermined species, and a ramose example of 
Lomotrypa flabellaris Ulrich. -All of these species agree in but one 
feature, the general form of the zoarium, and also show how little 
value can be attached to this character alone. Strangely enough with 
such a mixture, James’s descriptions are correct since he recognizes 
the relationship of his species with Chaetetes (now Bythopora) gracilis 
and gives good comparisons between the two forms. Evidently he 
based his remarks upon a few of his ‘‘types” and these happened to 
be of the species now recognized as Bythopora mecki. 

The various species of Bythopora are so much alike in internal 
structure that it is not strange that Nicholson considered the species 
under discussion only a variety of his Monticulipora gracilis. THow- 
ever, the fact that it occupies and is characteristic of a different geo- 
logical horizon, and always forms a considerably larger zoarium, seems 
to me reason enotgh for its rank as a distinct species. Bythopora 
gracilis forms long slender stems seldom over 3 mm. in diameter and 
characterizes the Fairview. and McMillan formations, while the 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


branches of B. meek? are seldom less than 6 or 7 mm. in diameter, and 
occur only in the Waynesville formation of the Richmond group. 

Occurrence.—W ay nesville formation, Richmond group, at most local- 
ities in the Ohio Basin. James’s types were from Clinton and Warren 
counties, Ohio. 


BYTHOPORA PARVULA (James). 


Plate III, figs. 11, 12; plate V, fig. 4. 


Helopora parvula James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 3. 
Bythopora parvula Nickuxes and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, 
p. 186. 


The types of Helopora parvula are from the upper part of the Eden 
shale, and prove to represent a form of Lythopora quite distinct from 
other species of this genus. The following description and compari- 
son bring out its essential features. 

Zoarium consisting of very slender cylindrical branches seldom 
exceeding 0.4 mm. in diameter, dividing at irregular but rather long 
intervals and bearing 4 or 5 rows of elongate oval zocecia rounded 
behind and drawn out in front, separated from each other longitudi- 
nally by spaces equal to their longer diameter. Measuring length- 
wise about 5 zocecia in 2 mm. Narrow, channeled interspaces sepa- 
rate the rows of zoccia. Mesopores and acanthopores obsolete or 
apparently wanting. Diaphragms sparingly developed. 

In its internal characters the species simulates Vematopora, but the 
proportionally much greater length of the zocecial tubes is regarded 
as indicating the trepostomatous genus Bythopora rather than the 
Cryptostomata. 

Compared with other species of Lythopora, the present form may 
be easily distinguished by its extremely slender branches and widely 
separated zocecial apertures. The associated B. arctipora has broader 
branches and more closely set zocecia and well developed acanthopores 
in greater or less abundance. 

Occurrence.—MeMicken member ot Eden shale, Loveland, Ohio. 


CALLOPORA MULTITABULATA (Ulrich). 
Plate I, figs. 5-7. 


Monticulipora kentuckensis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 7, 1883, p. 57, pl. m1, figs. 
1-1b. 

Monticulipora kentuckensis JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 180, pl. 1, figs. 6a-d.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XVI, 1894, p. 203. 

Monotrypella multitabulata Utricu, Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. 
Minnesota, 1886, p. 100. 

Callopora multitabulata Unricu, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final 
Rept., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 280, pl. xx1n, figs. 11, 12, 16, 17, 24-26, 30, 31. 


Monticulipora kentuckensis James could certainly never be recog- 
nized from any of the descriptions or figures given by its author. 


ee 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 23 


The descriptions bring out no distinctive characters and the figures, 
especially of the internal structure, are inadequate and indeed quite 
incorrect. Figs. 5-7 on Plate I faithfully present the characters 
shown in the sections originally used and figured by James and James. 
A comparison of the two sets of figures will show decided differences. 
_James’s types prove to be the same as the Kentucky form of the 
species well described by Ulrich as Monotrypella multitabulata.¢ 
However, since James’s description and figures, as already stated, are 
wholly inadequate and incorrect in the most essential features, it 
clearly falls into synonymy under the rules cited on a previous page. 
Occurrence.—Abundant in the Lexington limestone of the Trenton 
at a number of localities in Kentucky. James’s types were found at 
Paris, Kentucky, but were erroneously recorded as coming from the 

Cincinnati group. 

CALLOPORA ONEALLI (James). 
Plate VI, figs. 1, 2. 


Chetetes ? o’nealli JAMES, Introd. Catal. Low. Sil. Foss., 1875, p. 2. 

Monticulipora o’nealli JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 174.—J. F. Jamus, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 194. 

Callopora onealli Mruuter, North American Geol. Pal., 1889, p. 296. 

Not Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) o’nealli NicHotson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, 
p. 118 = Callopora onealli sigillarioides (Nicholson). 


The lower third of the Eden shale wherever exposed in the Ohio 
Basin generally contains a small species of Ca/lopora in abundance. 
The same formation, especially the upper third, affords great num- 
bers of two well-marked varieties. The small, earlier form of this 
species was first described by James in 1875, as above cited, under 
the name of Chextetes ? o’nealli but figures were never published. In 
1882, the same author distinguished one of the varieties as Monticul7- 
pora (Heterotrypa) onealli ? var. communis. The other variety is the 
same as the form described in 1875 by Nicholson under the name 
Chetetes sigillarioides.” In the ‘*‘Genus Monticulipora,” Nicholson 
abandoned his species, believing it to be identical with C. oneallc. 
Nickles and Bassler in their Synopsis proposed the arrangement of 
these forms as given in this paper, namely, recognizing C. onealli as 
a distinct species with the two varieties communis and sigdlariovdes. 

The zoarium of C. onealli is of narrow, frequently dividing branches 
1.5 to 2.0 mm. in diameter, often anastomosing so as to form a small 
bushy clump. The zocecia, of which 5 to 6 occur in 2 mm., are oval 
and separated by more or less numerous mesopores. Variety communis 
has the same zoarial growth, but its branches are much more robust, 
their average diameter being 7 mm. Its zocecia also are polygonal 


“Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. Nat. Hist. Sury. Minnosota, 1886, p. 100. 
b Pal. Ohio, II, 1875, p. 208, pl. xxu11, figs. 9, 9a. 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


and in contact at the surface because of the scarcity of mesopores in 
this region. The zocecial characters of variety sigillarioides are the 
same as in the typical form, but the zoarium differs in consisting of 
rather long, graceful branches, 4 or 5 mm. in diameter, dividing less 
frequently and not tending to anastomose. 

The internal structure of C. oneall/ is essentially the same as that 
figured by Nicholson in 1881% for the variety s¢gi/larioides, but tangen- 
tial sections of variety communis differ from both in showing few meso- 
pores and polygonal zocecia. 

Oceurrence.— C. onealli is particularly abundant in the Economy 
member of the Eden shale in the vicinity of Cincinnati; variety s¢gd- 
larioides ranges through the formation in equal abundance while 
variety communis is best developed in the upper (McMicken) member 
of these rocks. 

CALLOPORA ONEALLI COMMUNIS (James). 
Plate I, fig. 13; plate IV, figs. 8, 9. 
Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) onealli? var. communis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 6, 
1882, p..47; No. 7, 1883, pl. 1, fig. 8. 
Monticulipora communis JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 175, pl. u, figs. 5a, b.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XVI, 1894, p. 195. 


Callopora onealli-communis Nickies and Basster, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 
1900, p. 190. 


This variety has been discussed in the remarks under Callopora 
onealli and, as there stated, may be distinguished from the typical 
form of the species by its decidedly robust instead of delicate branches 
and by its few mesopores. The branches are usually about 7 mm. in 
diameter and form bushy masses by their anastomosis. The internal 
strueture is the same as in C. onealli and var. siyillarioides with the 
exception that as the surface is approached many of the mesopores 
pinch out so that at the surface itself the zocecia are in contact prac- 
tically on all sides. This causes the zocecia to assume a polygonal 
outline and to become a trifle larger than in typical C. onealli. They 
are also larger than in the variety s¢g/llarioides, but the average 
number of zocecia in a given space is the same in all three forms. 

The types of the variety communis are missing, but the examples 
here figured on Plate IV are identical with specimens labeled by Mr. 
James in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. 

— Occurrence.—Abundant in the Eden shale at many localities in the 
Ohio Basin, Cincinnati being the type locality. Especially fine speci- 
mens are found in the upper beds of this formation. 


“Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 118, pl. 1m, figs. 3-3f. 


No, 1442, JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 25 


CALLOPORELLA CIRCULARIS (James). 


Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) circularis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 46. 
~ Monticulipora circularis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 7, 1883, p. 58, pl.t, figs. 3, 3a. 

Monticulipora lens JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, 
p. 165.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, p. 181. 
(Not Nebulipora lens McCoy. ) 

Calloporella harrisi Utricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 91, 
pl. 1, figs. 5-5e. 

Calloporella circularis Nickies and Basster, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 173 
1900, p. 193. 


’ 


James’s original description of this form is clear enough to make 
one reasonably certain that his species is the same as that described 
and figured shortly after by Ulrich as Calloporella harrisi and an 
examination of the type specimensof each provesthis beyond a doubt. 
The absence of figures in the case of J/. circularisis nota valid excuse 
for rejecting the name, inasmuch as the description gives a clear state- 
ment of both the internal and external characters. James and James 
in 1888 and J. F. James again in 1894 recognize JM. circularis as a 
synonym of McCoy’s Nebulipora lens—a species from Great Britain 
which has a similar zoarial growth, but whose zocecial characters are 
not yet known. The possibility of the two forms proving to repre- 
sent the same species is, in the opinion of the writer, very remote. 

Ulrich has given a good description and figures of the species and 
the student is referred to his work. The discoid zoarium, with rounded 
zocecia surrounded by ring-like walls and separated by numerous 
closely tabulated mesopores, characterize the species. 

Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the Waynesville formation of the 
Richmond. The type locality is Westboro, Ohio, but the species has 
been found at many other places in southwestern Ohio and southeastern 
Indiana. 

CERAMOPORA CONCENTRICA James. 


Ceramopora concentrica JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. 

Ceramopora concentrica JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., NJ, 
1888, p. 38, pl. 1, figs. 8, 8 a. 

Not Celoclema concentricum Nickies and Basster, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury. No. 
173, 1900, p. 212 (=Celoclema ( Diamesopora) commune (ULRICH) ). 


The original description of this form is too vague for recognition, 
and the species must date from 1883, when James and James gave 
another description and figured a specimen. The type lot, from which 
the original description was apparently drawn, consists of the following: 

(1) Three specimens of Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich from the Eden 
shale at Cincinnati or vicinity. 

(2) Two specimens of Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nicholson) from the 
upper beds of the Eden shale at Cincinnati. 


26 PROCEEDINGS. OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


(3) One specimen of the basal” expansion oF Chiloporella flabellata 
(Ulrich) from the Corryville member at Cincinnati. 

(4) Several specimens of the basal expansion of Cocloclema commune 
(Ulrich) and fragments of the branches of the same species, all of these 
being from the lower part of the Eden shale, and probably from the 
bank of the Ohio River at Ludlow, Kentucky. 

The specimen selected for illustration by James and James,“and which 
should be adopted as the real type of the species, is a robust, frequently 
branching specimen of Callopora onealli-sigillarioides (Nicholson) over- 
grown by a finely preserved example of Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nich- 
olson).’ This specimen was found in the upper beds of the Eden shale, 
near Eden Park reservoir, Cincinnati. Ceramopora concentrica James 
and James, therefore, as based on the figured type, is a synonym for 
Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nicholson). Without the specimen it would 
be impossible to make this determination, since the figure is wholly 
without distinctive characters. As stated, the original description is 
too indefinite, and, as the type lot shows, based upon too many dis- 
tinct species for recognition. 

Nickles and the writer in their Sy nopsis of American Fossil Bea 
referred James’s Ceramopora concentrica to the genus Coeloclema, mak- 
ing Ulrich’s Diamesopora communis a synonym. How erroneous our 
ideas of the species were is shown by the above remarks, our concep- 
tion of the species being based upon a ee specimen received 
by Mr. Nickles some years ago from Mr. James, and which happened 
to be the same as Ulrich’s Diamesopora (now Coan lema) communis. 
Hence Coeloclema concentricum of Nickles and Bassler is a synonym of 
Coeloclema commune (Ulrich). 


CERAMOPORA ? IRREGULARIS James. 


Ceramopora ? irregularis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. 

This species was described as incrusting foreign substances and 
having cells similar to those of Chactetes jamest Nicholson. The simi- 
larity to the species mentioned is borne out by the type specimens, 
inasmuch as three of the type lot are typical ramose examples of C. 
(now Batostoma) jamesi and four are incrusting forms of the same 
species, while the remaining specimen represents the parasitic base of 
Batostoma implicatum. 

The variation in the shape of the zocecia which suggested the 
specific name is due either to growth over an uneven surface or to 
indentations of the zocecial walls caused by the development of numer- 
ous acanthopores. Instead of being a synonym of B. ¢mplicatum, as 
stated by Nickles and Bassler, > teks name should have been placed as 


« Jour. Gramanan Soc. Nat. ieee XJ, 1888, pl. 1 . 8, 8a 
» Ceramopora ohioensis fcholson: Pal. Ohio, II, a 75, p. 265, pl. xxv, figs. 10a, 
b, e (not 10 ¢, d). 


e 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. are 


synonymous in part with both B. james? and. B. jmplicatum. How- 
ever, the original and only diagnosis is so vague that for that reason 
alone the name ought to be dropped. 


CERAMOPORA NICHOLSONI James. 


Ceramopora nicholsoni JAMES, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 3. 

Monticulipora (Fistulipora) nicholsoni James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. 
Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 34, pl. 1, figs. 6-6e.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati 
Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1896, p. 121, fig. 12. 

Not Chiloporella nicholsoni Nrckues and Bassuer, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 
173, 1900, p. 207 (=Chiloporella flabellata Utricn). 

This species was first described by James as ‘‘incrusting foreign 
substances.” The type species, however, is not an incrusting form 
but is a solid flabellate expansion, and that this specimen is the one 
used by James for his description is attested by the label in his hand- 
writing accompanying it. The name C. nicholson? therefore, being 
founded on characters which do not belong to the specimen, following 
the laws of nomenclature, must be abandoned. 

James’s type is an example of /’%stulipora flabellata described by 
Ulrich in 1879. In 1879 James also described the two species, /. mult/- 
poraand LF. silurvana, but in the James and James revision of the 
Monticuliporide in 1888, these two names, together with Ulrich’s 
Ff, flabellata and also Callopora cincinnatiensis of the same author 
were made synonyms of (C. nicholsoni. The respective types of 
I. multipora and F. siluriana, as noted under these headings in this 
paper, contain a number of different species, while Ulrich’s Cadlopora 
cincinnatiensis, the third supposed synonym which was erroneously 
described by its author as coming from Cincinnati, happens to be the 
same as Lioclema occidens (Hall and Whittield) from the Upper 
Devonian of Iowa.@ 

Nickles and Bassler, believing that with the exception of C. eincin- 
natiensis, the synonymy given by James for (. nicholson? was correct, 
recognized his species as Chiloporella nicholsoni, and placed Ulrich’s 
well-defined Chiloporella (Fistulipora) flabellata as a synonym. Had 
they seen the types they certainly would not have fallen into this error, 
nor would such stress have been put upon ‘‘ authentic” specimens had 
they known of the number of distinct forms often included among 
the specimens marked as the original types of one and the same 
species. 

To sum up, the writer would now regard Ceramopora nicholsoni and 
its so-called synonyms as follows: (1) Ceramopora nicholsoni itself 
must be abandoned, since the species is founded upon characters not 
shown by the type. (2) /’stulipora flabellata Ulrich is recognized as 
a good species and as the type of the genus Chiloporella. (3) Both 


@Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 427. 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. cx 


the types of each, moreover, include a number of distinet species. 
Therefore neither of the last two names is held as valid. (4) Callopora 
cincinnatiensis is a synonym for Lioclema occidens and has no relation 
at all with any of the Cincinnatian bryozoa. 


CERAMOPORA RADIATA James. 


Ceramopora radiata JAmEs, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 12. 


The type and only specimen described under this name proves to 
be a young example of Ceramoporella granulosa milfordensis (James) 
from the Eden shale at Cincinnati. The specimen consists of but a 
few macule with the zocecial apertures long-drawn out and radiating 
from them in a more marked degree than usual. A similar condition 
characterizes young specimens of all species of Ceramoporella. Con- 
sequently the radial arrangement depended upon in distinguishing the 
species should not be regarded as a valid specific character. 


CERAMOPORELLA GRANULOSA MILFORDENSIS (James). 


Plate VI, fig. 7. 


Callopora milfordensis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. 

Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) milfordensis JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. 
Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 36, pl. 1, figs. 7-7b—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati 
Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1896, p. 122. 

Ceramoporella granulosa milfordensis NicKLEs and BassuEr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sur- 
vey, No. 173, 1900, p. 200. 

None of the descriptions or figures of this form is sufficient for its 
recognition, but I have adopted James’s name in a subordinate sense to 
distinguish an abundant Eden shale variety of Ceramoporella. The 
specimens separated by James under the specific name 7/fordensis 
are of a Ceramoporella that ranges with certain slight but distinguish- 
able modifications through all the subdivisions of the Covington and 
Richmond groups. The first recognizable description and figures of 
one of the varieties of this cosmopolitan species was published in 1890 
by Ulrich when he proposed the specific designation C. granulosa for 
the form occurring so abundantly in the shaly limestone of the Rich- 
mond group in northern Illinois. Variety m/fordensis differs from 
the typical C. granulosa in having slightly smaller zocecia and in the 
very slight development of the peculiar granules that occur so abun- 
dantly in the Illinois types of the species. The zoaria of the latter 
also grow into much thicker and larger masses than those of the Eden 
shales variety. 

Other forms of this general type were found in succeeding Cincin- 
natian rocks. In course of time these probably will receive similar 
subordinate designations. 


«Geol. Surv. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 466, pl. x1, figs. 2, 2". 


. 


j 


NO. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 29 


Occurrence.—The James types were found in the Eden shales at 
Milford, Ohio, but the variety occurs generally in abundance in the 
Ohio Basin wherever the strata mentioned are exposed. 


CERAMOPORELLA WHITEI (James), 
Plate V, fig. 6; plate VI, figs. 8-10. 


Ceramopora whitei James, Paleontologist No. 2, 1878, p. 12. 

Ceramopora ? whitei JAMEs and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, 
pees, pl. 1; figs.-9;.9¢. 

Ceramoporella whitei NickLEs and Basser, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, 
p- 201. 

James recognized the relations of this species by comparing it in his 
original description with Nicholson’s C. ohioensis.“ The description 
and figures given by. James.and James in 1888 are practically worth- 
less. The figure of the type agrees so little with the specimen itself 
that were it not for the presence of three cracks traversing it, one could 
not be certain of the identification. The view of the surface enlarged 
is also incorrect, as a comparison with a photograph of the same on 
Plate V will show. Fortunately the species has not been described 
under any other name, so that James’s specific designation may be 
retained. 

The zoarium forms thin crusts over foreign bodies, but by the super- 
position of numerous layers may become massive. Each zoarial layer 
is short, rarely exceeding 1.5 mm. in thickness. Surface smooth, the 
maculz or clusters of rather thick-walled mesopores not being elevated. 
Zocecia small, more or less angular, thin-walled and direct, about 
7 in 2mm. Mesopores generally few, sometimes absent altogether. 
Lunarium occupying from one-fourth to one-third of the zocecial cir- 
cumference, seldom overarching the zocecial cavity and always a more 
or less inconspicuous feature of the surface. The internal structure 
is essentially the same as in other species of the genus and is more 
clearly brought out by the figures on Plate VI than would be possible 
by description. 

As is the case in other species of the same section of Ceramoporella, 
C. white: exhibits considerable variation. This consists principally of 
(1) differences in the relative number and distribution of the meso- 
pores even in different or adjoining parts of the same zoarium, (2) in 
the degree in which the zocecia imbricate, and consequently (3) in the 
degree of obliquity of the apertures, and (4) in the extent to which 
the lunaria are developed in the zocecia occupying the macule. How- 
ever, the features presented by James’s type are exhibited on at least 
a portion of nearly every one of several hundred specimens seen by 
the writer. 


“Ceramopora ohioensis Nicholson, Pal. Ohio, II, 1875, p. 265, pl. xxv, figs. 10 a, b, e 
(not 10 ¢, d.). 


‘ . 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


C.. ohioensis, a closely related species, may be separated by its uni- 
formly more imbricating and radially arranged triangular-shaped zoce- 
cial apertures and conspicuous, over-arching lunaria. 

Occurrence.—James’s type came from the Corryville member at 
Cincinnati. The species is not uncommon and ranges from this bed 
to and through the various divisions of the Richmond group. 


CHAETETES CRUSTULATUS James. 


Chetetes crustulatus JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 1; No. 3, 1879, p. 20. 

Monticulipora crustulata JAMeEs and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 
1888, p. 23, pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a. 

Monticulipora crustulata J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 
1895, p. 82. 

The original description of this form is so general that it is impossi- 
ble to determine which particular one of the four or five species found 
in the Cincinnatian series incrusting Orthocerata was intended by its 
author. Indeed it is probable that he had no particular one in mind 
as the synonymy given later by James and James indicates. 

The specimens upon which Mr. James founded his original diagnosis 
are not distinguished in the collection. The type specimen selected. 
and figured in 1888 as Monticulipora crustulata is probably an example 
of Spatiopora maculosa Ulrich which had been accurately defined and 
figured by that author in 1883.¢ ‘This identification, however, is based 
only on the general view of the zoarium,’ the figure of the surface 
enlarged (fig. 27) being almost certainly incorrect since the thickness 
of wall shown is not attained by any Cincinnatian bryozoan known to 
me. This figured specimen is missing, but another example now 
marked as the type is Spatiopora maculosa Ulrich. 

The name Chuetetes crustulatus, therefore, must be dropped since 
it was not defined exactly enough for recognition. MJonticulipora 
crustulata although figured, can not be determined with certainty 
because of the poor illustrations and the absence of the type specimen. 


CHAETETES LYCOPERDON James (not Hall). 


Chaetetes lycoperdon JAMES Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. 
Chaetetes lycopodites JAMES Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 20. 

The specific names lycoperdon and lycopodites were employed by 
James for some massive Cincinnatian bryozoan but which one can not 
be decided from his descriptions. His collection also now contains no 
specimen labelled with either of these names. It matters little, how- 
ever, since so many species have been described by authors under the 
designation Chaetetes Lycoperdon that the name, never having been 
restricted to any particular one, now has no standing. 


« Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 167, pl. vu, fig. 6. 
> James and James, 1888, pl. 1, fig. 2. 


© 


No 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. a1 


_ CHAETETES PETROPOLITANUS James (not Pander). 


Chaetetes petropolitanus James, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. 


The Cincinnatian form referred to as above by James 1s most cer- 
tainly not the same as the European Ordovician species described by 


Pander. Which particular one of the massive or hemispheric forms 


James had in mind can not be determined. Possibly Amplexopora 
petasiformis (Nicholson) was the form intended, but the matter is of 
no consequence since the James identification of C. petropolitanus is 
unmistakably incorrect. 


CHAETETES SUBROTUNDUS James. 


( Chaetetes subrotundus JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. 
Astylospongia subrotundus JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 34. 
Microspongia ? subrotundus J. F. JAmes, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 
1891, p. 55, fig. 1. 

The name under which this form was first described would lead one 
to believe it to be a bryozoan. Subsequently, as shown above, the 
form was regarded as a species of Astylospongia and later as Micro- 
spongia. ‘There is little doubt that the specimens belong to one of the 
numerous forms or variations of india sphaevoidalis Duncan. The 
type specimens of C. subrotundus were found at Ogden Station, Clin- 
ton County, Ohio. 


CHAETETES TURBINATUM James. 


Chaetetes turbinatum J Ames, Paleontologist, No. 2, 1878, p. 11. 

Monticulipora turbinata JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 161, pl. 11, figs. 1 a-c.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XV, 1893, p. 158. 

Not Monotrypa turbinata NickuEs and Basser, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 
1900, p. 316 (= Monotrypa subglobosa Ulrich). 

The name Chaetetes turbinatum was proposed tentatively in 1878 for 
specimens differing from Chaetetes petropolitanus in being turbinate 
in form and in having the basal attachment small. (C. turbinatum was 
stated to range from the lowest to the highest exposed beds at Cincin- 
nati and vicinity. Now just which one of the six or more massive 
bryozoa occurring in this range of strata at Cincinnati was considered 
as Chaetetes petropolitanus can never be accurately determined from 
the literature, and none of the specimens in the James’s collection is 
labelled so as to indicate which form that author had in mind. This 
first reference to Chaetetes turb/natum is therefore of no value, the 
name being little more than a nomen nudum. 

In 1879 Ulrich described Chaetetes subglobosus,* which James and 
James recognized as a synonym of their C. turbinatum in 1888,’ when 


«Jour. Cincinnati Nat. Hist., II, 1879, p. 129, pl. x1, figs. 11-11b. 
bIdem., X, 1888, p. 161. 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


they figured and deser ibed their species for the first time, the original 
definition being merely a comparison with an apareecely identified 
Cincinnati species. In the paper mentioned the latter authors figure 
two specimens which in the collection are labelled as the types of the 
species. These specimens agree in one character only, namely, the 
turbinate growth ascribed to the species by the authors. The zoccia 
of each, however, are so different in size, shape, and arrangement 
that a lens is not necessary to determine that the two specimens repre- 
sent very distinct species. The original of fig. 16% is a specimen of 
Cyphotrypa acervulosa (Ulrich),’? a species hitherto known only from 
the Trenton. It is doubtful whether this specimen came from Cin- 
cinnati, as isstated by James. Still, it is possible that it was found in 
the Trenton strata exposed opposite Cincinnati along the banks of the 
Ohio River. The second figured type (fig. la of the article cited) is a 
typical example of Jonotrypa subglobosa (Ulrich),’ found only in the 
lower part of the Eden shales. Fig. 1¢ presumably is intended to rep- 
resent the surface of one of the two types. No matter which one was 
chosen, the figure is incorrect, since both species have thin-walled, 
polygonal zocecia, with no mesopores in the case of the former and 
very few angular young cells in the latter. The figure shows rounded 
or irregular zocecial apertures with subcireular mesopores at their 
junction angles. 

J. F. James in 1895 states, in his remarks under the description of 
Monticulipora selwyni, that M. (Prasopora) selwynit var. hospitalis 
Nicholson (now Prasopora hosprtalis) is the same as J. turbinata 
(James), and that an examination of the internal structure of the two 
shows their identity beyond a doubt. This author evidently did not 
base his observations upon the figured types of JZ. ( Chaetetes) turbinata, 
inasmuch as their internal structure, although different in each speci- 
men, is totally distinct from Nicholson’s species. Moreover, the last 
was described by the elder James as Monticulipora winchelli. To add 
to the confusion, Nickles and the writer very unwisely recorded, as 
cited above in the synonymy, Chaetetes turbinatum as a valid species 
of the genus JMonotrypa, making Ulrich’s Monotrypa subglobosa a 
synonym. 

To sum up, the first definition of Chaetetes turbinatum is worthless, 
while the second is based upon two distinct species. These two forms, 
however, can not be correctly determined from the published figures, 
since the enlarged view of the surface—the only figure given that 
might be of any value—is an incorrect representation. Finally, a 


« Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1888, pl. 1. 

ee acervulosa Ulrich, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final. Rept., 
III, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 318, pl. xxvny, figs. 24, 25. 

ae subglobosa Ulrich, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1879, p. 129, pl. 
xu, figs. 11-11. 


* 
3 
\ 


No. 1442, JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 398 


species with internal and also external characters different from either 
of the figured types is stated to have the same internal features. It is 
work of this character that is so disheartening to the conscientious 
student. That James’s species does not deserve recognition need 
hardly be stated. 


COELOCLEMA ALTERNATUM (James). 


Ceramopora alternata JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. 

Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) alternata JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. 
Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 34, pl. 1, figs. 5-5). 

Coeloclema alternatum NickiEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 
1900, p. 212. 

Diamesopora vaupeli Uiricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 468, pl. xxxrx, 
figs. 3-3b; pl. x11, figs. 4-4c. 


Original description.—* Polyzoary consisting of hollow, branching, 
cylindrical, or compressed stems from one to four lines in diameter, 
with irregular swellings; the hollows filled with foreign matter (clay). 
Cell apertures of the most perfect specimens, elevated, oblique, arched, 
subcircular, or oval; five or six in the space of a line, including the 
interspaces; generally arranged in alternating rows, sometimes in a 
diagonal manner around the branches. Spaces between the cells 
equal to their diameter, or a little more or less on different examples. 
Slightly cut longitudinal sections of some specimens show the cells 
arranged in diagonal, alternating rows of a lozenge-shape, with minute 
interstitial pores. Distributed over the surface about two lines apart 
are spots, sometimes slightly elevated, bearing fewer cell apertures 
and more or less of the small pores. The surface of worn or weath- 
ered examples—mostly so found—are nearly smooth; destitute in most 
cases of prominent cell mouths, but show more minute interstitial 
tubes and divisions than perfect specimens.” 

The characters of this species are well brought out in Mr. James’s 
earliest description, quoted above, and there should be no difficulty in 
recognizing the form. The illustrations given by James and James 
in 1888 are of little value, and for a good description and trustworthy 
figures the student is referred to Ulrich’s work in 1890. 

The slender, hollow-stemmed branches, with thick-walled, oval zoce- 
cia arranged in diagonally intersecting lines and arched over by prom- 
inent hoods—the lunaria—causes the recognition of the species to be 
an easy matter. 

Occurrence.—C. alternatum is found usually in great abundance 
wherever the Southgate and McMicken members of the Eden shale are 
exposed at Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. 

Proce. N. M. vol. xxx—06——3 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


COELOCLEMA OWENI (James). 
Plate VI, figs. 5, 6. 

Fistulipora oweni JAmMes, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VIT, 1884, p. 21, fig. 
2-29. 

Monticulipora (Fistulipora) oweni JAMES and JAmeEs, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 
Hist., XI, 1888, p. 34.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VITI, 
1896, p. 119. 

Coeloclema oweni NickLES and Bassurr, Bull. U. S$. Geol. Surv., No. 173, 1900, 
p. 212. 

The hollow, contorted or utricular stems of this form are so differ- 
ent in growth alone from the other species of the genus that its iden- 
tification is quite easy, The figures of the type specimen given by 
James are sufficient for the recognition of the species, but one of its 
most marked characteristics—an unusually prominent lunarium—has 
not been pointed out by its author. The lunaria are so strongly 
developed and sharply raised that the zoarial surface is fairly rough- 
ened by them. The lunarium is shown exceptionally well in tangen- 
tial sections where the zocecia are seen to be so indented with it as to 
be bilobed. In shape the lunarium is semicircular with the ends 
pinched slightly together. The other internal characters are essen- 
tially the same as in the remaining species of Coeloclema. 

Oecurrence.—A characteristic and quite abundant fossil of the Mt. 
Auburn beds. Lebanon, Ohio, is the type locality, but Cincinnati, 
Ohio, Madison, Indiana, and other localities exposing this horizon, 
furnish specimens. 


DEKAYELLA ULRICHI (Nicholson). 
Plate II, figs. 3, 4. 
Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) ulrichii NicHotson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 
131, fig. 22. 
Dekayella ulricht Utricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, pp. 91, 158. 
Monticulipora ohioensis JAMES, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1884, p. 1387, 
pl. vu, figs. 1, la.—James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 183.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 207. 
Dekayella robusta Foorp, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XIII, 1884, p. 341, pl. xu, 
figs. 2-2d. 
Dekayella ulrichi-robusta NicKLEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 
1900, p. 228. 

Monticulipora ohioensis was distinguished by its author from JZ. 
ulrichi, because (1) its interstitial tubes (mesopores) were less closely 
tabulated than those of the latter species; (2) it had a more robust 
habit of growth, and (3) conspicuous monticules were present. The 
first distinction is based on erroneons’ observation, since the tabulation 
of the mesopores of the types of J/. vh/oens/s is precisely the same as 
in typical examples of DP. ulrichi (see Plate II). The more robust 
growth and conspicuous monticules are characters of such minor 
importance that they are scarcely worthy of.even varietal recognition. 


"no. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 35 


Experience shows that this is true, especially in species of Dehayella 
and related genera of the Fleterotrypidx. Nicholson figured branches 
of his species with a smooth surface, but every variation from this to 
sharply monticulated examples may be found. Foord“ described this 
sharply monticulated form as Dehayella robusta and Nickles and the 
writer, in their Synopsis, recognized his species as a variety of D. 
wrichi, with James’s name as a synonym. For the reasons mentioned, 
D. robusta is now regarded as not even of varietal importance. 
Occurrence.—A characteristic and exceedingly common fossil in the 
Eden shale of most localities in the Ohio basin. The types of JZ. 
ulrichi, and also of M. ohioensis and D. robusta came from Cincinnati, 


Ohio. 


DEKAYIA MACULATA James. 
Plate II, figs. 13, 14. 


Dekayia maculata Jamns, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p- 36. 
Monticulipora (Dekayia) maculata J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XVIII, 1896, p. 116, fig. 11. 

This is one of the best marked species of the genus Dekayia and 
Inay easily be recognized from the figures published by J. F. James 
in 1896 (after an unpublished plate by Ulrich). The study of many 
specimens of this species has indicated that its principal specific charac- 
ter is not, as stated by both the elder and younger James, the presence 
of macule composed of mesopores alone. James's two type specimens, 
it is true, show such macule in a marked degree, but in many other 
examples from the same bed and locality, otherwise indistinguishable, 
the macule are composed only of zocecia larger than the average, and 
with other specimens every gradation between the two may be estab- 
lished. J. F. James states in his description (1896), ‘‘ walls of coral- 
lites thin, internal structure unknown,” and yet gives at the beginning 
of this same description, figures showing all of the internal characters, 
and particularly the unusually reat peripheral thickening of the 
walls. This latter feature is the specific character which will readily 
Separate D. maculuta from other species of the genus. 

The ramose zoarium, thick zocecial walls, conspicuous acanthopores, 
few and delicate diaphragms and practical absence of mesopores 
together with the size of the zowcia—8 in 2mm.—form a combination 
of characters which will readily separate D. maculata from all asso- 
ciated bryozoa. Views illustrating the structure and thickness of the 
walls, the distribution of acanthopores, mesopores, and diaphragins, 
and other internal features are given on Plate LI. 

Occurrence.—Quite an abundant and characteristic fossil of the 
McMicken member of the Eden at Cincinnati and Vicinity. James’s 
types were from Loveland, Ohio. 


“Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist (5), XIII, 1884, p. 341. 


> 


7. 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE UM. VoL. XXX. 


DICRANOPORA MEEKI (James). 


Se 


Plate V, fig. 1. 
Helopora meeki J AMES, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 3. 


Original description.—** Polyzoary consisting of very small cylin- 
drical or subcylindrical stems; sometimes branching dichotomously. 
About 6 cells in the space of a line measuring their longer axes, and - 
arranged in rows between strong elevated longitudinal lines. The 
cells are generally opposite each other in the rows, but sometimes are 
alternating; cell apertures long oval, margins not raised; length of 
fragments observed from one-fourth to one-half an inch; diameter 
one-fifth of a line.” 

The original and only description of this species, quoted above, is 
good as far as it goes, but fails to state the two most important features, 
namely, that the zoarium is bifoliate and is also jointed. Its zocecial 
structure is that of the family Rhinédictyonide, and this fact together 
with the jointed zoarium causes the reference of the species to the 
genus Dicranopora. As in all species of this genus, the zoarium of 
D. meeki consists of either simple or dichotomously branched segments 
with the lower end of each pointed for articulation and the upper end 
or ends excavated to receive the pointed extremity of the following 
seoments. 

D. mecki may be distinguished from all other species of Decranopora 
by its comparatively long and extremely narrow segments, their aver- 
age length being 5.8 mm. and width about .4 mm. Four rows of 
zoecia generally occupy each face of a segment, but sometimes only 
three are found. 

Occurrence.—The species was listed by James as from Warren 
County, Ohio, but his label states Cincinnati as the locality for the 
type. Specimens occur often quite abundantly in the Mt. Hope mem- 
ber in the vicinity of Cincinnati. 


ESCHAROPORA ACUMINATA (James). 


Ptilodictya acuminata J Ames, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 3. 

Escharopora acuminata ULRICH, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Minnesota, Final 
Rep., III, Pt. 1, 1893, —p. 167. 

Compare Ptilodictya faleiformis NicHoison, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XV, 1875, 
p. 177, pl. x1v, figs. 1-16. 

The types of James Ptilodictya acuminata prove to be of a sword- 
shaped Lxcharopora from the Eden shales. To point out constant dif- 
ferences between this form and Escharopora (Ptilodictya) falei formes 
from the Fairview formation is very difficult if not impossible and 
James’s name is adopted here as a convenient term for the Eden shale 
form of this type of Ascharopora rather than as that of a good species. 
James distinguished his species front Nicholson’s by its narrower and 


"No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 37 


relativeiy thicker form and more gradual expansion from the pointed 
striated base. These differences, however, are maintained only by his 
three type specimens. A larger number of specimens shows that the 
zoarium varies from narrow blades less than 2 mm. at their greatest 
width to sword-shaped fronds 6 mm. wide. However, specimens of 
the latter dimension are rare in the Eden shale, while the Fairview 
species is seldom of less width. . fale/formis is evidently a descen- 
dant and a more robust form of 2. acuminata. 

Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the Eden shale at Cincinnati and 
vicinity. 


ESCHAROPORA HILLI (James). 


Ptilodictya hilli JAmEs, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 4. 

Prilodictya hilli Unricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, pl. vu, figs. 
ent als 

Ptilodictya hilli Nerrtrrotn, Kentucky Fossil Shells, 1885, p. 30, pl. xxxv, figs. 
ie, 4,5. 

Eischaropora hilli Uuricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sury. Minnesota, Final Rep., [1 
Pt. 1, 1893, ‘p.. 162: 


, 


The specific character of this fine species was pointed out by Mr. 
James in his description as follows: ‘tThe marked and decided differ- 
ence between this species and P[tilodictya| falce/formis Nicholson lies 
in the prominent transverse ridges.” The zoarium in this form, how- 
ever, is usually wider and stronger than in Lscharopora falciformis, 
but as already mentioned the transverse ridges are the most obvious 
difference. These ridges are formed by the elevated macule, which 
are so transversely elongated that they become confluent. 

Occurrence.—The type specimen is said to have been found on the 
bank of the Ohio River at Cincinnati. Evidently it was drifted here, 
inasmuch as the Fairview rocks have furnished all other specimens 
known to the writer. The type does not belong to the James col- 
lection, so whether it occurred 7m situ at Cincinnati in the Trenton 
outcrops along the river bank or was washed down from some geolog- 
ically higher locality could not be determined. 


ESCHAROPORA PAVONIA (D’Orbigny). 


Ptilodictya pavonia D’Orpiany, Prodr. de Pal., I, 1849, p. 22. 

Monticulipora ( Monotrypa) pavonia NicHoison, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 195. 
fig. 41, pl. vi, figs. 3, 3a. 

Stictopora clathratula James, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1871. 

Chextetes ? cluthratulus NicHouson, Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXX, 1874, 
p. 509, pl. xxx, figs. 1-1b. 

Chetetes ? clathratulus NicHo.son, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 209, pl. xxi, 
figs. 2-2h. 

Chetetes clathratulus NicHotson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), X VIII, 1876, p. 91, 
pl. v, figs. 9, 9ae 


. James’s name Stictopora clathratula was published without descrip- 
tion and is therefore a nomen nudum. As indicated above, Nicholson 


a : 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


described the species using James’s specific name, and as his deserip- 
tions are based on typical Ascharopora pavonia, James’s name is also 
made synonymous with this species. 

D’Orbigny’s species is distinguished from the other forms of /scha- 
ropora by its broad zoarium. It is a common fossil and is found at 
most localities in Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee where the 
beds of the Fairview formation are exposed. 

EURYDICTYA MULTIPORA (Hall?) Ulrich. 
Plate, hess i ei2: 
Phxnopora multipora Hawi, Foster and Whitney’s Rep. Geol. Lake Superior 
Land District, Pt. 2, 1851, p. 206, pl. xxrv, figs la, b. 
Phxnopora? multipora Utricu, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 171, 
pl. vu, figs. 7-7). 
Burydictya multipora Uiricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 520. 
Ptilodictya antiqua JamMEs, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 37. 

The type of Pt/lodictya antiqua James is identical with the specimens 
figured and described by Ulrich in 18824 as Phenopora ? multipora 
Hall. As admitted by Ulrich in 1893, an examination of the internal 
characters of Hall’s type specimen is necessary before it can be posi- 
tively stated that his identification is correct. Until this is done, the 
synonymy had best remain as given above. For the identification of 
the species, at least the Kentucky form, Ulrich’s description and figures 
should be consulted. 

Occurrence.—Hall’s types were found in Trenton strata along the 
Escanaba River, Michigan, while those of James and Ulrich came from 
the Lexington limestone in the vicinity of Harrodsburg and Burgin, 
Kentucky, respectively. 


FISTULIPORA ? MULTIPORA James. 


Fistulipora? multipora James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 2. 


In 1888 James and James decided that /“stulipora multipora James 
and Chiloporella (Fistulipora) flabellata Ulrich were synonymous with 
Ceramopora nicholsoni James published in 1875. The specimens in 
the James collection labelled as the types of /” mu/tipora, however, 
consist of the following: 

(1) Twenty-one specimens of Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich from 
the Eden shale at Cincinnati and vicinity. 

(2) Six typical examples of Chiloporella flabellata Ulrich. 

If the majority ruled in such cases, F. multipora would certainly 
not be a synonym of (. n/cholsont as decided by James. However, 
in view of the facts (1) that the name was placed in synonymy by its 
author, (2) that the types represent two distinct and well-defined 
species, and (3) that the original diagnosis is not only insufficient, but 


« Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p°171. 


; 


: 
: 


_Z 


No, 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 39 


also would apply equally to most of the species of Ceramoporella and 
related genera, the name had better be abandoned. Further remarks 


on this species are given in the discussion of Ceramopora nicholsoni. 


FISTULIPORA SILURIANA James. 


Fistulipora siluriana James, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 19. 


In the revision of the Monticuliporide in 1888, James and James 
concluded that this species was a synonym of C. nécholsoni and repre- 
sented a stage in which the intercellular spaces were thick and the 
interstitial cells few in number. The type lot contains typical speci- 
mens of the following: 

(1) Four specimens of Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich from the Eden 
shale at Cincinnati or vicinity. 

(2) One specimen of Coeloclema commune Ulrich from the Economy 
member. 

(3) Two specimens of Chiloporella flabellata Ulrich from the Corry- 
ville member. 

The original diagnosis is of little value, and moreover is not borne 
out by the majority of the type specimens, the first four specimens 
having thin-walled zocecia and rather numerous mesopores instead of 
the opposite. The same reason for abandoning the name may be 
invoked here as in the case of /” multipora and C. nicholsoni, both of 
which see for further remarks. 


HELOPORA APPROXIMATA James. 


Helopora approximata JAMeEs, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1875, p. 3. 


Original description.—* Associated with this species [Helopora 
parvula| are cylindrical examples with one or two more rows of cells, 
and bulbous upper terminations; the bulbs carry very small pores, 
which are not on other parts of the fossil; in other features they 
do not seem to differ from HZ. parvul1. Should these prove, on 
further investigation, to be distinct, I propose the name /felopora 
approximata.” 

The writer has failed to find specimens having the characters men- 
tioned above either on the slabs containing the types of //elopora par- 
vula or in the rest of the collection. However, specimens of small 
species of Lythopora are often found showing a bulbous extremity as 
described by James, and undoubtedly he had some of these before 
him. This bulbous extremity is probably due to abortive growth 
following some injury and since it is occupied solely by small cells 
may be regarded as analogous to the expanded base of the zoarium. 

Helopora approwmata is probably a synonym of the common Utica 
form, Bythopora arctipora (Nicholson), but in the absence of the types 
or other specimens bearing this name it is impossible to decide the 


ae 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


point satisfactorily. Besides, James may or might have included 
several or indeed all of the small species of Bythopora (B. arctipora, 
parvula, dendrina, striata and delicatuia) under his name. For these 
and other obvious reasons the name should have no standing. 


HELOPORA HARRISI (James) Ulrich. 


Plate VII, fig. 8. 


Helopora harrisi JAmes, Paleontologist, No. 7, 1883, p. 58, pl. 1, figs. 2-26. 
Helopora harrist Utricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final Rep., ITI, 
Pt. 1, 1893, p. 195, pl. m1, figs. 116, 11e, 12. 


The description and figures of this characteristic and abundant Rich- 
mond species given by Mr. James are incorrect in so many details that 
it is doubtful if the form could be recognized from his work. The 
pubtished knowledge of the species really dates from Ulrich’s work in 
1893, when this author gave a good description and figures which accu- 
rately represent the form. It is unnecessary to mention the incorrect 
details of James’s description and figures, since a comparison with 
Ulrich’s work, which is known to be correct by comparison with his 
types, will bring out the errors of the former. 

Occurrence.—This species is a characteristic fossil of the Waynes- 
ville formation of the Richmond group, the type specimens of both 
James and Ulrich coming from Waynesville, Ohio. Often when the 
clay above the limestone layers bearing the species is washed, free 
joints of the dismembered zoaria are found literally by the million. 


HEMIPHRAGMA WHITFIELDI (James). 
Plate LI, figs. 15, 16; plate IV, figs. 1-4; plate V, fig. 5. 


Cheetetes barrandi ? (NtcHOLson) JAMEs, Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1875, p. 4. 

Monticulipora ( Cheetetes) whitfieldi JAMEs, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 34. 

Monticulipora whitfieldi James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 178.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VI, 1894, p. 200. 

Hemiphragma whitfieldi Nickutes and Basster, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 173, 
1900, p. 286. 

All of the previous descriptions of this fine species fail to reveal its 
chief characteristic, namely, the presence of semidiaphragms in the 
peripheral region. These structures occur in the original types and 
may be readily observed in all thin sections, both vertical and tangen- 
tial. These incomplete partitions may also be seen on well preserved, 
clean specimens with the aid of a hand lens. Vertical fractures when 
moistened and examined with a glass likewise show these partitions 
very clearly. . 

The species is found generally in abundance wherever the lower and 
middle divisions of the Eden shale are exposed in the vicinity of Cin- 
cinnati. The zoarium of the form found in the lower division, from 
which James’s types of the species were derived, is of rounded, fre- 


z 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 41 


quently dividing stems commonly varying between 4 and 8 mm. in 
diameter. The middle Eden form, however, is more robust, the 
branches being subcylindrical or compressed and usually over 10 mm, 
in width. In all other respects the two forms are alike. 

Surface smooth, with maculee composed of zocecia larger and meso- 
pores more numerous than in the intervening spaces. Zocecia large, 
rather thin-walled, polygonal, 5 of the normal size in 2mm. Meso- 
pores angular, few among the ordinary zocecia, more numerous in 
the macule. Acanthopores seemingly absent and, if developed at all, 
small and inconspicuous. 

In internal structure the most marked feature is the presence of semi- 
diaphragms in the peripheral region of the zocecial tubes. Besides 
these, vertical sections as well as vertical fractures show the zoccial 
walls in the axial region to be strongly crinkled. The zocecial tubes 
in this region are almost entirely without diaphragms. The mesopores 
which develop in the peripheral region only, are crossed by the usual 
straight complete tabule. Tangential sections show thin-walled polyg- 
onal zocecia, few mesopores and apparent absence of acanthopores, but 
bring out especially the dark line separating adjoining zocecia. 

H. whitfieldi is closely related to and is probably a descendant of 
the Trenton species /emiphragma tenuimurale Ulrich,” but the more 
robust growth and several internal features, particularly the crinkled 
walls, of the species under consideration will suffice in distinguishing 
the two. Of associated bryozoa none approaches //. whitfieldi closely 
enough to require comparison. 

Occurrence.—Abundant and characteristic of the lower (Economy) 
and middle (Southgate) divisions of the Eden shale at Cincinnati, Ohio, 
and vicinity. 


HOMOTRYPA WORTHENI (James). 


Monticulipora (Monotrypa) wortheni James, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 50; 
INOW 7, 18835) plea, fies 2: 

Monticulipora worthent James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 184, pl. 11, figs. 3a, b.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XVI, 1894, p. 207. 

Homotrypa wortheni Bassurr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 583, 
pl. xxrv, figs. 10-14. 

Both the internal and external features of this species were described 
and illustrated by the writer in 1903,’ this conception of the species 
being based upon specimens in the collection of the U. 5. National 
Museum with Mr. James’s labels attached. A comparison of these 
specimens with the types shows that all are of the same species. 

H. wortheni is a characteristic fossil of the Whitewater member of 


« Ulrich, Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn., Final Rep., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 301, pl. xxiv, 
figs. 20-23. 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 583. 


49 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the Richmond group and is found generally in abundance wherever 
these strata are exposed. The species may be distinguished from 


associated bryozoa by its sharply tuberculated branches, while vertical - 


fractures examined under a hand lens will show the cystiphragms in 
the peripheral region of the tubes and other features characterizing 
Tomotry pa. 

Occurrence.—Richmond group, Whitewater member. The types 
are from Lynchburg, Ohio, but the species is abundant at many locali- 
ties in Ohio and Indiana and notably so at Richmond, Indiana, and 
Vicinity. 

LEPTOTRYPA CLAVACOIDEA (James). 


Cheetetes clavacoidens JAMES, Catal. Lower Sil. Foss., 1871, p. 1 (named only); 
Catal. Foss. Cincinnati group, 1875, p. 1. 
Monticulipora (Monotrypa) clavacoidea NicHotson, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, 
p- 182, fig: 37. 
Leptotrypa clavacoidea Unricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 159. 
Monticulipora clavacoidea JAMES and JAmes, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 
1888, p. 25.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 84. 
The club-shaped zoarium and the absence of mesopores cause the 
recognition of this species to be comparatively easy. James gave a 
brief description in 1875, but the knowledge of the species is really 
based on Nicholson’s full description and figures published in 1881. 
An abundant and characteristic fossil of the Corryville 
member, McMillan formation, Cincinnati and vicinity. 


OCCUPPENCE. 


LIOCLEMELLA SUBFUSIFORMIS (James). 
Plate VII, figs. 4-7. 

Monticulipora (?Monotrypa) subfusiformis JAMEs, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 52; 
No. 7, 1883, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

Monticulipora fusiformis (not WHITFIELD sp.) JAMES and Jamgs, Jour. Cincinnati 
Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 26.—J. F. James, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XVIII, 1895, p. 83. 

Lioclemella subfusiformis NickLEs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 
1900, p. 808. 

James and James in 1888“ regarded this species as synonymous with 
Whittield’s Monticulipora fusiformis,’ but a comparison of specimens 
of the latter with the types of JZ. subfusiform/s shows that Whittield’s 
species has a much larger zoarium, conspicuous and numerous acan- 
thopores, more rounded zocecia, and many more mesopores. 

Zoarium small, generally less than 13 mm. in length, club shaped, 
pointed at the lower end probably for articulation with a basal expan- 
sion, expanding slightly toward the upper portion. Surface smooth, 
macule inconspicuous. Zooecia small, 10-12 in 2 mm., angular, thin- 
walled, sometimes in contact but generally separated by thin-walled, 


«Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 83. 
6Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Wisconsin for 1877, 1878, p. 70. 


; 


| 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 43 


angular mesopores. The latter often attain the size of the zocecia and, 
especially in thin sections, may be mistaken for them. However, a 
glance at the tabulation shown in vertical sections will distinguish the 
two, the mesopores being closely tabulated and the zocecia having no 
diaphragms at all. In tangential sections the outer side of the walls of 
the zocecia are always more or less conyex, while the sides of the 
mesopores are correspondingly concave. Acanthopores small and 
usually inconspicuous both at the surface and in sections. 

The small, unbranched, club-shaped zoarium with thin-walled poly- 
gonal zocecia separated by more or less numerous mesopores, causes 
the separation of this species from associated bryozoa to be quite easy. 
Comparison with the related form LZ. fus/formés from the Richmond 
group of Wisconsin is given above. 

Occurrence. —Quite abundant in the Waynesville formation of the 
Richmond at a number of localities in Ohio and Indiana. The James 
types were found at Westboro, Ohio. 


MONOTRYPA UNDULATA var. HEMISPHERICA (J. F. James). 


Monticulipora (Monotrypa) undulata (part) Nicnouson, Genus Monticulipora, 
1881, p. 170, fig. 33a—e. 

Menticulipora undulata var. hemispherica J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 
Hist., XV, 1893, p. 157, figs. 10a-—c. 

Monotrypa undulata-hemispherica Nickurs and Bassuer, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., 
No. 178, 1900, p. 317. 

This variety is founded upon Nicholson’s description and figures“ of 
what he regarded as a ‘trounded or irregularly spheroidal” form of 
his Monotrypa undulata. There are no specimens of this variety in 
the James collection, nor is it known that either the species or vari- 
ety occur in the vicinity of Cincinnati. If James’s subordinate name, 
which is a misnomer, the form being subglobular and not hemispheric, 
is to be recognized, it must rest upon the Canadian types in Nichol- 
son’s collection. Until these or other authentic examples are again 
studied, the status of the name can not be definitely determined. It 
may be remarked, however, that this supposed subglobular variety of 
M. undulata must be very near, if indeed not identical, with Ulrich’s 
M. subglobosa. 

Occurrence. 
Hudson River group in Ontario, Canada. 


Nicholson’s specimens are said to come from tne 


MONTICULIPORA CINCINNATIENSIS (James). 


Chetetes cincinnatiensis James, Catal. Sil. Foss., Cincinnati group, 1875, p. 2. 


Monticulipora cincinnatiensis James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
X, 1888, p.470.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, 
p- 188. 

Monticulipora ( Perdnopora) cincinnatiensis NicHoison, Genus Monticulipora, 1881, 
p. 226, pl. 11, figs. 6-6¢. 


@Genus Monticulipora, 1881, p. 170. 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Although Mr. James gave a fair definition of this species in the 
Catalogue,” our knowledge of the form really dates from Nicholson’s 
work in 1881. ; 

The species is a rather abundant and characteristic fossil of the Cor- 
ryville member, and may be distinguished from other forms of the 
genus by its loosely incrusting habit of growth, strong and closely set 
monticules, and numerous mesopores. Its internal characters are 
those of a typical Monticulipora, cystiphragms occurring in both the 
immature and mature regions, while the walls have the peculiar 
granulose structure characterizing that genus. 

Occurrence.—Corryville member, McMillan formation, Cincinnati, 
Ohio, and vicinity. 


MONTICULIPORA CLEAVELANDI James. 


Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa ?) cleavelandi JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 49, 
Did, Hed. 

Monticulipora cleavelandi JAmMEs and JAmgEs, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., XI, 
1888, p. 15, pl. 4, fig. 4.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 
1895, p. 68. 

Monticulipora cleavelandi Unricn and BasstEer, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (Quart. 
issue), XLVII, 1904, p. 16, pl. vi, figs. 4-6. 


This is one of the most easily recognized bryozoa of the Cincinnati 
rocks, inasmuch as it is the only ramose species of Jonticulipora so 
far known from these strata. A vertical fracture when examined 
under the hand lens will show the presence of cystiphragms in both 
the axial and peripheral regions, thus indicating its generic position 
under Monticulipora. The specitic characters are particularly the 
ramose habit of growth and the absence of mesopores. 

Ulrich and the writer” have recently redefined this species and given 
figures of the internal structure. None of the James descriptions are 
adequate for the recognition of the species, inasmuch as the method 
of growth and internal characters attributed to it by them do not 
agree with the specimen marked as the type. This reason would 
doubtless have justified the rejection of the name, but as the species 


had not been described in the meantime it was deemed advisable to’ 


establish it under the same name proposed for it by James. 
Oceurrence.—V ery abundant at several localities in Clinton County, 
Ohio, where the Whitewater formation of the Richmond group is 
exposed. James’s type is from a locality near Lynchburg, Highland 
County, Ohio. 


«Catal. Sil. Foss., Cincinnati group, 1875, p. 2. 
b> Smithsonian Mise. Coll., NLVII, 1904, p. 16. 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 


— 


MONTICULIPORA CLINTONENSIS James. 


Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) clintonensis JAmEs, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 45, 
(OLE asia ee 

Monticulipora clintonensis JAMES and JAmes, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 
1888, p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 1, la.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
XVIII, 1895, p. 73. 


The types of this form are missing, and unless they are found at 
some later date it will be impossible to determine its exact status. 


However, the description of J/. clintonensis leads the writer to believe 


that Mr. James had before him specimens of the species described by 
Ulrich in 1879 as Atactopora subramosa,“ now referred to the genus 
Heterotrypa. ‘This belief is strengthened by the fact that a specimen 
in the collection of the U. S$. National Museum labelled by Mr. James 
as MW. clintonensis is atypical example of /eterotrypa subramosa. 

Occurrence.—James’s types were recorded from the upper part of 
the Cincinnati rocks (Richmond) in Clinton County, Ohio.  //etero- 
trypa subramosa is a common and characteristic fossil in the Richmond 
group of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. 


MONTICULIPORA HOSPITALIS NEGLECTA James and James. 


Monticulipora hospitalis var. neglecta JAMES and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 
Hist., XI, 1888, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 3.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 
Hist., X VIII, 1896, p. 124. 

Neither the type nor any other specimen of this variety could be 
found in the collection, and therefore unless the type turns up later the 
status of the above name can not be determined. The authors in sep- 
arating the variety from J/. (now Prasopora) hospitalis say that 
** variety neglecta differs mainly in possessing conspicuous monticules.” 
If this is the only point of difference exhibited by the type specimen, 
var. neglecta isa synonym for the species itself since in the genus Praso- 
pora, aS in many other monticuliporoid genera, the monticules show 
a considerable variation in the same species. It is thought probable 
that the type specimen will show that it is not at all related to Praso- 
pora hospitalis, but until the figured specimen is found the name 
might as well be dropped. Judging from James and James’s figure, 
it seems not unlikely that the original may belong to Monticulipora 
consimilis described by Ulrich in 1882. 


MONTICULIPORA PAPILLATA James and James. 


Monticulipora papillata JAMES AND JAMeEs, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 
1888, p. 23.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, 

p. 81 (not Nebulipora papillata McCoy). 
The specimens from the Cincinnati rocks, supposed by James and 
James to be identical with the English species Webulipora papillata 


aJour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1879, p. 124, pl. xu, figs. 6-6c. 


| 


y 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXxm 


McCoy can not now be located in the collection. The matter is of no 
consequence, however, since a fragment of McCoy’s type specimen, 
now in the collection of the U.S. National Museum, does not agree 
with any of the Cincinnatian bryozoa, and there is thus little doubt that 
James and James were in error. 


PALESCHARA BEANI (James). 


Ceramopora ? beani JAMEs, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. 

Ceramopora ? beant JAMES, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1884, p. 23, 
fig. 3-3b.—J ames and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, p. 37. 

Paleschara beani Utricn, American Geologist, I, 1888, p. 186. 


This fine species was so defined and figured by James in 1884 that 
its recognition is a matter of no difficulty. The very important fea- 
ture of the species was, however, not mentioned, namely, that unlike 
all other similar Ordovician bryozoa, macule are absent. Though the 
zocecia radiate from one or more initial points, the surface of the 
zoarium presents no indication of the clusters of larger zocecia or 
of mesopores that invariably mark the surface of otherwise similar 
Paleozoic bryozoa. In this peculiarity, as well as in all other features, 
the species in question is in accord with Paleschara. As remarked by 
James, 7. beani seems constantly to incrust the shells of Orthoceras 


duser?, the most abundant cephalopod in the beds containing it. | 


Indeed, this association of the bryozoan and cephalopod is so common 
that Hall and Whitfield“ seem to have figured P. beané as the surface 
ornamentation of Orthoceras duseri. 

Oceurrence.—Not uncommon in the Waynesville formation ‘of the 
Richmond group in Ohio and Indiana. In the original description 
James erroneously cites the species from Cincinnati. 


PHAENOPORA EXPANSA Hall and Whitfield. 


Phenopora (Ptilodictya) ecpansa HALL and Wuire1e.p, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., I, 
1875, p. 114, pl. v, fig. 1. 

Phexnopora expansa Forrsrn, Geol. Sury. Ohio, VII, 1895, p. 598, pl. xx 1x, 
fig. 1. 

Ptilodictya platyphylla James, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 21. 

Phenopora platyphylla WELLER, Geol. Sury. New Jersey, Rept. on Pal., II, 1903, 
pl. xrx, figs. 5-7. 


The type of James’s Ptilodictya platyphylla has recently been fig- 
ured by Professor Weller,’ whose figures led the writer to suspect 
that the species was a synonym for Phenopora expansa Halland Whit- 
field. An examination of the types themselves changed the suspicion 
to a certainty. 


«Geol. Surv. Ohio, Pal., II, 1875, p. 97, pl. m1, fig. 4. 
bGeol. Sury. of New Jersey, Report on Pal., III, 1903. 


i 
s 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 47 


James gave a good definition of his species with the exception that 
he omitted stating the generic character—the presence of the two 
mesopores between the ends of the zocecia. 

Phenopora expanse is distinguished from associated bryozoa by its 
broad bifoliate fronds springing from a pointed base, with oval zocecia 
arranged in parallel rows and with the ends of the zocecial apertures 
separated by two mesopores. The species is distinguished from other 
species of Phenopora by the broad, unbranched monticulated zoarium, 
and by the size of the zocecia (6.5 in 2 mm. measuring lengthwise, 
and 8.5 in the same space transversely). 

Occurrence.—James’s types were found in the Clinton of Clinton 
County, Ohio, while those of Hall and Whitfield came from the corre- 
sponding strata at Dayton, Ohio. 


PHAENOPORA FIMBRIATA (James). 
Plate VII, figs. 11, 12. 


Ptilodictya fimbriata James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 8. 

Phenopora fimbriata Forrsrs, Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Uniy., II, 1887, p. 161; 
III, 1888, pl. xv, fig. 7. 

Phenopora fimbriata Forrstr, Geol. Sury. Ohio, VII, 1895, p. 599, pl. xxvint, 
fig. 7. 

Stictopora vanclevii Haut, Twelfth Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Nat. Hist., 1885, 
p. 268, pl. xi, figs. 1, 2. 

Zoarium of narrow, parallel margined, smooth, compressed, bifoli- 
ate branches averaging 3.5 mm. in width, and forming by frequent 
bifurcation a flexuous frond, which in the type specimen is about 50 
mm. in height and 60 mm. wide. Margins of branches rather wide 
and occupied by several rows of pores similar to the mesopores placed 
between the ends of the zowcial apertures. These marginal pores give 
to the edges of the branches the very finely striated appearance men- 
tioned by James as the marked feature of the species. However, the 
number of pores along the margin can not be considered a good spe- 
cific character, as it depends upon the age of the zoarium, young exam- 
ples exhibiting few, and the oldest specimens the maximum number. 
The zocecial apertures are elliptical and arranged in longitudinal rows; 
5 zocecia in 2 mm. measuring lengthwise, and nine rows in the same 
space transversely. Two pits or mesopores usually separate the ends 
of the zocecia, but occasionally three may be detected. 

This fine, characteristic Clinton species is distinguished from the 
other branching forms of Phenopora by its narrow, flexous, dicho- 
tomously dividing branches and the general aspect of the resulting 
zoarium. 

Oceurrence.—The type is from the Clinton formation in Clinton 
County, Ohio. Other localities are Dayton and Belfast, Ohio. 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


a a ee 


PRASOPORA FALESI (James). 
Plate I, figs. 1-4. 


Monticulipora falesi James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1884, p. 138, 
pl. vu, figs. 2-2d.—James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 
1888, p. 168.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1894, 
p- 185. 

The character relied upon by the author for distinguishing this 
species was the presence of a conical, sharp-pointed groove extending 
across the under surface. Any student of the bryozoa knows, or 
ought to know, that the shape of the excavation left by the object 
upon which zoarial growth commenced, is certainly not a specific 
character. The same species may select indiscriminately any foreign 
object such as a mollusk, brachiopod, or another bryozoan to com- 
mence its zoarial growth. The specimens distinguished by James as 
M. fulesi selected some conical shell such as //yolithes or the tapering 
end of a cephalopod, the impressions left of the shell after its removal 
not permitting of accurate determination. An examination of the 
types—the three specimens figured in 1884—shows that two distinet 
species are represented. Inasmuch as one of these is new, James’s 
specific name is here adopted for this form. The original of fig. 2 of 
the article cited above (1884) is a small but typical specimen of Praso- 
pora simulatrix Ulrich,® while figs. 2a—-2d represent young examples of 
a species differing from P. simulatrix, notably in having acanthopores 
and smaller zocecia. 

Comparing /?. falesé and P. simulatrix the following differences are 
noted. In growth the latter rises into dome-shaped or petasiform 
masses usually 40 or 50 mm. in diameter, and with a concave base 
lined by a concentrically wrinkled epitheca, while mature specimens 
of the former are rounded or irregularly hemispherical in shape, sel- 
dom over 20 mm. in diameter, and do not show such a well-marked 
epitheca. LP. simulatrixv has about 7 of the ordinary zocecia in 2 mm., 
while 2. fales? shows 8 to 8% in the same space. Vertical sections 
bring out especially the small acanthopores of P. fu/es’, but in P. 
semulatrix these structures are absent. The tabulation and number 
and distribution of the mesopores is much alike in the two species, 
but the difference in growth, size of zocecia, and the development of 
acanthopores in one, makes their separation comparatively easy. 

Occurrence.—Very abundant in the Lexington limestone of the 
Trenton, in the vicinity of Danville, Kentucky. James records the 
horizon as about that of the tops of the hills at Cincinnati, but this is 
undoubtedly an error, as his type specimens correspond exactly with 
other examples of the species found in the Trenton at Danville. 


“Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, 1886, p. 85. 


| 


\ 


| 


Z 


No, 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 49 


PRASOPORA HOSPITALIS (Nicholson). 
Plate VII, figs. 1-3. 


Monticulipora (Prasopora) selwynii var. hospitalis Nicaoutson, Genus Monticuli- 
pora, 1881, p. 209, fig. 45. 
Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) winchelli James, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 48; 
No. 7, 1888, pl. 1, fig. 5. 
Monticulipora winchelli J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 
1895, p. 87. 
An example of the type specimen figured by James shows that 
Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) winchelli is the same as the common Rich- 
mond form, Prasopora hospitalis (Nicholson). In the original descrip- 
tion James compares his species with Nicholson’s, but states that the 
internal structure is very different. The tabulation of the zocecia as 
shown in the slide studied by James (see Plate VII, fig. 1) does appear 
different from that found in P. hospitalis, but. this appearance is 
largely due to an error in the preparation of the thin section. The 
zocecial tubes of P. hospitalis, when properly sectioned are always 
lined by cystiphragms. In James’s section of 2. winchelli, how- 
ever, although it exhibits all the other characters of P. hospitalis, the 
tabulation appears as though not including true cystiphragms but to 
consist entirely of merely more or less curved diaphragms. The 
originally sectioned specimen, as proved by a section prepared by the 
writer, contains an abundance of true cystiphragms, and thus is shown 
to be a normal example of 7. hospitalis in every respect. That 
James’s section appears to show a different type of tabulation is 
believed to result from the fact that it divided the zoarium in a direc- 
tion parallel with, instead of at right angles to, its growing edge. On 
reflection it is apparent that species such as this in which the zocecia 
radiate from the center toward the growing edge will exhibit their 
normal internal characters best in vertical sections taken along such a 
radius; or, in other words, at right angles to the growing edge. Thus 
the cystiphragms of a species will generally appear as nearly straight 
or more or less curved diaphragms in a section cutting them ina 
direction opposite to their radial arrangement. Furthermore, it is a 
fact that James’s section was taken from the thin outer edge of the 
zoarium and therefore exhibits only an immature condition of the 
zocecial tubes. In nearly all Monticuliporide the cystiphragms in the 
basal part of the zoarium are much larger and extend much farther 
toward the opposite side of the tube than they do in later stages of 
growth. Hence, in an improperly prepared vertical section of the 
immature region, the appearance presented by the cystiphragms is 
likely to be, as in James’s section, that of merely curved diaphragms. 
The massive growth, numerous and closely tabulated mesopores, 
strong acanthopores, and rounded zocecia with both cystiphragms and 
Proe, N. M. vol. xxx—06——4 


5O PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


diaphragms abundantly developed, distinguish Prasopora hospitalis 
from associated bryozoa, while the numerous and strong acanthopores 
serve to separate it from other species of the genus. 


Occurrence.—Abundant throughout the Richmond group at most 


localities in the Ohio Basin, The type of J/. winchelli was found 
near Lynchburg, Highland County, Ohio. 


PROBOSCINA FRONDOSA (Nicholson). 


Aulopora frondosa JAmes, Additions to Catal. Foss. Cincinnati Group, 1873, p. 15 
(named only). 

Alecto frondosa NicHoison, Geol. Sury. Ohio, Pal., I, 1875, p. 266, pl. xxv, figs. 3-36. 

Proboscina frondosa Uuricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota, Final Rep.., 
LL Bt. 151893) p. lop plan ee28: 


The name Aulopora frondosa is a nomen nudum, since James never 
defined the species. Nicholson gives a satisfactory description and 
good figures of the species and credits the name to James. An excel- 
lent figure is given by Ulrich in the work cited above. 

Oceurrence.—The typical form is not uncommon in the Corryville 
member of the McMillan formation at Cincinnati and vicinity. 


PTILODICTYA NODOSA James. 


Ptilodictya nodosa JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 20. 

Ptilodictya nodosa Utricu, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1882, pl. vir, 
figs. 2, 2a. 

Ptilodictya variabilis Utricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 304, figs. 2a and 6). 

Ptilodictya clintonensis JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 38. 

Ptilodictya teres JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 5, 1881, p. 40. 


As suggested by Ulrich’s name, 72. vardabilis, this is quite a variable 
species, the shape of the zoarium ranging from smooth, narrow, sword- 
shaped examples scarcely 2 mm. in width to broader nodose fronds 
reaching a width of 10 mm. or more. James’s type specimen of /. 
nodosa, an old and strongly marked specimen, was figured by Ulrich 
in 1882. This author in 1890 proposed the new name /*#//odictya 
variabilis for the species on the ground that 7”, nodosa was preoccu- 
pied by Hall’s Ascharopora recta var. nodosa, a New York Trenton 
form. At that time Ascharopora and Ptilodictya were supposed to 
represent the same generic type, but since Ulrich’s careful work in 
1803 we know these two genera to be distinct. Hall’s species and 
variety being the typical forms of Ascharopora, Ptilodictya nodosa is 
not preoccupied and may therefore stand as a valid name. 

This species is distinguished from the associated forms of /zlo- 
dictya by its straight, parallel-edged frond. Young specimens have 
a smooth surface, but after the zoarium attains a width of 3 mm. or 
more the macule develops as strong nodes arranged in more or less 


ee 


< 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. Fal 


parallel longitudinal series. The internal structure is essentially the 
same as that figured by Ulrich for P. magnifica Miller and Dyer.“ 

The types of Ptilodictya clintonensis are straight, parallel-edged, 
smooth, unbranched fronds less than 3 mm. in width, and agree in all 
respects with numerous other examples regarded as young zoaria of 
P. nodosa. 

Ptilodictya teres was distinguished by its author mainly because the 
zoarium in the specimen described bears ‘*six or seven rows of oval 
pores, on the upper part, arranged in an alternating manner between 
exceedingly delicate raised lines.” The general shape and a thin sec- 
tion of the type indicate that 7. teres also is a synonym of 7”. nodosa, 
being merely an unusual or perhaps abortive example of that species. 
The oval pores mentioned by James are of zocecia, the zocecial aper- 
tures being of this shape and arranged between raised lines on the 
striated basal parts of all ptilodictyoid bryozoa. 

Occurrence.—W hitewater formation of the Richmond group. The 
types of P. nodosa, and also of its two synonyms, came from Clinton 
County, Ohio, where the species seems more abundant than elsewhere. 


PTILODICTYA PLUMARIA James. 


Ptilodictya plumaria JAmMeEs, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 4. 
Ptilodictya plumaria Unricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, pl. vn, 
figs. 1, la. 

This species resembles the preceding P. nodosa in its general zocecial 
and surface characters, but differs in this that, instead of being sword- 
shaped, the zoarium expands rapidly from the pointed striated base 
into a leaf-like frond sometimes exceeding 25 mm. in diameter. A 
typical specimen of the species was figured by Ulrich.’ 

The three Richmond species of Ptilodictya, P. nodosa, P. plumaria, 
and P. magnifica Miller and Dyer, form a series, the first comprising 
long, rather narrow, parallel-edged fronds, the third forming broad 
and rather irregular expansions, while the second is intermediate in 
its zoarial shape. <A similar relationship. is exhibited by the three 
Fairview species of Hscharopora, FE. faleiformis, [. maculata, and 
Ef. pavonia. Inbothof these groups of bryozoathe shape of the zoarium 
is within reasonable limits, fairly constant, and affords a ready means 
of distinguishing the species. 

Oceurrence.—James’s type is from Warren County, Ohio, but the 


species occurs at a number of localities in southwestern Ohio and 


southeastern Indiana, where the Whitewater formation of the Rich- 
mond, to which beds these three forms of P#lodictya are restricted, 
are exposed. 


«Geol. Surv. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 391, figs. Lla-c. 
> Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, pl. vir, figs. 1, la. 


59, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


PTILODICTYA WELSHI James. 


Ptilodictya sp. (?) James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 8 (name Ptilodictya welshi 
suggested ). 

Under the caption of Ptilodictya sp. 4 James described a Clinton 
bifoliate bryozoan and suggested if it prove to be a distinct species 
that the name /¢//odictya welshi be applied to it. The type is either 
lost or never formed a part of the James collection, but, judging from 
the description, 7. we/shi is almost certainly the same species as that 
named and figured by Van Cleve as Aschara multifida in 1853 on the 
plates of fossils which he distributed about that time. Van Cleve’s 
figure excellently represents his species, which was later described by 
Hall? and is now referred to the genus Phenopora. If James’s species 
should prove to be the same, it ought to be considered a synonym for 
Van Cleve’s name since both appear in equally obscure publications and 
the earlier figure of the one is of more service in neon aes the 
form than the description of the other. 

Occurrence.—Clinton formation, Clinton County, Ohio. 


RHINIDICTYA PARALLELA (James). 
Plate LI, figs. 5-7; plate V, figs. 2, 3 


Ptilodictya parallela JAMes, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 5. 
Rhinidictya parallela Utricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 170. 
Ptilodictya granulosa JAmMes, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 4. 

Original description of P¢tlodictya parallela: ** Polyzoary, a flat- 
tened, linear, unbranched, two-edged frond, about one line wide, 
longest example observed about one inch. Surface gently convex, 
celluliferous on both faces; edges very thin and sharp. Eight or ten 
alternating rows of elliptical cells arranged between longitudinal lines; 
one row on each edge having an oblique direction. Cell apertures not 
raised, five or six in the space of a line measuring longitudinally.” 

Numerous intermediate specimens in the U.S. National Museum 
prove beyond any question that the types of Ptilodictya parallela and 
P. granulosa are founded upon different stages of growth of one and 
the same species, the type of the latter representing merely the more 
mature or aged stage in which numerous granules develop. The defi- 
nition of P. granulosa precedes that of 7. parallela in the Paleontolo- 
gist, but the parallel-edged branches are so marked a character in this 
species that the specific name calling attention to this fact is retained. 
All species of PRAénidictya have a granulosa stage, so that this name is 
without any special significance. 

The straight, parallel-edged, seldom branching, bifoliate zoarium, 
with the zocecia arranged in longitudinal rows, is so different from 
associated bryozoa that no difficulty is experienced in recognizing the 


“Twelfth Ann. Rep. Indiana Geol. Nat. Hist., 1883, p. 268, pl. xrv, fig. 4. 


No, 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. De 


species. The associated ptilodictyoids, with the exception of Sticto- 
porella flexuosa, may be distinguished at sight by their jointed zoaria, 
the articulation being at the base alone as in Ascharopora or at numer- 
ous points as in Arthropora. The mesopores of S. flewuosa will 
readily separate it from ft. parallela. 

Lower beds of the Eden shale at Cincinnati, Ohio, and 


Oceurrence. 
vicinity. 
RHINOPORA VERRUCOSA Hall. 


Rhinopora verrucosa Haur, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal., II, 1852, p. 48, pl. xrx, 
fig. la—c. ; 
Escharina ? distorta James, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1875, p. 21. 

The types of Zscharina ? distorta show that this name is founded 
upon specimens of the characteristic Clinton bryozoan Ainopora ver- 
rucosa. The specimens are embedded in solid limestone and show only 
their epithecal side. In breaking the rock, the two leaves of the 
bifoliate fronds of RA‘nopora part along the smooth median plane 
because the poriferous side of each leaf is rougher, and therefore 
adheres to the rock. By means of thin sections, however, the iden- 
tity of these fronds with Rhinopora verrucosa was proved beyond a 
doubt. 

Occurrence.—The types of James’s species were from the Clinton, 
near Wilmington, Clinton County, Ohio. 2. verrucosa is found gen- 
erally in abundance at most localities in the New York and Ohio areas 
of Clinton shale. 

SAGENELLA STRIATA James. 


Sagenella striata JAMES, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 22. 


The type specimens described under this name by Mr. James are 
two small thin expansions parasitic upon bryozoa from the Eden 
shale. The surface of these expansions is ornamented with long, fine 
strie radiating froma similarly striated crater-like central area. A 
careful examination of this surface with a lens, or, better still, of the 
structure of the specimens by means of thin sections under the micro- 
scope, shows that the strix are the greatly elongated and generally 
confluent zocecial apertures of bryozoa with the wall structure charac- 
teristic of the genus Escharopora. One can now infer from their gen- 
eral shape and structure that the crater-like depressions of these 
striated parasitic growths are the basalesockets with which the pointed 
end of the zoaria of “scharopora articulated. That this inference is 
correct is proved by the occasional discovery of a zoarium with its 
point in place in the basal socket or in such close proximity that their 
relation to each other can not be doubted. It is also a fact that 
wherever these attached expansions occur, the erect fronds of one or 
other of the species of Hscharopora may always be found. 

By themselves these basal sockets show no specific differences, and 
the species to which any particular specimen belongs must be deter- 


— 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XK 


mined by the horizon in which it occurs. Naturally when several 
species of Aschuropora occur at the same horizon, the determination 
of their respective basal sockets becomes very difficult if not impos- 
sible unless the pointed zoarium and parasitic base are still in position. 
There can be little doubt that Sagenclla striata is the articulating basal 
expansion of “scharopora acuminata (James), since the latter is the 
only species of “scharopora known in the same beds of the Eden shale. 

Depending upon James’s statement” that his specimens were col- 
lected ‘‘at the horizon of the hilltops at Cincinnati,” Nickles and the 
writer, in the cross references in their Synopsis of American Fossil 
Bryozoa, referred Sagenella striata to the Fairview species /scharo- 
pord, falerform is. However, this reference and remarks concerning the 
organism were inadvertently omitted under the synonymy of the latter. 
The articulating bases of 7. falciformis were described by Ulrich 
under the names Crateripora lineata and yar. expansa?’ betore their 
true relations, as published by him in 1882,° were ascertained. 


- 
- 
7 


STICTOPORELLA FLEXUOSA James. , 


Ptilodictya flexuosa James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 4. 

Stictoporella flecuosa Unricn, Jour. ‘Cincinnati Bae. I Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 169. 

Stictoporella interstincta Uutricw, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 169, 
pl. vin, figs. 9, 9a. 

Stictoporella interstincta Unricn, Geol. Sury. Illinois, VIII, 1890, p. 394, fig. 14a, b. 


a 


For the identification of this species the student is referred to the 
description and figures of the external characters given by Ulrich in 
1882, and the figures of the internal features published by the same 
author in 1890. Ulrich described the form as Stictoporella interstincta, 
believing that Pc/odictya fleruosa James was a distinct species of 
Stictoporella. More recent study, however, has shown that both 
names are founded upon unimportant mutations of the same species. — 

S. flexuosa is easily recognized by its narrow, generally parallel- | 
edged, bifoliate branches bearing rather large elliptical, flaring zoce- 
cial apertures, with their ends separated always by two but sometimes 
by three or four elongate interstitial cells. 

Occurrence.—Not uncommon in the Economy member of the Eden 
shales in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. 


pt ee 


STIGMATELLA DYCHEI (James). 


Plate III, figs. 8-10. 


Monticulipora (Monotrypa) dychei James, Paleontologist, No. 6, 1882, p. 52. 

Monticulipora dychei James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VI, 1883, p. 235, 
pl. x, figs. 2-2e.—James and James, Jour. Cincinnati Boe. Nat. Hist., XI, 
1888, p. 25.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1895, p. 83. 


«Paleontologist, No. 3; 1875, p. 2 
» Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. pac a. 1879, p. 30 
€Idem, V, 1882, p. 151. 


E 
No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 55 


Leptotrypa ? dychei Nickugs and Basster, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., No. 173, p. 298. 
Stigmatella dychei Utricw and Bassier, Smithsonian Mise. Coll. (Quart. Issue), 
XLVI, 1904, pl. x, fig. 11. 

Both the internal and external features of this species have been 
figured by its author satisfactorily enough for its recognition, and 
additional illustrations of the internal structure are given here only to 
bring out points not mentioned by James nor shown in his figures. 

The zoarium is an expansion loosely incrusting crinoid columns and 
sometimes attains considerable size, the type specimen being about 
180 mm. in length and varying from a minimum diameter of 5 mm. at 

the ends to a maximum of 60 mm. 

In vertical sections the noticeable features are the almost complete 
absence of diaphragms and the development of the acanthopores in 
zones, the latter feature in combination with the former being the 
principal characteristic of the genus St¢gmatella. Tangential sections 
passing through one of these zones of acanthopores exhibit these struc- 
tures of a fair size at the zocecial angles, but a section through any other 
part of the zoarium shows thinner-walled zocecia with the acanthopores 
either very small or not present at all. 

The loosely incrusting method of growth, thin-walled angular zocecia 
with mesopores practically wanting, the development of acanthopores 
in zones and the almost entire absence of diaphragms are characters 
causing this species to be easily recognized. S. clawis (Ulrich), a 
common and highly characteristic fossil of the Eden shales, also grows 
on crinoid columns, but it can not be confused with S. dyche7, its 
zoaria being much smaller and the surface nearly always spinulose. 

Oceurrence.—A highly characteristic although somewhat uncommon 
fossil of the Mount Auburn member of the McMillan formation at 
Lebanon and other localities in southwestern Ohio. 


STOMATOPORA DELICATULA (James). 


Plate III, figs. 4-7. 


Hippothoa delicatula James, Paleontologist, No. 1, 1878, p. 6. 

Stomatopora delicatula NickLrs and BassuER, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 173, 1900, 
p. 419. 

Stomatopora proutana MiniEr, Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., V., 1882, p. 39, 
pl. 1, figs. 446. 

Stomatopora proutana Unricn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Minnesota, Final Rep., 
DE Pt. 1893 5pe 117, pl. 1, figs. 8-12. 

Rhopalonaria pertenuis Utricn, Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sury., 
Minnesota, 1886, p. 59. 

Stomatopora tenuissima Uuricn, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, 1890, 
p. 175, fig. 2. 

Stomatopora delicatula-tenuissima Nickurs and Bassier, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., 
No. 178, 1900, p. 449. 


Original description.—‘* Polyzoary creeping, adnate, branching 
dichotomously, and sometimes anastomosing. Branches linear, about 


= > 


a 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXi 


= ze 2 = : ; 


one-tenth of a line in diameter. Cells uniserial, each growing by a 
pointed base from the cell below, and expanding gradually to the 
mouth; two or three cells in the space of a line. Apertures terminal, 
elevated, and nearly or quite the diameter of the cells and placed on | 
their front face.” 

Mr. James’s description brings out all the essential features of this 
variable species. Its constant characters are the elongate, club-shaped 
zocecia increasing very gradually and regularly in width from the 
narrow proximal portion to the wider rounded anterior end, where a 
diameter of about .12 mm. is reached. Considerable variation occurs _ 
in the length of zocecia of the same zoarium, so that specific differences 
made upon this character can not be maintained. At certain horizons, 
and especially in the Corryville bed, very luxuriant growths of this 
form are found upon other organisms, and it is in such specimens that 
the greatest variation is exhibited. Mr. Miller applied the name SS, 
proutana to the very. elongate form from the Corryville bed at Cincin- 
nati, while specimens with the same characters, but coming from the 
lower part of the Eden shale were described as S. tenuissdia by My. 
Ulrich. The form with short zocecia was named Rhopalonaria per- 
tenuis by Mr. Ulrich, but later placed by him as a synonym of S. prou- — 
tuna Miller. Nickles and the writer recognized Mr. James’s name, but | 
considered S. tenwissima of sufficient value to rank asa variety. Fur- 
ther study may indicate that this latter form might still be rankxea as _ 
a variety instead of being considered a synonym as above. f 

Occurrence. —My. James’s type lot contains specimens from various — 
horizons of the Covington and Richmond groups in southwestern — 
Ohio. The species ranges through the various divisions of the 
Mohawkian and Cincinnatian divisions of the Ordovician, and has also — 
a wide geographical distribution. 


STROMATOPORA ? LICHENOIDES James. 


Stromatopora ? lichenoides Jamrs, Paleontologist, No. 3, 1879, p. 18. 
Stromatopora ? lichenoides J. F. JAmes, Jour, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 
1892, p. 90. 


Although not described as bryozoa, the types of this species prove 
to belong to this class. All of the specimens are basal expansions of 
the articulated bryozoan Arthropora. Five of the examples are from 
the Richmond group and are undoubtedly the bases of a form of 
Arthropora shaffert found very abundantly in these rocks; the remain- 
ing four specimens are from the Eden shales at Cincinnati and prob- 
ably belong to <Arthropora cleavelandi James. Several species of 
Arthropora occur in the Eden, but as A. cleavelandi is the most 
abundant, it is most probable that the Eden specimens are of this 


species. 


ess 
eae 


es | 
~I 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 


ia STROMATOPORA TUBULARIS James. 


Stromatopora tubularis James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1884, p. 139, 
pl. vn, figs. 3-3b.—J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 1892, 
p. 89. 

‘*Oylindrical or tubular, hollow, 2 to 23 inches in diameter and 1 
inch or more long; laminz about one-twentieth of an inch thick, 
irregular, wavy, with serrate edges; interspaces thin; oscula at irregu- 
lar intervals; central cavity of the tube filled with broken shells, corals, 
or masses of clay, or sometimes entirely empty.” @ 

The type of this so-called Stromatopora proves to be a portion of 
the living chamber of a cephalopod (Orthoceras or Hndoceras), which 
has become encrusted by successive layers of species of bryozoa 
belonging: to the genus Ceramoporella. Some of these layers are of 
Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich, others are of C. gran ulosa-mil fordensts 
(James), while vertical sections indicate that C. o//oensis is also pres- 
ent. The ‘‘serrate edges” of the **laminze” are seen only in vertical 
sections or fractures. This toothed appearance is caused by the pro- 
jecting lunaria of each zoarial layer. The basal lamina of the succeed- 
ing layer touches only a few of these projecting points, the others 
remaining free. The ‘‘oscula” at irregular intervals are simply the 
clay-filled borings of worms or other burrowing organisms. 

The type came from the Eden shale at Cincinnati, but similar speci- 
mens of incrusting Ceramoporella can be found throughout the Cin- 
cinnatian rocks. 


STROMATOPORA LUDLOWENSIS James. 


Stromatopora ludlowensis James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc.’ Nat. Hist., VII, 1884, p. 
140, pl. vir, figs. 7, 7a.—J. F. Jamus, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 
1892, p. 91. 

‘“Coenosteum varying in outline and size 45 by 3 inches and 2 
inches thick; sometimes parasitic, and then varying from one-tenth to 
three-tenths of an inch thick; laminv irregular, undulating, from 4 to 
6 in one-tenth of an inch, including interspaces; transverse sections 
show numerous circular or oval oscula (7) irregularly distributed; 
surface irregular and rough, showing numerous minute pores and a 
greater or less number of oscula.”” 

The ‘‘ecenosteum” of this species instead of forming a tubular struc- 
ture as in the preceding, grew into solid masses. Moreover, two sets 
of ‘‘oscula” are recognized by its author, one of them doubtful. 

The type specimen is an irregular, solid mass composed of succes- 
sively incrusting layers of Ceramoporella, C. distincta Ulrich and C. 


«Abridged description by J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 1892, 
p. 89. 

» Abridged rlescription by J. F. James, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XV, 1892, 
Ds.0., 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


granilosa-mil fordensis (James) being the species observed. ‘The larger ~ 


> 


and doubtful set of ‘‘oscula” is made up, as in S. tubularis, of clay- 
filled burrows, while the smaller set is composed of the mouths of the 
zocecia themselves. ' 

The species of Ceramoporella seem to have bothered Mr. James con- | 
siderably. This is especially true of C. disténcta, the type lots of no. 
less than seven of his species containing unquestionable examples of 
this common form. ‘ 


INDEX OF JAMES’S NAMES.“ : 
Alecto nevilis James. 
Callopora milfordensis James. (See Ceramoporella granulosa-milfordensis. ) 
Ceramopora alternata James. (See Ceeloclema alternatum. ) 
Ceramopora ? beani James. (See Paleschara beani. ) 
Ceramopora concentrica James. 
Ceramopora ? irregularis James. 
Ceramopora nicholsoni James. 
Ceramopora radiata James. 
Ceramopora whitei James. (See Ceramoporella whitei. ) : 
Chuetetes barrandei ? James (not Nicholson). (See Hemiphragma whitfieldi. ) 
Chaetetes ? calycula James. (See Aspidopora calycula. ) 
Chaetetes cincinnatiensis James. (See Monticulipora cincinnatiensis. ) 
Chaetetes ? clathratulus James. (See Escharopora pavonia. ) 
Chaetetes clavacoides James. (See Leptotrypa clavacoidea. ) 
Chaetetes clavacoideus James. (See Leptotrypa clavacoidea. ) 
Chaetetes crustulatus James. 4 
Chaetetes discoidea James. (See Amplexopora discoidea. ) 
Chaetetes gracilis James. (See Bythopora gracilis. ) 
Chaetetes Lycoperdon (Say) James. 
Chaetetes lycopodites (Vanuxem) James. 
Chaetetes meeki James. (See Bythopora meek. ) 
Chaetetes minutus James. (See Bythopora arctipora. ) -g 
Chaetetes ? onealli James. (See Callopora onealli. ) 
Chaetetes petropolitanus (Pander) James. 
Chaetetes subrotundus James. 
Chaetetes turbinatum James. : 
Chaetetes varians James. (See Batostoma varians. ) 
Dekayia maculata James. 
Escharina ? distorta James. (See Rhinopora verrucosa Hall. ) 
Fistulipora ? multipora James. 
Fistulipora oweni James. (See Coeloclema oweni. ) 
Fistulipora siluriana James. 
Helopora approximata James. 
Helopora dendrina James. (See Bythopora dendrina. ) 
Helopora harrisi James. 
Helopora meeki James. (See Dicranopora meeki. ) 
Helopora parvula James. (See Bythopora parvula. ) 
Helopora tenuis James. (See Arthrostylus tenuis. ) 
Hippothoa delicatula James. (See Stomatopora delicatula. ) 
Lichenalia calycula James. (See Aspidopora catycula. ) 


oe = - 
« The species discussed in this paper are arranged alphabetically and this index is 
given in order to facilitate the finding of the James species as now placed. 


—— 


ee 


——————— ee 


JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. hs) 


Monotrypa undulata-hemispherica J. F. James. 

Monticulipora calycwla James. (See Aspidopora calyecula.) 
Monticulipora cincinnatiensis James. 

Monticulipora clavacoidea James. (See Leptotrypa celavacoidea. ) 
Monticulipora cleavelandi James. 

Monticulipora clintonensis James. 

Monticulipora communis James. (See Callopora onealli-comimunis. ) 

Monticulipora crustulata James. 

Monticulipora discoidea James. (See Amplexopora discoidea.) 

Monticulipora dychei James. (See Stigmatella dychei. ) 

Monticulipora eccentrica James. (See Aspidopora eccentrica. ) 

Monticulipora falesi James. (See Prasopora falesi. ) 

Monticulipora fusiformis James (not Whitfield). (See Lioclemella subfusiformis. } 


Monticulipora gracilis James. (See Bythopora gracilis. ) 


he 


Monticulipora hospitalis var. neglecta James. 

Monticulipora kentuckensis James. (See Callopora multitabulata. ) 

Monticulipora lens James (not McCoy). (See Calloporella cireularis. ) 
Monticulipora mecki James. (See Bythopora meeki. ) 

Monticulipora ohioensis James. (See Dekayella ulrichi. ) 

Monticulipora onealli James. (See Callopora onealti. ) 

Monticulipora papillata (MeCoy) James and James. 

Monticulipora petasiformis var. welchi James. (See Amplexopora petasiformis welchi. ) 
Monticulipora subcylindrica J. F. James. (See Amplexopora filiosa. ) 

Monticulipora turbinata James. 

Monticulipora undulata var. hemispherica J. F. James. (See Monotrypa wndulata 
mispherica. ) 


Monticulipora varians James. (See Batostoma varians. ) 


Monticulipora whitfieldi James. (See Hemiphragma whitfieldi. ) 

Monticulipora wortheni James. (See Homotrypa wortheni. ) 

Monticulipora ( Chaetetes) meeki James. (See Bythopora meeki. ) 

Monticulipora ( Chaetetes) varians James. (See Batostoma varians. ) 

Monticulipora ( Chaetetes) whitfieldi James. (See Hemiphragma whitfieldi. ) 
Monticulipora (Dekayia) maculata James. (See Dekayia maculata. ) 

Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) alternata James. (See Coeloclema alternatum. ) 
Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) milfordensis James. (See Ceramoporella granulosa mil- 


fordensis. ) 


co 


Monticulipora ( Fistulipora) nicholsoni James. 

Monticulipora oweni James. (See Coeloclema oweni. ) 

Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) circularis James. (See Calloporella circularis.) 
Monticulipora (Heterotrypa?) cleavelandi James. (See Monticulipora cleavelandi. ) 
Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) clintonensis James. 

Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa ?) eccentrica James. (See Aspidopora eccentrica. ) 
Monticulipora (Heterotrypa) onealli ? var. communis James. (See Callopora onealli 
mmunis. ) 

Monticulipora ( Heterotrypa) winchelli James. (See Prasopora hospitalis. ) 
Monticulipora (Monotrypa) dychei James. (See Stigmatella dychei. ) 

Monticulipora (Monotrypa ?) subfusiformis James. (See Lioclemella subfusiformis. ) 
Monticulipora (Monotrypa) welchi James. (See Amplexopora petasiformis welchi. ) 
Monticulipora (Monotrypa) wortheni James. (See Homotrypa wortheni. ) 
Ptilodictya acuminata James. (See Escharopora acuminata. ) 

Ptilodictya antiqua James. (See Eurydictya multipora. ) 

Ptilodictya? cincinnatiensis James. (See Arthropora cincinnatiensis. ) 

Ptilodictyu cleavelandi James. (See Arthropora cleavelandi. ) 

Ptilodictya clintonensis James. (See Plilodictya nodosa. ) 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Ptilodictya dubia James. (See Arthropora cleavelandi. ) 
Ptilodictya fimbriata James. (See Phxnopora fimbriata. ) 
Ptilodictya flexuosa James. (See Stictoporella flexuosa. ) 

_ Ptilodictya grahami James. (See Arthropora cleavelandi. ) 
Ptilodictya granulosa James. (See Rhinidictya parallela. ) 
Ptilodictya hilli James. (See Escharopora hilli.) 
Ptilodictya kentuckyensis James. (See Arthropora kentuckyensis. ) 
Ptilodictya nodosa James. 

Ptilodictya parallela James. (See Rhinidictya parallela. ) 
Ptilodictya platyphylla James. (See Phenopora expansa. ) 
Ptilodictya plumaria James. 

Ptilodictya teres James. (See Ptilodictya nodosa. ) 
Ptilodictya welshi James. 

Sagenella striata James. 

Stictopora clathratula James. (See Escharopora pavonia. ) 
Stromatopora ? lichenoides James. . 
Stromatopora ludlowensis James. 

Stromatopora tubularis James. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
Puate I. 
Prasopora falesi (James). 


Fias. 1 and 2. Tangential section, x 20, and portion of same, x 35, showing the 
usual characters of this species as restricted and here redefined. The 
small acanthopores which seem to be confined to the vicinity of the 
maculee are especially characteristic. 

3 and 4. Vertical section, x 20, and portion of same, 35, showing the tabu- 
lation of the zocecial tubes and mesopores and the acanthopores as they 
appear when cut lengthwise. 

Lexington limestone, Danville, Kentucky. 


Callopora multitabulata (Ulrich). 


5 and 6. Views of tangential and vertical sections, 20, drawn from the same 
sections used by James in attempting to illustrate the internal structure 
of his Monticulipora kentuckensis. 

7. A few zocecia of fig. 5, & 35, illustrating the minute structure of the walls. 

Lexington limestone, Paris, Kentucky. 


Aspidopora calycula (James). 


8 and 9. Tangential section, x 20, and a portion of same, * 35, of an average | 


example of this well-marked species. 
10. Vertical section 20, showing as usual only a single large cystiphragm at 
the base of the zocecial tubes. 
Bromley shale, Ohio River bank, West Covington, Kentucky. 


Burydictya multipora (2? Hall) Ulrich. 


11 and 12. Tangential and vertical sections, 20, prepared from James’s type © 
of Ptilodictya antiqua and showing the usual characters of the species to | 


which it is now referred. 
Lexington limestone, near Harrodsburg, Kentucky. 


JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 61 


Callopora onealli communis (James). 
(See also Plate IV, figs. 8 and 9.) 


Fig. 13. Tangential section, x 20, of an average example, exhibiting the few meso- 
pores and angular zocecia marking this variety, and the wall structure 
of a Callopora. 

MeMicken member of the Eden shale. Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Puatre IT. 
Bythopora arctipora (Nicholson). 


land 2. Tangential and vertical sections, respectively, x 20, of one of the 
originals of Chaetetes minutus James. The external characters as well as 
the internal features shown in these figures are precisely the same as in 
the form previously described by Nicholson as Ptilodictya aretipora. 
MeMicken member of Eden shale, near Loveland, Ohio. 


Dekayella ulrichi (Nicholson) . 


3. A few cells of a tangential section, * 35. 

4. Portion of the peripheral region of a vertical section, x 20. These figures 
were drawn from sections prepared from the type of Monticulipora ohioensis 
James. The internal characters are in all respects like those of D. ulrichi. 

Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Rhinidictya parallela (James). 


(See also Plate V, figs. 2, 3. 


5. Tangential section, 20, of stipe taken just beneath a bifurcation and show- 
ing the aged condition of this species distinguished by James as Ptilodictya 
granulosa. 

6. Tangential section, 20, of a younger branch agreeing with the original of 
Ptilodictya parallela James. 

7. Vertical section, < 20, prepared from the same specimen as fig. 6. 

Economy member of Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Aspidopora eccentrica (James). 
(See also Plate V, figs. 7, 8.) 


8 and 9. Tangential and vertical sections, 20, drawn from James’s type 
sections. 
10 and 11. Tangential section of another specimen, * 20, and a small portion 
of same, X 35. 
12. Vertical section, x 20, showing nearly the entire width of one of the small 
disks of this species. 
Southgate member of Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Dekayia maculata (James). 


13. Vertical section, x 20, of an average example, containing rather more of 
the extremely delicate diaphragms than usual. 
14. Tangential section of same, 20, showing one of the macule which often 
occur, and the thick walls characterizing the species. 
These sections were prepared from James’s type of the species, 
-McMicken member of the Eden shale, Loveland, Ohio, 


is > 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, 


q 
’ 


Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James). 
(See also Plate IV, figs. 1-4; plate V, fig. 5.) 


Fic. 15. Tangential section, « 20, showing many of the zocecia with sections of the 
semidiaphragms. Se 
16. Vertical section, < 20, showing undulating walls in axial region, complete 
diaphragms in outer part of same and semidiaphragms in the thick-walled 
peripheral region. These incomplete diaphragms are distinctive of Hemi- 
phragma. 
Economy member of the Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Sanaa 


Ainplexopora filiosa (D’Orbigny ). 


1. Taigential section, < 20, the upper half of figure showing the characters of 
the mature region, the lower half those of the immature zone. 

2. Tangential section through the mature region, * 35, exhibiting the numer- 
ous acanthopores and the dark line separating adjoining zocecia. 

3. Vertical section, * 12, showing two successive alternate pairs of immature 
and mature zones and above these a longer immature zone. The figure ~ 
brings out the difference in wall structure and tabulation characterizing 
the respective regions or zones. 

Sections prepared from the figured type of Monticulipora subcylindrica 
James. 
Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Stomatopora delicatula (James). | 


4.and 5. Portion of a zoarium X 12 and three zocecia, < 20, of the form to which | 
Miller applied the name S. proutana. 
Belleview bed of the Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. | 
6. Portion of zoarium, < 12, showing variations in the length of zocecia. In 
many specimens the general proportions of the zocecia in the lower half 
of the figure is constant. 
Corryville bed of McMillan formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Several zocecia, * 12, of the form named 8. tenuwissima by Ulrich. 
Economy member of Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. | 
The specimens illustrated here were selected from the lot marked as 
the types of his species by Mr. James. 


“I 


Stigmatella dychei (James). 


8. Tangential sections, 20, the upper and lower halves exhibiting the char- 
acters of the mature and immature regions, respectively. It should he 
remarked that the larger size of the zocecia in the upper half of the figure 
is due to the fact that it includes a large part of one of the maculee. 

9. Tangential section, 50, showing minute structure of walls and acantho- 
pores. 

10. Vertical section, < 12, passing through successive pairs of immature and 
mature zones. 
Sections prepared from James’s figured type of the species. 
Mt. Auburn member of the McMillan formation, Lebanon, Ohio, 


JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. GF 


Bythopora parvula (James). 
(See also Plate V, fig. 4.) 


mace: 11 and 12. Tangential and vertical sections, 20, prepared from one of the types 
of this delicate bryozoan. 
McMicken member of the Eden shales, Loveland, Ohio. 


Arthropora cleavelandi (James). 


(See also Plate IV, fig. 6.) 


13. Outline drawing of type of Ptilodictya cleavelandi James, < 2. This illus- 
trates the usual form of the upper segments of the zoaria of this species. 

14 and 15. Outline drawings of the type specimens of P. grahami James. These 
are bifurcated initial segments. 

16. Outline drawing of type of P. dubia James, X 2. This also is an initial seg- 
ment of the same species as the original of P. cleavelandi, but differs in its 
simple, unbifurcated, upper articulating extremity. 

All of the specimens are from the Eden shales at Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Puate IV. 
Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James). 


(See also Plate II, figs. 15, 16; plate V, fig. 5.) 


1 and 2. Views of two of the James type specimens, x 1.5. 
Economy member of Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

3 and 4. Two fragments of a more robust form of this species, 1.5. 
Southgate member of Eden shales, Covington, Kentucky. 


Arthropora kentuckyensis (James ). 


5. View of the type and only known specimen of this incompletely known 
species, X 6. The lower part of the specimen is broken away but 
doubtless was originally obtusely pointed. 

Bromley shales of the Trenton, Ohio River bank, opposite Cincin- 
nati, Ohio. 


Arthropora cleavelandi (James). 
(See also Plate III, figs. 13-16. ) 


6. A complete segment of this species, * 6, showing the comparatively 
slender habit of growth and the short lateral branches which diverge 
very nearly at right angles and are particularly characteristic. 

McMicken member of the Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Arthropora cincinnatiensis (James). 


7. View of the specimen marked as the type of this species, 6. It is merely 
one of the separated segments but is in a good state of preservation and 
quite typical. 

Mt. Hope member of the Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio, 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXaie 


Callopora onealli communis (James). 


(See also Plate I, fig. 13.) 


Fics. 8 and 9. Two fragments of this robust variety, 1.5. 
MeMicken member of the Eden shale, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Piate V. 
Ticranopora meeki (James). 

1. View of a portion of the surface of the slab containing fhe types of this 
species, X 6. The figure contains two simple and one bifurcated segments 
and exhibits the elongate, narrow, subcylindrical form distinguish ng the 
joints of this delicate bryozoan. 

Mt. Hope member of the Fairview formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Rhinidictya parallela (James). 


(See also Plate II, figs. 5-7. ) 


2. View of the type specimen of Ptilodictya granulosa James, * 6, showing the — 
thickened granulose walls found in old examples. 
3. View of the type of Ptilodictya parallela James, * 1.5. It is the central stipe 
in the figure and party covered by the free cheek of an Acidaspis.  ~ | 
Economy member of Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Bythopora parvila (James). | 
(See also Plate III, figs. 11, 12.) 


4. Surface of slab bearing type specimens, 1.5, showing several branches | 
within the space outlined with ink. 
MeMicken member of Eden shales, Loveland, Ohio. 


Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James). | 
(See also Plate IT, figs. 15, 16; plate LV, figs. 1-4.) f 


5. Perfectly cleaned surface of specimen showing semidiaphragms within 
zocecia, X 8. 
Southgate member of Eden shales, West Covington, Kentucky. 


Ceramoporella whitei (James). 
(See also Plate VI, figs. 8-10. ) 


6. Surface of James’s type, < 8, showing the nearly direct apertures and incon- 
spicuous lunaria, which features distinguish the species from the otherwise 
similar C. ohioensis (Nicholson). 

Corryville member of the McMillan formation, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Aspidopora eccentrica (James). 
(See also Plate II, figs. 8-12.) 


. The underside of a specimen of this peculiar species, * by 8, showing the 
eccentric striation of this surface. 

8. Upper, celluliferous surface of another example, 8. 

Southgate member of Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio, 


~ 


No. 1442. JAMES TYPES OF BRYOZOA—BASSLER. 65 


Puate VI. 


Callopora onealli (James). 


Fias. 1 and 2. Views of two oi the type specimens, 1.5. 
Economy member of Eden shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Callopora onealli sigillarioides (Nicholson). 


3and 4. Views of two typical examples, x 1.5, introduced for comparison 
with C. onealli. 
MeMicken member of Utica shales, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Coeloclema oweni (James). 


5. Vertical section, > 20. 
6. Tangential section, < 20, showing the large prominent lunaria and the 
resulting bilobed appearance of the zocecia. 
Mt. Auburn member, Lebanon, Ohio. 


Ceramoporella granulosa milfordensis (James). 


7. Tangential section of a portion of a macula, 35. In this region alone a 
few granules are developed. 
Eden shales, Milford, Ohio. 


Ceramoporella whitei (James). 
(See also Plate V, fig. 6.) 


8 and 9. Tangential sections, « 20 and 35, respectively, showing the usual 
aspect of this species. 
10. One layer of zocecia of a vertical section, 20. 
Corryville member, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Prats Vil. 
Prasopora hospitalis (Nicholson). 


1. Vertical section of the basal part of the zoarium, > 20, drawn from James’s 
type section of Monticulipora winchelli. The section, partly on account of 
an error in the preparation, shows only curved tabulee as described by 
Mr. James, instead of the usual cystiphragms. 

2. Vertical section, * 20, exhibiting the shape and distribution of the cysti- 
phragms in the mature region. 

3. Tangential section of the mature region, X 35. The large acanthopores 
especially characteristic of P. hospitalis are well brought out in the section. 

Figs. 2 and 3 were drawn from thin sections prepared from the same 
specimen used by Mr. James in describing and illustrating his species. 
Richmond group, near Lynchburg, Highland County, Ohio. 


Lioclemella subfusiformis (James). 


4. Vertical section, x 20, of a zoarium showing the untabulated zocecia and 
the closely tabulated mesopores, the latter being restricted to the periph- 
eral region. » : 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 5 


66 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Figs. 5 and 6. Tangential sections, X 20 and & 35. The angular thin-walled zoe cia 


10. 


ie 


and mesopores often closely resemble each other, but the more rounded 
form and slightly thicker walls of the former will serve as a means of dis- 
tinguishing them. 


. Natural size views of three of the type specimens figured by James. 


Waynesville formation of the Richmond group, Westboro, Ohio. 


Helopora harrisi (James). 


. Two segments, < 12, from type locality (after Ulrich). 


Waynesville formation of the Richmond group, Waynesville, Ohio. 


Batostoma variabile Ulrich (restricted). 


. Vertical section, < 20, passing through the mature and a portion of the 


immature region. 
Tangential section, * 20, exhibiting the angular, thick-walled contiguous 
zocecia, the comparatively small acanthopores and the absence of mesopores. 
Top of Richmond group, Osgood, Indiana. 


Phenopora fimbriata (James). 


Outline drawing of the type specimen, the basal extremity restored; natural 
size. 


. Tangential section of type, 20. 


Clinton formation, Clinton County, Ohio. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX _ PL. | 


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JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA. 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. V 


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JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN BRYOZOA. 


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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. VIl 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


JAMES TYPES OF ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN BRYOZOA. 


65, 66. 


THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE CAVE SALAMANDER, SPE- 
LERPES MACULICAUDUS (COPE). 


By Artruur M. Banta and Waxpo L. McATEr. 


Of the University of Indiana. 


During the past two years the senior author has been engaged in a 
study of the animal ecology of Mayfield’s cave, near Bloomington, 
Indiana. An attempt has been made to work out the distribution, life 
history, etc., of as many of the species inhabiting that cave as possi- 
ble. The present paper is an excerpt from the larger one and gives 
the results of the work on the common cave salamander. It is based 
largely upon collections made by the authors, but free use has been 
made of material contained in the United States National Museum. 


GENERAL ACCOUNT. 
REFERENCES TO LITERATURE. 


~The cave salamander, Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope), was, until 
comparatively recently, confounded with its near relative and asso- 
ciate, Spelerpes longicaudus (Green). The following references per- 
tain to maculicaudus exclusively: 


Gyrinophilus maculicaudus Corr, Am. Nat., XXIV, 1890, p. 966, fig.—(Brook- 
ville, Indiana).—BurtEr, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1892, p. 172. 
(Brookville, Indiana; Northeastern Franklin County; Westport, Decatur 
County. ) 

Spelerpes maculicaudus Hay, Am. Nat., X XV, 1891, p. 1135 (Brookville, Indiana, 
p- 1133; Bloomington, Indiana; May’s Cave, near Bloomington; Kern’s Cave, 
near Bedford, Indiana); Ann. Rept. Dept. Geol. Ind. (1891), 1892, p. 447, 
pl. 1, fig. 4. (Brookville, Indiana; Bloomington, Indiana; May’s Cave, near 
Bloomington; Kern’s Cave, near Bedford; Decatur County; and small cave, 
near Wyandotte Cave, Indiana; Barry County, Missouri, p. 448 ).—GAINES, 
Am. Nat., X XIX, 1895, p. 55 (Vincennes, Indiana).—Copr, Ann. Rept. 
Smiths. Inst. (1898), 1900, p. 1213 (Transalleghenian district of the Caroli- 
nian Faunal area).—EiGENMANN, Trans. Am. Micr. Soc., XXII, 1901, 
pp. 189-91, pl. xxv (Rockhouse Cave, Wilson’s Cave, and Marble Cave, 
Missouri; Brookville, Wyandotte Cave, and Bloomington, Indiana ).—E1GEN- 
MANN and Kernnepy, Biol. Bull., 1V, No. 5, 1903, pp. 227-8, fig. 1 (Marble 
Cave and Rockhouse Cave, Missouri). 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1443. 
67 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. > |} 


Spelerpes maculicauda Buarcutey, Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Ind., (1896), 1897, 
pp. 125-183 (Porter’s Cave, Owen County, Indiana; Donnehue’s Cave, 
Lawrence County; Clifty Cave, Washington County; Marengo Cave, Wyan- 
dotte Cave, Little Wyandotte Cave, Saltpeter Cave, and Sibert’s Well Cave, 
Crawford County; Indian Springs, Martin County; Donnelson’s Cave, Law- 
rence County; May’s Cave, Monroe County; Kern’s Cave, Lawrence 
County).—Er1Genmann, Pop. Sci. Mo., LVI, 1899-1900, p. 474, fig. 1 (Caves 
of Eastern U. S.); Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci. (1899), 1900, pp. 31-3 (Caves of 
Mississippi Valley); Science, n. s., XI, p. 493 (Caves of Mississippi Valley); 
Trans. Am. Mier. Soc., X XI (1899), 1900, p. 49 (Caves of Mississippi Valley). 


DISTRIBUTION, HABITS, AND HABITAT. 


The Cave Salamander“ (fig. 1) is confined to the Mississippi Valley. 
It has been collected from 2 stations in Tennessee, 1 in West Virginia, 
1 in Kentucky, 26 in Indiana, and 5 in Missouri. 
All of these localities are within the borders of 
the Carolinian faunal area (and restricted, obvi- 
ously, to the Transalleghenian district thereof), 
a fact which sufliciently attests to the animal’s 
status as a characteristic Carolinian species. 

It is most commonly found in caves, and as a 
rule occurs at no great distance from the 
mouth, usually barely beyond twilight. Thus 
in Maytield’s Cave it has been found much 
oftener near the entrance than farther in, and 
the same is true of Truitt’s Cave, also in 
Monroe County, Indiana, and the Twin Caves, 
in Mitchell, Indiana. Doctor Eigemann found 
it only near: the mouths of Wilson’s, Marble, 
and Rock House caves, Missouri. It sometimes 
ventures into the deeper recesses, however, 
being reported from a spot 14 miles within 
Wyandotte Cave, and it regularly resorts to such 
places to lay its eggs. The larve have been 
found in the remoter portions of Wyandotte, 
Mayfield’s, and Mammoth cayes. The Cave 
Salamander is likely to be found around springs 
originating from caves, and indeed at any point 
along the streams these feed. The nearly mature 
larve particularly are apt to occur in such 
y situations. 

Fig. 1.—ADULY SPELERPES Occasionally S. maculicaudus is found away 
gee rhs from the vicinity of caves. Mr. W. P. Hay 
writes us as follows concerning this point: 


In 1899 and 1900 I found S. maculicaudus and S. longicaudus in considerable num- 
bers in West Virginia, both in limestone caverns and in the forest under logs. In 


“It has also been called the ‘‘ Hoosier salamander’’ and the ‘‘ Spotted-tailed 
salamander.”’ 


‘No, 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. 69 


the caverns S. longicaudus was much more common, while in the woods the two 
species occurred in about equal numbers. 

Blatchley records finding two specimens beneath logs in Monroe 
County, Indiana, a mile or more from any known cave and half that 
distance from springs or streams. Its occurrence at Brookville and 
Vincennes, Indiana, and in Decatur County, localities not in charac- 
teristic cave regions, further indicates that it is more or less independ- 
ent of caves. 

This account, however, has to do with the species particularly as a 
cave inhabitant. In Mayfield’s Cave it is doubtless fairly common, ~ 
but is only occasionally seen and then usually not in remote parts of 
the cavern. Nearly all of the adults seen have occurred between 60 
and 150 feet from the mouth. Four, however, were observed in a 
passage 572 feet back, another at the edge of a shallow pool at 1,200 
feet, and a recently matured specimen was collected 1,470 feet from 
the mouth. 

The latter occurrence is readily to be understood because the larvee 
are hatched and develop in these deeper fastnesses. Indeed, the whole 
character of the salamander’s distribution in the cave results from this 
habit. The younger larve occur in the remoter parts. After, and | 
even before transformation there is a gradual movement toward the 
mouth; here the adults—splendid fellows—are most numerous. Dep- 
redations of enemies and escape to the outer world regulate their 
number. That adults are found in the deeper portions of the cave is 
probably due in most cases to the necessity of laying their eggs in 
water, of which there is usually none near the entrance. When larve 
are found at the mouth or even outside of the cave it is probable that 
in most cases they were carried there by freshets. 

Within the cave the adults are generally found in a crevice or upon 
a shelf of the wall. Only three have. been observed on the floor. 
Their favorite resting places, therefore, are to be reached only by 
climbing. But this is an easy feat for S. maculicaudus, as the follow- 
ing will illustrate: At a point 572 feet back two were seen near each 
other in a cranny near the roof above a 15-foot embankment of earth, 
while on the opposite side of the passage one had ascended more than 10 
feet on a perpendicular surface of stone. In sealing such places they 
are probably materially assisted by their tails. These are prehensile 
to quite a degree, enabling the salamander to support itself by the tail 
alone. The ability of the animals to climb is more severely tested 
when they are confined in glass jars. Yet they ascend vertical and 
even overhanging surfaces and usually remain clinging at the highest 
point. 

When thus settled in a comfortable position the salamander is not 
easily induced to move. Inthe cave it is not readily disturbed by : 
light or by an object moving near. -While light of itself will rarely 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


| 
| 


‘ause it to stir, the heat of a candle or occasionally the near approach | 
of an object will arouse it to action. Its actions when touched are | 
almost galvanic; leaping a foot or more at the first move, it continues 
to retreat for several feet by a series of leaps and wriggles. Having | 
placed some distance between itself and the cause of its fright it again © 
becomes quiet and is almost as hard to disturb as before. 

This apparent apathy even in the glare of a powerful light would 
seem to indicate poor visual powers, but the eye of S. maculicaudus is — 
in nowise degenerate, being as well developed as in the closely related — 
S. longicaudus, a species almost entirely epigean. In this respect it 
differs from all other salamanders known to be true cave dwellers. 
Typhlotriton speleus of southwestern Missouri has eyes well developed — 
when young, but somewhat degenerate when adult, while Zyphlomolge | 
rathbuni of the subterranean streams of Texas has exceedingly degen- 
erate eyes, surpassing in this respect even the renowned Proteus of 
Europe. 

Returning now to the subject of our sketch, we will continue the 
discussion of the habits of the adult S. maculicaudus. It is not aquatic 
to any extent; two or three specimens only have been found in shal- 
low water during our collecting. In captivity, where choice is 
afforded, it always prefers to remain in a damp place whether remote 
from or near the water, rather than in that element itself. 


DEVELOPMENT. 


In the breeding season, however, individuals of this species resort 
to pools of water to deposit their eggs. The process of mating has 
not been observed nor have the eggs been seen. The larve have first 
been found about February 5, and are at this time slightly under 18 
mm. in length. Assuming Spelerpes maculicaudus to have about the 
same rate of growth as some common salamander with which we are 
familiar, for instance, Amblystoma opacum, these larve are about one 
month old. This granted, it follows that the eggs are laid in the early 
part of January. Small larve have been found as late as March 20, 
indicating a later period of oviposition, but there is no doubt that in 
Mayfield’s Cave the bulk of the eggs of this species are laid at the 
earlier date. 

At 17.5 mm. the larve are fairly active. They have a full comple- 
ment of digits showing that the first larval stages are rapid, and that 
perfection in larval form is reached comparatively early. The attain- 
ment of larger s/ze is, however, a slower process. Twenty-five milli- 
meters is probably the average maximum size reached the first spring. 
Up to this time the larve are fairly uniform in size, but by the sue- 
ceeding autumn there is a great disparity to be noticed. Larvee measur- 
ing from 31 to 56.5 mm. have been taken in autumn, and some trans- 
form at this season. Most of them, however, mature later, twelve to 
fifteen months after their appearance in the cave. 


no. 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. TL 


There is evidence that even a longer period may be passed in the 
larval state by some individuals, and a longer period than the above 
seems to be the rule for another member of the genus, Spelerpes bilin- 
eatus. Concerning this species Wilder@ says: ‘‘The larve * * * 
hatch early and continue for a long time in the larval state, probably 
2-3 years. * * * The growth must be exceedingly slow and 
dependent upon the fortune of the individual in securing prey. I 
have caught all stages from 16-52 mm. at all seasons of the year, and 
see no indication that those larvee collected at any one time represent 
one, two, or three years of definite growth.” That slow develop- 
ment is the rule in the genus is further shown by the life history of 
Spelerpes ruber. Small and large larvee and recently transformed 
individuals are commonly found together in the same spring. 

The small larve of S. maculicaudus are easily studied in their native 
pools. They are most often found lying quietly on the bottom, in 
their position and distribution reminding one of the johnny darters on 
the creek bed. But the analogy can be carried no further; the dart- 
ers are the incarnation of irritability and activity, while no mechan- 
ical disturbance short of actual poking will cause these larve to move. 
When captured at the first trial the feat seems easy, but when that 
fails the larve are elusive, and by stirring up the sediment cloud the 
water so that their motions are not easily followed. Their habit of 
lying openly on the bottom is changed when they are confined in a 
well-lighted vessel. Here they seem ill at ease except when hiding 
under some object on the bottom. When disturbed, they swim rap- 
idly, but not for any length of time, as they soon seek the bottom and 
nose about fora hiding place. This sensitiveness to ight agrees with 
their behavior inthe cave. All larve are very much more responsive 
to hight stimulus than the adults, the young larve more so than the 
older. The former always swim away from the source of light, while 
the latter act ina more uncertain way, lowering and raising the head, 
starting away but stopping immediately only to lower the head and 
start in another direction. A light held steadily upon them, how- 
ever, will cause more decided action, a slow movement away from the 
light resulting. 

In the very oldest larval stages they are also stimulated by light. 
A large larva found March 4 seemed annoyed by the light, especially 
when it was flashed suddenly on and off. This larva was approaching 
transformation. The gills were quite small, the tail had lost some of 
its keel, and in the shape of both body and head it resembled an adult. 
Besides these changes, the larval coloration, while not yet lost, was 
supplemented by the characteristic spots of the adult. Other habits 
of larve at this stage are of interest and are best known to us from 
the study of specimens in the laboratory. 


@Am. Nat., XX XIII, 1899, p. 242. 


72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


A larva about 45 mm. long was collected in the cave March 15. It 
showed no signs of transformation and for a long time was content to 
stay in the water, resting much of the time upon the lower end of a 
piece of wood placed at such a slant that the larva had choice of vary- 
ing depths of water. About April 20, more than a month after being 
brought from the cave, it began resting nearer the surface and remained 
often with the nose slightly out of water. When disturbed, it dashed 
to the bottom, but immediately tried to dart up the sides of the jar 
and get its nose out again. It kept constantly on the move until it 
again rested in its favorite position on the piece of wood. About 
May 1 the young salamander began to spend all of its time either on 
the wood or the side of the jar, with all or nearly all of its body out 
of the water. At this time its gills had disappeared; they had begun 
to reduce ten days before. Soon after transformation it escaped from 
the jar through a slight crevice in the cover. During its period of 
indoor life it obtained little food and consequently made no growth. 
This apparently did not retard transformation, which came with a rush, 
the final changes of form and color seeming almost to occur in a day. 
At the time this larva escaped it had no tinge of the orange so con- 
spicuous in the adult, although in all other respects it was a perfect 
minature of the full grown salamander. 

A more detailed account of the final and most interesting stages 
of larval life is the history of a larva taken among some stones in 
water December 21. It was 54 mm. long when captured, and showed 
no signs of transformation. This larva was well fed with small anne- 
lids and occasionally bits of meat. Until January 20 it lived content- 
edly in the water, but on that date it climbed up on a floating mass 
of water-cress and remained with the nose and part of the upper sur- 
face of the head out of water.. On January 23 more of the head was 
projected, but only part of the time was spent in this position. Dur- 
ing the remainder it rested on the bottom, usually under cover. On 
January 26 the gills were noticeably smaller, and on the next day, at 
10 o’clock in the morning, the larva was seen on the side of the jar 
with all of the head and most of the gills out of water. An hour 
later it had climbed up farther, and was almost clear of the water. 
It was breathing air, the throat throbbing rapidly. In the afternoon 
it left the water completely, but turned and remained for some time 
with the nose thrust in the water, later remaining in a similar posi- 
tion, but wholly out of the water. The larva was now 57 mm. in 
length and its gills were less than one-fifth their original size. When 
disturbed, it jumped down and swam frantically about in the aqua- 
rium, stopping under the water-cress, but soon crawled up the side 
until only the tip of the tail dipped in the water. By January 30 it 
remained out of water al! the time, the gills having entirely disap- 
peared. It was, however, able to remain under water for several 


No. 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. ie 


minutes, in one instance fifteen, and often chose to stay under water 
in daytime, remaining under cover. But most of the day it remained 
above water and at night seemed to do so entirely. 

The changes in the size of the gills preceding transformation are 
the reverse of stages which are passed through during early larval 
life. ‘These exclusively larval organs are very slightly developed in 
the young below 18 mm. in length. Ina specimen 17.5 mm. (March 
20) and in one 18 mm. (February 16) they are very stubby, with short 
filaments. At 21 mm. (February 16) the filaments are much length- 
ened, and a corresponding increase is to be noted in larve 36 mm. long 
(November 12). Up to this stage the distal half of the gill is clear 
and translucent, while the basal part is pigmented. At 48 mm. (Sep- 
tember 30) some specimens show a reduction of the gills, but among 
specimens haying them most perfectly developed is one 50 mm. in 
length (October 7). In these larvee the gills are pigmented to some 
extent even on the delicate filaments. Absorption of the gills prob- 
ably takes place in most cases when the larve are between 50 and 55 
mm. But we have one larva 56.5 mm. long (October 28) in which the 
gills are perfect, although this specimen is longer than many of the 
recently transformed adults. The state of the gills, however, shows 
that it is a genuine larval form, and although we have observed one 
longer specimen (57 mm.) with gills reduced and near transformation, 
it seems certain that the growth of this individual was accomplished 
under the most. favorable conditions and that in it are realized the 
utmost possibilities of larval development under natural conditions. 

The process of absorption of the gills is the reverse of that of growth, 
in detail as well as in entirety. Whereas the basal stubs are present 
in early life and from them are budded out the filaments, the latter 
are the first parts absorbed, the main arches disappearing slowly. 
After this is completed the place of joining of the edges of the gill-slit 
is indicated for some time in the young adults by a dark line, which 
is visible on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the side of the 
neck. Besides the changes in these particular organs of the trans- 
forming larve the entire body seems to lose in bulk, becoming flat- 
tened and undergoing a special reduction in vertical dimension in the 
tail, which loses all traces of the keel. Further, the neck appears 
longer and slimmer, making the head more conspicuous, and, finally, 
the eyes become much more prominent. 

The evolution of form is accompanied by as great a change in color. 
To the naked eye the young larve appear uniformly gray, while the 
adult is flaming orange with conspicuous black spots. The study of 
the developmentof the color pattern is of so much importance as an 
aid in identifying the larval salamanders (a thing still impossible in the 
case of many common species) that it has been separated from the 
main account of the life history and treated in greater detail. 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLOR PATTERN IN THE LARVZ OF 
SPELERPES MAcULICAUDUS. 


By Waupo L. McAtTEE. 


The youngest larvee of the species are nearly uniformly pigmented, 
while the adults are marked with separate, sharply defined spots. 
The development of the color pattern, therefore, is the change from 
even distribution of pigment cells on the smaller animal to their con- 
centration in restricted areas on the larger. 

At 17.5 mm. (fig. 1, Plates VIII and IX) the pigment? cells are abun- 
dant and about evenly distributed over the whole body, with the 
exception of certain invariably pigmentless areas which form the most 
conspicuous and characteristic feature of the larval coloration. The 
least important of these (that is, the one which for all practical pur- 
poses is identical in adult and larva) is the ventral area and its history 
may as well be completed at once. This ventral area extends from the 
gular fold or from slightly in front of it to the cloaca, often being 
prolonged in a narrow line on the tail, and includes the inner surfaces 
of the limbs with which it may or may not be connected. It is gen- 
erally bridged by a band of pigment cells over the pubic region and 
in cases where it extends anterior to the gular fold, by a narrower 
band along the gill slits. In younger larve the latter condition exists, 
as the lower surface of the head is not so completely pigmented as in 
older larve and adults. In the later larval stages the anterior bridge of 
pigment may separate in the median line or it may persist, leaving 
thus a small separate pigmentless area. In the adult, however, the 
head is entirely pigmented on the underside back to the gular fold. 

In larve above 30 mm. in length the ventral area is liable to be 
encroached upon by pigment in various places, but the middle line 
at least remains spotless until transformation. In the adult, while 
the lower side of the tail loses the marbling which it generally pos- 
sesses in the larva, it retains some pigment; in fact there is no con- 
siderable area on any part of the body free from pigment dots. The 
dots can be made out with close scrutiny by the unaided eye, but are 
more easily studied with a lens. 

Thus while the presence of pigment cells over the whole ventral 
surface is exclusively an adult character of the species, and demands 
consideration in a discussion of the development of the color pattern, 
this area, with the exception of the lower surface of the head, may, for 
the purpose of ordinary description, as before mentioned, be con- 
sidered immaculate in the adult as it actually is in the larva. 

The other conspicuous pigmentless areas of the larva are arranged 
in three longitudinal series on each side, and together with the pigment 
around them play the major part in the evolution of the color pattern. 


No. 1443. CAVE SALAM: Se eee ANTA AND McATEE. 75 


These a areas are roug ghly circular to oblong, and are ‘most prominently 
developed between the levels of the root of the fore limb and of the 
cloaca, although each series may be traced more or less distinctly on 
both the head and tail. Counting from the insertion of the fore leg to 
the region which may be overlapped by the hind one, there are in the 
upper (first) series of areas about ten, in the middle or second series, 
thirteen to fifteen, and .in the lowest or third series from seven to 
thirteen. 

The upper pee is near the mid-dorsal line and in larvee from 17.5 
to 21 mm. (fig. 2, Plates VIII and IX), is the most conspicuous of the 
three, being finale up of the largest areas. This series is first to dis- 
appear in the development of the color pattern. The second series is 
situated just above the middle of the side, being visible from above. 
It is the longest lived of the series, sometimes remaining quite perfect 
after transformation. The third and lowest series begins under the’ 
fore leg and extends along the side toward the hind leg, sometimes 
falling short of that point, sometimes surpassing it. This series is 
the most variable and is not of much importance in the production of 
the adult coloration. It is none the less an important larval character. 
In some salamanders, notably various species of Amblystoma, this 
series exhibits metallic color. 

Returning now to the smallest of the larval stages (17.5 mm.) we 
will trace the fate of the pigmentless areas and also of the abundant 
pigment cells so uniformly covering the surface of the larve of this 
age. Besides the above-mentioned conspicuous immaculate areas, the 
interstices of the pigment spots form a reticulation over the whole 
body, which with the former makes the ground color of the larya. 
In the stage at present under discussion this is light yellow.“ 

The ventral area in this as well as succeeding stages is pale. The 
legs are covered above with a coarse network of pigment, generally 
with an open space over the base of the toes, which is also a persistent 
character in the larva. The particular feature to be noticed about 
this larva, however, is the uniformity of coloration, especially of the 
dorsal surface (fig. 1, Plate IX). At21mm. (fig. 2, Plates VIII and IX), 
the principal differences to be noted are those due to growth. Asa 
result the only change in color is a general paling, due to the widening 
of the spaces between the pigment spots. It is possible that this is 
just a little more conspicuous in the area between the mid-dorsal line 
and the first series of larval spots, beginning the most important change 
of the next stage. 

At 31 mm. (not figured), the pigment on the dorsal surface on either 
side of the mid-dorsal line begins to collect, forming nuclei for the 
future spots. In this first stage of analysis the mid-dorsal region 
retains its reticulated pigmentation. The 36.5 mm. larva (fig. 3, Plates 


@Jn formalin. 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX_ 


VIL and IX) shows the same process; the migration of t pigment cells 
from the borders of the upper series of larval areas, destroying them as 
such, and merging them into the now lightly pigmented dorso-lateral 
areas. The pigment on the head shows a tendency to concentrate, 
making this part of the dorsal surface lighter. At this stage the 
ground color is clear yellow. The second and third series of larval 
areas, and the pigment spots of the legs and tail, maintain their pre- 
vious arrangement. 

When the larva is 48 mm. in length (Fig. 4, Plates VIII and IX), the 
lightness of the dorsal area is Pater most of the primary pig- 
ment reticulum having aggregated into the now distinct spots. The 
spots on top of the head are further intensified, reaching a stage of 
development in which they remain until or after transformation. 
The pigment-cells move away from areas on both the lower and upper 
parts of the tail at the base of the keel, marking the proportion of 
this that will be absorbed and forming for the tail dorso-lateral areas 
similar to those shown in the last stage on the dorsal surface of the 
body proper. 

The pigment blotches on the legs and on the side of tail, head, and 
body are more widely separated, but the lower two rows of larval 
areas remain intact. The ground color is possibly a shade more yel- 
lowish at this stage. 

The principal change in the next stage (51.7 mm., fig. 5, Plates 
VIil and [X) is the further development of the dorsal spots. They are 
probably as conspicuous in the specimens figured as they ever are 
before transformation. From the same figures it will be seen that all 
the other features are about the same as in the preceding stage and 
that the pattern of the legs and the second and third series of larval 
areas are in practically the same condition as in the 17.5 mm. larva. 

However the ventral fin of the tail has been absorbed and nearly all 
of the pigment-cells have migrated from the dorsal keel and are col- 
lected with the rest in a dense reticulation over the surface of what 
will be the adult tail. The cells remaining in the keel later form the 
few spots that exist on the mid-dorsal line of the tail in the adult. In 
all larvee 50 mm. or more in length the ground color has deepened 
and is noticeably vellow. : 

The changes in form of the body at transformation are much 
greater than those in its color, but the latter are important. In a 
specimen 55 mm. long representing the most recently transformed 
stage we have (Fig. 6, Plates VIII and IX) the ground color can scarcely 
have changed from that of the last stage, but the dorsal spots of both 
body and tail have attained the perfect size and definition. The color 
pattern of the head and legs remains about as in the last stage. Both 
the second and third series of pigmentless areas are breaking up, how- 
ever, anastomosing with each other and with the adjoining lighter 


No. 1443. CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. Tih 


areas. The pigment forming the lower border of the first series 
and the upper margin of the second now collects into the most con- 
spicuous series of spots on the lateral surface. The pigment on the 
sides of the tail is also beginning to form spots. 

It is possible that stages of the various components of the color 
pattern presented by this specimen may be omitted by some at trans- 
formation, and on the other hand they may be prolonged, in other 
cases for some time afterward.  Spelerpes bilineatus seems especially 
liable to such vagaries at transformation, and this suggests the possi- 
bility of a parallel case in the present species. However, the larva is 
undoubtedly intermediate in age between the preceding and succeed- 
ing examples making the color stage valid for our series if it is not 
for every one. 

The next stage (55.5 mm. fig. 7, Plates VIII and IX) is a typical 
newly-transformed cave salamander. The ground color is lemon yel- 
low, the spots are distinct with but few traces of the primitive pig- 
ment reticulation. The pigment on the legs is now for the first time 
collected in spots. The head is more plainly spotted, approaching 
nearly to the adult condition. The spotting on the sides of the tail 
is definite though not yet perfect, and of the series of immaculate lar- 
val areas only one, the second, is traceable. On each side of this 
series of clear areas the bands of pigment cells are collected into dense 
bars, which now break up to form two rows of spots, which are very 
conspicuous in the adult salamander. The third and lowest series of 
larval areas is no longer present. The nebulous pigment surround- 
ing them forms irregularly distributed blotches on the lower 
sides of the salamander and contributes many cells to the ventral area, 
which now becomes entirely, if sparsely, pigmented. In a salamander 
of this age, with the second series of larval areas almost intact, the 
original position of the three series of clear areas and the fate of their 
accompanying pigment masses is not difficult to trace. But in the 
fully grown adult, at first blush, it does not appear that the grouping 
of the blotches is the result of evena fairly definite system. The 
influence of their origin upon their arrangement becomes apparent at 
once, however, when compared with newly transformed specimens, 
such as the one just described. 

The scattered pigment cells at this stage are more abundant than in 
the full grown adult, and the pigment blotches less distinct. As the 
animal grows the scattered pigment collects more and more in the 
blotches, which grow larger and at the same time more dense. Stages 
in this aggregative process may be seen about the edges of the blotches 
on any adult. Approaching and newly united pigment cells form a 
fringe about most of them. 

Few other changes occur in the pigment beyond the stage just 
described (55.5 mm.). In many adults the chaining of blotches along 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the sides gives way to separate spots (Fig. 2, Plate X), but this is not 
an essential change as some specimens show a nearly continuous bar 
from back of the eye to the middle of the tail. The ground color, 
however, gradually deepens, becoming vermilion in highly colored 
specimens. . 

The development of the color pattern may be summed up as follows: 
Originally pigment cells are evenly distributed except for a ventral 
and three lateral series of pigmentless areas. In later development 
these acquire pigment by influx from adjoining parts thus causing a 
dilution of pigment. Otherwise the keynote of the entire process 
is concentration. 

The pigment of the head, legs, and tail moves little, simply crowd- 
ing together in blotches. The concentration of the pigment cells of 
the tail presents one notable feature, namely, that a few cells remain- 
ing in the keel are laid down as median spots when that portion is 
absorbed, forming the only noticeable group of so located spots on 
any part of the animal. 

The movements of pigment cells on the body proper are more com- 
plex. The spots on the dorsal surface are formed of pigment from 
the immediate vicinity and also from the border of the upper series of 
immaculate areas. The fact that the first spots originating here are 
lateral probably accounts for the scarcity of true median spots. ‘The 
large amount of pigment paralleling the second series of pigmentless 
areas on each side collects into the two series of distinct blotches on 
the side of the adult. The pigment of the third series forms many 
small scattered spots on the flanks of the adult and contributes to the 
pigmentation of the ventral area. 

While in the development of the pigment pattern there seems to be 
no increase in the number of cells, the change of the ground color 
from buff to orange and vermilion is accomplished wholly by the 
addition of coloring matter. 


MELANISTIC SPECIMENS. 


A point that arises in connection with the matter of the addition of 
pigment is whether the so-called melanistic specimens really have an 
extra amount of pigment, or whether their peculiar coloration may 
not be explained in another way. Dr. C. H. Eigenmann gives an 
account of two specimens of the cave salamander which have more 
than the usual proportion of the surface pigmented. In one from 
Rock House Cave, Missouri, there is a lateral streak ‘‘ broad enough 
to cover the sides with a mottled pattern.” Another specimen among 
twelve from Marble Cave, Missouri, is described at length: 4 

The lower surface of the head is more densely pigmented than in the other speci- 


mens. The sides are more uniformly pigmented than in the melanistic individual 
from Rock House. The sides of the head, body, the arms, and anterior surface of 


No. 1443. | CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. 79 


the legs are uniformly pigmented, except a few small blotches or spots. The pig- 
mentation is not as intense as in the dorsal spots. The most striking deviation is 
found on the dorsal surface. The usual spots are present, rather smaller than in the 
other specimens. The intervening spaces are more densely covered with pigment 
cells than in the normal specimens, and in several places, notably the head, the nape, 
and one or two places on the back, the spots seem to have ‘‘run,’’ their closely com- 
pacted pigment cells having been distributed in a thinner coat over a wider area and 
form, with the similarly distributed pigment of other spots, diffuse, evenly pig- 
mented blotches. In life the specimen suggested that the inhibitory force which 
kept these color cells from spreading, or the positive tropism which kept them 
together, was dissolved and the cells scattered evenly in a single layer over the sur- 
rounding region., The centers of distribution are still distinguishable as darker areas 
at the margin of or in the blotches. 


The ‘“‘ centers of distribution” are more probably the original spots 
where the collection of pigment began. In fact all points in con- 


Fic, 2.—MELANISTIC SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. (DORSAL VIEW.) 


nection with these specimens suggest that they represent, not modified 
adult stages but inhibited larval conditions. |The lateral color pattern 
of the Marble Cave specimen, as shown by the figure (fig. 3), could be 
easily produced by the cessation of pigment aggregation at the stage 
represented by fig. 5, Plates VIII and LX (51.7 mm.), plus the uniform 
distribution of isolated pigment cells over the clear lateral areas, which 
process always occurs in the ordinary adult. On the dorsal surface 
there are not many spots, indicating that a few of the earliest centers 
attracted all the pigment. The diffuse condition of these blotches and 


Fic. 3.—MELANISTIC SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. (LATERAL VIEW.) 


the connection of many of them with the lateral pigment band is a 
further indication of the cessation of concentration at some larval 
stage. The Rock House Cave specimen with its mottled pattern on 
the sides is probably almost a copy, as far as coloration goes, of the 
larval stage to which we have just referred. 


IDENTIFICATION OF LARV &. 


Now that we have considered in detail the color pattern of the larvee 
of Spelerpes maculicaudus, and have many characters to identify them 
as such, it will be of interest to know how they may be distinguished 
from larve of other species with which they may be associated. 

Spelerpes larvee may be easily separated from those of Amblystoma 
by their more slender form. The latter always have broad heads, 


> 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


their general appearance in the water suggesting a small catfish. 
Larve of Diemyctylus are maculate at an early age, have a dark line 
through the eye, and when of fair size show the red lateral spots, all 
of which characters the larve of the cave salamander lack. In one 
larva of the newt examined, the upper series of larval areas is 6 in 


number, the middle, 12, and the lower series obsolete. Desmognathus - 


larvee are characterized by an upper series of 10 to 11 large ciear 
areas which are distinctly dorsal in position and run together on the 
tail. (The number given includes only those anterior to the point of 
union.) As this series of areas is distinctly lateral in maculicaudus, 
the separation of the larve of these two species will not be difficult. 
In the genus Spelerpes itself, the differentiation is as easy in the case 
of the species we have studied. Not a sufficient number of longicaudus 
larvee have been seen to warrant a definition. This is particularly 
unfortunate, as there is no doubt that it is most closely related to the 
present species. In one large larva of longicaudus the upper series of 
clear areas had disappeared, the middle one had about 16 to 18 spots, 
and the lowest series 12. If these numbers are constant they furnish 
a means of distinguishing these nearly related larve. In larve of 


longicaudus that have attained fair size the vertical bars on the tail are ° 


apparent, thus making this character available for identifying larvee 
as well as adults. 

Only large larvee of guttolineatus have been seen. These are con- 
spicuously marked. In the upper series of clear areas there are four, 
and the middle and lower series form continuous light bands on the 
sides of the animal. The belly is longitudinally striped, this character 
serving to separate these larvee from any others of the genus here 
considered. 

The young larvee of 47//neatus have the upper series of larval areas 
very conspicuous and the lower two series not evident. The upper 
of these is developed to some extent later. Also dé/ineatus larvee 
have the dorsal area light in very early as well as later stages, and 
there are never as many nor as prominent blotches on it as in sacul/- 
caudus.  Spelerpes ruber is easily distinguished in all stages. The 
older larvee are, up to the time of transformation, almost uniformly 
vermiculated with pigment, while the young larve, in addition to 
practical uniformity of color, have a decided character in the great 
number of areas in the middle series, namely, 28. These resemble 
the stitching of a sewing machine, so close together are they, and 
appear as a finely dotted line on the side of the larve. In this series 
it will be remembered maculicaudus has only 13 to 15. These 
series of immaculate areas on the side of the larval salamanders seem 
to form a good character for the determination of species. Therefore 
we offer tentatively a table embodying the results of the study of a 
few species as a further aid in distinguishing the larye of the cave 
salamander, 


No, 1443. 


Tabulation of the immaculate areas on the sides of larval salamanders. 


Name. Upper row. | Middle row. | Lower row. 

Spelerpes maculicaudus .......-------- 10 | 13-16, | 7-13 
Beererpes Uilinedius... 2.2.5... 2----2-- 14) @indistinct. indistinct. 
LE ee ae 13 28 do. 

Spelerpes longicaudus......--.-------- >bunknown. 16-18 | ie 
Bperenpes guilolineatus.....2.-..-.---- ¢4 | continuous. continuous. 
Diemyciylus viridescens .......-------- a6 | 12 | indistinct. 
MUENIMOOMGUNUS FUSCUS —.-- ==. 2-----2- 10-11 al 10 
Eamblystoma opacum .....------------ 5 g) | 12 


a See notes above. 
b Only 1 large larva at hand. 


¢ Only large larvee seen. 


dad Only one specimen examined. 


Using the table in connection with the remarks above there should 
be no difficulty in separating the species treated. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE PRINTED RECORDS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF 
SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. 


Indiana: 


Brookville, Franklin County. 
Northeastern Franklin County. 


Decatur County. 


Westport, Decatur County. 


Monroe County. 


Bloomington, Monroe County. 


May’s Cave. 


Vincennes, Knox County. 


Indian Springs, Martin County. 

Porter’s Cave, Owen County. 

Donnehue’s Cave, Lawrence County. 
Donnelson’s Cave, Lawrence County. 

Kern’s Cave, Lawrence County. 

Clifty Cave, Washington County. 

Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County. 

Little Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County. 
Small cave near Wyandotte, Crawford County. 


Marengo Cave, Crawford County. 
Saltpeter Cave, Crawford County. 
Sibert’s Well Cave, Crawford County. 


Missouri: 
Barry County. 
Rockhouse Cave. 
Wilson’s Cave. 
Marble Cave. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——6 


= 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


ADDITIONAL RECORDS. 


Besides the stations given above, the following localities are repre- 
sented by specimens in the United States National Museum: Barger’s 


Spring, near Hinton, West Virginia; Union County and Winehouse 


Cave, Tennessee; Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, and Jefferson County, 
Missouri. The following localities may now be added to the Indiana 
list: Mayfield’s and Truitt’s caves, Stony and Leonard’s springs and 
Griffey Creek, Monroe County; and Twin Caves, Lawrence County. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


Buarcuiey, W. S., Indiana caves and their fauna. Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Ind., 1896 
(1897), pp. 121-212, pls. rv—x11, figs. Habits and distribution. 

Burier, A. W., Contributions to Indiana Herpetology, No.3. Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. 
Hist., XIV, 1891-2, pp. 169-179. Sums up existing knowledge of the species. 

Corr, FE. D., On a new species of Salamander from Indiana. Am. Nat., XXIV, 1890, 
pp. 966-7, figs. (Gyrinophilus maculicaudus. ) 

Geographical Distribution, pp. 1199-1234 in The Crocodilians, Lizards, and 
Snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. Smith. Inst., 1898 (1900), 1294 pp., 36 pls., 
figs. The portion on distribution includes batrachia. 

EIGENMANN, C. H., Degeneration in the eyes of the cold-blooded vertebrates of the 
North American caves. Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1899 (1900), pp. 31-46. 

- Degeneration in the eyes of the cold-blooded vertebrates of the North Amer- 

ican caves. Science, N. 8., XL, 1900, pp. 492-503. A reprint of the above. 

The Blind Fishes of North America. Pop. Sci. Mo., LVI, 1899-1900, pp. 

473-486, figs. Refers to and figures S. maculicaudus. 

The eyes of the blind vertebrates of North America, II]. The eyes of 

Typhlomolge rathbuni Stejneger. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc., X XI, 1899, pp. 49-56, 

pls. ntand tv. Refers to S. maculicaudus and figures the eye. 

Description of a new cave salamander, Spelerpes stejnegeri, from the caves 
of southwestern Missouri. Trans. Am. Micr. Soc., XXII, 1901, pp. 189-192, 
pls. xxvu-xxvur. Refers to and figures S. maculicaudus. 

EIGENMANN, C. H., and Kennepy, C., Variation notes. Biol. Bull., IV, 5, April, 
1903, pp. 227-30, figs. Description and figures of a melanistic S. maculicaudus. 
The figures are reprinted on page 131 of ‘‘ Indiana University, 1820-1904.’ Roy. 
8vo. Bloomington, Ind., 1904. 

GAINES, ANGus. Batrachia of Vincennes, Indiana. Am. Nat., X XIX, 1895, pp. 53-6. 

Hay, O. P., Note on Gyrinophilus maculicaudus Cope. Am. Nat., XX V, 1891, pp. 
1133-5. Points out inapplicability of Gyrinophilus. Spelerpes must be substituted. 

The Batrachians and Reptiles of the State of Indiana. Ann. Rep. Dept. 

Geol. Ind., 1891, pp. 409-602, pls. 1-111. Habits and distribution. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
eer winy SYM 
Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope). 


Fig. 1. Larva, 17.5 mm. long x 4. Lateral view. 
2. Larva, 21 mm. long x 4. Lateral view. 
3. Larva, 36.5 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 
4. Larva, 48 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 
5. Larva, 51.7 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 
6. Young adult, 55 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 
7. Young adult, 55.5 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 


1 


4 


4 


No. 1443. 


CAVE SALAMANDERS—BANTA AND McATEE. 


3 


Big. 1. 
. Half-grown adult, 88 mm. long x 2. Lateral view. 


STD Ove CoN 


PLATE IX. 


Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope). — 


. Larva, 17.5 mm. long x 4. Dorsal view. 
. Larva, 21 mm. long x 4. Dorsal view. 
. Larva, 36.5 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. 


Larva, 48 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. 


. Larva, 51.7 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. 
. Young adult, 55 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. 
. Young adult, 55.5 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. 


PuaTEe X. 
Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope). 


Half-grown adult, 88 mm. long x 2. Dorsal view. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. VIII 


LARV4 AND YOUNG ADULTS OF SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 82. 


onthe Set a 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. Ix 


LARVA AND YOUNG ADULTS OF SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 83. 


a | >. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. X 


ADULT OF SPELERPES MACULICAUDUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 88. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS. 


By Wiiuiam ScHaus, 
Of Twickenham, England. 


The following paper is a continuation of one presented by me in 
these Proceedings, X XIX, 1905, pp. 179-345. (No. 1420.) One hun- 
‘dred and fifty-one species are described here. 


Family CITHERONIID. 
Genus ARSENURA Dunean. 


ARSENURA BIUNDULATA, new species. 


Body brown. Primaries: the costal margin dull gray, irrorate on 
basal third with dark brown; cell and beyond to postmedial line buff, 
irrorate with black and brown; a broad blackish-brown streak on dis- 
cocellular; antemedial line inwardly oblique from subcostal to median, 
then outwardly curved, blackish brown, inwardly shaded with buff; 
below cell to inner margin brown, also between postmedial and sub- 
terminal lines; the postmedial reddish, slightly incurved below vein 2; 
the subterminal whitish, inwardly edged with black, forming a deep 
outward curve at vein 7 and outward curves above and below vein 3, 
followed by a black shade irrorated with pale-blue scales, forming 
projecting markings above and below vein 5, and partly followed by 
whitish from below vein 4 to inner margin; the black shades are inter- 
rupted from vein 6 to below costa, where there is a large black spot, 
and replaced by a gray shade edged with white lines; some dark-red 
shades above and below vein 6; apex roseate; outer margin otherwise 
dull olivaceous brown. Secondaries: basal half light brown, with 
very long scales partly dark brown; outer part to subterminal clear 
dark brown; the subterminal white, slightly angled above and below 
vein 3, followed by a brown shade; a black shade outwardly toothed 
and irrorate with pale-blue scales; outer margin light brown, with 
thick dark-brown Junular spot. Underneath grayish buff, irrorated 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1444. 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. WOU y KKex, 


with brown; dark streaks on the discocellulars; a dark-brown outer 
line; the postmedial more buff-white, with only traces of black shades. 

Expanse.—150 mm. 

FHabitat.—Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 

Some males are smaller than the type specimen, and the female is 
considerably larger. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9451, U.S.N.M. 


ARSENURA DRUCEI, new species. 


Body brown, the thorax tinged with gray. Primaries: costa to 
postmedial line dark gray, thinly irrorated with black; a grayish buff 
shade below subcostal also irrorate with black; otherwise brown, more 
reddish brown between postmedial and subterminal; inner margin 
grayish brown; a vague dark-gray streak on discocellular; postmedial 
dark brown, slightly wavy, fine, black, outcurved at vein 7, then finely 
wavy, followed by white between veins 4 and 5 and by smaller white 
spots at veins 3, 2, and below vein 2; from below vein 4 an irregular 
blackish shade to inner margin, crossed by a bluish-white line; a 
broad lilacine gray space from vein 6 to costal margin, outwardly 
indentate at vein 7 and edged by a fine white line, terminating in a 
small black spot on costa, partly followed by a reddish shade. Sec- 
ondaries grayish brown to outer line, then dark brown to subterminal, 
which is whitish, finely wavy, and followed by a blackish line, thick- 
ening between the veins. Underneath lilacine buff, irrorated with 
black; black spots on discocellulars; a fine dark-brown outer line; the 
postmedial lunular, wavy, consisting of a geminate line of lilacine 
scales, the outer margins olive brown without irrorations. 

Expanse.—Female, 145 mm. 

Habitat. —Chiriqui, Panama. 

This species is figured” as the female of C. arcaei Druce, of which 
I have both sexes. The two species are quite different underneath. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9452, U.S.N.M. 
ARSENURA THOMSONI, new species. 


Body buff, the thorax tinged with grayish brown. Primaries, light 
brown, strongly shaded with gray at base and above median and vein 2 
to near the outer line, this grayish portion irrorated with black; faint 
traces of an antemedial brownish line; discocellular edged with brown; 
the outer line fine, blackish brown, nearly straight from vein 6 to inner 
margin, outwardly shaded with white between veins 4 and 5 and 
between 2 and submedian, otherwise followed by large patches of 
iridescent steel-gray; above vein 6 the line continues straight to costa 
as a grayish shade, followed by a lilacine gray space outwardly edged 
by a fine white line, deeply indentate on vein 7, and by black points 


@ Biologia Centrali-Americana, pl. xrx, fig. 3. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 87 


at vein 8 and white lines above and below vein 8 from this point to 
apex; a reddish brown streak from below vein 6 to outer margin at 
vein 7. Secondaries, pale brown; the long hairs on basal portion 
tinged with gray; a darker brown postmedial shade followed by a 
blackish gray shade; a subterminal iridescent steel-gray shade, out- 
wardly lunular, and crossed by a vague paler line. The wing is much 
prolonged below vein 5. Underneath pale gray, thinly irrorated witla 
blackish striae; dark brown streaks on discucellulars; some marginal 
lunular whitish shades, followed on secondaries by paired pale reddish 
brown streaks at veins; a dark gray outer shade on primaries. 

Expanse.—Male, 152 mm. 

Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. 

Named after Mr. S. A. Thomson, to whom I am indebted for this 
fine species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9453, U.S.N.M. 


ARSENURA SAMBA, new species. 


Primaries: outer margin strongly crenulate, produced at vein 6; 
dark brown, whitish violaceus washed to terminal fourth; darker at 
base with a different obsolete line and white hair on inner margin sub- 
bassally; inner line straight, dark, diffused, faintly edged with whitish 
inwardly; a mesial line slightly curved, crossing end of cell and touch- 
ing outer line at submedian fold; outer line from costa at outer third, 
with a diffuse white costal blotch before and after its inception, dark, 
at vein 4, joining the dark marginal shade and thence forming its inner 
border, separated below by a few white scales. Secondaries: outer 
margin produced into a long tail; dark brown, a faint darker straight 
mesial band with a few scattered, gray scales beyond; inner half of 
wing toward base densely haired. Below dark brown, a large patch 
of brownish white on margin at end of vein7 and a smaller one below 
vein 6, both irrorated with brown. 

Expanse.—100 mm. 

Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9454, U.S.N.M. 


Genus AUTOMERIS Hubner. 
AUTOMERIS MERIDANA, new species. 


Head and thorax pale olivaceous brown. Abdomen crimson aboye, 
underneath and anal hairs buff-brown. » Primaries pale buff-brown 
irrorate with olivaceous scales; antemedial line wavy, ocherous; a quad- 
rate dark gray space at end of cell, with a few black points on its 
edge; an outer blackish line from costa near apex to inner margin be- 
yond middle, inwardly edged with ocherous below vein 6. Secondaries: 
the costal and outer margins buff-gray; inner margin broadly reddish; 
otherwise deep yellow to the black outer line, which is finely wavy; 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOLAKIKe 


the ocellus dark brown, edged with black and containing a white spot; 
the black outer line followed by a broad violaceous brown shade. 
Underneath brownish buff. Primaries: a large black spot at end of 
cell containing a white spot; an outer dentate blackish shade. Second- 
aries: a white point on discocellular. 

Expanse.—Male, 60 mm. 

fHabitat.—Merida, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9455, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS VOMONA, new species. 


Male.—Head and thorax light brown. Abdomen black above with 
transverse reddish lines posteriorly on the segments. Primaries pale 
pinkish brown; antemedial line very indistinct and irregular; the outer 
line slightly sinuous from costa close to apex to middle of inner mar- 
gin, dark gray-brown, inwardly edged with ocherous; a reddish-brown 
space at end of cell surrounded by a few black points. Secondaries 
pale yellow; the costal and outer margins roseate brown; the base and 
inner margin broadly red; the ocellus dark brown, broadly edged with 
black and containing a white spot; the yellow space limited by a black 
evenly-curved line, followed by a subterminal reddish shade. 

Female.—The primaries are: bright reddish brown, the outer line 
broadly edged inwardly with white. 

Expanse.—Male, 71 mm.; female, 90 mm. 

Habitat.—Merida, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9456, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS ANNULATA, new species. 


Male.—Body above dark olive brown, the abdomen with whitish 
transverse lines posteriorly. Primaries olivaceous brown to outer line, 
then buff-gray; a fine brown antemedial line, oblique from costa to 
median, then wavy to inner margin; a dark annular line at end of cell, 
and a dark point within it; the outer line dark brown, from apex to 
middle of inner margin. Secondaries: the costal and outer margins 
broadly gray; the inner margin broadly olive brown; discal space 
bright yellow, limited by a slightly wavy black line; a broad subter- 
minal brown shade; the ocellus blackish brown, broadly circled with 
black, and containing a few white scales. Underneath buff-gray; a- 
large black spot with white center on primaries. 

EHxpanse.—T4 mm. 

Habitat.—Omai, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9457, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS INNOXIA, new species. 


Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen light brown, violaceous 
red subdorsally. Primaries dark brown, tinged with roseate on outer 
margin; antemedial line fine, black, wavy; some white atoms at base; 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 89 


a large darker space at end of cell, indistinctly outlined with black 
and containing a minute gray point; postmedial line fine, dark, nearly 
straight from costa at 9 mm. from apex to inner margin. Secondaries 
violaceous red; the outer margin roseate brown; the ocellus very 
large, blackish brown, crossed by a white line and broadly circled 
with black, then narrowly with yellow; it interrupts a black outer 
line. Underneath light brown. Primaries: the inner margin violace- 
ous red; a very large black spot at end of cell containing a white 
spot; a minute white spot on discocellular of secondaries. 

Expanse.—T7 mm. 

Habitat. —Omai, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9458, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS POMIFERA, new species. 


Head and thorax brown. Abdomen reddish above, light brown 
underneath. Primaries brown; some white at base; antemedial line 
fine, black, very slightly wavy; the dark space at end of cell oval, 
finely edged with black and containing a white point; postmedial line 
fine, black, from costa at 7 mm. from apex; a very indistinct darker 
subterminal shade. Secondaries: the costa, base, inner margin, and 
subterminal shade reddish; the outer margin light brown; the discal 
area bright yellow, limited by a black outer line; the ocellus dark 
brown broadly circled with black, and containing a cluster of black 
scales crossed by a white line. 

Expanse.—7T2 mm. 

Habitat.—Carabaya, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9459, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS JUCUNDOIDES, new species. 


Head and thorax reddish brown. Abdomen brownish yellow, 
shaded with pale reddish brown subdorsally at base. Primaries: basal 
space pale reddish brown; some lilacine at base; median space pale 
lilacine brown; a blackish space at end of cell; postmedial line fine, 
pale reddish brown from costa near apex; outer margin light ocherous 
brown, witha paler subterminal shade. Secondaries pale reddish; the 
ocellus large, light brown circled with black and then with yellow, 
containing a few white and gray scales, outer line short. Underneath 
pale reddish brown, a darker outer line; a large black spot on pri- 
maries containing a white point; a minute white and gray spot on 
secondaries. 

Expanse.—63 mm. 

Hlabitat.—St. Laurent, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No.*9460, U.S.N.M. 


90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


AUTOMERIS HAMATA, new species. 


Head and thorax dark reddish brown. Abdomen reddish. Prima- 
ries ocherous brown in the male, lilacine brown in the female; apices 
produced and falcate in the male, Jess so in the female; line dark 
brown; antemedial line straight to median, inwardly angled at vein 2, 
then outwardly oblique to middle of inner margin; the medial space 
slightly darker; a dark streak on discocellular encircled by an irregu- 
lar dark line; the postmedial from costa at about 9 mm. from apex, 
then slightly incurved to inner margin, heavily irrorate inwardly with 
white above vein 6; a paler lunular subterminal shade. Secondaries 
pale reddish; the outer margin light brown; the ocellus pale lilacine 
brown, circled with black and containing a small cluster of black and 
white scales; the outer line fine, wavy, black edged with yellow, 
broadly in the male, also outwardly in the female. 

Expanse.—Male, 75 mm.; female, 85 mm. 

Habitat.—Costa Rica and Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9461, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS MORESCA, new species. 


Male.—Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen light reddish. Pri- 
maries lilacine brown, shaded with buff beyond cell and on outer mar- 
gin; an irregular darker space at end of cell, edged with dark points; 
a subterminal dark line, inwardly edged with buff, from costa near apex 
to inner margin nearangle. Secondaries light reddish, the outer margin 
lilacine brown, the ocellus large, gray-brown, containing a black spot 
irrorated with white and crossed by a white line, broadly circled with 
black; the outer line fine, black, slightly wavy, inwardly shaded with 
yellow, and followed by a reddish-brown shade. 

Expanse.—78 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9462, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS PARILIS, new species. 


Male.—Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen reddish. Prima- 
ries brownish buff, the lines dark, medially edged with yellow; the 
antemedial slightly oblique and wavy; a large dark gray space at end 
of cell, with a few minute black points on its edge; the postmedial from 
costa at 5mm. fromapex; a pale reddish-brown shade from costa at two- 
thirds from base to postmedial line at vein 4; a subterminal yellowish- 
buff shade parallel to postmedial from apex to vein 4, then forming 
two outward curves to vein 2; beyond this the outer margin is paler. 
Secondaries pale reddish, the outer margin buff-gray; the ocellus 
grayish brown, broadly circled with black and containing a round 
black spot crossed by a white line; the outer line black, slightly wavy, 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 91 


followed by a violaceous shade. Underneath light brown; a dark 
outer line; a large black spot on primaries, containing some gray 
seales; a large white point on secondaries. 

Expanse.—90 mim. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

A female from Trinidad, evidently belonging to this species, has the 
primaries and outer margin of secondaries lilacine browa. 

The species is allied to A. cllustris Walker. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9463, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS ORODINA, new species. 


Head and thorax greenish buff. Abdomen yellow with narrow trans- 
verse black bands. Primaries green-buff, the lines fine, blackish; the 
antemedial straight from costa at 6 mm. from apex; a subterminal 
grayish shade. Secondaries yellow, the ocellus red, circled with black 
and containing a pink center, followed by a black band and broad 
subterminal black band. 

Expanse.—51 mm. 

Habitat.—Paraguay. 

This species is very much like A. orodes Boisduval, but the outer 
margin of primaries is quite straight. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9464, U.S.N.M. 


AUTOMERIS CURVILINEA, new species. 


Head and thorax blackish brown. Abdomen above rufous brown, 
with transverse black bands; underneath dull brown. 

Male.—Primaries grayish brown, more distinctly brown between 
postmedial and subterminal; antemedial line black, straight; a clearer 
brown space at end of cell, with large black spot above and below it: 
postmedial fine black from costa near apex, forming a deep inward 
curve to inner margin; a dark brown subterminal shade nearly 
straight. Secondaries rufous brown; the outer margin gray-brown: 
the ocellus large, dull brown, broadly circled with black, and contain- 
ing a few black and white scales, followed by a black line and a nar- 
row brown shade. 

Expanse.—T2 mm. 

FHabitat.—Rio Cocolado, Peru. 

Female grayer in tone; the secondaries dark gray, with a few ocher- 
ous hairs at base. 

Expanse.—115 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9465, U.S.N.M. 


99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. . 


- 


Genus PHRICODIA Hubner. 


PHRICODIA BAROMA, new species. 


Male.—Primaries brown buff, incompletely shaded in blackish, ter- 
minated in intravenular rounded arcs at position of subterminal line; 
a round black discal dot faintly outlined in gray; base red brown, lim- 
ited by an outwardly oblique white line. Secondaries reddish to the 
disk, margin buff brown; basal hairs brighter red; discal dot and 
curved mesial line dark brown, followed by a pinkish space and a broad 
dark-brown outer band. Underneath the primaries have a mesial 
whitish shade and dark subterminal band, both faint; secondaries 
similarly marked, more distinctly. 

Female.—Primaries with distinct inner and outer lines, dark brown, 
the former angled subcostally, edged on one side with whitish; discal 
dot brown, faint. Secondaries paler red than the male, the bands dif- 
fused and moved nearer the outer margin. Abdomen ochraceous 
brown with black segmental bands and long white hairs. 

Expanse.—Male, 90 mm.; female, 115 mm. 

Habitat.— 

Type.—Cat. No. 9466, U.S.N.M. 

The specimens were received from Staudinger as ‘* Dirphia calchas 
Stoll.” 


Genus COPAXA Walker. 
COPAXA RUFINANS, new species. 


Head brown. Collar gray; thorax reddish. Abdomen light brown. 
Primaries costa gray for over one-half from base; from base to beyond 
cell the wing is reddish, darkest in cell and above it; a curved black 
antemedial line in cell, and an oblique black line below it, angled on 
submedian; apical space and at inner angle dull brown; some lilacine 
on costa at apex; the outer line dark brown from vein 7 near margin to 
near middle of inner margin, preceded below vein 3 by a fine lunular 
dark line; outer margin broadly lilacine; a fine hyaline streak at end 
of cell edged with black and yellow. Secondaries dull brown; a 
straight black antemedial line; a spot at end of cell as on fore wings; 
a broad postmedial reddish shade followed by dentate black line, and 
then by a narrow reddish shade; the outer margin shaded with reddish. 

vpanse.—108 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9467, U.S.N.M. 


COPAXA MARONA, new species. 


Head dark brown. Collar gray; thorax and abdomen dark fawn. 
Wings grayish fawn. Primaries: costa gray to beyond middle; cell 
light reddish brown crossed by a black line; an antemedial black line 


| 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 93 


below cell; base of median vein black; a black line from costa to cell 
spot, which is large, hyaline, edged by a geminate black line; a black 
line from vein 7 at outer margin to beyond middle of inner margin, 
preceded below vein 6 by a lunular black line; outer margin tinged 
with gray. Secondaries: a black antemedial line; cell spot as on 
primaries followed by a narrow reddish brown shade, and then by 
black streaks on the veins connected by a fine, black, irregular line; 
a submarginal black line. 

Expanse.—97 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9468, U.S.N.M. 


COPAXA LINEATA, new species. 


Body pinkish fawn color. Wings roseate brown, irrorated with 
blackish striz; discocellular, veins from cell and submedian dark 
brown; a straight postmedial brown line; a subterminal fine brown 
line; an oblique brown line from costa near base to middle of inner 
margin; a whitish shade at apex. Secondaries similarly marked, the 
veins, a straight mesial line and a curved submarginal line dark brown. 

EHxpanse.—107 mm. 

FHlabitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9469, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HYLESIA Hubner. 


HYLESIA TERRANEA, new species. 


Female.—Uniformly dark brown, unmarked; wings slightly trans- 
lucent; faint traces of a darker discal mark; abdomen with dark yellow 
tuftings at the sides. 

Expanse.—53 mm. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9470, U.S.N.M. 


Family LYMANTRIIDZ. 
Genus CAVIRIA Walker. 


CAVIRIA VESTALIS, new species. 


Body white; palpi laterally streaked with black. Primaries white, 
silvery, but not so brilliant as in C. regina Cramer, with three duller 
white shades inwardly oblique from costa. Secondaries white. Anten- 
nx pale straw color. — 

Hxpanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9471, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to C. substrigosa Walker. 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus ELORIA Walker. 


ELORIA CUBANA, new species. 


Antenne brownish yellow; body and wings white, thinly scaled. 
Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9472, U.S.N.M. 


ELORIA AROENSIS, new species. 


Antenne dark gray. Body and wings white. Primaries: the costa 
very finely dark gray; the apical area smoky gray. Underneath the 
apex broadly light brown. 

Expanse.—87 mm. 

Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 94738, U.S.N.M. 


ELORIA SERENA, new species. 


Head and collar pale yellow. Antenne dark grey; thorax and abdo- 
men white. Legs streaked with black and grey; wings white. Pri- 
maries: the costa black; the fringe above vein 4 greyish; the apex 
slightly greyish. Underneath the apex is blackish grey, the veins 
darker. 

Expanse.—37 mm. 

Habitat.—Rockstone, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9474, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to 4. grandis Druce. 


Genus DOA Neumoegen and Dyar. 


DOA ? CUBANA, new species. 


Body pale grey; antenne and legsdarker grey. Primaries whitish, 
thinly scaled; a broad median pale grey shade; the outer margin grey; 
a pale grey postmedial shade from vein 5 to inner margin; two black 
points at end of cell followed from there to costa by a dark grey shade, 
widest on costa. Secondaries pale smoky grey. 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Flabitat.—Matanzas, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9475, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MANTRUDA, new genus. 


Antenne pectinated on basal half, tip serrate; palpi upturned to 
middle of front; legs densely hairy. Primaries rather squarely tri- 
angular; vein 5 arising near 4, 6, and 7 stalked, 8 absent, 9, 10, 11 
from cell. Hind wings with the costa with an irregular lobe outwardly; 
vein 5 near the lower angle of cell, 6 and 7 from a point, 8 anastomos- 
ing at base, bent out into the costal lobe. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 95 


MANTRUDA ERRATICA, new species. 


Thorax dark brown; antennz strongly bipectinate, the tips serrate. 
Primaries dark brown, sericeous, with faint traces of darker lines. 
Secondaries with the costal margin expanded in two lobes, the outer 
one larger; asmall projection between veins 6 and 7; costa dark brown; 
disk white; inner and outer margins pale brown. Legs brown, the 
middle tibize especially dark. Abdomen pale brown. 

Hupanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 8283, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PHECADA Walker. 
PHECADA JOANNA, new species. 


Antennz bipectinate to the tips, the shaft white, pectinations pale 
testaceous. Primaries sericeous sordid grey; medial space all over- 
spread with violaceous brown between the arcuate inner and crenulate 
outer lines, except about end of cell and in center of space below and 
above vein 1; a faint dark shade along margin above, terminating 
obliquely to apex. Hind wing similar, the median dark band narrow 
and less distinct. Below twocommon dark crenulate approximate lines 
and faint discal dots. 

Expanse.—50 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 8284, U.S.N.M. 


Family EUPTEROTID4. 
Genus CARTHARA Walker. 
CARTHARA ROSEILINEA, new species. 


Primaries dark olive brown, the costa pale carneous shaded, espe- 
pecially subapically; a violaceous ray along median vein, furcate on veins 
3 and 4 to margin, inclosing a pale space; inner line pale, faint; outer 
line near the margin, excurved parallel to the bent margin, distinct, 
whitish, narrow above, obscure below; a minute black discal dot; a 
marginal violaceous shade, obsolete below. Secondaries violaceous 
brown, paler on costa edge; outer line pale, dark within, bent in the 
middle; blackish superposed bars on innermargin. Collar dark brown; 
body violaceous shaded. Below, costa and inner margin broadly yel- 
lowish carneous; secondaries dark brown; a white discal dot; outer 
line more distinct than above, white near angle, cutting a black patch, 
which is the continuation of a faint narrow black inner mesial line. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 8285, U.S.N.M. 


96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


CARTHARA UMBRATA, new species. 


Male.—Primaries sordid ocherous in ground but overlaid with red- 
brown and olivaceous. Base washed with red-brown; inner. line 
whitish, lilaceous shaded, dentate on median vein, followed by a broad 
dark-brown olivaceous shaded band; median space of the pale ground 
color, washed with lilaceous centrally; outer line fine, pale, waved in 
ares between the veins, preceded by a broad dark band like'the inner one, 
followed above vein 4 by an clivaceous brown band, incised on its outer 
edge above vein 4, squarely terminated; veins 3°to 6 narrowly light 
yellow; two small superposed dark discal dots; fringe dark red in the 
subapical excavation. Secondaries ocherous, washed with dark red in 
patches; mesial lines two, approximate, parallel, slightly flexuous; 
fringe dark red; inner margin dark red with brown and whitish bars, 
not strongly relieved.. Below dark red-brown; outer margin of pri- 
maries violaceous, inner broadly pale yellow; two dark wavy mesial 
lines on both wings; a discal bar on secondaries, the anal angle broadly 
dark shaded, the shade cut in two pale ares by the outer line. 

Female.—Uarger, less brightly colored; the outer of the dark bands 
of primaries is obsolete below vein 4, but its edges persist as waved 
dark lines. Secondaries overspread with brown. — 

Expanse.—Male, 35 mm., female, 48 mm. 

Habitat.—Chiriqui, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 8286, U.S.N.M. 


Family DIOPTID. 
Genus LAURON Walker. 
LAURON ALBIPLAGA, new species. 


Black, with a blue reflection; patagia orange red; a large rounded 
white subapical spot on primaries, not attaining costa or margin. A 
broad subyentral white band on abdomen. 

Hxpanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 8287, U.S.N.M. 


Family NOCTUID. 
Genus ERIOPYGA Guenée. 
ERIOPYGA GRISEIRENA, new species. 


Antenne serrate and fasiculate. Primaries red-brown, vinous 
shaded, lighter in basal and outer median spaces; lines clouded, 
obseure, the subterminal the most distinct, twice arcuate, limiting the 
destinctly darker terminal space; reniform large, powdery whitish 
gray filled, dark below, obscurely limited; other spots obsolete. Hind 


a 


No, 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. oT 


wings subpellucid, veins dark, costa, median interspaces and fringe 
vinous tinted. Below vinous tinted outwardly; an outer dark band 
on primaries and costal half of secondaries. 

Expanse.—41 mm. 

LHabitat.— 

Type.—Cat. No. 9516, U.S.N.M. 


Genus XYLINISSA Hampson. 


XYLINISSA LIGNITIS, new species. 


Antenne moderately pectinated on basal half, the tips simple. 
Primaries dark ashen, the median space below stigmata darkened. 
Orbicular large, oblong, as large as the reniform, both of the ground 
color, indistinctly outlined in black; lines obsolete; a subterminal row 
of short black venular dashes; terminal space narrowly dark, limited 
by a faint pale line within, roundedly incised at vein 3; a black spot 
in submedian interspace edging an intensification of the subterminal 
line. Secondaries white, subpellucid, the veins black lined; fringe 
white. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Bogota, Colombia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9517, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EUDIPNA Walker. 


EUDIPNA TEMPLADA, new species. 


Antenne serrate and ciliate. Primaries brown-grey, finely irrorated 
over a lighter ground, which appears irregularly. Lines single, finely 
waved, black, pale edged without, the black part obsolete below sub- 
median vein; claviform orbicular and reniform concolorous, narrowly 
dark outlined, the reniform with small white specks without; subter- 
minal line irregular, wavy, broken, narrowly pale, inclining to be 
divided into spots; a diffuse white subapical shade; a black patch 
helow it between veins 4 and 5; a terminal black line and venular 
white points. Secondaries blackish brown with white specks before 
the margin mesially; fringe apically pale, spotted with brown mesially; 
a terminal broken black line. Below light brownish, brown irrorate; 
two common dark brown mesial lines inclosing the discal dots, those 
of fore wings marked with black on costa and with four costo-apical 
white dots, of hind wing, widely excurved mesially, the outer produced 
crenulate between the veins. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.—Oaxaca, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No.*9518, U.S.N.M. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——7 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


le) 
CO 


Genus NA-NIA Stephens. 
NAENIA RANDA, new species. 


Grey-brown; primaries mottled and specked in pale ocherous; lines 
obsolete, dotted, lost in the general uneven surface; orbicular and 
reniform traceable, large, the reniform with more conspicuous pale 
included dot; transverse posterior line punctiform, subterminal of 
larger pale cusps; a large deep black irregularly quadrangular blotch 
in median space between vein 1 and median and between transverse 
anterior and posterior lines. Secondaries whitish at base, outer two- 
fifths dark gray brown, preceded by a dark outer mesial line; some 
black and white specks on fold at vein 2; fringe pale above, black 
lined near angle. Below pale, primaries largely dark powdered; two 
wavy outer lines and discal spots brown-gray, the submarginal line 
broad. 

EHxpanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. 

Type.—No. 9519, U.S.N.M. 

A female from St. Jean, French Guiana, has the secondaries all 
dark and a blue patch on inner margin near base. 


NAENIA SABRELLA, new species. 


Warm, pinkish brown; basal line geminate, black, crenulate, filled 
by the warm ground color; transverse anterior and posterior lines 
similar, tending to be broken into lunules, the black edge next median 
space heavier in both; median space above vein 1 filled in with smoky 
brown, relieving the large orbicular and reniform, which are of the 
ground color, obscurely paler ringed; a wavy black mesial line from 
the reniform downward; a small spot below orbicular; terminal and 
subterminal spaces checkered, the subterminal line irregular wavy, of 
the ground color; a row of terminal black points preceded by little 
pale specks. Hind wing blackish brown; a faint narrow outer pale 
line with black speck above anal angle; fringe pale ocherous pinkish. 
Below primaries blackish except the pale discal mark and two bands 
near the margin. Secondaries powdered black; inner line, discal dot, 
outer crenulate line and submarginal band, all black. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

fHabitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9520, U.S.N.M. 

Genus INGURA ‘Gueneée: 
INGURA SABULOSA, new species. 

Dark gray-brown, variegated with white; a round luteous spot near 

base, preceded by white specks; ordinary lines black, fine, obscured 


in the dark ground; orbicular round, white; reniform a broad white 
ring with black center; a row of costal white specks before apex; area 


No. 144d. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 99 


of transverse posterior line black shaded; apex to middle of outer 
margin white washed, the fringe black spotted. Secondaries whitish 
brown at base, veins and outer half blackish brown, a small white area 
at anal angle; fringe black and white. Below the costal white spots 
are repeated, enlarged, and there is white at apex; secondaries with 
mesial, outer and submarginal lines, the margin dark grey, the white 
at anal angle repeated. 

Hxpanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9521, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MAKAPTA, new genus. 


Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex, third joint three times as 
long as wide. Hind wings with vein 5 from near the middle of cell, 
weak; fore wings with the apex square, acute. Front smooth, 
rounded; tibiz smooth; eyes naked; thorax with a posterior crest; 
vestiture hairy. 


MAKAPTA CARNESCENS, new species. 


Primaries bronzy reddish, darker over cell and margin; a conspicu- 
ous white lunate discal mark; transverse posterior line only visible, 
though the surface is slightly mottled; this line is regularly curved, 
even, dark brown. Secondaries blackish with dull vinous fringe. 
Below dark, vinous tinted except the disk of fore wings, which is 
sericeous blackish. 

Lixpanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9522, U.S.N.M. 


Genus KOHLERA, new genus. 


Male antenne ciliate; palpi upturned to middle of front, third joint 
minute; proboscis present; eyes naked; tibize without spines. Hind 
wings with vein 5 weak, from below the angle of discocellulars. 


KOHLERA NEBULA, new species. 


Bronzy reddish shining, lines in dark brown; transverse anterior and 
posterior lines even, geminate, the anterior scarcely curved, the poste- 
rior slightly excurved over cell, moderately oblique; orbicular and 
reniform outlined in brown rings; subterminal line of brown spots; 
margin and fringe dark. Secondaries clear shining white, contrasting. 
Below primaries and costal edge of secondaries powdered with red- 
brown, inner two-thirds of secondaries white; a common outer line in 
the powdered part. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

fabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9523, U.S.N.M. 


. 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


KOHLERIA BRUMA, new species. 


Slender; shining violaceous brown; orbicular and reniform neatly 
relieved, paler, faintly dark outlined; lines fine, geminate, brown, nar- 
row, not contrasted, appearing as part of a checkering of the surface; 
subterminal line shaded brown, distinct, the ground color darkened at 
margin. Secondaries brown-gray, shining, pale over disk. Below 
powdered in dark, without lines. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9524, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PERIGEA Guenée. 
PERIGEA CHARADA, new species. 


Lustrous purplish brown, powdery; lines obscure, dark, geminate, 
paler filled; orbicular and reniform paler, scarcely outlined, separated 
by a darkening of the ground color; subterminal line dark within, pale 
without, dislocated subcostally, else nearly straight; fringe interlined 
with dark. Secondaries smoky brown, pale at base, fringe purplish 
with a dark line. Below primaries and costal half of secondaries dark 
powdered; a common dark outer line and fainter submarginal one. 

EHxpanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9525, U.S.N.M. 


PERIGEA CENOLA, new species. 


Darkly blackish, shining; costa of a lighter yellowish shade broadly 
from base to beyond transverse posterior line, where a reddish color 
obtains to margin, the terminal space again blackish. Lines obscure, 
punctate on the veins, the transverse posterior showing in the red 
shade as three rows of black dots; spots indicated by narrow black 
lines with a little paler filling, but scarcely relieved; subterminal line 
reddish, wavy, diffused. Hind wing whitish, smoky along the margin; 
a black line at base of fringe. Thorax blackish, abdomen pale. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9526, U.S.N.M. 


PERIGEA SECORVA, new species. 


Thorax dark brown, its tufts lighter, orbits and base of patagia pale. 
Abdomen pale gray with dorsal blackish spots. Primaries pale gray, 
shaded with dark red-brown in median space below the stigmata and 
in marginal space below, the apical dash; costa light gray, faintly 
greenish tinted, with many black spots along the edge; lines obsolete, 


7 


* 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 101 


transverse anterior visible below, waved; transverse posterior very 
slight. Reniform and orbicular large, pale filled, each with an imper- 
fect black line within the edge; ground color ocherous tinted below 
the costa; subterminal line slender, black, from end of a heavy black 
subapical dash straight to inner margin, followed by a row of black 
points, which crosses the dash to costa; a row of small terminal black 
points. Hind wings white; an outer smoky border and small points 
on veins beyond middle; fringe white. 

Expanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat.—Siao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9527, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NONAGRIA Hubner. 


NONAGRIA INFERNA, new species. 


Purplish black; primaries powdered with violaceous below cell; 
ordinary spots black, punctiform, the orbicular a short dash sur- 
rounded by violaceous scales, the reniform a round dot; a black dash 
between them and a small one following the. reniform; lines lost, 
except the subterminal, which is black, a little irregular, powdery, 
maculate; a row of terminal black dashes. Hind wing creamy white, 
strongly contrasted, gray powdered a little at apex. Abdomen dark 
brown. Below primaries and one-third of secondaries smoky brown, 
the rest of secondaries creamy white. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9528, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HADENA Schrank. 


HADENA JONEA, new species. 


Pale gray, whitish, overlaid with dark gray shades. Thorax whitish, 
black speckled, collar rufuus. Ordinary spots large, round, white, 
broadly olivaceous filled and narrowly black outlined; a dark linear 
shade from costa between them; a number of dark costal dashes; lines 
obsolete, the transverse posterior very far out, linear, black, dentate, 
the dentations pale filled without: a black dash for claviform, forming 
a bar to median shade, succeeded by a bar touching transverse pos- 
terior line; subterminal line close to the transverse posterior, pale, 
faint, waved, enclosing a black shade at costa. Hind wing white, 
shining, a biackish shade at apex and diminishingly along margin. 

Expanse.—30 mam. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9529, U.S.N.M. 


q 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus CARBONA, new genus. 


Palpi smoothly scaled, upturned, third joint small; eyes naked; 
tibiz nonspinose; antenne simple; vestiture scale-tipped hair, some 
metallic scales at back of thorax. Hind wings with vein 5 weak, from 
below the middle of discocellulars. 


CARBONA OBSCURA, new species. 


Brown-black, inner area of primaries uniformly obscured; filling of 
basal, transverse anterior and posterior lines shows on costal half as 
yellowish lunules, supplemented by yellowish costal bars toward apex; 
ordinary spots tinged in burnt brown, dark filled, obscurely black 
ringed. Hind wing shining black-brown. Below as hind wing above, 
without marks. 

Expanse.—380 ram. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9530, U.S.N.M. 


Genus OLIGIA Hubner. 


OLIGIA FUSCOMA, new species. 


Thorax variegated in clay color and dark brown. Primaries with 
the costa straight, the wing narrow; dark brown, slightly bronzy; 
a clay colored space at base surrounding the narrow dark subbasal 
line, projected on median vein; transverse anterior line of four clay 
colored cusps, the lower one outwardly dislocated; orbicular and 
reniform outlined in clay color; a broad costo-apical clay colored 
patch from which the transverse posterior line depends, excurved 
around reniform; subterminal line parallel to margin, defining the 
lighter terminal space. Secondaries grey-brown with large dark 
discal dot. 

Expanse.—21 mm. 

FHabitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9531, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SEMIOPHORA Stephens. 


SEMIOPHORA BASTULA, new species. 


Bronzy brown; a round white spot in upper segment of reniform 
broken into three specks by dark scales; orbicular narrowly white 
ringed; ordinary lines very obscure, black, punctiform, geminate, the 
subterminal a faint wavy, pale shade. Secondaries blackish; discal 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 103 


spot darker. Below dark powdered; a common dark outer line and 
discal spots, that of the secondaries larger. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9532, U.S.N.M. 


SEMIOPHORA PUNCTULA, new species. 


As in the preceding species, but without the white spots in the reni- 
form. This is black filled, narrowly pale ringed, the upper segment 
of the ring white; circle of orbicular nearly without white. The color 
is a little less reddish, more faded than in S. dastula. It is perhaps a 
variety thereof. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9533, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EUSTROTIA Hubner. 


EUSTROTIA GEOGA, new species. 


Dark grey; apex a little touched with white; a faint white shade 
over reniform; lines single, black, transverse anterior nearly straight, 
posterior gently excurved over cell, subterminal finely dentate, limit- 
ing a dark shade, which runs nearly to transverse posterior line; this 
line reddish bordered below without; claviform small, black outlined; 
orbicular and reniform obscurely black outlined, pale filled; traces of 
a median black line; a row of black terminal dashes. Hind wing pale 
brownish; an outer punctate dark line; outer margin and fringe lined 
in blackish. 

Expanse.—21 mm. 

Habitat.—Guadalajara, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9534, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ISCADIA Walker. 


ISCADIA NIGRA, new species. 


Blackish with a slight gray overcast; transverse anterior line black, 
slightly oblique, nearly straight, obscurely geminate, the inner gemi- 
nation brownish, the filling pale, but not contrasted; orbicular circu- 
lar, pale with a brown center; reniform elliptical, broadly black 
ringed, concolorous filled with a comparatively small reniform black 
center; an ashen space on costa before it containing a small black dash; 
transverse posterior line from costa above reniform, rounded outward 
parallel to costa, then angled sharply downward, dentate on the veins 
to below reniformy where it is retracted inward to touch the ring of 
the reniform, and then runs more obscurely to margin; subterminal 


q 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


line whitish, irregularly dentate. Hind wings pure translucent white: 
a smoky black narrow border along outer margin. 
tinpanse.——34 mm. 
[labitat.—Tucuman, Argentine. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9535, U.S.N.M. 


ISCADIA DUCKINFIELDIA, new species. 


Light gray shaded with dark; a broad blotch on costa from trans- 
verse anterior to posterior lines of smoky brown, edged with black 
streaks below; lines as in /. nzgra, rufous edged, the transverse pos- 
terior continuous with the ring of reniform, which seems a part of it, 
broadly encircling the reniform center; subterminal line with blackish 
spots within. Hind wing sordid white, with black diffused oute1z 
edge. 

ipanse.—36 mm. 

TTabitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9536, U.S.N.M. 


ISCADIA STROCA, new species. 


White with a grayish tint. Thorax stained with yellowish; collar 
with three black lines; patagia grayish spotted. Subbasal line dotted; 
transverse interior excurved in middle, slightly waved, the space 
between them partly washed in red-brown; black spots along costa, 
heavier toward apex; trace of a mesial line; a large, round, narrow 
ringlet for reniform; transverse posterior line slender, black, wavy to 
below reniform, then bent inward to nearly touch the ringlet and 
strongly wavy to margin; subterminal line a waved black shade, the 
subterminal space shaded in red-brown; a row of terminal black dots. 
Hind wing white. 

Hxpanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Cat. No. 95387; UlS. NM. 


Type. 
Genus TAZNIOCAMPA Guenée. 


TAENIOCAMPA NAOLINA, new species. 


Bright red-brown; lower half of median space and area about trans- 
verse posterior line washed with purplish; transverse anterior line 
obsolete, it and the subbasal one indicated by vellowish lunules on 
costa; transverse posterior line slender black, deeply dentate; subter- 
minal line light reddish, wavy, diffuse; orbicular triangularly rounded 
on lower inner side, bright white edged, orange filled; reniform orange, 
with a white dot above and below within and row of white specks 
without; a small white mark at end of obsolete claviform. Hind wing 
brownish, a large dark discal spot and faint outer line; fringe pinkish. 


q 


m1 
" 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 105 


Below light colored; discal spots large, pale, contrasted; a dark trans- 
verse posterior line; hind wing with the discal spot and line much 
more distinct on the pale ground. 

Expanse.—80 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9538, U.S.N.M. 


Genus COPHANTA Walker. 


COPHANTA CHRYSARGINEA, new species. 


Blackish brown, the fore wings with a blue metallic luster except on 
the space between transverse posterior line and cell; transverse ante- 
rior line narrow, yellow, forming four arcs; discal dot a dark, very 
faint discoloration; transverse posterior line indicated by a yellow dot 
on costa, arcuate, obsolete, finely geminate; three yellow dots on costa 
beyond; terminal space a little lighter without lines. Secondaries all 
dark brown-black, slightly bronzy. Below greyish black, discal dots 
and outer line faintly traced by following pale shades. 

Exepanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9539, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PLUSIA Ochsenheimer. 


PLUSIA CAUDATA, new species. 


Head and collar ocherous brown, thoracic tufts purplish black. 
Primaries deep purplish brown with a bronzy reflection; basal space 
variegated in clay color; transverse anterior line of this color, straight, 
produced inward on subcostal vein; sign a mark of 8, the outer seg- 
ment filled with yellowish silver, the inner part broken, the two seg- 
ments directed against median vein; transverse posterior line dentate, 
traversing a clay-colored area from costa to vein 5; terminal space 
variegated with clay color; fringes of this color with purplish strige. 
Hind wing dark brown, lighter in cell to base; fringe pale, interlined 
with brown. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat. —Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9540, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ACANTHODICA Sehaus. 
ACANTHODICA PAMELA, new species. 
Collar clay color with brown margin, thorax gray, abdomen yel- 
lowish. Primaries grey, inner and outer halves clay colored, mottled 
in grey; transverse“anterior line far out, straight, broken into slightly 


curved dashes, preceded by a black patch above and below vein 1; 
orbicular and reniform round, faintly defined, grey; a large circular 


106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. XXX. 


spot below reniform, ocherous grey, faintly ringed, darker centered: 
transverse posterior line far out, slightly curved, brown black, nearly 
continuous, followed by a dark-grey narrow shade; an irregular mot- 
tling for subterminal line; a rounded white apical blotch. Secondaries 
pearly white, veins and margin narrowly blackish; fringe yellowish. 

Expanse.—45 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9541, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TRILEUCA Grote. 


TRILEUCA OCHRACEA, new species. 


Yellowish clay color, finely brown irrorate, shading to dark brown 
along outer margin; three slender brown lines, the transverse anterior 
far from base, straight, bent on subcostal vein; a narrow brown discal 
lunule; transverse posterior line produced in a sharp point on vein 6; 
subterminal line excurved over the point of transverse posterior line, 
slightly angled on the veins, else regular and even. Hind wings bright 
ocherous, fringe brownish. Below brown powdered, disk of fore 
wings bright ocher. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9542, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PHIBROMIA, new genus. 


Eyes naked, large; palpi porrect, about twice as long as head, the 
third joint small; antenne simple; tibize nonspinose. Hind wings 
with vein 5 distinct, curved, arising well above vein 4. 


PHIBROMIA NARECTA, new species. 


Dark ocherous, powdered with red; transverse anterior line narrow, 
brown, bent in an angle on submedian; orbicular round, black, white 
centered; reniform narrow, lunate, concolorous, relieved by dark 
scales, fused at both ends to the transverse posterior line, which makes 
a round excurve oyer it, is concolorous above, defined in a dark-brown 
shade, white and perpendicular below. Subterminal line faint, flexu- 
ous, defining the outer edge of a broad dark-brown shade band; termi- 
nal space brown powdered; a row of small dark terminal dots; fringe 
dark. Hind wings yellowish white; a diffused dark outer line and a 
half mesial line on inner margin; a terminal row of black specks; 
fringe brown spotted. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat. —Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9548, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 107 


Genus RHAESENA Walker. 


RHAESENA JALAPENA, new species. 


Violaceous clay color, overlaid with dark brown shades; transverse 
anterior line bent at right angles on median, pale brown edged within; 
transverse posterior oblique, straight from middle of costa to outer 
third of inner margin, pale, edged within by a wide brown shade that 
diffuses nearly to transverse anterior line; reniform mark beyond this 
line minute, but with a curved brown line to costa (the true trans- 
verse posterior line), the curve filled in by a dark shade; terminal area 


. brown shaded, blackish at apex; subterminal line fine, pale, obscure. 


Secondaries blackish. Below reddish irrorate, disk of primaries 
blackish, a common faint darker line. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9544, U.S.N.M. 


RHAESENA NEZEILA, new species. 


Pale violaceous brownish with dark brown shades; basal half of pri- 
maries brown, shading darker before the lines, a light submetallic 
reflection in basal space; transverse anterior line narrow, brown, 
angled on median and submedian veins; transverse posterior straight 
across wing, limiting the dark basal area; lighter beyond, with sub- 
metallic violaceous reflection; reniform a brown speck beyond the 
transverse posterior line, around which the true posterior line makes 
a broad outcurve, slender, brown, flexuous; outer margin prominent 
below the middle, the upper excavation with a dark brown shade 
which runs obliquely inward; subterminal line pale, submacular, brown 
edged within. Hind wing blackish with an elliptical fovea in lower 
part of cell in the male. Below violaceous tinted, brown speckled, 
outer margins, especially of hind wings, red; a common mesial line, 
crenulate on hind wings, which have also a discal dot and a faint sub- 
marginal line. 

Expanse.—27 mim. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9545, U.S.N.M. 


RHAESENA RUBROMARGINATA, new species. 


Dark purplish brown; fore wings with the space to median line 
shaded in dark bronzy brown, the transverse anterior line relieved by 
a little pale shading, slender, brown, angled on submedian; orbicular 
large, circular, paler filled; median line narrow, male, straight across 
wing, limiting the dark area; reniform an obscure irregular line; 
transverse posterior line slender, dark, roundedly excurved over reni- 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


form, running very close to median line below; subterminal line rather 
distant from the margin, narrow, yellowish, breaking into spots on 
the veins below, preceded by a dark bronzy-brown patch on costa and 
at margin and followed by one obliquely from the costal patch to the 
angle of the outer margin. Secondaries blackish brown. Below 
blackish brown, apex of fore wings and submarginal area of hind 
wings irrorated with bright red, of the hind wings inclosing a diffuse 
dark-brown band; a faint discal spot. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.— 

Type.—Cat. No. 9566, U.S.N.M. 


Genus. PHIPROSOPUS Grote. 
PHIPROSOPUS HYPENOIDES, new species. 


Brownish ocherous, fore wings with reddish shades over cell and 
submedian fold; transverse anterior line faint, blackish on lower half 
only; a white point for reniform, below which a narrow white line 
runs straight to margin, blackish edged within; subterminal line sinu- 
ate, composed of a row of black blotches. Hind wing pale ocherous, 
gray tinted especially at margin. Below like hind wings above, a 
broad blackish shade on disk of fore wings to subterminal line; a com- 
mon slender extra mesial line and discal dots. 

Kixpanse.—31 mm. 

LHabitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9546, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CASANDRIA Walker. 
CASANDRIA CHIRICA, new species. 


Light gray, slightly metallic shining, inner area broadly shading 
dark; lines narrow, black; basal line arcuate from costa to base of 
median vein; transverse anterior waved, transverse posterior obsolete 
below, the upper segment distinct, angled inward subcostally; subter- 
minal line finely dentate, white above, dark and fainter below. Hind 
wing pellucid whitish, veins and margin smoky gray. Below, prima- 
ries with costa and outer margin of secondaries dark smoky, disk 
pellucid. 

Kixpanse.—33 mm. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9547, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCHAZAMA, new genus. 


Eyes naked, lashed; palpi upturned, slight, reaching the middle of 
the front; antenne appressed pectinate. Hind wings with vein 5 dis- 
tinct, arising above 4, but shortly so. Abdomen with long furcate 
anal tuft. Female with single frenulum. 


. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCIZA US. 109 


SCHAZAMA ANGUSTIPENNIS, new species. 


Primaries long, triangular, all the area below the middle of cell 
smooth and whitish as if partly denuded, evidently folded in rest; costa 
gray with reddish irrorations; transverse anterior line black, fine on 
costa, a dot on median vein, a strong streak on inner margin; reni- 
form a round black dot with a pale ring, cut in two on median fold, 
lower half obsolete; transverse posterior line geminate on costa, a dot 
on median vein and inner margin. Hind wings whitish subpellucid; a 
dark diseal dot, marginal edge and fringe grey-black. Abdomen with 
a pair of long terminal tufts. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9548, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CORUBIA, new genus. 


Eyes large, naked; tongue small; palpi porrect, the second joint 
brush-like with scales above and below, third joint slender, deflexed, 
not exceeding the hair of the second joint. Tibiz smoothly scaled, 
nonspinose. Hind wing with vein 5 well developed, from the lower 
third of discocellulars. 


CORUBIA TESTACEA, new species. 


Dark orange testaceous, lines blackish; transverse anterior bent at 
right angles on median vein; orbicular a round dot; reniform an 
upright streak; transverse posterior line oblique from costa near apex 
to outer third of inner margin, straight; no subterminal. Hind wings 
ochraceous, blackish powdered all over. Below disk of fore wings 
blackish shaded. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9549, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DORYODES Guenée. 


DORYODES ELONGATA, new species. 


Fore wing lengthily produced at apex, outer margin strongly oblique. 
Light pinkish, finely and densely dark irrorate; a broad pale gray 
band from apex over cell nearly to base; another above inner margin; 
a slender ray from apex toward middle of margin; center of wing 
slightly ochraceous. Hind wing creamy white. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9550, U.S.N.M. 


110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, Xx 


Genus CAROGA, new genus. 


Eyes large, naked; palpi upturned to vertex, the third joint small, 
second long and pilose; legs long, hind tibie hairy. Hind wing with 
vein 5 distinet, from lower fourth of the discocellulars; wings broad, 
ample. 


CAROGA COSTALIS, new species. 


Wings broad, smoky brown, shining, uniform; costa very broadly 
whitish brown from base to apex; transverse posterior line dark brown, 
diffuse, very faintly crossing the pale costal space; other lines lost; a 
dark mark at base and row of terminal spots. Hind wing unspotted. 
Abdomen long, dark brown. Below wings lighter, each with a rounded 
blackish discal spot. 

Expanse.—37 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No..9551, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PHA OCHLAINA Hubner. 


PHAOCHLAENA CUPREA, new species. 


Dark brown with purplish luster; transverse anterior and posterior 
lines fine, irregular, linearly pale with brown borders within; a round, 
punctiform yellowish white discal dot; subterminal line waved, fine, 
like the other lines; terminal space a shade paler. Hind wing dark 
brown. Below much lighter, especially toward base. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

FHabitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9552, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PALINDIA Guenée. 


PALINDIA ARGENTILINEA, new species. 


Bright grass green; costa narrowly ocherous with little black streaks; 
transverse anterior, median and posterior lines all oblique, subparallel, 
rather closely placed, pale brown, pale silvery edged without; a brown 
patch on transverse anterior line in submedian fold; a straight terminal 
silver line. Hind wing whitish on costa, else green, the terminal silver 
line expanded at the angle in the margin before a round blackish patch 
with pale edge. Below silky white, green tinged, fringes black. 


Kxpanse.—35 mm. 
Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9553, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. Jig 


Genus GONODONTA Hubner. 
GONODONTA MARMORATA, new species. 


Body blackish brown, patagia blackish tipped, collar grey irrorate; 
primaries dark brown in median and submedian spaces, pale clay color 
terminally; basal space confused with brown, purplish and clay color 
shades, the line lost; transverse anterior and posterior lines limit the 
dark median space, but are themselves indistinct, though traceable, 
black, strongly wavy; reniform paler than the ground, constricted, 
narrowly dark centered; a slender black line before the subterminal, 
wavy, preceded by a small white space on costa and joined to the dark 
median space centrally by bluish black; terminal space mottled in 
brown and purplish on a pale ground, the subterminal line wavy, dark, 
linear; termenand fringe dark. Secondaries brown-black, disk broadly 
orange yellow from costa over median nervules. Below blackish brown, 
primaries with a spot at base and termen lighter, secondaries with the 
yellow mark enlarged over costa to base. 

Expanse.—43 mm. 

LTabitat.—Coatepec, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9554, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HOMOPYRALIS Grote. 


HOMOPYRALIS PICTA, new species. 


Head, thorax, and bases of both wings light cream colored, the outer 
parts of wings densely shaded in with dark brown and purplish; reni- 
form,a dark bar inasmall light space; transverse, anterior, and poste- 
rior lines obscure in the dark area, narrow, blackish, wavy; subtermi- 
nal similar, but more decidedly wavy, and followed by a small light 
space; a round dark blotch on middle of outer margin; fringe spotted. 
Secondaries with two median dark lines, the outer twice strongly den- 
tate, the area between powdery brown; discal dot rounded, black; 
submarginal line faint, wavy, preceded by brown blotches; a crenulate 
line at base of fringe, which is spotted. Below pale, shaded and pep- 
pered with brown, without any contrasting pale basal space; a common 
outer and inner wavy lines and discal spots, the lines indistinctly 
doubled. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9555, U.S.N.M. 


HOMOPYRALIS PANDAMA, new species. 


Pale ocherous, dark olivaceous, tinged and with patches of slightly 
bronzy reddish on disks and submedian fold of both wings; primaries 
with a broad brown-black subbasal band; orbicular a round dot; two 


i Me PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, | ' 


median lines, wavy, the outer somewhat broken and absorbing the 
small reniform dot; transverse posterior line wavy, broken; subter- 
minal near the margin, waved, broken below, broad, touching at middle 
of margin a large dark spot in the fringe; a row of terminal black 
spots. Secondaries with two mesial lines, coarsely waved, inclosing the 
small discal dot, from which a faint shade runs to the inner margin; 
terminal space distinctly olivaceous, with a broken blotchy submar- 
ginal line; a crenulate terminal line; a dark spot in fringe in center of 
margin. Below two common lines and discal dots, the margins broadly 
blotched in blackish brown. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9556, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MATIGRAMMA Grote. 


MATIGRAMMA PAMELA, new species. 


Pale, testaceous, the wings shaded with red-brown outwardly; 
primaries with a very broad blackish shaded subbasal band, which is 
constricted into three segments, the central one gray with a black 
central dash, the lower one pale; a minute punctiform orbicular; an 
oblique black dash on costa, succeeded below median vein by a brown | 
line, angled on submedian; reniform a linear brown curved mark, with _ 
a faint brown line below it; transverse posterior line wavy, brown, 
followed on costa by a large oblique black bar; subterminal line limit- | 
ing the dark-brown marginal space, produced inward opposite cell; a 
darker brown shade at middle of margin. Secondaries with inner line 
faint; discal dot a longitudinal dash, furcate toward base of wing; outer 
line irregular, excurved over discal dash, slender, brown; terminal | 
space more strongly shaded in red-brown, cut by a diffused pale line; 
acrenulate terminal brown line. Below with common outer and inner 
lines and discal spots, the lines on primaries obscured by brown pow- | 
derings and with three black costal bars; on secondaries the outer line 
crenulate and excurved over discal dot, which is elongate, but not so | 
sharply as above. 

Expanse. 34 mm. 

Habitat.— 

Type.—Cat. No. 9557, U.S.N.M. 


Genus AMPHIGONIA Guenée. 


AMPHIGONIA BRUNNEA, new species. 


Brown; basal space of primaries dark chocolate brown, with irregular 
lighter markings; lines and spots obsolete, the orbicular traceable close 
to base as a blackish ring; color shades darker outwardly, the submar- 
ginal line faint, yellowish, bent at an angle opposite the projection of 


ij 


NO, 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. 113 


outer margin; a row of small yellow cusps before margin. Seconda- 
ries with the subterminal area strongly empurpled, limited within by 
a straight lilaceous geminate line, which is produced inward in little 
rays on the veins; a bronzy blotch in the purple area near middle; a 
subterminal row of yellow cusps as on primaries; the margin crenulate 
and produced in the middle. Below brown, a common mesial dark 
line and outer waved crenulate yellowish one on fore wings excuryed 
over cell; margins irregularly washed in whitish, the subterminal 
cusps repeated, but less definitely; on primaries orbicular whitish, 
reniform, of four dark dots and a pale one ina bluish area; on second- 
aries discal dot dark. Hind legs with the tibie very broadly haired, 
a white spot at the knees. 

Expanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9558, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PETEROMA, new genus. 


Eyes large, naked; palpi upturned to vertex, third joint small; tibiz 
enlarged, the spurs normal. Wings broad and similarly colored as in 
Hlomoptera, hind wing with vein 5 distinct, from near lower angle of 
cell. 

PETEROMA LIGNEA, new species. 


Pale pinkish gray, a transverse black line on edge of collar and faint 
one in middle of thorax; abdomen with a white band at extreme base, 
first segment dark brown, second witha black posterior band, the others 
faintly banded. Primaries with outer half dark brown; a small black 
bar at base; transverse anterior line slender, angled on costa and 
median, followed by a heavy oblique black band from median to inner 
margin near base; orbicular a round dot; the pale basal space runs 
costally nearly to apex, but the rest of the wing is dark, contain- 
ing geminate median and transverse posterior lines, close together, 
wavy. becoming very faint where they cross the pale costal space; 
submarginal line wavy, pale, dark edged within; a crenulate black 
marginal line; fringe pale at base, brown outwardly. Secondaries 
lightly shaded with brown, median band double, straight, broad, fol- 
lowed by a fainter, more wavy band; outer band triplicate, two nar- 
row crenulate lines and a broad dark brown one; a submarginal shaded 
band; termen and fringe as on fore wings. Below the wings are pale, 
brown peppered; a dark submarginal shade on both; discal dots and 
common inner, median, and outer lines, narrow, crenulate, broken. 

Eixxpanse.—42 mm. 

Tlabitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9559, U.S.N.M. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——8 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. © 


Genus CAPNODES Guenée. 
CAPNODES VIRGINIA, new species. 


Pallid testaceous, minutely brown speckled; transverse anterior line 
slender, brown, coarsely wavy, with a brown blotch on costa; orbicu- 
lar a dot: reniform a broken dot, broadly ringed in powdery brown, 
the space partly filled in rusty brown; transverse posterior line 
excurved over reniform, dotted, not waved; subterminal crenulate, 
geminate, paler filled; a terminal row of brown dots. Secondaries 
with a faint pale space for discal dot; mesial line dotted; submarginal 
line and termen as on fore wings. Below with dotted mesial and sub- 
marginal lines and slight discal dots. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9560, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TRIOMMATODES Warren. 
TRIOMMATODES ANGULATA, new species. 


Antenne rather lengthily pectinate; fore wings with the outer 
margin angled. Dark purplish brown, largely lilaceous shaded, espe- 
cially over disk to inner margin and along outer margin below apex; 
base and costa dark; lines dark, wavy, slender, obscure; a lilaceous 
line cuts the dark basal color, the stigmata are very faintly outlined 
by the pale shading, and the transverse posterior is followed by lila- 
ceous points; a subterminal row of lilaceous cusps and two rows of 
alternating terminal dots; hind wings dark with only discal dot, median 
row of points and crenulate marginal line lilaceous. Below the body 
and abdomen are pale whitish, the color spreading over base of see- 
ondaries; wings else bluish grey, the primaries with very faint lines, 
the secondaries with two dark wavy mesial lines, relieved on the whitish 
ground. 


Expanse. —35 mm. | 
Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9561, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BENDIS Hubner. 


BENDIS MASCARA, new species. 


Brown. terminal spaces of both wings lighter, a black-brown band 
at base of abdomen; transverse anterior line black-brown, broad, bent 
at right angles on median, broken in cell, reaching inner margin near 
base; transverse posterior visible on costa and fora little way, narrow, 
faint, brown, edged with pale; four pale costal dashes beyond; subter- | 
minal line strongly excurved at middle of margin, almost touching the | 
marginal angle; a broad brown-black shade diffusing within; a white 
dixeal point. Hind wings with a similar submedian band, diffusing to — 


j 


F 


‘No, 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. VES 


center of wing, cut by a geminate pale lilaceous shade line which, near 
middle of wing, comes to limit the dark shade outwardly to anal angle; 
a white discal speck. Below grey-brown, margin with pale testaceous 
patches above angle and at tornus of fore wing, at apex of hind wing; 
faint crenulated dark outer line, edged narrowly with testaceous white 
discal dots as above. 

Aupanse.—33 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9562, U.S.N.M. 


BENDIS THARA, new species. 


Dark brown; base of fore wings darkly blackish, sharply limited; a 
slender pale, wavy, mesial line; transverse posterior roundedly ex- 
curved, parallel to margin, pale, edged within by a dark brown shade; 
subterminal space darkly blackish brown, bluish shaded on costa; ter- 
minal space of brown color; terminal dots faint. Hind wing with the 
subterminal dark shade very faintly repeated, its inner line punctiform, 
brown; subterminal line crenulate, obscure, a pale mesial line, dark 
edged basally. Below fore wings with whitish discal dot and macular 
outer line, terminal space lighter; hind wings similar, a submacular 
pale mesial line added. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9563, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CHAMINA Hubner. - 
CHAMINA CHORIA, new species. 


Light brown, darker along costa, powdered with lilaceous in basal 
and median spaces; transverse line, median shade and posterior line 
darker, obscure diffused; orbicular a small dark dot; reniform narrow, 
constricted, a dark ring filled and surrounded by llaceous powdering 
which also follows the transverse posterior line narrowly; next a dark 
shade, then a pale space; subterminal line near margin, obsolete, 
represented by scattered dark points on the veins. Hind wing with 
mesial punctiform dark line edged by lilaceous; an outer row of black 
points. 

Expanse.—37 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9564, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ORTHOGRAMMA Guenée. 
ORTHOGRAMMA FEROGIA, new species. 


Testaceous brown, terminal area darker as also head and thorax; 
‘transverse anterior lines slightly arcuate, geminate, light red tipped; 
jorbicular and reniform large, brown filled, brokenly dark brown 


. 4 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


ringed; transverse posterior line with a faint pale branch from costa, 
touching a blackish apical shade dash, forming a straight, geminate, 
light-red-filled band from apex across both wings to above anal angle 
of secondaries; space beyond darker brown, faintly cloudy irrorated; 
a submarginal row of points on both wings, white, black within; 
a blackish discal dot on hind wings. Below testaceous, blackish irro- 
rate; orbicular punctiform, reniform lunate, dusky; transverse posterior 
line normally shaped; outer dots as above. Hind wing with double 
discal dot, outer line and outer dots. 

Expanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9565, U.S.N.M. 


ORTHOGRAMMA HERMESIA, new species. 


ted brown, antennal serrations, a line between antenne and extreme 
tips of palpi white. Primaries with a narrow straight brown outer 
line from apex to middle of inner margin follow by minute yellowish 
specks on the veins; transverse anterior line obscure, of two large 
ares; reniform and orbicular large, of the ground color, faintly defined 
by a darkening of the shade along costa; submarginal line blackish, 
twice broadly waved, narrow, diffused, broken into spots. Second- 
aries with a straight mesial line continuing the one on fore wings; a row 
of nearly obsolete black dotssubmarginally. Below lighter over base 
and disk of secondaries; a common mesial brown line and discal dots. 

Hxpanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9576, U.S.N.M. 


Genus COENIPETA Hutibner. 


COENIPETA GLAUCOIDES, new species. 


Fore wings very dark purplish brown, mottled all over with little 
patches of submetallic greenish blue scales, strongest in a powdering 
about the obsolete reniform mark; lines pale, not well indicated, con- 
fused by the patches; anterior wavy, nearly straight; median similar, 
faint centrally; posterior slender, zigzag wavy, retreating below cell 
under the reniform, not excurved subterminal very faint; a row of 
slightly darker large blotches just before the margin. Secondaries 
shining bronzy dark brown, scarcely any trace of lines except just at 
the margin where are intravenular black spots, except at costa and anal 


angle, each preceded by a dull yeliowish dash and very faintly en- . 


circled. Below lighter brown, nearly immaculate; the light yellowish 
inceptions of the transverse lines on costa are repeated, the secondaries 
have a darker straight median line and a light mottling on the margin. 


} 


NO. M444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. eT 


Eixpanse.—41 mm. 
_ Habitat.—Cavalle Cocho, Amazones, Peru, May, July, 1884 (M. de 
Mathan). 

Type.—Cat. No. 9567, U.S.N.M. 


COENIPETA LAURENA, new species. 


Fore wings very dark purplish brown, irrorate with lilaceous scales, 
which form a more distinct tract along median vein and vein 2 to 
margin, at inception of transverse posterior line on costa and in the 
terminal space apically; lines pale, not well indicated, confused by 
the powdering; a row of yellowish bars along the costa; transverse 
anterior line oblique, wavy, double, the outer gemination marked by 
a blue bar in submedian interspace; median line dark below its incep- 
tion on costa, indicated by the absence of the light powdering, coarsely 
waved; transverse posterior dark with light edges, doubled without 
by a more diffuse light lilaceous line which is lost below in the general 
light powdering, waved, arcuate to reniform, thence coarsely waved to 
Inner margin; reniform large, oblique, an oblique yellowish dash 
ringed by a pale line that becomes white on the outer segment; sub- 
terminal line finely wavy, starting near the costa but becoming remote 
from the margin below, pale above with dark edging but below 
appearing as a dark zigzag lined by the lilaceous scales and somewhat 
cupreous tint of the ground color; a row of dark lunules near the 
margin. Secondaries shining bronzy dark brown, two mesial anda 
submareginal lighter wavy lines most distinct centrally; a row of dark 
lunules close to margin preceded and followed by reddish ochreous, 
cut by little blue dashes at veins 2, 5, and 6; fringe dark with a yellow- 
ish patch at the marginal incision between veins 5 and 6. Below 
lighter brown, inner area of fore wings pale ocherous shaded; pri- 
maries with light spottings on costa, a light bar for reniform, a cren- 
ulate outer line and very light ocherous marginal patches except 
between veins 3 and 4, traversed by brown lunules near the margin; 
secondaries with three crenulate mesial lines, discal dot a dark ringlet; 
a white pupil followed by a black spot at margin between veins 6 and 
Tand a very light ocherous marginal line near anal angle and between 
veins 4 and 6. ; 

— Hxpanse.—44 mm. 
Habitat. —St. Jean, French Guiana. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9568, U.S.N.M. 


COENIPETA MEDALBA, new species. 


_ Primaries more pointed trigonate than in the two preceding. Dark 
purplish brown, all the base of wing to transverse posterior line over- 
washed with white; subbasal, geminate transverse anterior and gem- 
inate median lines show dark on the white ground, coarsely wavy; a 


1 


115 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXX, 


black shade obtains along inner margin near base; transverse posterior 
line witha large white dash on costa, below darker than the dark ground 
of outer space, broad, nearly straight, space from it over reniform area 
only a little washed in white, the reniform showing an oblique dark 
line without traceable ringlet; a faint crenulate dark shade paralleling 
the posterior line; subterminal light without, dark within, dentate- 
crenulate, subparallel to margin; fringe dark, irregularly marked in 
whitish. Secondaries blackish, shining, a diffused subcrenulate outer 
line centrally, approaching anal angle at inner termination; fringe 
white, blackish at anal angle and between veins 3 and 4 with three 
little marginal pale lunules centrally. Below blackish, bases of wings 
shaded with pale ocherous scales, on the hind wings covering all buta 
broad marginal band; a median and an outer dark line on fore wings, 
the latter broadly white edged on costal half; secondaries with two 
mesial dark lines and a faint discal spot; fringes as above. 

Expanse.—39 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9569, U.S.N.M. 


COENIPETA UMBRATA, new species. 


Primaries slightly more pointed than in C. medalba. Basal half 
similarly washed with white, but more lilaceous and less solid; trans- | 
verse anterior line blackish, distinct, zig zag, the others obscured; a _ 
rounded discal lunule, joining a broad outer deep brown-black shade — 
in the transverse posterior position which diffuses to the subterminal — 
line; this is very near the margin, dentate, pale; marginal space with 
cloudy blotches; fringe spotted in pale and cloudy. Secondaries 
brown-black, lighter brownish basally, an outer median curved dull 
yellow band centrally, broken on submedian fold, repeated in anal 
angle; anal angle lobed with an excavation above; fringe ocher, | 
irregularly black checkered; a marginal ocher spot above the excava- — 
tion, preceded by a fine line, the excavation similarly edged. Below 
primaries grey, shading light at base, contrasting pale ocher below 
vein 1; black marks on costa, from one of which a shade runs to the 
pale linear reniform; outer line dark, excurved, pale edged near costa; 
secondaries pale ocherous except a large black blotch on middle of 
margin; two black geminate mesial lines and black-edged discal dot; a _ 
brighter ocher shade about submedian fold; a light patch at apex. 

Kirpanse.—41 mm. 

/labitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.-—Cat. No. 9625, U.S.N.M. 

COENIPETA MUSA, new species. 

Primaries purplish brown, a little lighter centrally; transverse — 

anterior and posterior lines broad, black, slightly crenulate, the ante- 


rior geminate; reniform of two broad lines, narrowly continued to 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. BE) 


costa; subterminal line near the margin, pale, faint, dentate, inclosed 
_ina darker shade; a small whitish patch at inception of posterior line 
on costa. Secondaries with a large incision above anal angle, brown- 
black, lighter at base, outer curved central line dull ocherous, dif- 
fused, curved toward incision; light superposed bars on inner margin; 
a double marginal light shade; fringe light, faintly darker shaded. 
Below light grayish; a dark median line on fore wing crossing the 
reniform bars; dark posterior line, with a white outer edge at costa; 
secondaries with a dark marginal shade, two crenulate mesial lines 
and discal dot; a marginal light shade, becoming white at apex. 
Expanse.—30 mm. 
Habitat.— st. Jean, French Guiana. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9570, U.S.N.M. 


COENIPETA SUBOCELLATA, new species. 


Fore wings dark purplish brown, the lines dark, nearly obscured, 
the subterminal relieved by an outward paler shading, excurved sub- 
apically and mesially; a round black patch at apex, with a small white 
pupil inwardly. Hind wings blackish brown, two mesial darker lines 
and a submarginal shade followed by a dilution of the color; a row of 
marginal white specks centrally; a narrow yellowish line at base of 
fringe. Below more grayish, costal marks and lines of more wings 
lightened in ocherous shades, the apical ocellus repeated, more dis- 
tinct, preceded by a yellowish arc; secondaries washed in pale at base, 
relieving a discal mark of two ares, a geminate mesial and single 
outer line; a submarginal light shade, inclosing a black ocellus at 
apex, which has a white pupil and is cut by two yellowish dashes; a 
narrow yellow line at base of fringes of both wings. 

Expanse.—4+1 mm. 

Hab/tut.—Rockstone, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9571, U.S.N.M. 


COENIPETA SUBVARIA, new species. 


Primaries dark red-brown and blackish purple; the purple color 
fills the anal space, lower half of median space, area from reniform to 
subterminal and over this line centrally to margin; lines wavy, black, 
obscured in the dark color, the reniform a narrow black constricted ring 
ina creamy ground that obtains to costa and in irregular patches about 
submedian fold outwardly; a row of black dashes near margin, the 
apical one largest. Secondaries blackish, mesial and outer lines faint, 
dark, wavy, narrowly lighter edged without; a row of round black 
marginal spots ina slightly bronzy reddish field, faintly encircled with 
pale. Below strongly diversified with pale and white patches; prima- 
ries powdered with whitish lilaceous subcostally and patched with 
white at apex; yellowish spots along costa; discal dot of three white 


120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


lines; outer line roundedly crenulate, whitish, single; a submarginal 
faint pale line; secondaries a little light powdered; discal dot with a 
white line within and a large round white patch without; outer line 
crenulate, pale; asubmarginal paler line above a series of white cusps 
near margin, the one nearest apex large, obsolete toward anal angle; 
fringe with a yellowish line at base. 

Expanse.—41 mm. 

Hlabitat.—St. Laurent, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9572, U.S.N.M. 


COENIPETA ALBIDENTINA, new species. 


Primaries pointed; secondaries without marginal excavation; dark 
purplish brown, overwashed with violaceous; lines of the ground 
color, scarcely contrasted, coarsely crenulate, the transverse posterior 
cutting a large white patch resting on costa and reaching to middle of 
reniform; subterminal line pale crenulate edged, containing dark 
lunules of the ground color; a row of illy defined dark lunules near 
the margin. Hind wings brownish black, the outer line faint, dentate, 
pale, visible centrally, then narrower and slightly dislocated toward 
anal angle; fringe with a white apical and subapical spot. Below 
ereyish, shading to black at apex of fore wings and outer margin of 
hind wings; white costo-disecal spot of fore wings repeated, solid, 
elongated; hind wings with double dark discal are and two mesial lines, 
the fringe of both wings irregularly spotted with white. 

Expanse.—40 ram. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9573, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TYRISSA Walker. 
TYRISSA CAROLA, new species. 


Entirely dark umber brown, densely shaded with black; a series of 
very numerous fine black lines alternating with umber brown cross 
both wings, beginning on costa of fore wings and curving parallel to 
the lower part of the outer margin, continued directly over the hind 
wings; a hemispherical area resting on costa of fore wings close to 
apex is umber brown, traversed by a double subcostal black line; 
fringes crenulate, a black line at base and a dark line at base and tip of 
fringe. Below smoky brown, the lines repeated but more evenly 
curved and crenulate, a broad submarginal space uniformly brown, 
devoid of lines. 

Hipanse.—d34 mm. 

Habitat. —Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9574, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 12) 


Genus SORYGAZA Walker. 


SORYGAZA ACUTALIS, new species. 


Primaries elongate, strongly excavate on upper half of outer margin; 
brownish ocher with a lilaceous tint; orbicular a minute black dot; 
reniform a large round black spot, its center a little broken in pale; 
fringe dark brown preceded by a row of marginal dots, which show dis- 
tinctly only at the excavation; a faint trace of transverse anterior line 
on inner margin. Hind wings yellowish white, the fringe a shade 
darker; a small dark round discal dot. Below whitish, the costa and 
fringe of fore wings shaded darker purplish; a small discal dot on both 
wings. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9575, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NEOHERMINIA Druee. 


NEOHERMINIA CHISENA, new species. 


Light purplish brown; primaries with a dark brown shaded mark 
from costa subapically bent to pass over reniform, then obliquely to 
inner margin as a mesial shade, the outer part narrowly edged by a 
yellow line; reniform large, broadly ringed in pale yellow, filled with 
a narrow dark broken ring; orbicular a small pale yellow dot; trans- 
verse anterior line narrow, dark, obscure; a row of black marginal 
dots. Secondaries with two mesial dark wavy lines and a pale yellow 
submarginal one, all faint and visible distinetly only toward anal mar- 
gin. Below the discal dots are repeated in dark brown, faintly pale 
ringed; the lines are only traces. 

Eepanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9577, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BLEPTINA Guenée. 


BLEPTINA CANDALIS, new species. 


Brown, slightly bronzy, markings obscure; transverse anterior line 
dark, nearly straight; median shade visible below; reniform a minute 
pale yellowish speck; posterior line dark, linear, finely pointed dentate ; 
submarginal line straight, slender, pale yellow, a little flexed over dis- 
cai nervules; a row of small dark marginal dots. Secondaries a little 
less bronzy than primaries, witha faint dark mesial line. Below lighter, 
a submarginal pale line from costa of fore wings, continuous on hind 


122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. eae 


wings; a discal spot and mesial line on hind wings, relieved on the 
paler ground. 

Kxpanse.—30 mm. 

[Tabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9578, U.S.N.M. 


BLEPTINA CLARA, new species. 


Testaceous, the primaries with a red shade over median area; lines 
blackish; transverse anterior roundedly excurved below median vein; 
orbicular a small dot; reniform a large rounded blotch; transverse 
posterior line close to the reniform, deeply excavate-dentate, breaking 
into two rows of dots at the points of the dentations, the outer dots on — 
the veins, the inner between, part above the reniform not dentate; 
submarginal line double, broken into shaded intravenular spots, the 
outer line running to apex, gently excurved centrally; a row of mar- 
ginal black dots. Hind wings paler testaceous: a faint discal dot; a 
dark mesial line distinct on inner half; two faint shaded submarginal 
lines; a row of terminal black dots. Below shaded with reddish on 
coste of both wings, irrorate with blackish; large diffused discal dots, 
a-common mesial band and two submarginal ones, all diffused and 
irrorate, but distinct: a row of terminal black dots as above. 

Kirpanse. —24 mm. 

Tlab/tat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9579, U.S.N.M. 


BLEPTINA MARGOTALIS, new species. 


Grevish testaceous, brown irrorate median shade broad, dark brown, 
twice angularly waved; reniform broadly brown outlined, large; trans- 
verse posterior line incised crenulate, broken into two rows of dots; 
submarginal line wavy flexuous, pale, dark edged within; secondaries 
with two outer brown diffused bands. Below both wings with large 
discal spots and two outer lines, those of primaries faint, those of see- 
ondaries more distinct than above on the paler ground. (The type is 
faded and a little moldy.) 

Kivpanse.—30 mm. 

TTabitat.— 

Type.—Cat. No. 9580, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TORTRICODES Guenée. 


TORTRICODES PAULENSIS, new species. 


Purplish brown, median space, except towards costa, dark chocolate 
brown: inner and outer lines straight, a little convergent towards costa, 
white, diffused, limiting the dark median space; a deep incision in 
outer margin almost to the outer line, with a fold and a yellowish 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHAUS. (23 


space at its base above. Secondaries greyish brown. Below greyish 
brown, the secondaries with a faint discal dot and outer line. 
Expanse.—26 mm. 
Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9581, U.S.N.M. 


TORTRICODES DULCENA, new species. 


Very dark purplish brown; outer line pale, faint, limiting a dark 
brown shade in median space which fills the space irregularly, but is 
hardly relieved from the ground color, except next the outer line; 
submarginal line starts from costa subapically in a light yellowish 
apical shade, forms a long rounded projection and retreats behind the 

marginal incision, faintly traceable to inner margin; the projection is 
filled by a dark brown spot and a smaller one rests on the base on the | 
incision witha slight reddish discoloration beyond. Secondaries black, 
a long elliptical white space over cell and below, relieving the median 
vein and origins of viens 2 and 3 as narrow black lines. Below pri- 
maries greyish, the apical testaceous space repeated, enlarged; second- 
aries as above, but grey irrorate, the white discal space encroached on 
by a dark discal dot. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana. Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9582, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MEGACHYTA Grote. 


> MEGACHYTA NOLUALIS, new species. 


Light purplish brown; lines brown, fine, dentate, not much bent; a 
brown median shade from the dark cloudy reniform, which is centered 
by a slender pale yellow line; submarginal line starts in a pale yellow 
streak from costa, then becomes wavy and obsc re, surrounded by a 
dark shade; a terminal black crenulate line. Secondaries with faint 
discal dot and dark outer line, the outer area darker shaded; submar- 
ginal line pale, diffused; terminal line as on primaries. Below paler, 
discal dot and dark mesial line and pale submarginal line repeated on 
both wings. 

“Pxpanse.—20 mm. 
fabitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9583, U.S.N.M. 


MEGACHYTA SABULAREA, new species. 


Primaries with the basal space blackish brown, twice indented: inner 
half of median space whitish grey; outer half of this space smoky 
brown, reddish, in an elliptical area representing the reniform; trans- 
verse posterior line black, coarsely dentate; subterminal space black- 


ae > 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


ish brown, edged by whitish wavy subterminal line; terminal space 
grey, a blackish blotch below middle on outer margin, passing on to 
fringe; a terminal crenulate black line. Secondaries brownish grey, 
paler at base; two brown wavy lines on the inner margin. Below pri- 
maries dark, the subterminal pale line on costal half; secondaries pale, 
brownish powdered; a subbasal blackish line, discal dot, and two median 
lines which touch each other centrally; fringe spotted. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9584, U.S.N.M. 


Genus RHOSOLOGIA Walker. 
RHOSOLOGIA PALLIDA, new species. 


Primaries straw yellow, finely brown irrorate; secondaries paler at 
the base, shaded with blackish on costal half beyond cell. Below the 
blackish shading extends on fore wings also but is more diffused. The 
palpi and fore tibiz are blackish, otherwise straw yellow. 

Hxpanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9585, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ADROCAMPA Schaus. 
ADROCAMPA ATOMOSA, new species. 


Pale straw color, primaries rather sparsely irrorate with milky brown. 
Secondaries white, slightly irrorated with brown outwardly. Below 
white, the costal areas of both wings shaded and irrorated with brown, 
most soon primaries. The palpi are porrect, downcurved, reddish 
brown, darker below; antenne bepectinate except on apical fifth. 

Hxpanse.—3+ mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9586, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ARISTARIA Guenée. 
ARISTARIA ORIZABALIS, new species. 


Antennal tuft of male large, followed by three segments bearing long 
serrations. Dark umber brown, outer margin blackish shaded; reni- 
form a large brown-black lunule; subterminal line wavy and excurved 
opposite the excurve of outer margin, pale yellowish, broken. Hind 
wings dark grayish, lighter at base; an outer pale submacular line par- 
allel to margin. Below paler, especially base of secondaries, the outer 
pale line repeated, more diffused but not more distinct than above. 

Kxpanse.—38 mm. 

Hahitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9587, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 125 


ARISTARIA PICATALIS, new species. 


Female.—Reddish brown; transverse anterior line dark, wavy, faint; 
median shade broad, oblique, sharply limited basally, fading out toward 
costa; reniform a black lunule constricted in two, set in a neat pale yel- 
low ring; transverse posterior line excavate-dentate, broken into two 
rows of dots; subterminal line strongly excurved below the middle, 
scarcely wavy, pale reddish, surrounded by a dark brown clouding; a 
marginal crenulate dark line. Secondaries grayish, a faint discal dot 
and dark mesial line; outer line pale yellowish, narrow, submacular; 
a crenulate dark terminal line. Below grayish with common faint 
dark discal dots and mesial lines; outer line pale. 

Lxpanse.—3\1 mm. 

[Tabitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9588, U.S.N.M. 


ARISTARIA TRINITALIS, new species. 


Umber brown, with markings nearly obliterate; transverse anterior 
line very faint, brown, slender, angled in the middle; a broad faint 
median discal shade; reniform pale yellow with two brown dots; a 
broad diffuse shade about the subterminal line which is composed of 
yellowish dots; a broken dark terminal line; secondaries grayish, dark, 
a still darker shade outwardly, through which runs a broken pale sub- 
marginal line. Below dark with a smoky outer line and broader sub- 
marginal one on secondaries, the latter followed by a faint broken 
pale line. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad, British West Indies. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9589, U.S.N.M. 


ARISTARIA CONSPICUA, new species. 


Tuft of male antenne very large; primaries with the outer margin 
prominently excurved above the middle; russet brown, shading to 
dark red-brown in median space and beyond; orbicular a white point; 
reniform a white circle with black center; transverse posterior line 
brown, dentate, set ina band of the light russet color; subterminal 
line fine, pale, narrow and nearly obsolete, followed at the excurve of 
outer margin by a large nearly pure white blotch; fringe russet with 
a brown crenulate terminal line. Hind wings blackish; fringe dotted 
with russet and with a black crenulate terminal line. Below grayish, 
reddish shaded along costa of primaries; fringes ornate as above; pri- 
maries with an outer dark diffused line and a submarginal narrow 
pale one, shown near costa only; secondaries with a large black dis- 
cal spot preceded by a small dot; mesial line crenulate, blackish; 


en a 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


margin broadly shaded in blackish, cut by a wavy pulverulent pale 
submarginal line. 

Expanse.—35 mam. 

Habitat.— Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9590, U.S.N.M. 


ARISTARIA BOCANTIS, new species. 


Dark sooty brown, lighter narrowly just before the transverse 
anterior line and in outer half of median space, relieving the narrow 
crenulate posterior line: orbicular a minute white dot; reniform a 
faint, scarcely visible ringlet; subterminal line in the broad uniform 
dark outer field, strongly wavy, pale yellowish, narrow and broken 
into illy connected dots; fringe checkered with pale. Secondaries 
blackish brown with very faint pale wavy mesial and outer lines. 
Below dark, discal dots, dark outer and pale submarginal lines, indi- 
cated only on primaries, relieved more distinctly on secondaries by a 
broad pale shading over the disk below costa. 

Hxpanse.—34 mm. 

Habitat. —Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9591, U.S.N.M. 


ARISTARIA RICALIS, new species. 


Dark grey-brown, the lines narrow, wavy denticulate, except the 
transverse anterior which is straight, oblique from above orbicular 
toward base, dark, set in an ocherous shade; this shade proceeds out- 
ward along costa to posterior line; orbicular a round white dot; reni- 
form a large white kidney-shaped ringlet; a broad oblique dark median 
shade; subterminal line pale; fringe checkered with pale. Secondaries 
of the color of primaries with discal dot and two dark wavy lines 
edged without with paler. Below costa of primaries with a testaceous 
shade, secondaries light grayish except at margin; dark discal ringlets 
on both wings and a common dark mesial line; a common submarginal 
pale wavy line. 

Expanse.—28 mm. E 

[Habitat.—Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9592, U.S.N.M. 


ARISTARIA AZTECALIS, new species. 


Light brown, slightly testaceous, the lines obsolete, powdery, bro- 
ken; the transverse anterior shows some powdery patches on both 
margins; reniform two smal] dots in aslightly paler area; subterminal 
line broken into yellowish dots in a narrow blackish cloudy border: 
terminal line crenulate, faint. Secondaries paler toward base; black- 
ish on outward border: a subterminal submaculate pale line. Below 


-— 


"No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 127 


blackish outwardly; subterminal pale line repeated; a faint dark discal 
dot and mesial line on secondaries. 

Expainse.—35 wm. 

Hlabitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9593, U.S.N.M. 


ARISTARIA STOLALIS, new species. 


Dark grayish brown; lines narrow, dark, denticulate; orbicular a 
minute yellow point; reniform pale, obscure; a median shade: subter- 
minal dark, with minute yellowish intravenular specks on the dentic- 
ulations; a terminal row of cusps with yellow specks in the concavi- 
ties. Secondaries dark, lighter on each side of the mesial line; a dark 
discal spot; a row of pale submarginal points. Below lines repeated 
as usual, the disk of secondaries lighter. 

Exrpanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9594, U.S.N.M. 


Genus RENIA Guenée. 
RENIA ORDENALIS, new species. 


Light brownish testaceous, lines obscure; median shade narrow, 
fairly distinct below; reniform of two superposed points; transverse 
posterior line excurved over cell, sharply indentate opposite middle 
of reniform, denticulate below, narrow, dark, a little expanded oppo- 
site cell; subterminal faintly indicated in dark scales; a terminal row 
of points. Secondaries paler toward base; a faint pale submarginal 
line. Below the lines repeated but faintly, the discal dot and mesial 
line dark, the submarginal line pale, showing only on the secondaries. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9595, U.S.N.M. 


RENIA CACALIS, new species. 


Light testaceous brown; transverse anterior line narrow, dark, 
twice waved; orbicular a yellowish point; reniform a yellow lunule 
with a dark brown margin outwardly; posterior line crenulate-dentate; 
subterminal diffused, strongly waved, dark yellow, preceded by a dark 
red-brown shade and followed by a blackish which reaches margin on 
diseal nervules; a terminal row of black dashes. Secondaries a little 
paler at base; traces of a discal dot; two mesial and a submarginal 
dentate dark lines with a yellowish space between the last two; termen 
as on fore wings: Below the lines repeated in the usual manner, a 
discal dot on both wings and common pale dentate submarginal line. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type. —Cat. No. 9596, U.S.N.M. 


, a 


128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


RENIA BIPUNCTALIS, new species. 


Size and markings of Aristaria aztecalis Schaus, but the antennal 
tuft farther out, being at about the 22d joint instead of the 16th, and 
the terminal joint of palpi not more than half as long. The lines are 
more distinct, the transverse anterior traceable, fine, dark; a broad 
dark median shade running to reniform; reniform of two dots in a 
yellowish space; posterior line coarsely denticulate, slender, dark. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9597, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PALTHIS Hubner. 
PALTHIS GNOMA, new species. 


Primaries purplish brown; transverse anterior line visible below 
cell, very slender, black, straight, oblique, strongly angled on median 
vein; orbicular a round blackish dot; reniform a very faint pale ellipse; 
transverse posterior line oblique from outer fourth of costa to middle 
of inner margin, straight white, slender, narrowly black edged within, 
followed by a broad brown shade; subterminal line wavy, slender, 
brown; a fine terminal crenulate black line, followed by a pale line at 
base of fringe. Secondaries reddish brown, paler at base; a faint 
mesial pale line and marginal rufous dilution; a black crenulate ter- 
minal line. Below reddish suffused with a trace only of lines; ter- 
minal black lines repeated. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9598, U.S.N.M. 


PALTHIS BERTHALIS, new species. 


Palpi upturned, the third joint very long, even, with a large hair 
pencil on the inner side. Head, thorax, and basal space of primaries 
dark brown; primaries pale yellowish to subterminal line, the marks 
obsolete, a trace of the median shade appearing: orbicular a black dot; 
reniform two superposed dots; transverse posterior line slender, 
brown, shortly followed by a brown shade, then a pale lilaceous white 
shade to subterminal, containing a round black spot subapically; 
terminal space yellowish brown; a terminal row of black dots. See- 
ondaries whitish with bands centrally; a short mesial brown discolora- 
tion with narrow dark line, followed by a longer marginal violaceous 
stripe, cut by a submarginal whitish line. Below pale testaceous, the 
subapical dark spot of primaries, discal dot, outer line and submar- 
ginal spottings of secondaries indicated in brown. 

Kxpanse.—22 mm. 

[labitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9599, U.S.N.M. 


f 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 129 


PALTHIS CALCALIS, new species. 


Outer margin of primaries with a prominent angle; purplish brown, 
dark, lines not well defined; transverse anterior dark wavy; a dark 
median shade; reniform a narrow reddish lunule with brown edge; 
subterminal line wavy, pale yellowish, broken; a terminal row of 
brownish dots. Secondaries pale at base, dark at margin; a mesial 
dark line, clouded; a submarginal pale line cutting the dark area. 
Below the disk of secondaries paler, the lines very faintly repeated, on 
the primaries the submarginal forming a row of reddish blotches, dis- 
tinct and enlarged opposite the subapical incision. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9600, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MASTIGOPHORUS Poey. 
MASTIGOPHORUS PANDES, new species. 


Male palpi recurved, long enough to reach to end of abdomen. Dark 
purplish brown, lines blackish, not strongly relieved; transverse ante- 
rior shaded; median shade from reniform to margin; posterior slender, 
irregularly denticulate; subterminal irregular, broadly shaded inward; 
reniform a dot, orbicular a narrow lunule, both dark yellow; marginal 
dots small. Secondaries nearly as dark as primaries; discal dot round, 
blackish; mesial line dark; submarginal pale, cutting the darker mar- 
ginal area. Below the lines faintly repeated on a paler ground, espe- 
cially those of secondaries. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9601, U.S.N.M. 


MASTIGOPHORUS LINEATA, new species. 


Male palpi reflexed, long enough to reach to end of thorax. Dark 
brown; transverse posterior lines straight, white, darker edged with- 
out; two subapical blackish spots preceded by a slender whitish line, 
the remains of the obsolete subterminal; anterior line slender, pale, 
straight; reniform a narrow yellowish lunule; a terminal row of small 
dashes. Secondaries greyer with an outer pale line which defines a 
dark line from the marginal shade; it approaches the margin toward 
anal angle and is bent and intensified there with a brown dot in and 
one following the bend; a faint discal dot. Below primaries dark over 
disk with a dark outer and yellowish submarginal lines costally; see- 
ondaries white, brown irrorate; discal dot and broken mesial line dark. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Fabitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9602, U.S.N.M. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 


+) 


130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus BATYMA, new genus. 


Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex, the third long and 
slender, erect; legs moderate, slender, smoothly scaled. Hind wings 
with vein 5 distinct, from near lower angle of cell. 


BATYMA ONESALIS, new species. 


Outer margin with a sharp angle on both wings. Primaries angled 
in the middle sharply, but slightly; pale lilaceous brown, the space 
beyond posterior line solidly and contrastingly dark brown: transverse 
anterior line straight, oblique, defined by a darker outer edge, obso- 
lete on costa; a dark shade from base to middle of cell; orbicular pale, 
diffused; a narrow median shade below cell, parallel to anterior line; 
reniform a slender lunule, dark without, narrowly yellowish within; 
posterior line straight, pale, very narrowly brown edged within, defin- 
ing the dark marginal shade, which begins in a dark brown band fol- 
lowed by blackish spottings, then lilaceous brown to margin: a termi- 
nal crenulate black line joining spots; fringe interlined with yellowish 
and dark brown. Secondaries with a small angle near tornus: pale at 
base with a mesial:shaded brown line; outer margin broadly purplish 
shaded, although not solidly, limited inwardly by a dark shaded band 
between a faint yellowish outer mesial line and central traces of a 
brown denticulate submarginal one; fringe as on fore wings. Below 
both wings shaded in patches with rusty brown, the disk of primartes 
blackish, a dark discal lunule and shaded outer line; secondaries with 
outer and submarginal crenulate diffused dark lines. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9603, U.S.N.M. 


BATYMA FRANCALIS, new species. 


Primaries dark brown, washed with purplish white over basal, inner 
half of median and subterminal spaces; anterior line straight, dark; 
reniform an oblique, compressed, white ringlet, the pale color follow- 
ing from its apex nearly to apex of wing; posterior line narrow, pale, — 
waved; subterminal whitish, slightly wavy, forming the outer edge of — 
the pale subterminal space; a row of terminal dark dots; fringe uni- i 
formly dark. Secondaries brown; mesial line pale, dark edged within, — 
visible only on inner half; outer line vale, likewise abbreviated: 
termen and fringe as on fore wings. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9604, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA UN. Ta 


Genus ILSEA, new genus. 


_ Antenne bipectinate; eyes large, naked; palpi upturned, the second 
joint erect, compressed, close-scaled, third about twice as long as wide, 
erect; hind tibie enlarged, with a long hair pencil. Hind wings with 
vein 5 from close to lower angle of cell, 3, 4 separated by an equal 
distance. 

ILSEA BORMIA, new species. 


Dark brown, the lines obliterate; orbicular an irregular white mark; 
reniform large, constricted, white ringed, pale brown filled; posterior 
line faintly shown, double, dark; subterminal blotched with white, 
dentate wavy, situated rather near the margin. Secondaries with the 
outer margin crenulate, colored like primaries; discal dot an irregular 
white mark, followed by a more brownish tint; faint double mesial 
and submarginal blackish bands, obsolete toward costa, the submar- 
ginal running to anal angle where it is rather distinct. Below diversi- 
fied, with whitish ground and dark irrorations; reddish shades about 
the white discal spots more contrasted than above; outer lines repeated, 
black, the subterminal of primaries blotched in white as above. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat. — Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—-Cat. No. 9605, U.S.N.M. 


Genus COSCAGA, new genus. 


Antenne simple with long bristles; labial palpi upturned, third 
joint small; maxillary palpi long, porrect, four times as long as head, 
bearing a long hair pencil on inner side; legs long and slender with 
long spurs. Hind wing with vein 5 near lower angle of cell, 3 and 4 
shortly stalked. 

COSCAGA ANGULATA, new species. 


Dark brown, the long pencil of palpi vellowish white. Primaries 
dark brown; anterior line slender, brown, arcuate, angled on sub- 
median; median shade very broad, sharply limited within, diffused 
without, dark brown; reniform two contiguous angled dark brown 
spots; posterior line slender, dentate-crenulate, breaking into a row of 
dots and an inner line; subterminal line strongly angled opposite the 
marginal excurve, pale, cloudy brown edged on both sides; terminal 
line faint, crenulate. Secondaries grayish brown with a faint dark 
arcuate mesial line. Below nearly immaculate, traces of lines only. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9606, U.S.N.M. 


132 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus OCALARIA, new genus. 


Antenne bipectinate, the tips simple; palpi very long, the second 
joint porrect, four times as long as head, the third joint slender, terete, 
as long as second joint; legs long and slender, spurs long. Wings 
rounded, hind wings with vein 5 from lower third of discocellulars. 


OCALARIA GUARANA, new species. 


Both wings broad and rounded; dark brown; a round black discal 
ocellus on primaries, white pupiled, rufous ringed, situated appar- 
ently between the orbicular and reniform, which are both absent; 
lines both broad, white, diffused and broken centrally, the posterior 
gently excurved over cell; subterminal wavy pale, narrow, and almost 
broken; an apical black ocellus, white pupiled, broadly rufous ringed; 
pale dots at base of fringe. Secondaries with pale reniform discal 
ringlet, mesial wavy and submarginal dentate whitish lines; fringe as 
on fore wings. Below powdered with pale, the markings repeated, 
including the two ocelli of fore wings. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Hahbitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9607, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NICETAS Druce. 


NICETAS PAULOSA, new species. 


Dark brown; ordinary lines nearly obsolete, denticulate; median 
shade faint and narrow; subterminal pale, wavy, and denticulate, in a 
darker clouding; orbicular a little pale dot in a black ring; reniform 
with the upper half absent, the lower half a rounded rufous spot with 
a smeared black edge; a row of minute terminal dots. Secondaries 
nearly the color of primaries and almost unmarked, the subterminal 
line showing faintly pale. Below the disk of hind wings lighter, the 
usual markings better relieved. 

Kxpanse.—36 mm. 

Hlabitat.—Saio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9608, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HYPONEUMA, new genus. 


Eyes moderate, naked; palpi porrect, the second joint four times as 
long as head, tapering, third joint slender, down-curved, compressed, 
the pair divaricate; antenne with long cilia; legs moderately long 
with long spurs. Hind wing with vein 5 fairly strong, from middle 
of discocellulars. 


a 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. too 


HYPONEUMA LEUCANIOIDES, new species. ' 


Primaries square at apex; straw yellow, brownish shaded, lines obso- 
lete, the wing finely streaked with rows of brown scales longitudinally 
with a few black ones scattered between the veins; orbicular and reni- 
form small, black, elongate punctiform; an irregular row of black spots 
outwardly; terminal points black. Secondaries grayish tinted; a 
blackish discal dot and terminal points. Below blackish powdered 
especially on primaries, the marks of secondaries repeated more 
distinctly. 

Kxpanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9609, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HYPENA Schrank. 


HYPENA ORONALIS, new species. 


Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen and secondaries dull gray- 
brown. Primaries brown, strongly violaceous, and irrorated thinly 
with dark brown scales; inner line faint, darker brown, slightly 
curved; outer line fine, reddish brown, shaded with dark lilacine, 
angled beyond cell, then wavily oblique to inner margin, where it is 
outwardly edged with white; a white spot on it at vein 2; reniform 
lunular, dark lilacine; outer margin darker brown, obliquely limited 
from apex to vein 4; an indistinct row of subterminal black spots; a 
terminal dark line; fringe grey-black. No spots underneath. 

Hixpanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9610, U.S.N.M. 


Family PY RALID. 
Genus ARGYRACTIS Hampson. 
ARGYRACTIS CINERALIS, new specic 


Dark cinereous, the primaries uniform with but a trace of mark- 
ings; a whitish dilution near base, one centrally, and a faint diffused 
broadly sinuous outer line. Secondaries white, the margin cinereous; 
a grey discal lunule from which a mesial band runs to anal angle. 

Expanse.—Female, 25 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.+-Cat. No. 9611, U.S.N.M. 


ARGYRACTIS GUADARENSIS, new species. 


Primaries nearly solidly suffused with grey on a whitish ground, the 
discal mark a narrow, somewhat oblique white lunule; a dull reddish 
shade on the middle of the inner margin curves over toward anal angle, 


4] 


a 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


inclosing a whitish washed space; a white subapical dash from costa 
directed toward margin; a submarginal line, white apically, metallic 
silvery below; terminal space filled in with yellow between these lines. 
Secondaries whitish in the submedian fold and anal margin, elsewhere 
suffused with grey; a large yellow extra discal patch; outer area with 
the usual dark speckling transformed into a brown nuclear band, 
retracted from the terminal marks by a pure white space; six subcon- 
fluent deep black marginal spots, separated by violaceous metallic 
scales on the inner side, joined by dark grey in the middle and divided 
by yellow specks at the margin. 

Expanse.—Female, 31 mm. 

Habitat. Guadalajara, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9612, U.S.N.M. 


ARGYRACTIS HERMINALIS, new species. 


Primaries nearly solidly suffused with grey, the white ground 
appearing partially along the inner margin; a small white costal bar 
at middle; discal mark oblique, yellow, preceded and followed by scat- 
tered pale blue metallic scales; a large curved yellow mark before 
anal angle; a white subapical dash closely followed by a yellow line 
that curves inward below the end of the dash nearly to discal mark; 
subterminal line white above, silver grey below; terminal line yellow; 
fringe dark grey; some metallic blue scales near anal angle. See- 
ondaries grey suffused except in submedian folds and base of cell; a 
yellow extra-discal mark followed by a dark grey bar; then a line of 
pale blue metallic scales; then another yellow band, above which are 
two slender wavy dark lines running nearly to apex, separated by yel- 
lowish; a marginal brownish black band on upper half of outer mar- 
gin, cut into on its inner edge by irregular whitish spottings, but not 
divided into spots nor intensely black and not ornamented with metallic 
scales. 

Hxpanse.—Female, 24 min. 

Habitat.— Guadalajara, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 96138, U:S.N.M. 


+ 


ARGYRACTIS JALAPALIS, new species. 


Very similar to A. guadarens/s Schaus, but only half the size. Pri- 
maries brown dusted on white, the markings the same as guadurensis 
except for a faint whitish bar at middle of wing on inner margin. 
Secondaries as in guvdarens/s, but the metallic bar has a more pearly, 
less bluish luster, and there is a greater infiltration of yellow in the 
subapical marking. 

Expanse.—Female, 17 mm. 

HTabitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9614, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 135 


ARGYRACTIS CYLOIALIS, new species. 


Very similar to A. guvdarensis Schaus, and of the same size. The 
primaries have a mesial whitish line across the wing, which is not 
defined in the type of guadarens/s, and there is a stronger infiltration 
of yellow in the outer portion of the wing, the yellow being also of a 
lighter tint; it is especially apparent in the light rounded area before 
tornus, where it forms a broad are. Secondaries as is guadarensis, 
with.the metallic band duplicated by scales outside the second yellow 
mark; more infiltration of yellow subapically; the marginal black 
spots more rounded and concrete, appearing as three rather large 
spots fused to an olivaceous black margin and half circled on the inner 
side by white, limited from the white area within by an irregular black 
lunular line. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9615, U.S.N.M. 


ARGYRACTIS SINITALIS, new species. 


White, washed with grey-brown, the white predominating mesially; 
a slender wavy mesial white line across wing; discal mark outlined by 
two approximate brown cusps; submarginal line white, brown edged, 
very sinuous, nearly touching outer margin at lower third; marginal 
line yellow, preceded centrally by a white dash. Secondaries brown at 
base, a broad white shade mesially followed by brown; two dark streaks 
running to apex, the whole submarginal area with blackish irrorations; 
marginal black spots defined by metallic bluish scales, united by dark 
brown outwardly, set in a pale yellow field, which is limited inwardly 
by a slender black line. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9617, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CATACLYSTA Hubner. 


CATACLYSTA JALISCALIS, new species. 


Primaries brownish grey; a nearly straight mesial white line; pre- 
ceded centrally by an orange-red patch; lower half of space beyond 
white powdered with brown; two conspicuous white costal dashes 
converging toward tornus, separated below by orange-red; a dash of 
this color obliquely inward from tornus, followed above by a short 
white shade which joins the inner dash; scattered metallic scales at 
tornus. Secondaries brown irrorate at base; an antemesial orange- 
red band; followed by a narrow white line with metallic scales on 
it; outer area, including the discal dot, thickly covered with black 
specks: a narrow, pure-white area before the round, black marginal 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


spots which are large and joined outwardly by black with patches of 
metallic scales; only a trace of yellow color on the extreme margin. 
Expanse.—21 mm. 
Habitat.—Guadalajara, Mexico. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9616, U.S.N.M. 


CATACLYSTA ORIZABALIS, new species. 


Similar to Argyractis guadarensis Schaus and A. jalapalis Schaus. 
It is smaller than the former and differs in having the whitish mesial 
line visible for its lower half, the inner costal streak straighter and 
placed nearer the apex. It isa little larger than the latter, darker than 
the type specimen, but with the same markings. 

Expanse.—Female, 20 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9618, U.S.N.M. 


CATACLYSTA SCARALIS, new species. 


Rich dark brown, bronzy shaded; a white subbasal dilution; a slen- 
der mesial white line, excurved above, followed by a white dilution 
on costa and above inner margin; a slender irregular white outer line, 
starting subapically, sending a loop to near outer margin at lower 
third, then returning close to costa and again returning obliquely to 
outer fourth of inner margin; a subterminal spotted white line; a 
black terminal line; fringes with small white spots. Secondaries dark 
brown, slight traces of a whitish submarginal line centrally. Body 
dark, a white band on the third abdominal segment. 

Expanse.—Female, 18 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9642, U.S.N.M. 


Genus OLIGOSTIGMA Guenée. 


OLIGOSTIGMA DUCALIS, new species. 


Body gray, the thorax whitish centrally with a dark stripe behind 
the collarand one at base of abdomen. Wings shining white; primaries 
with the costa gray-dusted; a broad brown-black stripe from base to 
apex, slightly narrowing; a similar slender stripe from before tornus 
parallel to outer margin, diminishing to a point before apex; a mar- 
ginal orange-red line; fringe dark. Secondaries with a dark band at 
base, another submarginally; terminal line as on fore wings, but 
broader, edged with black on both sides; three little black dots in the 
base of fringe subapically. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9619, U.S.N.M. 


No, 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. bot 


Genus CYMORIZA Guenée. 


CYMORIZA PAROALIS, new species. 


Ocherous, diluted to whitish next to the lines; subbasal line brown, 
wavy; an extra-basal brownish ocherous shade line; inner line brown, 
angled on subcostal, else straight; outer lines irregular, starting on 
costa at apical fourth roundedly excurved and retreating to reniform, 
which it outlines, then to inner margin, slightly inflexed below median 
vein; marginal line dark yellow, edged by a fine dark line which is 
preceded by a narrow white space. Secondaries with subbasal, outer 
mesial and submarginal brown lines, shading inward and defined out- 
wardly by paler shading; marginal ornamentation as on primaries. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

FHabitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9620, U.S.N.M. 


CYMORIZA JONESALIS, new species. 


Primaries with a subapical excavation; shining white, marked with 
broad orange ocherous, brown-black edged bands which largely occupy 
the wing and leave the ground color to appear in spots as follows: 
three small ones in basal space, an anterior band narrowing to costa, a 
transverse elliptical spot in submedian space outwardly and one above 
it beyond cell, an outer half band from costa to median, a submarginal 
band. Secondaries with a strong subapical notch and a large one at 
anal angle, causing the angle to be retracted; marked as fore wings; 
white spaces, a basal band, furcate at margin, two mesial spots, the 
inner lunate, the outer semielliptical; two submarginal spots. the 
apical rounded triangular, the mesial lunate, fitted in between the 
subapical and anal incisions. 

tupanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9643, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PARAPONYX Hitibner. 


PARAPONYX DIANALIS, new species. 


White; primaries with a brown dot on inner margin near base, a 
black dot on submedian farther out, two black dots for reniform with 
a brown one below; posterior line faint, brown, wavy; a brown shade 
subapically; a row of black cusps near the margin. Secondaries with 
blackish discal dot; a wavy mesial broken brown line; a brown patch 
subapically and at inner angle; a row of black cusps as on fore wing. 

Kxpanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Lype.—Cat. No. 9621, U.S.N.M. 


a 


7 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xxaas 


PARAPONYX PAULALIS, new species. 


White, shaded with brown before all the lines; basal space brown 
filled toward costa; a mesial brown line, angled on median, preceded 
by a white area, before which is a brown shade; reniform a white 
lunule outlined by two brown lines; posterior line indicated on costa 
and margin by a dark line; a broad brown suffused subterminal shade; 
a terminal yellow line, preceded by a narrow brown one; black ter- 
minal dots. Secondaries with vague brown bands near base, an irreg- 
ular mesial and gently curved outer, slender, brown lines; margin with 
a brown band containing some metallic scales and a narrow yellow 
terminal line with brown scales on the extreme margin. 

Kuxpanse.—18 mm. 

[Tabitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—-Cat. No. 9644, U.S.N.M. 


_ 


Genus AULACODES Guenée. 


AULACODES MORALIS, new species. 


White, shaded with yellowish brown; inner line white, angled on 
median, defined by yellowish within above and brown below without, 
the basal space containing a brown patch on inner margin; outer line 
irregular, narrow, white, starting on costa at apical fourth, running 
outward to subterminal line, then returning to costa around reniform 
and back again to inner margin near tornus, angled on submedian; 
the loop is outwardly filled with yellowish, a patch of black scales in 
place of the reniform; a yellow-brown subapical triangular spot; a 
submarginal white line, the margin yellow-brown with black terminal 
edge. Secondaries with two short mesial diffused bands; a broad sub- 
marginal band centrally with rounded ends; marginal band as on fore 
wings, the fringes white, interlined with a row of brown spots. 

Erpanse .—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9645, U.S.N.M. 


AULACODES TEMPLALIS, new species. 


Primaries white, largely covered by the yellow-brown marks; base 
mottled with this color; inner line broad, brown, angled on median, 
joined by a bar to the outer line, which is likewise broad; it starts 
from costa at outer fourth, makes a loop around reniform, and curves 
to inner margin; subterminal line yellow-brown, dark edged, broad, 
hent in a compressed loop up to and including reniform; terminal line 
yellow, brown edged. Secondaries with two basal yellow-brown bars, 
inner and outer mesial brown bands rather widely separated, flexuous 
in opposite directions; a broad yellow band nearly fills the subterminal 


No. 1444. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS—SCHA US. 139 


space, brown edged, brown irrorate; terminal yellow line broad and 
containing four quadrate black spots with white pupils, running from 
the subapical incision to above anal angle; fringes dark. 

Kxpanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat —Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9646, U.S.N.M. 


AULACODES CONFUSALIS, new species. 


With the pattern of markings of the preceding species and the fol- 
lowing differences: the brown markings are expanded, reducing the 
white areas to narrow lines; all the markings are broadly yellow cen- 
tered, reducing the brown to narrow bordering lines; the subterminal 
band in its upcurve to reniform is constricted, nearly defining a sep- 
arate reniform spot. On the secondaries the two mesial bands are 
brown and become confluent centrally; the marginal markings hardly 
differ in the two species. 

Expanse.—14 mm. 

FTabitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9647, U.S.N.M. 


AULACODES PAMPALIS, new species. 


Lustrous brown, yellowish tinted, nearly unicolorous; the lines can 
be traced faintly, whitish, narrow, with dark edges, occupying the 
positions of the white bands of the two preceding species, of which 
this is a further development in the same direction. Secondaries 
shaded in brown, leaving three whitish bands which correspond appar- 
ently to the edges of the dark lines of the other species, the third band 
being submarginal; a narrow marginal dull yellowish area with brown 
edge on each side, but without any development of ocellate spots. 

Expanse.—Female, 19 mm. 

Hahitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9648, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NYMPHULA Schrank. 


NYMPHULA FRANCISCALIS, new species. 


Primaries grey-brown, thickly dusted on a white ground that is 
completely obscured except to a lens; median area darker, limited by 
the mesial and outer lines white are obsolete, the outer forming a 
rather large outcurve over cell. Secondaries white, a marginal 
brownish line toward apex. Head and thorax of the color of fore 
Wings, white below the eyes. 

Expanse.—Female, 20 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9649, U.S.N.M. 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, 


Genus PARTHENODES Guenée. 


PARTHENODES BERTHALIS, new species. 


Ground color shining white; primaries shaded with brown along 
costa, before mesial line and in a submarginal band; inner line brown, 
slender, near base; mesial line narrow, blackish, broken, separated 
within by a narrow white space from a broad brown -shade-band; 
ouiter line reduced to a small oblique blackish bar on inner margin; 
reniform a brown ringlet; submarginal shade-band strongly angled 
inward on submedian; a marginal yellow line, narrowly edged with 
black. Secondaries with traces of mesial line and on the margin 
traces of black spots, which consist of four groups of black scales 
with a faint tint of yellowish about them, preceded and followed by a 
scattered line of black scales. 

Kxpanse.— Female, 22 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9650, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MACALLA Walker. 


MACALLA PARANENSIS, new species. 


Palpi and body creamy brown; primaries creamy brown on_ basal 
half with dark spot on costa and a few blackish dots below, dark 
brown outwardly; raised scales in cell light within, dark without; lines 
obsolete, the surface somewhat mottled, the submarginal showing as a 
series of light points on the veins, preceded and followed by slender 
black lines; a marginal black line; fringe light with dark checkerings. 
Hind wings whitish, the apex fuscous, traces of a submarginal line 
above; a marginal black line. 

Expanse.—Male, 32 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9622, U.S.N.M. 


MACALLA ALBESCENS, new species. 


Primaries greenish brown, irrorate with black scales; mesial line 
pale, running into a large white blotch on inner margin, with a broad 
brown-black shade before and a narrow black line beyond above the 
blotch; an oblique black discal bar; outer line wavy, pulverulent, ill 
defined, followed by a white shade; a terminal row of black dots. 
Secondaries white, stained with grey at apex and narrowly along outer 
margin for the upper half. 

Kxpanse.—35 mm. 

Habitat.— 

Type.—Cat. No. 9651, U.S.N.M. 


No, 1444. NEW SOUTH {MERICA N MOTHS—SCHAUS. 141 


Genus JOCARA Walker. 


JOCARA APICALIS, new species. 


Olivaceous brown, rather dark; palpi and thorax luteous and dark 
brown shaded. Primaries squamose with diversified but ill-detined 
shades, reddish brown along center of inner margin; mesial line pale, 
diffused; outer line submarginal, rather distinct, pale, dark edged 
within, bluntly dentate outwardly, gently excurved over the lower 
discal nervules; a white blotch on outer margin at apex irrorate with 
reddish scales; a row of black terminal dashes; fringe lighter above at 
the blotch. Hind wings whitish, soiled grayish, relieving a pale sub- 
marginal line which retreats inward subapically; costa and apex darkly 
shaded; a black marginal line; fringe, especially along inner margin, 
roseate tinted. 

Expanse.—Female, 31 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 96238, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DEUTEROLLYTA Lederer. 


DEUTEROLLYTA PAGIROA, new species. 


Thorax dark gray with whitish scales intermixed, palpi and antennal 
process shaded with luteous; primaries luteous, broadly so along inner 
margin, shaded with olivaceous brown centrally except along costa in 
mesial space; a pale speck in cell and slight dark discal dot; sub- 
marginal line finely dentate, pale, retreating from margin apically; a 
terminal row of black dashes. Secondaries whitish, apex broadly dark 
grey, running along outer margin narrowly; blackish points on the 
veins submarginally centrally. 

Haepanse.—29 mm. 

- Habitat.—Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9652, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PYRALIS Sehrank. 


PYRALIS GARALIS, new species. 


Head and thorax dark brown; primaries luteous brown, irrorate 
with dark; inner line dark, angled on submedian and vein 1, obsolete 
above; a black point for orbicular; a round dark spot for reniform, 
slightly kidney shaped; outer line wavy above, slightly excurved over 

cell, incurved below, incised on submedian and excised on vein 1; a 
terminal row of dark dashes. Secondaries subpellucid, grayish lute- 
ous, shading darksat apex; traces of an outer line; terminal dashes as 
on fore wings but fainter. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Fabitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9624, U.S.N.M. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF FISHES FROM 
JAPAN. 


: By Davip Srarr JORDAN and ALVIN SEALE, 


Of Stanford University, California. 


The species noted in the present paper were obtained in Japan in 
1900, by Professors Jordan and Snyder. 
The accompanying drawings are the work of Mr. William 3. 
Atkinson. 
Family CYPRINIDZ. 
PHOXINUS SEPTENTRIONALIS Jordan and Seale, new species. 


Head, 3.75 in length (without caudal); depth, 4.50; eye, 3.50 in 
head; snout, 3.50; D. 9; A. 11; interorbital area, 3, wider than eye; 
scales about 70. Teeth, 2. 5. 

Body oblong, moderately compressed; snout evenly rounded; depth 
of caucal peduncle, 3 in head; mouth small, with thin lips: no barbels; 


FIG, 1,.—PHOXINUS SEPTENTRIONALIS. 


maxillary scarcely reaching front of eye; gill-rakers short and flat, 8 
on lower limb; lateral line extending abruptly downward and _ back- 
ward to above middle of pectoral, ceasing near the middle of body. 

Origin of dorsal midway between front of eye and base of caudal, 
the longest ray, 1.50 in head; ventrals inserted under front of dorsal; 
pectoral equal to postorbital part of head; caudal forked, 1.20 in head. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1445. 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX; 


Color, in spirits, yellowish white; a narrow but distinct dark line on. 
side from middle of caudal anteriorly to first third of body; fins all 
pale. , 

Twelve specimens of this minnow were obtained in a small stream 
at Acmori, in northern Japan. Length, 1.70 inches. 

Type.—Cat. No. 58411, U.S.N.M. 

Cotypes.—No. 9257, Stanford University. 


LEUCISCUS CAZERULESCENS Sauvage. 


Of this species, originally described from Lake Biwa, we have two 
examples from Kawatana, near Nagasaki. These were overlooked in 
the review of Japanese Cyprinide by Jordan and Fowler.“ 


RHODEUS ORYZ£ Jordan and Seale, new species. 


Head, 3.75 in length (without caudal); depth, 2.50; eye, 2.75 in head; 
D. 10; A. 12; pharyngeal teeth, 5, hooked; scales, 11-32; lateral line 
sloping downward and backward to above or somewhat behind ven- 
trals, where it ceases. 

Body deep, compressed; snout short, shorter than eye, which is 
egual to interorbital width; mouth small, the maxillary not reaching 


Fic, 2.—RHODEUS ORYZ®. 


front of eye, its tip with a distinct barbel; scales firm; front of dorsal 
nearer snout than base of caudal; ventrals below tip of pectoral, which 
is 1.35 in head; caudal about equal to head. 

Color, in spirits, yellowish; the margins of the scales above, slightly 
darker; a dark stripe from nuchal region to front of dorsal; a golden 
shade on opercle; fins yellowish, unmarked. 

Seven specimens, the largest an inch long, were taken in a ditch in 
a rice field at Kawatana, northwest of Nagasaki, in the island of Kiu- 
siu, in Japan. It is found in company with the small Cyprinodont, 
Aplocheilus latipes, which it somewhat resembles. This species is 


«Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 846. 


No.1445. = NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—JORDAN AND SEALE. 145 


related to the Chinese 2?hodeus ocellatus, and both seem to belong to 
the European genus, Rhodeus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 53412, U.S.N.M. 

Cotypes. —No. 9258, Stanford University. 


SAYONARA Jordan and Seale, new genus. 


The genus Sayonara is related to Anthias, and may be thus char- 
acterized: 

Body robust, covered with ciliated scales; lateral line complete, 
running high, its tubules simple; maxillary and jaws scaly; no supple- 
mental maxillary; no teeth on pterygoids or tongue; preopercle ser- 
rated, without plectroid spines; gill-rakers short; dorsal notched, the 
spines ten, all low, first and last short; no filamentous rays; pectorals 
long, unsymmetrical, the rays branched; ventrals slightly before pec- 
torals; caudal fin convex. 


Q/ 2 
Sayonara satsume. 


Type. 


SAYONARA SATSUM£ Jordan and Seale, new species. 
Head, 2.30 in length (to base of caudal); depth, 2.80; eye, 4.80 in 
head; snout, 4; D. X, 15; A. III, 7; scales, 33. 
Body rather short, not greatly compressed; depth of caudal pedun- 


Le AE 
j RS 
Fi SN ia 
NNANNSANN NINA 5 


Ky RY 
NN AN) 
LX) 


d 
OD 
PS 
ne 


Y 


Z 
cas 


4 


te hs 


wet 
BS 


4 E> 
tx) Di 
ee d ITP 
se eeea Bae 
SD 
Q2> C 
SS 
SSS 


Fic, 3.—SAYONARA SATSUM®. 


‘ele 2.90 in head; mouth large, the maxillary extending to below pos- 
‘terior margin of eye, its distal breadth 1.50 in eye; minute teeth on 
jaws, vomer, palatines, none on pterygoids or tongue; upper jaw 
‘with four enlarged teeth; gill-rakers short‘and blunt, 7+ 10, the five 
outermost, above and below, rudimentary; maxillary, lower jaw, and 
‘forehead scaly; no supplemental maxillary bone; preopercle and 
‘lower margin of interopercle and preopercle evenly serrated; no 
plectroid spines on preopercle; opercle with three short, flat spines, 
scales large, ciliated, equidistant, the middle one largest, lateral line 
complete, running high; tubules short, simple. Soft rays scaly at base. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——10 . 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Front of spinous dorsal slightly in advance of pectorals, the spines 
low; the third slightly longest, 3.75, in bead; the fourth and fifth 
similar, the others gradually shorter to the tenth, the higher eleventh 
being a soft ray; soft dorsal highez, tne longest ray, 2.10 in head; 
base of soft dorsal, 1.75 in head; longest anal ray, 2.30 in head, its base, 
1.25 in the longest ray; second anal spine the longest and strongest, 
slightly greater than length of snout; pectoral very long, unsymmetri- 
cal, its lower rays extending to middle of anal, 1.20 in head; the rays 
branched; origin of ventrals slightly before upper axil of pectorals, 
their tip reaching nearly to vent, their length, 1.70 in head; caudal 
rounded, 1.60 in head. 

Color, evidently bright red in life. In spirits, yellowish white, 
with about three very indistinct whitish longitudinal stripes on side; 
fins pale, unmarked. 

One specimen, 6.25 inches long, No. 9259 Stanford University, was 
taken at Yamagawa, in the province of Satsuma, near Kagoshima, by 
Dr. Kakichi Mitsukuri, by whom it was presented to Stanford 
University. 

STELGISTRUM MORORANE Jordan and Seale, new species. 

Head, 2.75 in length (without caudal); depth, 4; eye, 3.50 in head; 

D. [X—-16; A. LL; seales 38; a row of about 28 modified toothed scales 


along base of dorsals, 
Head large; snout pointed, equal to eye; mouth rather large, the 


f 


ye 


ek peers re 


FIG. 4.—STELGISTRUM MORORANE, 


maxillary extending to below posterior third of eye; jaws even; bands 
of minute teeth on jaws and yvomer, none on palatines; preopercle 
with 4 rather small spines, the upper and longest curved upward, the 
second directed backward, the others downward and forward; opercle 
roughened but unarmed; four large pores on under jaw; gill-rakers 
reduced to blunt, prickly processes, 7 on lower limb; mucous pores 
about eye large and distinct; head roughened with small prickles. 


: 
ae: NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—JORDAN AND SEALE. 147 


_ Origin of dorsal above axil of pectoral; fourth dorsal spine longest, 
9.75 in head; pectoral, 1.30 in head; ventrals slightly before pectorals, 
2 in head; caudal, 1.75 in head. 

Color, in spirits, yellowish white, with three wide brown bands 
which extend over back and obliquely forward on sides; a dusky 
blotch at base of caudal; a distinct brownish blotch on lower part of 
hase of pectoral; fins uniform pale. 

~ One specimen, 1.25 inches long, No. 9260, Stanford University, 
was dredged in the harbor of Mororan, island of Hokkaido. 


RHINOGOBIUS NAGOY 4 Jordan and Seale, new species. 


Head, 3 in length (without caudal); depth, 6.20; eye, 5 in head; D. 
VI-9; A. 10; scales 35. 

Body moderately elongate, compressed; depth of caudal peduncle, 
2.85 in head; snout, 2.75 in head, rather rounded and depressed; 
depth of head, through pupil 2.40 in its length; greatest width, 1.50; 


FIG, 5.—RHINOGOBIUS NAGOY &. 


cheeks and opercles naked; nuchal region naked; interorbital space 
narrow about twice pupil; mouth large, the maxillary reaching front 
of orbit; jaws with three rows of short curved teeth; tongue rounded; 
gillrakers short and thick, 10 on lower limb; dorsal with the first 
four spines elongate and filiform, the longest, 1.10 in head; posterior 
vays of soft dorsal longest, 1.50 in head; longest anal ray, 1.75; pec- 
toral, 1.30 in head, none of the rays silk like; ventrals, 2.20 in head; 
caudal rounded, 1.50 in head. ; 

Color, in spirits yellowish, with about 5 rather indistinct vertical 
brown bars wider than the interspaces; two lines at base of pectoral; 
spinous dorsal slightly clouded with bluish; soft dorsal with four lon- 
gitudinal stripes; caudal with 8 vertical brown bars, the one at base 
shorter, wider, and darker colored than the others; anal white, clouded 
with bluish, pectoral and ventral white. 

One specimen, 2.55: inches-long, No. 9262, Stanford University, 
was sent from Nagoya, Japan, by Professor Keinosuke Otaki. 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


CALLIONYMUS KITAHAR£ Jordan and Seale, new species. 


Head, 3.55 in length (without caudal); depth, 9; eye, 2.50 in head; 
D. IV-9; A. 9; snout, 3 in head. 

Preopercular spine with four curved hooks on upper side, and a 
spine turned downward and forward at base; distance from tip to tip 
of preopercular spines equal to length of head; depth of head equal 
to diameter of orbit; head pointed anteriorly; mouth small, with small 
teeth; gill-opening a small aperture at upper edge of opercle. 

Dorsal spines low, the first or longest scarcely greater than eye, the 


_ Fic, 6.—CALLIONYMUS KITAHAR®. 


tin triangular in form, the other spines gradually shortened; pectoral 
1.40 in head; ventrals., 1.50 in head; caudal pointed, 1.10 in head. 

Color, in spirits, uniform slaty brown, a shade paler on nuchal 
region; fins colored like the body. 

A single specimen, No. 9261, Stanford University, 1.50 inches long, 
was taken in the harbor of Nagasaki. It resembles Ca///onymus ben- 
itegur’, but seems to be distinct. It is named for Mr. T. Kitahara, of 
the Imperial Bureau of Fisheries. 


NEW AMERICAN PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA. 


NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF UPPER CARBONIFEROUS 
GENERA AND SPECIES. 


By Epwarp O. ULrRicu,¢ 


Geologist, U. S. Geological Surver 
« bf © ‘wo? 


And Ray S. BassLER, 


Assistant Curator, Department of Geology. 
} } i gy 


The first article of this series of papers was published by Mr. Ulrich 
in 1900,’ when species of Ctenobolbina and Airkbya were described. 
Since that time Mr. Bassler has joined Mr. Ulrich in the study of 
these organisms and they now hope to publish papers upon this sub- 
ject more frequently. Their aim in these papers will be to publish 
illustrations and descriptions of new families, genera and species, as 
well as notes upon those already established, leaving the classification 
and definition of the higher groups until a future time, when the fossil 
ostracoda can be made the subject of a monograph. All of the speci- 
mens figured in this article are in the collections of the United States 
National Museum. 


Superorder OSTRACODA. 
Family LEPERDITELLIDA, new family. 
Genus PARAPARCHITES, new genus. 


Leperditia (part) of authors. 


Carapace small, 1 mm. to 2 mm. in length, leperditoid or subovate 
‘in shape; surface smooth, sometimes with a small tubercle or spine in 
antero-cardinal third of each valve; right valve with ventral edge rab- 
‘beted so as to slightly overlap the simply beveled edge of the left 
valve; dorsal edges of valves usually unequal, the left slightly the 


“Published by permission of the Director of the U. 8. Geological Survey. 
Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX, 1900, pp. 179-185. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—NoO. 1446. 
149 


~ 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXX. 


more prominent ay panirende: over lapping the right or receiving its 
edge in a shallow groove. 

Type of genus. — Paraparchites humerosus, new species. 

This genus is established for the reception of the majority of the 
Carboniferous and Devonian ostracoda that hitherto have been 
referred to the genus Leperditia. The writers, however, are satisfied 
that the genetic relations of these species are not with the Ordovician 
and Silurian types of Leperditia, but rather with the group of species 
for which Jones proposed the name Aparchites. True species of 
Leperditia always attain a much greater size and their tests have a 
characteristically black color that is never present in the group of 
species for which the name Paraparchites is here proposed. The lat- 
ter are further distinguished from Leperditia by the character of the 
ventral overlap of the valves, which is not simple but effected by 
means of a groove in the edge of the right valve into which the | 
beveled edge of the left valve is received. The relation of the dorsal 
edges of the valves is also different in the two groups of species, the 
edges meeting evenly in Leperditia while in Paraparchites the back of | 
the left valve commonly projects more or less beyond that of the right 
valve, and in most cases contains a groove just over the straight hinge 
line into which the edge of the right valve is inserted. 

As expressed above and indicated by the proposed name, Parapar-— 
chites is regarded as closely related to and probably derived from — 
Aparchites. In the latter, however, the ventral edges of the valves 
meet without appreciable, or, at any rate, constant overlap, and it is — 
this difference that is chiefly relied on in distinguishing the two- 
genera. Otherwise the general aspect of the carapace is very similar 
in the two groups of species, the shape and size being about the same, 
while the dorsal inequality of the valves is at least simulated in certain — 
Ordovician species of Aparchites (e. g., A. elliptica Ulrich). 

I ‘araparchites is doubtless closely related also to Leperditella, an . 
Ordovician genus, the pr incipal difference now recognized being that 
the ventral overlap i is reversed in the two genera, the right valve over-_ 
lapping in the former and the left in the latter. The inter-relations — 
of these two genera and Aparchites are intimate, while their alliances” 
with other types of ostracoda are such as to indicate a distinct family 
with characteristics that in a considerable degree at least are interme-— 
diate between those of the Leperditiidee and the Beyrichiide. Like | 
the latter family, the Leperditellide, as the new family may be called, — 
were probably derived from some early Ordovician member or mem-— 
bers of the Leperditiide, but the general or average expression of the 
new family is more like that of the simple types of the Beyrichiide. 
In the opinion of the writers, further, the peculiar late Paleozoic to | 
recent genus Cytherella was derived from Paraparchites or some 
related genus, and hence from the Leperditellide. 

: 


| 


no. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 151 


PARAPARCHITES HUMEROSUS, new species 
Plate XI, figs. 1-4. 


Length of large example, 1.8 mm.; height of same, 1.25 mm.; thick- 
ness of same, 1.05 mm. Carapace subovate, with the outline slightly 
angulated in the antero-dorsal region; surface rather strongly convex, 
with greatest thickness near middle of valves. Left valve with dorsal 
edge straighter than in right valve, the edge in the latter being con- 
vex in outline and thickened so that it projects above the hinge fine 
of the left valve. Ventral edge of carapace thick and sligntly chan- 
neled on each side of the constant line between the valves. 

This species is distinguished from all known American Carboniferous 
species referable to this genus, and from those from British rocks 
described by Jones and Kirkby as of Leperditia, except their LZ. com- 
pressa, in the more ovate outline of its carapace. The valves of Z. com- 
pressa, however, are much less convex, especially in the middle parts, 
so that its carapace presents a very different outline in edge views 
when compared with the comparatively evenly convex profiles pre- 
sented in corresponding views of 7. subovata. In all the other Car- 
boniferous Leperditiide the dorsal line is straighter and one or both 
of the dorsal angies much better detined. 

On account of the thickening of the dorsal edge of the right valve 
and the rounding of the outline thereby produced, this valve may be 
mistaken for valves of Cytherella like C. richteriana Jones and Kirkby 
and CU. inflata Jones and Kirkby. 

Formation and locality.— Abundant in the Elendale formation, Man- 
hattan, Kansas, and in yellow shales of the Wreford limestone, 6 
miles west of Reece, Kansas. The species occurs also in forms gener- 
ally a little inferior in size to the Manhattan specimens, very abun- 
dantly in the Permo-Carboniferous deposits of Texas, notably in 
certain dark shaly limestone, on Mustang Creek, east of Ballinger. 

Cotypes.—Cat. Nos. 35627, 35657, U.S.N.M. 


NOTES ON CARBONIFEROUS BEYRICHIIDH AND KIRKBYID. 


The Carboniferous ostracoda that have been referred by authors to 
the genus Beyrichia are divisible primarily into two unequal groups. 
One of these, which of the two accords the more nearly with the 
Silurian genotypes of the genus, has equal valves; the other, which 
contains more species, has unequal valves, the left being the larger. 
The first group embraces species like 2.? radiata Jones and Kirkby, 
an American example of which is here figured. In this and the other 
species of this group, the surface of each valve presents but two 
rounded nodes, one larger than the other. The smaller node is situ- 


{| e . . 
ated behind the median sulcus and well down toward the base of the 


dorsal half of the valve. The larger node is placed more or less in 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


front of the center of the valve and generally its base extends farther 
up toward the dorsal edge and not infrequently reaches it. 

Strictly speaking, these bituberculated species are not congeneric 
with the original Silurian types of Beyrichia. The latter have three 
nodes or lobes—a central one, usually the smallest and corresponding 
to the posterior (smaller) node in these Carboniferous species, a larger 
anterior lobe, and a posterior one that, like the anterior lobe, is gen- 
erally developed into an incurving ridge. This posterior node is not 
developed in the bituberculated group of species in question, and as 
this group contains many species and represents a well-marked stage 
in the development of the Beyrichiide, a distinct generic arrange- 
ment seems advisable. However, on account of the present uncer- 
tainty respecting the limits of such related and not well-established gen- 
era as Beyrichiopsis, Beyrichiclla, and Synaphe, and, more especially, 
because it may become desirable to modify the definition of the simi- 
larly bituberculated genus U//richia so that it shall include them, it is 
deemed advisable to defer proposing a new genus until comparisons 
now in progress may be completed. It may be well to mention also 
that the writers have in manuscript descriptions of two late Silurian 
species from Maryland, having unquestionable affinities to Beyrichia, 
in which the lobation of the valves is reduced to two small, ill-defined, 
subcentral swellings situated on either side of a well-developed primi- 
tian sulcus. 

Though variable in what are usually to be regarded as important 
respects, the next following species, which belongs to the larger, 
inequivalved group, still seems to conform in essential particulars 
to the British species upon which Jones and Kirkby founded not 
only one but three genera, namely, Beyrichiopsis,¢ Beyrichellay? and 
Synaphe. Besides, a number of species that can scarcely be distin- 
guished generically from either Beyrichiella or Synaphe are described 
by the same authors as true Beyrichiz. Careful comparisons show 
that the permanent as well as the variable features of the lobation of 
the valves is so nearly the same in all these inequivalved forms that 
the present writers are inclined to doubt the necessity of more than 
two, instead of four, distinct genera. Indeed, if the whole assemblage 
were referred to a single comprehensive genus, with perhaps two or 
three subgenera, the arrangement would have advantages over the 
present classification. If the latter suggestion were adopted, Beyr/- 
chiella would be the main genus, Synaphe would drop out as a syno- 
nym, and Leyrichiopsis would be the subgeneric designation for the 
fringed species. A second subgenus, if found desirable, might then 


bTdem, p. 438. 


“Carboniferous Ostracoda from Ireland, Sci. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soe. (2), VI, 1896, 
p. 190. 


no. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 1538 


and Kirkby is one extreme, and Beyrichiella bolliaformés Ulrich and 
Bassler is the other. 

The recognition of Synaphe as a synonym of Beyrichiella simplifies 
the nomenclature of the Ostracoda, since this name has been used 
previously for a genus of Coleoptera” and again for a genus of Lepi- 
doptera.? Cossman in 1899° proposed the new name Avrkbyia to 
replace Synaphe Jones and Kirkby, thereby adding to the confusion 
since the two names Avrkbyia Cossman and Avrkbya Jones are prac- 
tically identical. 

It is to be regretted that reviewers who are always on the lookout 
to supplant old names with coinages of their own can not take the time 
to go into the subject at least thoroughly enough to spare the student 
further trouble. 

In all these unequivalved Carboniferous Beyrichiide the lobation is, 
as has, been stated, essentially the same. Normally it consists of a 
rather constant round node situated behind (according to Jones and 
Kirkby’s orientation of the valves it would be in front of “) the median 
sulcus and a larger lobe situated on the other side of the sulcus and 
generally nearer the dorsal edge. ‘These nodes are susceptible to con- 
siderable variation, not only in different species, but also among 
individuals of one and the same species. In the most simple types, 
considered either as species or individuals, the valves resemble 
Primitia, they being marked by nothing further than a median dorsal 
sulcus. That they have no true relation to Primitia, however, is 
shown at once by the fact that the Carboniferous types in question 
have unequal valves, in which feature they agree with contempo- 
raneous lobate forms whose alliances with /rimitia are therefore 
obviously remote. 

In less simply constructed valves the postmedian lobe is separated 
by a more or less impressed vertical sulcus from the broader swelling 
that occupies the greater part of the posterior half in the most simple 
types. In the further differentiation of the surface contour of the 
valves the antero-median lobe is similarly separated. These separa- 
tions are faintly indicated in figure 18 on Plate XI, which represents 
about the maximum of lobation attained in B. gregaria. In the very 


a 


«Synaphe J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb., 1864, p. 60. 

>Synaphe Jacob Huebner, Verzeichness bekannter Schmetterlinge, 1816, p. 347. 

¢ Kirkbyia Cossman, Reyue Critique de Paleozoologie, III, 1899, p. 45. ‘‘ Synaphe 
Kirkby 1897. Crust. Triple emploi avec Synaphe Hubn. Lepid. 1816, et Thoms. 
Coleopt. 1864, sans compter deux Synapha ou Sinapha. Je propose de le remplacer 
par Kirkbyia, Cossman.’’ 

@Jones and Kirkby seem to have relied uniformly upon the relative thickness of 
the ends of the carapace in deciding which is the right and which the left valve, the 
thicker end being always called the posterior. The present writers, on the contrary, 
seek to identify corresponding nodes in related genera and species, and thereby hope 
to attain, first, consistent orientation, and, finally, a more natural classification of 
the Beyrichiidee. 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


similar British species, Be yrichia areuate (Bean) Jones and Kirkby, 
the large anterior lobe seems never to be divided, but in certain other 
forms found in the Carboniferous rocks of England, notably Ley- 
richia fastigiata Jones and Kirkby and 2. fodicata Jones and Kirkby, 
the lateral sulci are deeper,-and in the latter of the two species men- 
tioned the separation and definition of the dorsal lobes reached an 
extreme stage. Perhaps an even greater degree of contour differentia- 
tion is shown in Jones and Kirkby’s Beyrichia tuberculospinosa, in which 
the ventral swelling that is usually a conspicuous feature in these 
Carboniferous Beyrichiide is broken up into three sharply defined 
nodes. 

These various modifications of surface contour often remind strongly 
of very diverse earlier Paleozoic generic types. The resemblance of 
the simplest forms to Prim/tia has been mentioned already. Those 
in the next stage, like Beyrichia arcuata (as figured by Jones and ~ 
Kirkby), 2B. craterigera Brady, Beyrichiopsis simplex Jones and 
Kirkby, and Beyrichiella gregaria Ulrich and Bassler, are strikingly 
like Aledenia; and the seeming importance of this resemblance in 
lobation is heightened by the fact that both have similarly unequal 
valves. Fortunately, however, in the true Kleedeniex it is the right 
valve that overlaps the ventral edge of the left, while in these Car- 
boniferous forms the opposite is the case. Another type, described — 
here as Beyrichiella bolliaformis, is singularly like certain Ordovician 
and Silurian species of Bollia (e. g., B. pumila Ulrich); but, like the 
other Carboniferous species under consideration, this has unequal 
‘alves, a condition that does not occur in a true Gollia. Further, — 
while in the earlier Paleozoic Bolliz the diagnostic ‘t loop” is a very 
constant feature, comparisons of numerous examples of the Beyrichi- 
ella show that the loop which connects the nodes in this species is most 
variable and in some instances is not to be distinguished at all. 

How to explain these seeming diverse alliances is no easy matter. — 
Still it is believed the explanation lies in the fact that the Beyrichiide — 
had entered the period of their extinction in Carboniferous times. — 
Under such conditions it is reasonable to assume that the type was 
undergoing degeneration, and that this took place in the usual manner. 
It may be suggested, therefore, that the resemblances to earlier stages 
in the development of the family above noted were occasioned by 
reversion or by arrested development, whereby former immature 
stages were retained through the adult stages, and thus became the 
permanent specific and perhaps generic characteristics of the respective 
types. Whether all the inequivalved Carboniferous Beyrichiidz were — 
derived from one or two survivals of the earlier types of the family, — 
or whether the suggested reversions affected similarly many such sur- 
vivals, isa point that it may not be possible to determine satisfactorily. 
Still it is believed that careful comparisons between the Devonian and 
Jarboniferous representatives of the family will throw much light upon” 


ae 


No. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 155 


the matter, and it is hoped that such studies may finally result in a 
satisfactory classification of the species. 

The relations of the Carboniferous Beyrichiide under consideration 
to Airkbya are more apparent than real. At the best they rest on 
resemblances exhibited by what may be justly regarded as aberrant 
species of Avrkbya (e g., A. tricollina), or by species whose true 
characters and generic alliances have been misinterpreted. A. annec- 
tens of Jones and Kirkby (1866) is sucha species. In 1896, however, 
the same authors made it the type of anew genus. Recognizing the 
resemblance shown by A. annectens to such widely different types as 
Primitia, Kirkbya, Ulrichia, Drepanella, and Beyrichiopsis, they 
proposed to distinguish it under a name ‘‘indicative of its connective 
character, viz, Synaphe.” The studies of the present writers tend, in 
the manner already set forth, to support the observations of the British 
authors except that part which refers to the alliance of Synaphe with 
kirkbya. The latter genus, namely, seems not to be genetically rela- 
ted to Synaphe, representing, in the writers’ opinion, a distinct family 
that was distinguished nearly or quite as early as the true Beyrichiide. 
The Kirkbyidz, as the family may be called, had its inception in such 
early Ordovician ostracoda as Macronotella. Other Ordovician and 
Silurian genera that should be referred to the new family are Moorea 
and Placentula. 

As to the genus Avrkbya, as now understood, it doubtless is suscep- 
tible of subdivision, if indeed it may not be divided into two and per- 
haps three equally good generic groups. Restricting the genus to 
species conforming in general shape and markings to the genotype 
XK. permiana Jones—a species of which in passing it may be remarked 
is much like the Ordovician MJacronotella—it is evident that the trino- 
date forms, such as A. ¢rzcollina Jones and Kirkby and A’ centronata 
of the present paper, are worthy of a separate generic designation. 
These nodate forms at first sight suggest intimate generic relations to 
Beyrichiide, but it seems to the writers as more likely to be a case of 
mere similarity in final development. However, pending the conclu- 
sion of the detailed comparisons now in progress, it has seemed advis- 
able to defer the suggested restriction of the genus to a more fitting 
opportunity. 

Finally, of all the Paleozoic ostracoda, the Kirkbyide only seem to 
afford the stock from which the great family Cytheride might have 
been derived. Several Silurian species have been referred to Cythere 
by Jones, but it seems highly improbable that any of these is strictly 
referable to that genus. The same might be said of certain Carbonif- 
—erous species described by Jones and Kirkby. Cythere ? haworthi otf 
this article is one ofthree species in the United States National Museum 
that nearly fill the requirements. Though rather obviously allied to 
Kirkbyide, they are most probably Cytheride, but whether true 
Cythere can not be decided now. 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Family BEYRICHIID 2. 
Genus BEYRICHIA McCoy. 
BEYRICHIA ? RADIATA Jones and Kirkby. 

Plate XI, fig. 5. 


Beyrichia radiata Jones and Kirksy, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), X VIII, 
1860, p. 257, pl. vin, figs. 1, 2a, 2b. 

Length 1.06 mm., greatest height 0.67 mm., greatest thickness 
about 0.5 mm. 

Valves somewhat oblique, hinge line long and straight, anterior end 
rounded and denticulate, posterior margin obliquely truncate, surface 
of valves with two rounded tubercules situated on the dorsal half, one 
on either side of a central depression, the anterior tubercule much 
larger than the posterior one. Small papille arranged somewhat 
scatteringly over the entire surface. A wide free rim or flange, often 
marked more or less obscurely with radiating lines, overhangs the 
ventral and posterior borders of the valves. Usually this rim is 
delicate and nearly flat, but with age it thickens and sometimes, as in 
the specimen illustrated, the postventral part presents a swollen 
appearance. 

The Kansas specimens referred to this species differ in no essential 
respect from some of the British examples figured by Jones and 
Kirkby. In the specimen here figured the radial lines on the flange 
are very obscure, but this condition is satisfactorily accounted for by 
the obviously senile state of the example. 

Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- 
wood Falls, Kansas. 

Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 35633, U.S.N.M. 


BEYRICHIA ? EMACIATA, new species. 
Plate XI, fig. 6. . 


Length 1.10 mm., height 0.68 mm. 

Size, shape, and general expression about as in B. 7 radiata, but has 
an emaciated look, the surface of the valves between the nodes being 
more sunken and the ventral portion much less tumid though ridged. 
A short, vertical curved ridge in the post-dorsal angle and a rim-like 
border along the straight back and anterior end. The flange or frill, 
which is bent outward at the edge, is not so wide as in B.? radiata. 
Surface finely punctate. 

With only separated valves adhering to shale it was not possible to 
decide whether they are equal or overlapping. If equivalved, the 
species belongs to the same genus as £2.? radiata; if inequivalved, 
then it would be an unusual form of either Beyrichiella or Beyrichi- 


No. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 157 


opsis. ‘The former condition is regarded as the more likely to prove 
true. 

Unless it is the same as White and St. John’s Beyrichia fotoidea, 
which the writers have so far failed to identify, none of the known 
American species are sufficiently like 6.7? emaciata to be easily mis- 
taken for it. It is quite distinct also from all of the British species 
described by Jones and Kirkby. 

Formation and locality.—Yellow shales in the Wreford limestone, 
6 miles west of Reece, Kansas. 

Holotype.—Cat. No. 35632, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BEYRICHIELLA ‘ones and Kirkby. 
BEYRICHIELLA GREGARIA, new species. 


Plate XI, fig. 18. 


Length 0.95 mm., height 0.58 mm. 

Valves subelliptical in outline, the hinge line nearly straight and 
equaling in length about four-fifths of the longest diameter of the 
carapace, the cardinal extremities rather obtusely angular, the two 
ends subequal and rounding regularly into the ventral margin. The 
latter part of the outline varies in different specimens, being dis- 
tinctly convex in some (as in the figured example) and quite straight 
in the middle third in others. Except the portion of the main verti- 
eal sulcus, which is well marked and located a little behind the center 
of the dorsal half, the surface markings exhibit considerable variation. 
The sulcus may be narrow with a broad swelling on either side, as in 
the figured specimen, or it may be wider, the increase being at the 
expense of the smaller (posterior) swelling. In the former case the 
posterior lobe is commonly divided medially by a faint vertical sulcus, 
the two sulci and two intervening nodes giving an appearance that 
reminds us of the Silurian genus A/@denia. The large anterior lobe 
rises abruptly from the median sulcus and is always the most promi- 
nent part of the valve. Usually a small spine, occasionally of larger 
size than in the figure, rises from the antero-dorsal slope, while a 
faint vertical sulcus is sometimes distinguishable just behind the spine. 
A large, ill-defined, longitudinal swelling generally occupies the lower 
middle part of the valves, while beneath this a more or less obscure 
depression sets off a ventral marginal flattening or flange. This mar- 
_ ginal flange increases in width with age, young examples which then 
_ expose the denticulated contact edge of the valve, being without it. 
Although entire specimens have not been seen, the characters of the 
separated valves leave no doubt that the left valve is the larger and 
overlaps the ventral edge of the right. 

No American species with which this might be confused has been 
described. Compared with British species only Beyrichia? arcuata 
(Bean), as figured by Jones and Kirkby, seems near enough to require 


> 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


care in descriminating between them. &. gregaria is proportionally 
higher, the anterior end especially being. wider. The lobing of the 
valves seems to be rather more variable in the Kansas species, while 
no mention of the antero-dorsal spine is to be found in descriptions of 
B.? arcuata. 

Formation and locality.—Extremely abundant on bedding planes 
of clayey limestone bands of the Upper Carboniferous at Kansas City, 
Missouri. 

Holotype.—Cat. No. 35625, U.S.N.M. 


BEYRICHIELLA BOLLIAFORMIS, new species. 
Plate XI, figs. 7, 8. 


Length 0.87 mm., height 0.52 mm., thickness 0.35 mm. 

Carapace rather elongate subovate, the posterior end wider and more 
oblique than the anterior; cardinal angles obtuse; ends nearly equal 
in thickness. Surface of valves with two rounded and not very promi- 
nent nodes, subcentrally situated, one on either side of the deep median 
sulcus; nodes generally connected by a more or less obscure loop; pos- 
terior node rather better defined though smaller than the anterior. 
Ventral part of valves swollen without being definitely ridge-like. 
Dorsum channeled; ends and ventral edge, especially of the left valve, 
distinctly rimmed. Ventral edge of left valve overlapping that of the 
right. 

The two nodes with the connecting loop impart an appearance 
strongly suggestive of certain species of Bollia. The ‘* loop” is some- 
times well defined, but in other examples it is scarcely distinguishable. 
The species evidently is closely related to Beyrichia fodicata Jones and 
Kirkby and B. fastigiata Jones and Kirkby, but its valves are rela- 
tively shorter and margined by a distinct rim, a feature not observed 
on the British species. 

Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- 
wood Falls, Kansas. The same species occurs in the Upper Carbon- 
iferous deposits in Baylor and other counties in north central Texas. 

Holotype.—Cat. No. 35631, U.S.N.M. 


BEYRICHIELLA BOLLIAFORMIS TUMIDA, new variety 
Plate XI, figs. 9 to 11. 


The form which it is proposed to designate provisionally as above 
differs from the typical variety of the species in two particulars, (1) 
the outline is somewhat rhomboidal, the anterior border being oblique, 
beginning to curve backward just beneath the antero-dorsal angle, and 
(2) the anterior third of the valve within the rim is much more tumid, 
this portion of the carapace being indeed decidedly thicker than the 
posterior part and generally exceeds even the middle thickness. Oc- 
casionally, as shown in fig. 10, the antero median node is obsolete. 


‘ 


No. 146. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 159 


It is thought possible that this variety may indicate merely a | sexual 
phase of B. bolliaformis. Supposed female individuals of a number 
of Silurian and Devonian species of Beyrichia are known, but in these 
the tumidity is larger and much more sharply defined, and it occurs, 
not on one of the ends, but always on the ventral side of the valves. 

— Formation and locality.—Associated with, but apparently never so 
abundant as, the typical form of the species in Kansas and Texas. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 35630, U.S.N.M. 


Family KIRKBYID, new family. 


Genus KIRKBYA Jones. 
KIRKBYA PINGUIS, new species. 
Plate XI, figs. 18 to 15. 


Length 0.64 mm., height 0.37 mm., thickness 0.38 mm. 

Carapace rather small, thick, suboblong, ends blunt in edge views, 
nearly equal and rounded in a side view; antero-cardinal angle obtuse, 
the posterior angle quite indistinguishable, ventral margin gently con- 
vex, the central portion nearly straight; dorsal outline straight in the 
anterior half and slightly convex in the posterior half, the latter part 
of the back being slightly impressed at the hinge line. Surface of 
valves with a subcentrally situated, rather small, and only moderately 
prominent node, and behind this, with a small sulcus intervening, two 
less conspicuous nodes placed one above the other, the larger of the 
two being near the post- cardinal angle. Free margins with a narrow 
but well-defined flat rim. Surface of test neatly reticulated, with small 
meshes. The diagnostic Kirkbyan ‘‘pit” is small and situated very 
near the center of the valve on the ventral slope of the median node. 

This small ostracod is not very closely related to any described 
ispecies. A. oblonga Jones and Kirkby and A. lindahli Ulrich are 
probably the nearest, but both are considerably larger while the 
valves of the former are without either nodes or a sulcus. 

Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- 
wood Falls, Kansas. 

Hlolotype.—Cat. No. 35629, U.S.N.M. 

KIRKBYA CENTRONOTA, new species. 
Plate XI, figs. 16, 17. 

Length of a large example 0.82 mm., height 0.50 mm., thickness 
).50 mm. 

Carapace oblong subquadrate, with thick flattened edges, a long, 
straight back, and rather sharp cardinal angles, the posterior angle 
the less sharp of the two. Valves with a prominent large rounded 
10de situated very near the middle of the dorsal half. On either side 
of this a smaller elevation surmounted by a thin curved vertical ridge 
nold examples. The marginal ridge, which likewise is well devel- 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXRe 


oped only in old specimens, is directly over the hinge but runs more 
or less within the free edges. Test reticulated, the pattern moder- 
ately fine. Free margins, ridges, and surface ornament all arranged 
more or less obviously in a concentric manner. ‘** Pit” of moderate 
size though readily distinguished from the meshes of the surface orna- 
ment, situated at the base of the median node and very near the center 
of the valve. . 

Fully developed and perfect examples present a very distinctive 
aspect. The concentric thin ridges and general form recall the Silurian 
Strepula concentrica Jones, but taking into account only the more 
essential characters, the true alliances of the species are readily appar- 
ent. These are doubtless with A?rkbya tricollina Jones and Kirkby, 
a species originally described from the Lower Carboniferous lime- 
stone of Great Britain and since found in the Birdsville formation of 
the Chester in the Mississippi Valley. It also has 3 nodes on each 
valve, but the central one is smaller and the lateral ones are not ridged, | 
while the valves are thinner and without the marginal ridge found on 
K. centronata. 

Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- 
wood Falls, Kansas. 

Holotype.—Cat. No. 35628, U.S.N.M. 


Family CYTHERIDZ. 


Genus CYTHERE Muller. 
CYTHERE ? HAWORTHI, new species. - 
Plate XI, fig. 12. 


Length 0.48 mm., height 0.29 mm. 

Valves rather strongly convex, very slightly oblique, the posterior 
half a trifle wider than the anterior; dorsal edge long and straight, 
cardinal angles distinct without being sharp; ends descending rather 
abruptly from the extremities of the hinge, but curving broadly 
enough below into the ventral edge. Just behind and a little above 
the center of the valves is a sharply defined and prominent round node; 
another tubercle, more like a blunt spine and smaller, is situated near 
the antero-cardinal angle. A third wing-like prominence marks the 
posterior half of the ventral slope. Finally, a small swelling may be 
observed at the post-cardinal angle. Nothing like a sulcus was observed. 
Surface of test punctate, the puncte being arranged in somewhat 
oblique longitudinal lines descending posteriorly. No pit, nor is there 
a sign of a marginal rim. 

This minute ostracod is probably not a true Cythere, but its general 
aspect suggests more of that family than of Kirkbyide. It is asso- 
ciated with one or two other, apparently congeneric, species, while 
still other forms of the same general type occur in the Upper Carbon- 
iferous deposits of Texas. These should al! be subjected to careful — 


j 


no. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER.- 161 


study before a definite generic arrangement isattempted. Specifically, 
CO. ¢ haworthi is distinguished by the ventral wing-like prominence. 
Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- 
wood Falls, Kansas. 
Holotype.—Cat. No. 35658, U.S.N.M. 


Family BAIRDIID 2. 


Genus BAIRDIA McCoy. 
BAIRDIA BEEDEI, new species. 
Plate XI, figs. 19, 20. 


Length 1.22 mm., height 0.75 mm., thickness 0.52 mm. Carapace 
thick, short, subrhomboidal in outline, lanceolate in edge views, the 
point of greatest thickness being near the middle; overlapping dorsal 
edge of left valve thick, the ventral overlap also rather wide; poste- 
rior extremity bluntly acuminate, the dorsal half of the outline nearly 
straight in the left valve and barely concave in the right valve, the 
lower half arching broadly into the ventral margin; anterior extremity 
less acuminate than the posterior, the outline being rounded in the 
lower half, nearly straight in the upper half, and abruptly bent about 
the mid-height. Valves unequal, the left much the larger, and the 
middle part of its dorsal outline distinctly convex, while the correspond- 
ing part of the right valve is sufficiently straightened to form obtuse 
angles at the endsof the hinge. Surface of both valves evenly convex 
and smooth. 

This species agrees better with B. cestriensis Ulrich than with any 
other known to the writers. The principal difference lies in the shape 
of the posterior end, this being longer and the upper half of its outline 

straighter. Other differences are found in the greater dorsal overlap, 
_in the more curved ventral edge, and in the more uniformly curved 
(lanceolate) outline in edge views. In young examples of the two 
‘species these differences, however, are less readily apparent than in 
{ fully developed specimens. 2. plebeia McCoy, which of the European 
} Species is perhaps the nearest, is distinguished at once by its propor- 
‘ tionally greater length. 

The writers have a large number of specimens of Bacrdia, appar- 
ently representing six or seven species, procured mainly from Upper 
Carboniferous:rocks in the Mississippi Valley and Texas. Although 
‘these have not yet been subjected to critical study, it is believed that 
‘ B. beedei occurs in some of the lots. However, pending careful com- 
parisons, it would be unwise to attempt giving either the stratigraphic 
or the geographic distribution of the species. 

Formation and locality.—Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- 

~wood Falls, Kansas. 
Holotype.—Cat. No. 35634, U.S.N.M. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——11 


16g PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


BAIRDIA BEEDEI ABRUPTA, new variety. 
Plate XI, figs. 21, 22. 


Length 1.28 mm, height 0.72 mm, thickness 0.47 mm. 

Longer than the typical form of the species, but with a more 
abruptly tapering and therefore blunter and relatively shorter pos- 
terior end. Although the dorsal and ventral parts are nearly the 
same in tbe two varieties, the outlines of their respective smaller 
(right) valves seem to differ, the height at the post-cardinal angle 
being proportionally greater in the variety arupta than in the typical 
variety. The last difference possibly may be, in part at least, 
accounted for by individual differences in the amount of dorsal 
overlap. 

Though still too short and with blunter extremities, this variety 
nevertheless is much nearer 2. plebeia McCoy than is the typical form 
of the species. At the same time it is farther from 3. cestriens/s 
Ulrich. 

Formation and locality.—Associated with typical B. beede? and 
many other ostracods in the Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cotton- 
wood Falls, Kansas. 

FHolotype.—Cat. No. 35635, U.S.N.M. 


Family CY PRIDINID. 


Genus CYPRIDINA Milne Edwards. 


CYPRIDINA SUBOVATA, new species. 
Plate XI, fig. 23-26. 


Length of an average example 3.8 mm., height 2.9 mm., thickness 
2.1 mm. 

Carapace compressed subglobular, broadly oval in outline, generally 
wider behind than anteriorly, and deeply notched in front, with a 
sharp beak above and a well-marked angulation below. Valves 
slightly unequal, the outline of the left being somewhat produced in 
the post-cardinal portion and therefore less regularly curved than in 
the right valve. In end and edge views this portion of the left valve 
also projects beyond the plane of the remaining portions of the edge 
and probably overlaps the corresponding part of the edge of the right 
valve. Surface of valves smooth, moderately convex, the convexity 
not quite symmetrical, being greater in the dorsal part than in the cen- 
tral and ventral portions. Partially exfoliated shells expose the 
muscle spot. This is ovate, radially striated, and smaller and farther 
removed from the center of the valves than usual. Dividing the 
valve into four equal parts, the whole of the scar line lies within the 
antero-ventral fourth. 

The slight overlap of the post-dorsal edge of the left valve possibly 
allies this species to Lntomoconchus, in which the same valve overlaps 


4 


No. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 163 


the right in a similar manner, only the overlap in this case occurs in 
the antero-dorsal region. The anterior notch, however, is much 
deeper and the carapace less globose in C. subovata than in the two 
species of Hntomoconchus so far described. In its general form C. 
subovata agrees rather closely with C. phillipsiana Jones, but the 
Kansas species may be distinguished at once by its much deeper ante- 
rior notch. There are slight differences also in the size and location 
of the muscle spot, and in the convexity of the valves, the curves in 
Jones’s species being more symmetrical and the carapace on the whole 
a little thicker and with blunter edges. C. primeva (McCoy), another 
British species, corresponds rather better in the matter of the notch 
and also in convexity, but differs in outline, being more produced in 
the post-ventral region; also in having the notch lower, which causes 
the beak to project considerably farther beyond the lower extremity 
of the notch than is the case in C. subovata. 

Formation and locality.—Not uncommon in the Lawrence shale at 
Lawrence, Kansas. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 35626, U.S.N.M. 


DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XI. 


Unless otherwise stated, all the figures on this plate are magnified twenty times. 


Fries. 1-4. Paraparchites humerosus, new genus and species. 


Fic. 1. Right valve showing general form of a rather large but otherwise aver- 
age carapace. 
2. Anterior view showing overlap of right valve dorsally, and slight ven- 
tral overlap of left valve. 
3. Ventral view of same. 
4. Interior of a right valve exhibiting dorsal prominence and linear socket 
for reception of corresponding portion of left valve. 
Elendale formation, Manhattan, Kansas. 


Fig. 5. Beyrichia? radiata Jones and Kirkby. 


Fie. 5. Right valve of an old example apparently agreeing in all essential 
respects with the English types of the species. 
Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 
Fig. 6. Beyrichia? emaciata, new species. 


Fic. 6. Right valve showing the sharply defined lobes and ridges and generally 
emaciated appearance characterizing this species. 
Wreford limestone, 6 miles west of Reece, Kansas. 
Fies. 7, 8. Beyrichiella bolliaformis, new species. 


Fic. 7. Left side of an entire carapace of the typical form of the species. 
8. Dorsal view of same anterior end to left, showing the channeled back. 
Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 
Fiaes. 9-11. Beyrichiella bolliaformis tumida, new variety. 
Fic. 9. Left valve incomplete at the antero-dorsal angle. In this specimen the 
surface markings are very much as in the typical form of the species, 
but the whole anterior end is much more inflated. 


> 


7 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


10. Another left valve having the anterior swelling characterizing the 
variety but differing from other specimens in the obsolescence of the 
anterior one of the two median tubercles. 

11. Ventral view of original of fig. 10, showing the inflation of the anterior 
end. 

Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 


Fie. 12. Cythere ? haworthi, new species. 


Fic. 12. View of left valve showing the ventral wing-like process, the tubercles 
and surface markings characterizing this minute species. 
Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 


Fies. 138-15. Kirkbya pinguis, new species. 


Fig. 13. Left side of an example retaining both valves. 
14. Posterior view of same specimen. 
15. Ventral view of same. 
Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 


Fias. 16, 17. Kirkbya centronota, new species. 


Fig. 16. Right valve of a fully developed and well-marked example showing the 
concentric arrangement of the ridges and reticulate ornament, and 
the strongly developed dorsal ridge. 

17. Anterior view of same showing the thick dorsal and ventral edges. 
Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 


Fig. 18. Beyrichiella gregaria, new species. 


Fig. 18. Left valve of an average old example of this rather variable species. 1n 
young valves the obscurely defined ventral flange is much narrower 
or is wanting, and in such cases the denticulated contact edge beneath 
may be visible in a side view. 

Coal Measures, Kansas City, Missouri. 


Frias. 19, 20. Bairdia beedei, new species. 


Fras. 19, 20. Right side and ventral views of a complete example. End view 
about as in figure 22. 
Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 


Fias. 21, 22. Bairdia beedei abrupta, new variety. 


Figs. 21,22. Views of right side and posterior end showing the more abruptly 
tapering posterior portion that distinguishes the variety. Edge view 
about as in figure 20. 
Cottonwood shales, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 


Fics. 23-26. Cypridina subovata, new species. 


Fig. 23. Left valve, with the test somewhat exfoliated, so as to show the mus- 

cular sear, < 6. 

24. Dorsal outline of same, showing postero-cardinal projection. 

25. Posterior view in outline of same, likewise showing the post-cardinal 
projection of margin supposed to indicate a limited overlap of valves. 

26. Right valve drawn trom a gutta-percha squeeze, X 6, showing slight 
difference in outline of post-cardinal portion when compared with 
left valve. 

Lawrence shales, Lawrence, Kansas. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XI 


COAL MEASURES OSTRACODA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 163, 164. 


A NEW RUMINANT FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF NEW 
MEXICO. 


By James WILLIAMS GIDLEY, 
Of the Department of Geology. 


In excavating for the new irrigation dam at Black Rocks, 43 miles 
east of Zuni, New Mexico, a number of fossil bones have recently 
been unearthed, which were preserved by Mr. Jobn B. Harper, engi- 
neer in charge of the work. These bones were secured and presented 
to the U. S. National Museum by the Department of the Interior, 
through Mr. F. E. Leupp, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

The little collection from Zuni contains teeth and bone fragments of 
Elephas columbi and other characteristic Pleistocene species, together 
with the top and back portions of a skull representing an undescribed 
genus of the Bovide family, apparently closely related to Ovdbos. 

This specimen, though incomplete and battered, is of especial interest, 
coming from this locality. Its incompleteness and poor condition 
make it a rather unsatisfactory type, yet there are suflicient distinctive 
characters preserved to warrant its description. 


LIOPS, new genius. 


Generic characters.—Horn cores set wide apart and well back, as in 
Ovibos, but much less drooping; continuous with the frontals laterally, 
with no burrs or rugosities at base; smooth throughout. Parietals 


_ forming a large part of the occiput, which is high and narrow above. 


No true lambdoidal crest. Foramen magnum about one and one-half 
times greater in diameter than in Ovcbos. Occipital condyles set widely 
apart, with their borders continuous with the surrounding bones. 
Tympanie bone roughly triangular in shape, very smooth and flat, 
with no bulla, and tightly inclosed by the surrounding elements. 
Post-gleanoid process reduced to a low rounded knob. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1447. 
165 


166 ‘EEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


LIOPS ZUNIENSIS, new species. 


Type, top and back portion of skull, Cat. No. 5100, U.S.N.M. 
collection. 


Fic. 1.—LIOPs ZUNIENSIS, TOP VIEW OF SKULL (ABOUT } NAT. SIZE). 


FIG. 2.—LIOPS ZUNIENSIS, POSTERIOR VIEW OF SKULL (ABOUT } NAT. SIZE). 


A striking feature of the portion of the skull preserved is its 
extreme smoothness. Its angles are free from rugosities, and there 


No. 1447. NEW PLEISTOCENE RUMINANT—GIDLEY. 167 


are no sharp or roughened processes even in the tympanic and mastoid 
region. The horn cores are relatively longer, less robust, and less 
drooping than in Ovibos or Simbos, the latter standing directly inter- 
mediate between Lops and Ovibos in this respect. Another striking 


Fie, 3.—LIOPS ZUNIENSIS, PALATAL VIEW OF SKULL (ABOUT ; NAT. SIZE). 


feature is the position of the relatively large foramen magnum, which 
is confined entirely to the back or occipital face of the skull. 

Liops is apparently much more closely allied to Ovcbos than either 
of the California Pleistocene genera, Huceratherium and Preptoceros, 
and seems, without question, to belong to the subfamily Ovibovine. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA FROM JAPAN. 


By Wituram H. Asumnap, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Insects. 


In the following pages I continue the descriptions of the new gen- 
era and species of Japanese Hymenoptera in the National Museum, 
presented by Dr. K. Mitsukuri, of the Imperial University of Tokio; 
Mr. Y. Nawa, of Gifu; Dr. S. Matsumura, of Sapporo; Mr. Albert 
Koebele, of Honolulu, and others. 

A few species are also included from China, Formosa, Trong, Lower 
Siam, etc. Six genera and seventy-three species are described as new 
to science. 

Parts Land II of this series of papers were published in the Journal 
of the New York Entomological Society for 1904, and treated of the 
superfamilies Sphecoidea, Vespoidea, Proctotrypoidea, Cynipoidea, 
and Chalcidoidea. The present paper treats of the superfamily 
Ichneumonoidea. 


supertamily Vill [CHNEUMONOIDEA. 
Family LXXV. ICHNEUMONID. 


Subfamily I. ICHNHBHUMONIN 4“. 


MATSUMURALUS, new genus. 


This new genus belongs to the tribe Joppini, and will fall in my 
table of genera, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 15, 
next to Evcoptosarge Kriechbaumer, but may be easily separated by 
the following characters: 

Scutellum saddle-shaped, emarginate above ......------ Eecoptosarge Kriechbaumer. 
Scutellum convexly rounded, not emarginate..........---Matsumuraius, new genus. 

In the shape of the head, the venation, more or Jess, the scutellum, 
and the abdomen, this genus closely resembles Avwtomalus Wesmael, 
but the metathorax is abruptly truncate posteriorly, the upper hind 
margin bounded by a carina, the angles toothed, the lateral and 
pleural carinz distinct, while the spiracles are large and linear; the 
areolet of the front wings is large, pentagonal, the discoidal nervure 
and the second recurrent nervure being broken by a stump of a vein. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1448. 
169 


= | 


170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. exe 


MATSUMURAIUS GRANDIS, new species. 
Plate XII, fig. 1. 


Male.—Length 30 mm. Black, closely punctate; the clypeus and 
the entire face to the insertion of the antenne, the inner orbits close 
to the apex of the eyes, the scape beneath, the upper hind margins of 
the pronotum interrupted medially, the tegule, a small spot beneath, 
the scutellum, and the legs, except as hereafter noted, are yellow; the 
hind coxe beneath and at apex, all trochanters, except a yellow spot 
on the front pair, the extreme base of middle and hind femora, the 
apices of same and the apex of tibize are black. Abdomen black, 
except a small spot at apex of the petiole, dorsal segments 2 and 3, 
and the ventral segments 2 to + which are red. Wings hyaline, the 
apical margins smoky, the stigma and veins, except the subcostal and 
basal veins which are black or dark fuscous, being yellowish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7219, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo. Described from a single specimen received 
from Doctor Matsumura and in honor of whom the genus is named. 


Genus EXEPHANES Wesrmael. 


EXEPHANES KOEBELEI, new species. 


Female.—Length about 10 mm. Black, closely punctate; the anten- 
nal joints 9 to 13 beneath, the tegule, the apex of the sixth abdominal 
segment, the seventh and eighth abdominal segments entirely, and the 
trochanters are white; the extreme apices of flagellar joints 1 to 5 are 
yellowish; the scutellum is pale yellowish; the apices of the femora, the 
front tibiz and tarsi beneath are yellowish or testaceous, the front tarsi 
above and the middle tibiz and tarsi are more brownish, the hind legs 
are black or brown-black, while the hind tibiz are yellowish at the 
extreme base. Wings subfuscous, the stigma yellow, the veins brown. 
The metathorax is completely areolated, the areola being hexagonal. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7220, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Japan. One specimen taken by Mr. A. Koebele, the 
exact locality not stated. 


Genus STENICHNEUMON Thomson. 


STENICHNEUMON SAPPOROENSIS, new species. 


Male.—Length 16mm. Black and punctate, with the face below 
the antenne, the inner orbits to summit of eyes, the mandibles, except 
the teeth, the scape and pedicel, except above, the upper margin of 
prothorax, interrupted anteriorly, the tegule, a line beneath, the 
scutellum and postscutellum, a curved line on front coxe, the legs, 
except the hind coxe, femora and apical fourth of the hind tibie 


q 
J 


q 
4 
J 


No, 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 171 


which are black, a stripe on hind cox beneath and a small spot at 
sides near base, the second abdominal segment, except basal half, are 
all yellow. Wings subhyaline, faintly tinged, the stigma and costal 
vein yellow, the internal veins brown. The metathorax is areolated, 
but the basal and lateral areas are confluent, the areola subquadrate, 
the hind margin obtusely angulated. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7221, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo. One male, taken by Doctor Matsumura. 


Genus MELANICHNEUMON Thomson. 


MELANICHNEUMON JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 14mm. _ Black closely punctate, except the three 
or four terminal segments of the abdomen, which are nearly smooth; 
antennal joints 11 to 15, or at least beneath, a small line back of the 
eyes, the scutellum, and a large, oblong spot on all tibize behind snow- 
white; there is also a small yellowish spot on the apical margin of the 
last dorsal abdominal segment. Wings subfuliginous, the veins black, 
the stigma being brownish within; tegule shining black. The meta- 
thorax is completely areolated, the areola large, hexagonal. The 
gastrocoeli are not deep, situated at the basal lateral angles, and with 
irregularly longitudinally raised lines, but the space between them is 
broad and closely punctate, as is the rest of the abdomen. 

Type.—Cat. No, 7222, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). 


Genus RHEXIDERMUS Forster. 
RHEXIDERMUS JAPONICUS, new species. 
Plate XII, fig. 2. 


Female.—Length, 7.5 mm. Black, finely punctate, subopaque; the 
scutellum yellowish; flagellum reddish-brown, joints 10 to 14 above 
white; mandibles conically pointed, edentate, whitish, the tips blackish; 


legs ferruginous, the anterior and middle pairs, especially basally 


pale yellowish; abdomen much longer than the head and thorax united, 
above black, the petiole and the apical segments smooth and shining, 
or nearly, the segments 2, 3, and 4 distinctly closely punctate, ventral 
segments 2, 3, and 4, and the extreme lateral margins of the dorsal 
segments 2 to 4, testaceous; ovipositor subexserted, as long as the 
second joint of hind tarsi. Wings hyaline, the costal margin brown, 
the stigma and internal veins testaceous. 

-Type.—Cat. No. 7223, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). 


72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


‘Tribe VI. PHAEFOGENINI. 
Genus PHAEOGENES Wesmael. 
PHAEOGENES JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length,imm. Black, with the first 7 joints of the antenne, 
the legs, except tips of hind tibiz, the first and second segments of the 
abdomen and the fourth very narrowly at base, red; the antennal joints 
8 to 12 are more or less white, the joints beyond dark fuscus or black; 
the extreme apices of the abdominal segments 4 to 7, if viewed from 
behind, are more or less testaceous, although not noticeable from above. 
Wings hyaline, the tegule and veins basally whitish, the stigma and 
internal veins brownish. The head above is faintly, sparsely punctate, 
but in front below the insertion of the antennz, except the clypeus, it 
is more closely and distinctly punctured; the clypeus is highly polished 
with a few scattered punctures; the thorax is distinctly, finely, but not 
very closely, punctured, the metathorax being finely rugulosely punc- 
tured and distinctly areolated; the abdomen has the petiole highly pol- 
ished, impunctate, the second and third segments subopaque, while 
those beyond are shining. 


Type.—Cat. No. 7225, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). 


Subfamily Il. CRYPTIN_4. 
Tribe II PHYGADEUDONINI. 
Genus BATHYMETIS Forster. 
BATHYMETIS SAPPOROENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor shorter than the petiole. 
Head, thorax ani petiole of the abdomen black, the rest of the abdo- 
men, except the sheathes of the ovipositor, which are black, dark red; 
antenne about 26-jointed, thickened toward apex, yellowish from the 
base to the sixth joint, from whence they are dusky or brownish; man- 
dibles red; palpi and tegule yellowish white; legs, including coxe, 
ferruginous. The head and thorax, except the metathorax which is 
rugulose and areolated, are smooth and shining, impunctate. Wings 
hyaline, the stigma and coste reddish-brown, the internal veins paler. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7226, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo. (Dr. S. Matsumura.) One specimen, No. 38. 


Genus SCINASCOPUS Forster. 
SCINASCOPUS JAPONICUS, new species. 
Male.—Length,4 mm. Black and shining; the palpi, tegule and 


legs, except the coxe which are blackish, the hind femora toward base 
above and the tips of the hind tibize which are reddish or brownish, are 


ai 


No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—A SHMEAD. 1738 


yellowish white; the antenne are light brownish yellow beneath: the 
abdomen is longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole sub- 
rugulose, subopaque and with carine, the other segments being 
smooth. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins reddish-brown. 
Type.—Cat. No. 7227, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Sapporo. (Dr. S. Matsumura.) One specimen, No. 29. 


SCINASCOPUS ALBOMACULATUS, new species. 


Male.—Length, 8 mm. Black; the palpi, the mandibles, except 
teeth, the clypeus, a spot above it, a spot on scape beneath at apex, 
the tegule and epitegule, the front and middle trochanters, except 
sometimes a stripe above, and the apical margin of the seventh dorsal 
segment of the abdomen, are ivory white; the tips of the front femora 
and their tibiz, and the middle tibix are light brownish or yellowish. 
Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2728, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. Nikko (A. Koebele). 


Tribe III. LEVI Ee EN 
Genus ADIOSTOLA Forster. 


ADIOSTOLA POLITA, new species. 


Female.—Length, 2.5 mm.: ovipositor less than half the length of 
the abdomen; black and shining; palpi and tegule white: antenne 
brown, the scape and pedicel yellowish; legs, except the hind COXe, 
testaceous, the trochanters tinged with yellowish white. Wines 
hyaline, the stigma and veins, except along the costa of the front 
wings, pale yellowish, the costal edge being brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7299, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.— Japan (A. Koebele). Two specimens. 


Genus PARAPHYLAX Forster. 


PARAPHYLAX ALBISCAPUS, new species. 


Male.—Length 3mm. Black and shining; the palpi, mandibles. 
except teeth, scape of antenna, tegulxe, and middle trochanters, yel- 
lowish white; flagellum brown-black, long and tapering off at apex; 
_ legs testaceous, the cox and tibe more or less yellowish white in part 
or beneath, the hind tibiz at apex and their tarsi dusky, the hind tro- 
chanters, except the second joint above, and the hind tibial spurs ivory 
white. Wings hyaline, the stigma brown, the costal margin blackish, 
the internal veins pale brownish or yellowish. 

Type.—Cat. No. (230, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). One specimen. 


os 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus HEMITELES Gravenhorst. 


HEMITELES SAPPOROENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 4.5 mm.; ovipositor scarcely one-third the length 
of the abdomen. Head reddish-brown, with a black spot on the vertex 
inclosing the ocelli, and finely shagreened; thorax, except the pro- 
sternum, which is reddish brown, black, finely shagreened and opaque, 
the parapsidal furrows absent, the metathorax completely areolated; 
abdomen reddish-brown, with the petiole black, and the disks of the 
dorsal segments more or less dusky or blackish; antennz, except toward 
tips, and legs ferruginous. Wings hyaline with two transverse brown 
bands, one across from the basal nervure and inclosing it, and the other, 
a broader one, across from near the base of the stigma and including 
the marginal cell. 

Type.-—Cat. No. 7231, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Dr. 5. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 27. 


PROTEROCRYPTUS, new genus. 


This new genus belongs to the tribe Hemitelini, and in my table of 
genera, Classification of Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 32, falls in with 
Diaglypta Forster, with which, however, it has no close affinity. The — 
table may be changed to read as follows: 


15. Metathoracic ridge not interrupted at the middle.............-...-.----.--- 16 

Metathoracic ridge interrupted at the middle, the areola and petiolar area 
confluent. 

First abdominal segment short, broad, and strong ......-. Diaglypta Forster 


First abdominal segment long and slender, subclavate; thorax rather short 
oval, the prothorax not visible from above, the parapsidal furrows absent, 
the metathorax rather short, rounded off posteriorly and areolated, the 
aerola and petiolar area confluent, the spiracles small, circular. 

Proterocryptus, new genus 


PROTEROCRYPTUS NAWAII, new species. 
Plate XII, fig. 3. 


Female.—Length about 6 mm.; ovipositor hardly one-third the 
length of the abdomen. Black, marked with white or yellow as fol- 
lows: The face, clypeus, the narrow malar space, mandibles, scape and 
pedicle beneath, hind and front orbits, connected with a band across 
the forehead, two stripes down the mesonotum, the upper margin of 
the prothorax at sides broadly to the tegule, the tegule, a large spot 
on mesopleura anteriorly, the scutellum, the postscutellum, the meta- 
notum, except a narrow band at base and at apex surrounding the inser- 
tion of the petiole, all coxze and trochanters, except a black spot on 
hind coxe at base behind and a spot on their trochanters above, and 
the apical margins of the abdominal segments (the fifth and sixth 


ij 


t 


NO. 1448, NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 175 


interrupted medially) are white or yellowish-white; legs pale or yel- 
lowish-white; the base of hind coxe behind, spot on their trochanters 
above and the apices of hind femora and tibie, black. Wings hyaline, 
the stegma and veins reddish brown, the costal and poststigmal veins 
black, the venation as in figure. The thorax is closely punctate, 
otherwise the insect, except some minute sparse punctures on the 
face, is smooth and shining. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7233, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). 


Aes WAM O19 Sd PI OMG & 
Genus CRYPTUS Fabricius. 


CRYPTUS ALBERTI, new species. 


Female.—Length 10 mm.; ovipositor a little longer than half the 
length of the abdomen. Black, finely, closely punctate, subopaque 
and pubescent, the metathorax rugulose, with two transverse carine; 
-antenne black, with joint 7 at apex beneath and joints 8 to 11 beneath, 
white; legs black, with the ‘apex of front femora and the front and 
middle tibiz reddish, their tarsi subfuscous, the hind legs wholly 
black, except tarsal joints 3 and 4, which are white; the abdomen, 
‘except the petiole, is subopaque, the second and following segments 
‘very delicately shagreened, a little shiny at their apices, the sixth 
dorsal segment narrowly white at apex, the petiole smooth and shining. 
‘Wings subhyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown, the discoidal 
nervure broken by a stump of a vein, the areolet rather large, pentago- 
nal, the sides almost parallel. 


Type.—Cat. No. 7232, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). 
Tribe Vil. MESOSTENINI. 
Genus MESOSTENUS Gravenhorst. 
MESOSTENUS OCTOCINCTUS, new species. 
Female.—Length about 8 mm.; ovipositor half the length of the 


abdomen. Black and closely punctured; the mandibles, except teeth, 
the clypeus, face and front orbits to the summit of the eyes, the 
cheeks and the hind orbits not quite to the summit of the eyes, the 
palpi, the antennal joints deneath from the apex of the sixth to the 
sixteenth joint, a band on the prothorax above, interrupted at the mid- 
dle, a round spot on the disk of the mesonotum, the scutellum and its 
lateral ridges anteriorly, a streak on the post-scutellum, the tegule, a 
line beneath, two spots on the mesopleura, a spot on the mesosternum, 
1 large spot on the metapleura, the margins of the metathoracic 
runcature broadly, all cox and trochanters, except a black spot on 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


the hind coxe above and a spot on the first joint of the hind tro- 
chanters, the tibial spurs and the hind tarsi, except the last joint, are 
white; rest of legs, except knees of hind legs, tips of hind tibie and 
last joint of tarsi which are black, red; the eight segments of the 
abdomen are banded with yellowish white at apex, those of the fifth 
and sixth interrupted, those on the following very narrow. Wings 
hyaline, the veins dark brown, the lanceolate stigma brownish 
medially. 

Male.—Length 7mm. Agrees practically in every respect with the 
female, but differs in having joints 9 to 16 of antenne white, except 
a streak above, the abdomen with only 7 segments, compressed at apex, 
all being banded at apex with white and none interrupted medially. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7234, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—China (A. Koebele). 


Subfamily III. PIMPLIN 2%. 
‘Lribe LIL LIssSOnoTin®: 
Genus PIMPLOPTERUS Ashmead. 


PIMPLOPTERUS JAPONICUS, new species. 


Male.—Length 7mm. Black; the mandibles, the clypeus, a minute 
dot on orbits within near the base of the eyes, the palpi, an irregular 
band on each side of the anterior margin of the mesonotum, the teg- 
ule, front coxe and trochanters and the tibial spurs yellowish or yel- 
lowish white; the rest of the legs, except the hind coxe, tips of hind 
tibie, and the hind tarsi which are black, red. Wings hyaline, the 
stigma and veins brown. The head is shining, almost impunctate 
above, but finely punctate in front; the mesonotum although shining 
is distinctly punctate; the metathorax finely rugulosely punctate and 
subopaque; the long abdomen is black, subopaque, but the extreme 
apical margins of dorsal segments 2 to 6 exhibit a yellowish tinge when 
viewed from behind. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7235, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Hakone (A. Koebele). 


ABs sys) J WL) E40 oa PNG (- 
Genus MEGARHYSSA Ashmead. 


MEGARHYSSA JAPONICA, new species. 


Female.—Length 32 mm.; ovipositor 40 mm. Black; face below 
the antennz to the clypeus, except a median black line, the hind orbits 
broadly to the cheeks, the palpi, the upper lateral margins of the pro- 
notum, an oblong spot above the front cox, a large spot below the 
tegule and a smaller spot below that on the anterior margin of the 


BNO. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. ee 


-mesopleura, two longitudinal lines on the mesonotum, the scutellum 


and postscutellum, a small spot on the lateral ridges that extend from 
the scutellum, the apex of the metathorax rather broadly, a large 
spot at the apex of the metapleura,a band at apex of dorsal abdominal 


segments 1 and 2, and oblong spots on segments 3 to 7, yellow; the 


legs are tricolored, yellow, black, and ferruginous; the front legs, 


except the coxze behind which are black, and the femora within which 


are reddish are yellow; the middle coxe, except two united spots at 
the sides, the base of first joint of the trochanters and the femora 


_ beneath and behind, except at apex, are black, otherwise the middle 


legs are yellow; the hind legs are black, but the the cox have a spot 


‘at base above, the base of the trochanters and the femora at apex yel- 


low. Wings subfuscous, with a large black cloud across from the 
apical half of the stigma to beyond the middle of the front wing. 
Type.—Cat. No. 7238, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). This beautiful species 
shows some affinity with J/. superba. 


HEMIEPHIALTES, new genus. 


This new genus, on account of having the claws simple, will fall in 
my generic table of the Pimplini, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, 
1900, page 54, between Cullicphialtes Ashmead and Perithous Holm- 
eren. My generic table may. be modified as follows: 

SELON GWU iL ameareOletaa sabe. cease nee aoe See cece et aclcen cecscles 83 

Front wings without an areolet. 

Metathorax finely, sparsely punctate, with the lateral areas present, the supe- 
rior margin of the truncature bounded by a delicate carina, the spiracles 
small, oval; transverse median nervure in hind wings broken far below the 
PENANG ONL CSR eetes et es Beene py Rh LS eS SS Hemiephialtes, new genus. 

83. Metathorax smooth, shining, without punctures; areolet in front wings rhom- 
boidal, not petiolate; transverse median nervure in hind wings broken above 
GORE Le yee ee MP eno ame oe ee Ie ed ee ges Perithous Holmgren. 


HEMIEPHIALTES GLYPTUS, new species. 
Plate XIII, fig. 1. 


Female.—Length about 12 mm.; ovipositor much longer than the 
whole body. Black, finely punctate; legs pale ferruginous, the front 
coxe and trochanters, the second joint of the hind trochanters, except 
a spot above, and an annulus at base of hind tibiz, yellowish white, 
while the first joint of hind trochanters, the hind femora, tibiz, and 
tarsi are black. Wings subfuscous, the tegule and costal veins yel- 
lowish white, the internal veins and the stigma dark fuscous or black. 
The abdomen is elongate, nearly twice as long as the head and thorax 
united, closely punctate, opaque or subopaque, except a small shining 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——12 


178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


impunctate space at apex of the first, second, and third segments; the 
second, third, and fourth segments have oblique furrows from the 
basal middle much as in the genus Glypta Gravenhorst. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7237, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). 


Genus PIMPLA Fabricius. 
PIMPLA PLUTO, new species. 


Female.—Length 15 mm.; ovipositor 4 mm. Entirely black, 
except the two apical joints of the palpi which are brownish, a stripe on 
the front femora in front, and the front tibie, except a stripe above, 
which are reddish, the stripe above on the front tibiz and the front 
tarsi are brownish. The whole insect is closely punctate, opaque, 
except the face, which is more sparsely punctate and shining, the 
clypeus being distinctly separated from the face, with only a few 
sparse punctures at its base. Wings subfuliginous, the stigma, except. 
a pale spot at base, and the veins black. The metathorax is entirely 
without carine. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7240, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). 


Genus APECHTHIS Forster. 
APECHTHIS ORBITALIS, new species. 
Plate XIII, fig. 2. 


Female.—Length 20 mm.; ovipositor not quite 5mm. Black, the 
head and upper part of thorax opaque but not punctate, the sides of 
the thorax and the scutellum sparsely punctate, shining; the inner 
orbits within the incision of the eyes, the apex of the scutellum, and 
the postscutellum are yellowish; the base of the metanotum inclosed 
by the two diverging carine is smooth and shining, impunctate but 
the surface on either side of the carine is closely punctate, as well as 
abdominal segments 1 to 5, the following segments being almost - 
smooth; the front legs from the apex of the cox, the middle legs 
from the second joint of the trochanters, and the basal two-thirds of the 
hind tibie, except a narrow black annulus at base, are flavo-testaceous, 
the hind femora being rufous, the rest of the legs black. Wings, 
except a faint tinge, hvaline, the stigma and veins, except a pale spot 
between the parastigma and stigma, being black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7242, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). 


APECHTHIS SAPPOROENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 15 mm.; ovipositor short, about one-fourth the 
length of the abdomen. Black, the head and thorax not punctate, the 
face slightly shagreened, with some transverse rugve just beneath the 


j 


No. 1448, NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 179 


insertion of the antenn, the mesonotum subopaque, the metathorax 
sparsely punctate on either side of the quadrate median inclosure, the 
basal median inclosure smooth and highly polished, open posteriorly; 
the abdomen is distinctly, closely punctate; the ocelli are yellowish 
white; the palpi blackish, with the two or three apical joints yellowish; 
the antenne are black, but with the basal two or three joints of the 
flagellum eneath ferruginous; the apex of the scutellum, the post- 
scutellum, the front legs, except the coxve, trochanters, the femora 
above and a spot on the tibie behind, the apex of the middle tibiz, an 
annulus toward base and their tarsi, and an annulus toward base of 
the hind tibiz, and tibial spurs, pale yellowish, the rest of legs black. 
Wings hyaline, the hind margins of the tegule, a very small spot in 
front and the costal vein pale yellowish white, the stigma and other 
veins black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7241, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). 


Genus EPIURUS Forster. 


EPIURUS ANNULITARSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 10mm. Black and shining, the head and 
thorax, except some punctures on the sides of the metathorax, almost 
impunctate; palpi and tegule yellowish white; legs red, the hind tibiz 
and tarsi yellowish white, the hind tibize with an annulus near base and 
their apices black; pulvilli and claws black. Wings hyaline, the 
parastigma, stigma, and poststigmal vein yellowish, the internal veins 
brownish. The metanotum has two median carina above that con- 
verge toward base, and back of these are two large impressions 
bounded by a carina on each side and at apex, the space between this 
carina and the pleural carina being punctate, but the upper face of 
the metanotum is smooth and impunctate. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7245, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. —Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 6. 


EPIURUS HAKONENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length about 12 mm.; ovipositor as long as the abdomen, 
the sheaths very hairy. Black and shining, the head smooth, impunc- 
tate, the thorax faintly, feebly punctate, except the middle mesotho- 
racic lobe anteriorly and the metathorax, which are distinctly punctate; 
the abdomen is distinctly, rather closely punctate, except at the apical 
margins of segments 2 to 6 and the two apical segments, which are 
impunctate; the palpi, pedicel, and first three joints of the flagellum 
beneath, the teguleya line beneath, and the costal vein at basal half, 
yellowish white; the legs are ferruginous, the front cox, trochanters, 
and tarsi, the middle trochanters, apex of middle femora, an annulus 
at base of their tibie, all tibial spurs, an annulus at base of hind tibie, 


> 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


a broader one on their middle, and an annulus at base of their tarsi, 
yellowish white; rest of hind tibie and tarsi black. Wings faintly 
tinged with fuscous, the stigma and internal veins black or dark 
fuscous. 

The metathorax has an apical area indicated, the surface, within 
punctate. The first abdominal segment is not longer than wide. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7243, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Mount Hakone (A. Koebele); also Sapporo (Doctor 
Matsumura). 


EPIURUS PERSIMILIS, new species. 


kemale.—Length 11 mm.; ovipositor as long asthe abdomen. Very 
similar to /. hakonensis, except as follows: The antennz are wholly 
black, except the extreme apex of the scape, which is white; the front 
legs, except the femora, the middle legs, except the coxee and femora, 
and the hind trochanters and hind tibie at basal two-thirds, except a 
narrow black annulus near the base, are yellowish white, rest of legs, 
except the apical third of hind tarsi, the annulus near the base, and the 
hind tarsi, which are black, being rufous; metanotum without an area 
at base, the median space smooth, impunctate; first abdominal seg- 
ment a little longer than wide. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7244, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). 


NESOPIMPLA, new genus. 


In my generic table of the Pimplinz, Classification of the Ichneumon 
Flies, 1900, page 53, this new genus will fall in with /¢op/ect/s Forster 
and Hremochila Forster, the claws not being toothed at base and the 
metathoracic spiracles being round, but from both it is easily separated 
by the areolet of the front wings, which is irregularly pentagonal in 
shape, resembling that found among the Phygadeuonini, the trans- 
verse median nervure in the front wings is interstitial with the basal 
nervure, while in the hind wings it is broken by the subdiscoidal 
nervure far above the middle; the metathorax has two distinct longi- 
tudinal carine that diverge posteriorly and end just over the insertion 
of the hind cox; the abdomen is much as in /impla Fabricius, the 
apex of sexments 2 to 6 tumid, 3 to 6 with transverse impressions a 
little beyond the lateral middle, the second segment with the trans- 
verse impression distinct only laterally at the apical angles, broadly 
interrupted at the middle. 


NESOPIMPLA NARANYAZ:, new species. 


Plate XIII, fig. 3. 


Female.—Length 9.5 mm.; ovipositor short, less than one-third the 


length of the abdomen. Head, thorax, and the abdominal segments 
6 to 8, except narrowly at apex black, the abdominal segments 1 to 5, 


- 


j 


No, HAS. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 181 


and the antennz, except the two basal joints, pale ferruginous; palpi 
and legs yellowish white; the hind coxe behind and the hind femora 
pale ferruginous, the extreme apex of the hind femora, an annulus at 
base, and the apex of the hind tibize being black; the tarsal joints 1 to 
5 are tipped with black. Wings hyaline, the stigma, except a spot at 
base, and the internal veins black. 
Type.—Cat. No. 7247, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Sapporo. Bred by Doctor Matsumura from Varanya 
diffusa. 
Genus THERONIA Holmgren. 
THERONIA JAPONICA, new species. 


Female.—Length 11 mm.; ovipositor about one-third the length of 
the abdomen. Yellowish; the suture at base of clypeus, a median line 
on face, the frontal depressions back of the origin of the antenne, the 
space surrounding the ocelli, the occiput and the eyes, black; the fla- 
gellum is brown; thorax at sides and beneath black, the upper margin 
of the pronotum, the margin of the prosternum, the tegule, the ridge 
beneath, a small line on mesopleura anteriorly and a spot posteriorly, 
a spot on metapleura, the apex of metathorax broadly, the postscutel- 
lum, scutellum, and two lines on the mesothorax, yellow, the middle 
lobe of the mesonotum is black while the lateral lobes are brownish; 
abdomen yellowish, the first segment black at basal half or more, the 
following dorsal segments more or less dusky at base; legs yellowish, 
but with a spot at base of middle coxe, a spot on middle femora 
beneath, the hind coxe anteriorly and the hind femora beneath, black. 
Wings hyaline, the costal vein and the stigma yellow, the internal 
veins brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7239, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sappora (Doctor Matsumura). 


‘Tribe V. XORIDINI. 
Genus ODONTOMERUS Gravenhorst. 
ODONTOMERUS NIKKOENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 8 mm.; ovipositor nearly as long as the body. 
Black, with segments 3 to 5 of the abdomen dark rufopiceous, the 
front tibize and tarsi testaceous; the middle tibiv and tarsi darker; the 
hind legs, except the tibize beneath which have a piceous tinge, wholly 
black; antenne brown; palpi white. Wings hyaline, the stigma and 
veins brown. The head and thorax, except the metathorax, are smooth 
and shining, almost impunctate; the mesonotum only sparsely punc- 
tate, more distinct on the prominent middle lobe anteriorly; the petiole 
and the second segment of the abdomen are finely shagreened, sub- 
opaque; the other segments smooth and shining. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7248, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Nikko (A. Koebele). 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus CALLICLISIS Forster. 
CALLICLISIS INCERTA, new species. 
Plate XIV, fig. 1. 


Male.—Length about 19mm. Black and shining, although sparsely 
punctate; the face, except a central black line, scape of antenne 
beneath, the pedicel, basal three or four joints of the flagellum, mand- 
ibles, palpi, tegule, epitegule, all legs from the coxe, except the 
hind femora, a spot at apex of first dorsal abdominal segment, a band 
at apex of the second segment, the third and fourth wholly, except a 
brownish shade at base of the fourth, a band at apex of the following 
segments and the venter, testaceous or yellowish, the cox black, the 
hind femora, except at base and apex, blackish or brown-black. Wings 
hyaline; the stigma, except a median streak from its base, and the 
veins black. Antenne, except as noted, black from the fifth or sixth 
joint. The abdomen is fully one and a half times as large as the head 
and thorax united and compressed from the third segment. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7249, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumura). 


Subfamily IV. TRY PHONIN AX. 
‘Tribe I. MESOLEPTINI. 


Genus SYCHNOLETER Forster. 
SYCHNOLETER JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 8 mm. Black, closely, minutely punctate, opaque, 
with the second, third, and basal half of the fourth segment of the 
abdomen, red; the apical haif or more of the front femora, their tibie 
and tarsi, the middle tibiz, except at extreme apex, and the basal three- 
fourths of the hind tibiz are testaceous; the tibial spurs, joints 3 and 
4 of the hind tarsi, and an annulus on the antenne (comprising joints 
13 to 18), are white; the flagellum outwardly is more or less ferrugi- 
nous. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7250, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.— Sapporo (Dr. S. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 23. 


Tribe IV. TRY PHONINI. 
Genus RHIMPHALEA Forster. 
RHIMPHALEA DUBIA, new species. 


Male.—Length 4.5 mm. Black and shining, impunctate; antenne 
yellowish beneath, the scape black above, the flagellum dark brown 
above; palpi and tegule white; legs, except coxe, pulvilli and claws, 
and a spot at apex of hind tibize which are black, flavo-testaceous, the 
tibie and tarsi yellowish white, the tips of cox whitish, the hind 


femora reddish. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. 


NO, 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 1838 


The second and third dorsal segments of the abdomen have a transverse 
depression or furrow at the middle. 
Type.—Cat. No. 7251, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 24. 
Genus ASTHENARA Forster. 


ASTHENARA RUFOCINCTA, new species. 


Male.—Length 8.6 mm. Black and shining, with the second and 
third segments of the abdomen red; the cheeks, front orbits, and a 
spot back of eyes, a spot on each side of the middle mesothoracic lobe 
anteriorly, a line on the lateral margin of the lateral lobes in front of 
the tegule, a line beneath the tegule, the front trochanters in part 
and the base of the front femora, the middle trochanters, the apex of 
middle and the sutures of the hind trochanters are white; the front 
and middle tibize and tarsi yellowish; rest of the legs black; the hind 
legs, except the tibial spurs and the sutures of the trochanters, wholly 
black. Wings hyaline, or only faintly tinged, the stigma and veins 
brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7252, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. —Sapporo (Dr. $8. Matsumura). One specimen, No. 34. 


‘Tribe V. BASSINI. 


Genus BASSUS Gravenhorst. 
BASSUS JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 4.5 mm. Black and shining, but punctate; the 
palpi, mandibles, clypeus, face, inner orbits, scape and pedicel beneath, 
front margins of the lateral lobes of the mesonotum, scutellum, a trans- 
verse line on the ridge at base of the metanotum, the tegule, a spot 
beneath, the epitegule, the origin of veins at base of the wings, the 
front and middle legs, apex of hind coxe and trochanters and two- 
thirds of the hind tibie, except an annulus at base, are white or yel- 
lowish-white, the rest of the legs being black, except the front and 
middle femora and tibiz, which are tinged with red; the extreme apical 
margins of dorsal abdominal segments 5, 6, and 7 are whitish; flagel- 
lum black brownish at base beneath. Wings hyaline, the costal veins 
and stigma blackish, the internal veins brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7253, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. —Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumura). Two specimens, No. 40. 


Genus SYRPHOCTONUS Forster. 
SYRPHOCTONUS ATAMIENSIS, new species. 


Male.—Length about5 mm. Black; clypeus, a quadrate spot above, 
a triangular spot on inner orbits below the middle of the eyes, scape 
and pedicel of antenne and front coxe and trochanters yellowish-white. 
Locality.— Atami (A. Koebele). 


> 


i 


184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. ) 


Tribe VII. EXOCHINI. 


Genus EXOCHUS Gravenhorst. 
EXOCHUS HAKONENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 6 mm. Black and shining; the face, palpi, tegule, 
the basal two-thirds of the hind tibie, except an annulus at base, the 
tibial spurs and tarsi, except at apex, are white; the rest of the legs 
red. Wings hyaline, the veins and the stigma, except within, brown. 

Lype.—Cat. No. 7255, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Hakone (A. Koebele). 


Subfamily V. OPHIONIN &%. 
Tribe V. CAMPOPLEGINI. 


Genus CAMPOPLEX Gravenhorst. 
CAMPOPLEX HAKONENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 11mm.; ovipositor as long as the abdomen. Black, 
closely punctate, pubescent, opaque, the petiole alone smooth and 
shining; the palpi, tegule, and tibial spurs are white; scape of antennze 
beneath yellowish; the front legs, except cox and first joint of tro- 
chanters, apex of middle femora and their tibize and tarsi, and the hind 
tibixw behind from near base to apical third, are testaceous or reddish. 
Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7256, U.S.N.M. | 

Locality.—Hakone (A. Koebele). | 


CAMPOPLEX BICOLORIPES, new species. 


Male.—Length 13mm. Resembles the former species, but the color 
of the legs and abdomen is different. The apex of the second dorsal 
abdominal segment and the third, fourth, and fifth segments are red; 
the front and middle legs, except coxe, are yellowish-white, the femora | 
tinged with reddish, the front coxz with a white spot at apex, the 
hind legs, except the tibial spurs and a narrow annulus at base of tarsi _ 
which are white, are entirely black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7257, U.S.N.M. . . 

Locality.--Hakone (A. Koebele). 


Tribe VII BANCHINI. 


NAWATA, new genus. 


This new genus belongs to the tribe Banchinz, and in my generic 
table, Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 96, falls in 
next to the American genus Ceratosoma Cresson, page 97, now Cerato- 
gastra Ashmead, Cresson’s name being preoccupied. It agrees with 
this genus in the shape of the abdomen, but differs quite widely in 


No. 1448, NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 185 


‘other characters: The areolet in the front wings is large and pentago- 


nal; the median cell is a little shorter than the submedian; the trans- 
verse median nervure in the hind wing is broken at its basal angle, 
the subdiscoidal nervure being almost interstitial with the median vein; 
the clypeus has a slight median sinus; the scutellum ends in a small 
tooth; while the claws are simple. 

The genus is named in honor of Mr. Y. Nawa, the well-known ento- 
mologist of Japan, proprietor of the entomological laboratory in Gifu, 
also the editor of that interesting Japanese magazine, The Insect 
World, and one who has done so much to stimulate entomological 
research throughout Japan. 


NAWAIA JAPONICA, new species. 
Plate XIV, fig. 3. 


Female.—Length, 11 mm. Black; the orbits, the face below anten- 
nx, except a median black line and a black line at base of clypeus, the 
mandibles, the palpi, the upper margin of pronotum, two lines on the 
mesonotum which curve outwardly at the anterior margin, the tegule, 
a spot beneath, the scutellum except the transverse furrow at base 
and a spot at apex inclosing the apical tooth, the postscutellum, the 
metathorax except a black transverse band at base, bands at apex of 
all the segments of the abdomen (the bands widening posteriorly so 
that the apical segments are almost wholly yellow), two lines on first 
segment, two spots at base of second, the apices of all femora and the 
front and middle femora beneath second joint of trochanters, most of 
middle tibiz except a spot at base and a stripe behind, a large spot 
on hind coxe behind, and an annulus on the hind tibie before the 
middle, all yellow. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins brown-black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7259, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gitu. Described from two specimens, No. 47, received 
from Mr. Y. Nawa. 


Tribe IX. PORIZONINI. 
Genus TEMELUCHA Forster. 


TEMELUCHA JAPONICA, new species. 


Female.—Length 7.5 to 8 mm. Head yellowish, with the occiput 
and a spot on vertex inclosing the ocelli black; the eyes brown; the 
thorax brownish yellow, with a large oblong spot on the middle of the 
mesonotum anteriorly, the furrow across base of the abdomen, and 
an oblong spot at base of the metanotum black; the front and middle 
coxe and trochanters, and the basis of the tarsi are yellowish white; 
tips of hind tibie and the three last joints of tarsi are black; abdomen 
brownish yellow, the petiole basally, blotches at base of the second 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


and third segments, and the sheaths of the ovipositor being black. 
Wings hyaline, the stigma light brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7260, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—_Swatow, China, and Japan (Mr. A. Koebele). 


Dribe Xx PRISDLOMEE RUIN: 
Genus PRISTOMERUS Holmgren. 


PRISTOMERUS CHINENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Lenegth 6.5 mm.; ovipositor nearly as long as the abdo- 
men. Black; the mandibles, except teeth, and the tegule are white; 
the clypeus, the two basal joints of antenne, the ridge of the pro- 
sternum, the hind angles of the pronotum, the legs, except hind cox 
and the apex of the hind tibie, which are blackish, and the abdomen, 
except most of the petiole above, the second dorsal segment, most of 
the third dorsal segment, and the sheaths of the ovipositor, which are 
black, are testaceous. Wings hyaline. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7261, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Swatow, China (Mr. A. Koebele). 


(Sribe la. Peeve eCaiIScrmni: 
Genus ATELEUTE Forster. 


ATELEUTE PALLIDIPES, new species. 


Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Black and shining, the two basal joints of 
the antennee, the second with a pale annulus at apex, and the abdomen 
toward apex of the first segment and on the second, with a rufo- 
peceoris tinge; flagellum brown-black, with short hairs; legs flavo- 
testaceous, the front and middle cox and trochanters paler yellowish; 
all the tarsi are very long, longer than their tibie. The abdomen is 
long, much longer than the head and thorax united, slender and 
depressed, the sides nearly parallel. Wings hyaline, the stigma — 
and costal vein brown, the internal veins paler. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7262, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). 


Family LXXVI. ALYSID. 
Genus PHAZ:NOCARPA FoOrster. 


PHAENOCARPA FORMOSZ, new species. 


Male.—Length 2.1mm. Brownish yellow, the head paler yellow- 
ish, the metathorax and the abdomen darker brown; eyes dark brown; | 
clypeus, tegule, front cox and trochanters, the middle coxe at apex 
and the first joint of their trochanters, and the first joint of hind 
trochanters, white; rest of legs and the first two joints of the antenne | 


bi 


NO. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 187 


pale yellowish, the flagellum brown, ‘becoming blackish toward apex. 
Wings hyaline, the stigma and basal nervure brown, the other veins 
pale. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7263, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Formosa (A. Koebele). 


Genus KAHLIA Ashmead. 
KAHLIA SECUNDA, new species. 


Female.—Length 4.5 mm. Black and shining; mandibles red with 
black teeth; palpi, tegule, and more or less of the trochanters yellow- 
ish-white; rest of legs mostly testaceous, the tips of hind femora, 

apical third of hind tibix and basal two joints of hind tarsi except at 
tips, dark brownish or fuscous; wings hyaline, the veins blackish, the 

lanceolate stigma, mostly rufous or testaceous within, the stigmal vein 
originating near its apex and extending to the apical margin of the 
wing, making the marginal cell very large. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7264, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). 


Family LX XVIII. BRACONID A. 


Subtamily I. APHIDIIN 4. 


Genus BPHEDRUS Haliday. 
EPHEDRUS JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 1.6 to 2 mm. Polished black; mandibles, palpi 
‘and legs honey-yellow, the hind cox dusky basally; abdomen mostly 
-black, but more or less brownish piceous toward base, the petiole 
‘sometimes yellow and about three times as long as wide. Antenne 
-11-jointed, black, the first two joints more or less testaceous, the third 
‘with a yellow annulus at base, about four times as long as thick. 
| Wings hyaline, the venation brownish, the recurrent nervure joining 
ithe second cubital cell just behind the first transverse cubitus. 

Male.—Ditters from the female in having the antenne longer, 
16-jointed, the flagellar joints being not much more than twice as long 
as thick; the hind femora and tibiz, except at base, are rufo-piceous; 
while the abdominal petiole is black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7265, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). One male and 9 female specimens bred 
from an Aphis. 


Genus ACLITUS Forster. 
This genus has not been recognized since it was briefly characterized 
‘by Doctor Forster in 1862. I have recognized all of Forster’s genera, 
‘although Rey. T. A. Marshall ignores them and has apparently 
“lumped” them all under Aphidius Nees and 7rvowys Haliday. 
This genus is closely allied to Aphidius Nees, but differs decidedly 


> 


q 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, 
= _ ———___— e 
in several particulars. The radius is always s much longer, the parap- 
sidal furrows distinet, the metathorax emarginate behind, the second 
dorsal abdominal segment is very large, while the sheaths of the 


ovipositor are broad and compressed. 


ACLITUS NAWAITI, new species. 
Plate XV, fig. 3. 

Female.—Length, 5.1 mm. Black, with the face, the orbits, the 
scutellum, the base of abdomen, the extreme apex of the long petiole, 
an Oblique spot on the sides of the second segment and the sheaths of 
the ovipositor, testaceous; legs testaceous, the middle and hind femora 
tibix and tarsi darker or brownish. The antenne are filiform, 24 
jointed, the scape oval, large and stout, the pedicel much narrower, 
wider than long, the flagellum gently tapering off toward apex, the 
joints not more than twice as long as thick. The head and thorax are 
smooth and shining, the parapsidal furrows are punctate and meet) 
posteriorly before attaining the base of the scutellum, the lateral lobes 
being shagreened anteriorly; the metathorax is rugulose, deeply 
emarginate behind, and with a median carina, which is forked at apex. 
The abdomen is lanceolate and terminates in a broad, compressed 
ovipositor, the length of the basal joint of the hind tarsi; the petiole 
is long, gradually dilated posteriorly and longitudinally striated. 

Male.—Length 4.5mm. Agrees fairly well with the female, except. 
that the abdomen is clavate, entirely black, except the suture between 
the tirst and second segments, while the antenne are 30-jointed. | 

Type.—Cat. No. 7266, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. —Gifu (Y. Nawa). One male and 2 female specimens) 
were sent, bred from a large Aphis, which, judging from the dry pupa’ 
skins, I identitied as a species of Lachnus, or certainly a genus in the 
subfamily Lachnine. 


Genus APHIDIUS Nees. 
APHIDIUS GIFUENSIS, new species. i 


Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Head and thorax above, ‘except the 
scutellum laterally and the metathorax, polished black, rest of thorax) 
testaceous; abdomen long lanceolate, piceous, the petiole yellowish, 
the incisions of the segments yellow or testaceous, or sometimes yel- 
low, with dusky transverse marks on segments 2 to 6; legs, including 
all cox, honey-yellow; antenne long, 17-jointed, the first two joints 
and base of the third, yellow, rest of the joints brown-black, joints 
3 to 16 about equal i n length, nearly three times as long as thick. 
Wings hyaline, the esta and the veins, except the basal nervure, 
brown, the basal nervure black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7267, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. —Gifu (Y. Nawa). Two specimens bred from an unknow: 
Aphis. 


NEW JAPANESE ITYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 189 


‘ 
E) 
 Kemale.--Length 4.8 mm. Head, sutures of scutellum, the meta- 
thorax and abdomen, except the petiole beneath and the apex of the 
second segment, black and shining, rest of thorax and the legs, except 
the two last joints of tarsi which are dusky, yellow. The antenne 
are long, filiform, 22-jointed, the first two joints more or less yellow- 
ish, the following joints black or brown-black; joints 6 to 21 only about 
twice as long as thick, joints 3 to 5a little longer. Wings hyaline, the 
stigma and veins light brownish, the basal nervure blackish. 
, Male.—Length 4 mm. Agrees well with the female, except that 
, the mesothoracic lobes are sometimes dusky, the antenne longer, 24- 
jointed, while the abdomen beneath, the basal half of the third dorsal 
segment, and sometimes the sutures 4 and 5 are yellow. 
Type.-_Cat. No. 7268, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). One female and 3 male specimens bred 
from an Aphis. 


APHIDIUS JAPONICUS, new species. 


APHIDIUS LACHNIVORUS, new species. 


Male.—Length 3.6 mm. Black and shining; the mesonotal furrows 
are more or less distinct, the surface on each side, especially pos- 
teriorly, opaquely roughened, while between them is a more or less 
distinct median furrow. The antennx are long, 26-jointed, the joints 
, of the flagellum at least twice as long as thick; legs testaceous, the 
hind cox# and femora black, the hind tibie, except at base, fuscous; 

the metanotum has a transverse carina bounding the truncature, but is 
not areolated, and there is a median furrow extending from the scu- 
_ tellum to the carina. The abdomen is elongate, shining black, except 
_a yellow spot at the apex of the second dorsal segment; the first seg- 
ment alone is faintly aciculated basally. 
Type.—Cat. No. 7269, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Nikko (A. Koebele). One specimen labeled from Lachnus 
sp. on Larch. 


APHIDIUS AREOLATUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 2 mm. Polished black without parapsidal fur- 
-Tows, the metathorax with five distinct areas, the areola or middle one, 
‘diamond shaped. The antenne are 13-jointed, the first joint of the 
‘flagellum about thrice as long as thick, a little longer than the second, 
‘the following very gradually decreasing in length, the pennltiarate 
Joint being only a little longer than thiek. the last, or club joint, large, 
ovate, longer than the first; legs brownish yellow, the incision of the 
Joints paler; abdomen lanceolate, longer than the head and thorax 
united, black, except,the base and apex of the petiole and a a spot at 
apex of the second segment which are yellowish; the petiole is sha- 
“greened or roughened, otherwise the abdomen is smooth and shining; 
‘Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins light brown. 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Male.—Agrees in color with the female, but differs in having the 
antenne longer, 19-jointed, the joints of the flagellum being fully twice 
as long as thick, or even a little longer. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7270, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Japan. Described from 2 female and 5 male specimens, 
labeled No. 1268, and bred by Mr. Albert Koebele from an unknown 
Aphis. 


Genus LYSIPHLEBUS Forster. 


LYSIPHLEBUS JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female. -Length 2mm. Head, dorsum of mesonotum, the scutel- 
lums, and the dorsum of the abdomen, except the petiole and suture 2, 
and sometimes one or two of the other sutures, black; basal 3 or 4 joints 
of the antenne, the legs, and the abdomen, except as noted, yellow. 
The antenne are 13-jointed, black or brown, black from the fifth joint; 
joints 3 to 6 are about thrice as long as thick, those beyond a little 
shorter. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins light brownish. 

Male.—Agrees well with the female, except that the antenne re 
longer, 17-jointed, and brown-black, except the first two joints; the 
base of the second dorsal abdominal segment, as well as the petiole, is 
yellow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7271, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). Three specimens, 2 females and 1 male, 
bred from an unknown Aphis. 


Subfamily IV. METHORIN 2%. 
Genus METEORUS Haliday. 


METEORUS JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female. 


same, and the metathorax entirely, which are black, brownish-yellow; 
abdomen black, the second segment brownish-yellow; legs yellowish. 
The antenne are long, about 30-jointed, brown, the 4 or 5 basal joints 
of the flagellum being about four times as long as thick. Wings hya- 
line, the veins light brown, the costal vein and the stigma within 
blackish. The first segment of the abdomen is longitudinally striate, 


the others smooth and shining, the ovipositer about two-thirds the — 


length of the abdomen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7272, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gitu (Y. Nawa). Three female specimens, No. 53, evi- 
dently bred from a Lepidopteron. 


Length 4.4 mm. Head, except the stemmaticum, and the — 
thorax, except the parapsidal furrows, the depression in front of the 
scutellum, the fovez at base of the scutellum, the sutures surrounding | 


é 
: 


| 


_ No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 19 


Subfamily V. MACROCHNTRIN 2. 
Genus MACROCENTRUS Curtis. 


MACROCENTRUS GIFUENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length +.5 mm.; ovipositor longer than the whole insect. 
Head black; thorax brownish-yellow, the metathorax dusky or brown- 
ish; abdomen above brown or blackish, sometimes paler at the sutures, 
variable, the first, second, and third segments longitudinally striated; 
antenne very long, brownish-yellow, becoming dusky toward apex, 
40 or more jointed, the joints dusky at apex, appearing annulated; 
legs, including coxve, yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins brownish, 
the stigma with a large dark brown blotch within. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7274, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). Two specimens. 


Subfamily IX. CHHLONIN 2%. 
Genus PHANEROTOMA Wesmael. 


PHANEROTOMA FLAVA, new species. 


— Female.—Length 7 mm. Uniformly brownish-yellow; eyes and 
ocelli black; apical halt, or nearly, of the wings smoky, the basal 
half hyaline; antenne longer than the body, brown-black, the flagellar 

‘joints long, about five times as long as thick. The wings have the 
coste to the parastigma, the median and submedian veins, and the 
basal and recurrent nervures yellow, the rest of the veins, with the 
parastigma and stigma being black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7276, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Japan (A. Koebele). This is one of the largest species 
yet discovered in the genus. | 


Genus ASCOGASTER Wesmael. 


’ ASCOGASTER ATAMIENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 4 mm. Black, subopaquely punctate, with a 
/ Sparse whitish pubescence, the base of the abdomen with elevated, 
longitudinal lines, the palpi pale, the two basal joints of the antenne 
,and the legs, except the cox, tips of hind tibiz and more or less of 
the middle and hind tarsi, except basal joint, which are black, or dark 
_fuscous, are ferruginous, the flagellum brown becoming dusky toward 
apex. Wings hyaline, the parastigma and stigma dark brown, the 
Veins testaceous, tinged with brown. 
Type.—Cat. No. 7275, U.S.N.M. 
Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 9 


Subfamily XII. MICROGASTERIN 4. 
Genus GLYPTAPANTELES Ashmead. 
GLYPTAPANTELES POLITUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 3 mm. Black, shining, and impunctate, except 
some sparse, faint punctures on the thorax anteriorly; the antenne 
are longer than the body, black or brown-black, except the scape, 
which is more or less brownish-yellow basally and beneath; ocelli 
honey-yellow; the legs, except the hind cox and the abdomen at 
sides and beneath, are yellow; the metathorax is smooth, without a 
median carina; the abdomen is smooth, shining, and impunctate, the 
plate of the first segment is narrowed toward apex and about two and 
one-half times as long as wide at base, the second segment is a little 
shorter than the third, with two oblique grooved furrows that con- 
verge anteriorly. Wings hyaline, the stigma blackish, the veins, 
except the coste toward apex, pale. 

Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Antenne wholly black, the apex of hind 
femora and tibiz fuscous, their tarsi subfuscous, the thorax anteriorly 
more distinctly finely punctured, the metathorax finely wrinkled; 
otherwise similar to the female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7278, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gitu (N. Nawa). Three specimens, No. 56. 


GLYPTAPANTELES MINOR, new species. 


Female.—Length 2mm. Agrees well with G. politus, except that 
it is smaller with the antennal scape, except narrowly at apex, and 
the pedicel yellow, the stigma and stigmal vein brown, the three ter- 
minal ventral segments black or piceous, while the hind tibiz are 
fuscous at apex. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7279, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gifu (N. Nawa). Four specimens, No. 57. 


GLYPTAPANTELES FEMORATUS, new species. 


* 


Male.—Length 1.8 mm. Black and shining; legs brown-black, with 
the front legs, apex of middle femora and their tibize and tarsi, and 
the basal third of hind tibix, yellow, the hind tarsi subfuscous, more 
or less yellowish beneath; antenne black, longer than the body, the 
first joint of the flagellum about two and one-half times as long as 
thick, shorter than the second or third, but stouter; the abdomen is 
smooth and shining, with the first and second ventral segments 
yellow; the plate of the first dorsal segment has the hind angles 
rounded; the second segment is a little shorter than the third and has 
two converging grooved lines from its basal middle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7280, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. —Gitu (N. Nawa). Two specimens, No, 59, 


No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. 193 


GLYPTAPANTELES (APANTELES) JAPONICUS, new species (Ashmead). 


- Female.—Length, 2.8 to3 mm. Black, shining; face, thorax, and 
hind coxe very finely punctulate; head above and posteriorly polished, 
‘impunctate; labrum and mandibles honey-yellow; palpi white; scape, 
pedicel, tegule and legs, except hind coxe which are black, brownish- 
yellow; flagellum black or brown-black. Wings hyaline, the stigma 
and subcostal vein brown, other veins pallid. Metathorax smooth 
without areas or carine. Abdomen beneath, except the large plow- 
share shaped ventral valve, and the lateral margins of dorsal segments 
1-5 brownish-yellow or ferruginous; the plate of first segment lance- 
olate, more than three times as long as wide, gradually narrows toward 
apex; second segment shorter than the third, with two oblique impressed 
lines; plate and all segments smooth, impunctate. 

Male.—Length, 2.2 to 2.5mm. Agrees well with female in colora- 
tional detail, but the antennz are much longer than the body, the 
abdomen is smaller and shorter, while the second abdominal segment 
is about twice as long as the third. 

Type.—Cat. No. 3457, U.S.N.M. Described from many specimens 
in National Museum, Acc. No. 23417, received July 30, 1890, from 
Rey. H. Loomis, of Yokohama, Japan, who bred them from the larva 
of Ocneria dispar, and from many additional specimens received by 
Dr. L. O. Howard from Prof. A. H. Kirkland, who also received 
them from Rey. H. Loomis. 

The species belongs in Marshall’s Section IV, of Apanteles, and 
comes very close to two European species—Apanteles vitripennis Cur- 
tis and A. fulvipes Haliday, from both of which it is readily distin- 
guished by the impunctate metanotum, the difference in the plate of 
the first abdominal segment, by having the first and second segments 
smooth, not aciculated, and by the venter being entirely brownish- 
yellow. 


GLYPTAPANTELES NAWAII, new species. 


Female. —Length,2mm. Black and shining, but with the head and 
thorax finely punctulate, the scutellum polished, impunctate, the meta- 
thorax finely rugulose, with a median carina. The antenne are about 
as long as the body and black; legs brownish-yellow, the hind coxe 
black, the front and middle cox usually with a slight fuscous spot at 
base only, the hind femora at extreme apex and the tips of their tibiz 
faintly fuscous. The abdomen is black and shining, except ventral 
segments 1 and 2 which are yellowish; the plate of the first dorsal seg- 
ment and the second segment are finely sculptured; the plate of the 
first is about two and one-half times as long as wide, a little wider at 
apex than at base; the second segment is shorter than the third with a 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06. 13 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XXX. 


median ridge, rest of the segments smooth, polished. Wings hyaline, 
the stigma and first branch of the radius brown-black, the other veins 
light brownish. 

Male.—Agrees with the female, except that the antenne are some- 
what longer, the front and middle coxe wholly yellow, while the second 
dorsal segment of the abdomen is much shorter, or only about half as 
long as the third. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7281, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gifu (N. Nawa). Three specimens labeled No. 54. 


Genus MICROPLITIS Forster. 


MICROPLITIS ATAMIENSIS, new species. 


Male.—Length,?2.5mm. Black, closely punctate and pubescent, the 
head above on the vertex smooth and shining, the occiput closely pune- 
tulate; ocelli pale yellowish; antenn, except the minute pedicel, entirely 
black; legs mostly brownish-yellow, but with all coxe, the first joint 
of all trochanters, a spot at base of front femora, the basal half of 
middle femora, the hind femora entirely, the apical third or more of 
hind tibie, and the hind tarsi black; basal two-thirds of wings sub- 
fuscous, the apical third and a fascia extending across from the para- 
stigma hyaline, the stigma and veins dark brown. Abdomen, except 
the first segment, which is rugose-punctate, smooth and shining. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7285, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). One specimen. 


MICROPLITIS SAPPOROENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 4mm. Black, closely punctate and pubescent, the 
head smooth and shining on vertex, rather densely clothed with a fine 
whitish pubescence in front; palpi pale; clypeus, mandibles, and legs, 
except the hind cox, a spot at apex of hind femora, and most of the 
hind tarsi brownish- yellow; the hind coxze, a spot at apex of hind tibie, 
and the hind tarsi, except base of the first joint, black; ventral seg- 
ments 1 and 2 and base of 3, yellow; the abdomen, except the first seg- 
ment, which is sparsely, finely punctate, is smooth, shining, and im- 
punctate. Wings hyaline, the parastigma, the stigma, except the basal 
half, and the internal veins brownish or fuscous; the basal half, 
or nearly, of the stigma and the longitudinal veins before the basal 
nervure yellowish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7285, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). One female specimen, 
labeled No. 39. 


i 


) 


|} 


No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEA Dz 195 


Subfamily XV. BRACONIN 2. 
Genus MELANOBRACON Ashmead. 


MELANOBRACON TIBIALIS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 7 to 7.5 mm.; ovipositor about two-thirds the 
length of the abdomen. Brownish-yellow, smooth, and shining; head 
quadrate, the eyes large, brown-black; the antenne, except the two 
basal joints, joints 2 to 5 of middle tarsi, and the hind tibie and tarsi, 
except a pale annulus at base of tibie, are black. Wings subhyaline, 
or slightly smoky, with the stigma and veins, except the submedian 
vein, entirely, and the costal and subcostal veins at base, which are 
yellow, are black. The abdomen has a longitudinal furrow each side 
of the first and second dorsal segments, and also on the second a tri- 
angular elevation from its base, while the suture between the second 
and third segments is rather deep. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7287, U.S.N.M. 

Locatity.—Giftu (Y. Nawa). Three specimens, labeled No. 49. 


Genus MACRODYCTIUM Ashmead. 


MACRODYCTIUM FLAVIPES, new species. 


Female.—Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor about as long as the abdomen. 
Polished black; the first two joints of the antennz, a small annulus at 
the base of the third joint, and the legs, except the last joint of the 
front and middle tarsi, the extreme apex of hind tibiw, and the hind 
tarsi, which are fuscous, are yellowish, or brownish-yellow; the second 
abdominal segment is longitudinally striate on each side of the tri- 
angular ridge or plate at base. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins 
brown, the tegule and the longitudinal veins basally pale yellowish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7288, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). One specimen, labeled 
No. 32. 


Genus CHELONOGASTRA ASHMEAD. 
CHELONOGASTRA KOEBELEI, new species. 
Plate XIV, fig. 3. 


Female.—Length 5.5 to 6 mm.; ovipositor from a half to two-thirds 
the length of the abdomen. Black, the head and thorax smooth and 
Shining, the abdomen opaque, concave beneath as in Chelonus Jurine, 
the first three segments coarsely regulose, the second and third closely 
united and occupying most of the surface of the abdomen, the fourth 
and fifth seements very short, shagreened. The head as viewed from 
above is obtrapezoidal, the face sparsely punctate, pubescent, the eyes 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


hairy. Wings fuliginous, the stigma and veins brown-black, the vena- 
tion as in Bracon Fabricius. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7287, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. —Atami (A. Koebele). Many specimens. 


CHELONOGASTRA PLEURALIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 3 to 3.5 mm.; ovipositor about the length of the 
abdomen. Brownish-yellow; the stemmaticum, the eyes, the occiput 
more or less, the crenulate furrow at base of scutellum, the sutures of 
same, sometimes the disks of the mesothoracic lobes but not always, 
the mesopleura, the metathorax, and usually the disks (and sometimes 
the greater part except laterally) of the first, second, and third abdomi- 
nal segments, and spots at the extreme lateral margins of the fourth 
and fifth segments black; the hind coxe, the femora, except at both 
ends, the tibie, except at base, and the tarsi, are black, or dark fuscous. 
Wings subfuscous, the veins brownish, the stigma somewhat pale 
within. Abdomen sculptured much as in previous species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7290, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). Many specimens. 


Genus MICROBRACON Ashmead. 


MICROBRACON JAPELLUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 2.5 mm.; ovipositor about as long as the abdo- 
men. Brownish-yellow, smooth and shining; eyes, the metathorax 
above, the first segment of abdomen, a median stripe on the second, 
and the disks of the fourth and fifth, more or less, black; antenne 
brown, the pedicel yellowish; legs wholly yellowish, immaculate. 
Wings hyaline, with a grayish tinge, the veins and stigma, except 
along the outer margin, yellowish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7291, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumura). One specimen, labeled 
No. 36. 


Genus EUUROBRACON Ashmead. 
EUUROBRACON PENETRATOR (Smith.) 
Plate XV, figs. 1, 2. 


Bracon penetrator Smiru, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1877, p. 413, female. 
Bracon yokohamx Dauua Torre, Cat. Hym., TV, 1898, p. 295. 
Euurobracon penetrator ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p. 140. 
Male.—Length 19 mm. Flavo-ferruginous, the head a little paler; 
legs yellow, the hind pair, except coxe and trochanters, black or black- 
ish; antenne black; wings yellowish hyaline, the apical margins 
broadly fuliginous, the front pair with a spot inclosing the basal 


NO. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. POG 


nervure, a spot at base of marginal cell, and a spot in the second dis- 
coidal cell black. 


Type.—Male. Cat. No. 7292, U.S:N.M. 
Locality.—Japan (Doctor Mitsukuri). 


Genus ZAGLYPTOGASTRA Ashmead. 


This genus was characterized briefly in my Classification of the 
Ichneumon Flies, 1900, page 137, where I placed it next to /phiaulaw 
Forster on account of similarity of the structure of the head, thorax, 
and abdomen, but it really belongs to my tribe Huwrobraconin?, as the 
submedian cell in the front wings is longer than the median: 


ZAGLYPTOGASTRA ABBOTTII, new species. 
Plate XV, fig. 4. 


Female.—Length about 18 mm.; ovipositor 17 mm. Uniformly 
brownish yellow, the eyes and the flagellum brown-black, the sheaths 
of the ovipositor black, the wings yellowish hyaline, with a black spot 
at the origin of the radius, and the tips of the hind wings dusky. The 
head and thorax are highly polished impunctate, the forehead concave, 
the scape fully thrice as long as thick, truncate at apex and slightly 
narrowed and rounded at base, originating from a distinct pedicellus, 
the tarsi longer than their tibiz, the abdomen strongly sculptured as 
in figure. 

Type.—Cat. No. 8299, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Trong, Lower Siam (Dr. W. L. Abbott). 


Family XVI. RHOGADIN 2. 
Tribe I. KXOTHECINI. 
Genus XENOBIUS Forster. 


XENOBIUS ALBIPES, new species. 


Female.—Length 2 mm.; ovipositor hardly one-third the length of 
the abdomen. Light brownish-yellow, smooth and shining, except on 
the metathorax, the eyes, the dorsum of the metathorax, and the 
extreme base of the first abdominal segment being black; the antenne 
are brownish, as long as the body, 22 or 23 jointed; palpi, tegule and 
legs ivory-white. Wings hyaline, the stigma and veins, except the 
median vein toward apex, and the basal nervure, pallid. 

Male.—Length 1.5mm. Agrees in every respect with the female, 
except the antenne are a little longer and darker, with more joints, 
the abdomen smaller, and with the second segment whitish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7293, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). 


es + 


im 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Tribe III. RHOGADINI. 
Genus HETEROGAMUS Weemael. 


HETEROGAMUS FASCIATIPENNIS, new species. 


Female.—Length 6 mm. Dark brown, rugoso-punctate, opaque, the 
thorax above, except the scutellum, blackish, the mesosternum, the third 
abdominal segment and segments beyond, less coarsely punctured, the 
first and second segments with a median longitudinal carina, subequal 
in length and much longer than the third; eyes black; palpi fuscous, 
the sutures of the jointsand the last joint paler; antenne and legs brown- 
ish-yellow, the last tarsal joint black. Wings fuscous with a whitish 
or hyaline band across from the stigma, the stigma, except at apex, 
pale yellowish, the other veins dark fuscous; second cubstal cell hardly 
longer than wide. The abdomen is considerably longer than the head 
and thorax united, gradually narrowed toward the base; the third 
segment, which is the widest and much wider than long, is almost 
twice as wide as the first segment at base, the first being more than 
twice as long as wide anda little longer than the second. The antenne 
are broken off from the third joint, but were probably long and slender. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7294, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Doctor Matsumara). One specimen, labeled 
No. 16. 


HETEROGAMUS THORACICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 5.5 mm. Head and abdomen, except the venter, 
black; the clypeus, malar space and the thorax, except a dark stripe 
on the middle of the pronotum in the depression extending from in 
front of the tegule anteriorly, and the apex of the metathorax above, 
which are dusky, are light brownish-yellow; palpi white; legs, except 
the last joint of the tarsi, pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, the stigma 
and submedian vein yellow, the other veins fuscous; second cubital 
cell only about one-third longer than wide at base. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7295, U.S.N.M. 

Locality. —Sapporo (Dr. 8. Matsumara). One specimen, labeled 
No. 25. 


Genus RHOGAS Nees. 


RHOGAS FUSCOMACULATUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 3.5 to4mm. Ground color brownish-yellow; a 
large spot on face below insertion of antennze, a ‘spot inclosing the 
ocelli, the lateral mesothoracic lobes anteriorly, the disk of the middle 
lobe posteriorly, the upper half of the mesopleura, the metathorax, 
and the abdomen above, except a spot at apex of first segment medially, 
a large band down the center of the second, and a spot at the basal 


No. 1448. NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD. tbh 


middle of the third, are fuscous; the antenne are brown, darker 
toward apex; the flagellar joints after the first about twice as long as 
thick, the first joint being nearly thrice as long as thick; legs, includ- 
ing coxe, uniformly brownish-yellow. Wings hyaline; the stigma, 
except at apex within, from the origin of the cubitus, and the veins, 
yellow, the basal nervure more or less dusky; the second cubital cell 
is nearly twice as long as wide at base, a little narrower at apex than 
at base, the second transverse cubitus being whitish and distinctly 
shorter than the first. 

Type.—Cat. No.-7296, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Sapporo (Dr. S$. Matsumara). One specimen, labeled 
No. 13. 


RHOGAS JAPONICUS, new species. 


Male and female.—Length 5.5 to 6 mm. Brownish-yellow; eyes, 
brown-black; a spot between ocelli; the disk of metathorax, the disk 
of first abdominal segment, more or less, and one or two spots toward 
apex of the abdomen, black; the antenne are very long, slender, 
becoming more or less fuscous toward apex, yellowish basally for 
more than half their length, the joints of the flagellum about three 
times as long as thick. Wings hyaline, the veins and stigma mostly 
yellow, the latter, however, with a large spot toward apex, and the 
basal nervure and the first abscissa of the radius, fuscous. The male is 
the smaller and differs from the female in having no fuscous spots at 
apex of abdomen, and in having the stigma of the front wings nearly 
wholly yellow; with only a trace of the fuscous spot at apex. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7297, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Gifu (Y. Nawa). Three specimens, labeled No. 51. 


eto e Ne (OOER Wie orrENI: 
Genus ISCHIOGONUS Wesmael. 


ISCHIOGONUS HAKONENSIS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 7 mm.; ovipositor about as long as the abdomen. 
Black and shining; the hind orbits, a spot before insertion of each 
antenna, the cheeks, the mandibles, except teeth, the last segment of 
abdomen, and the legs, except a black spot at apex of all femora, the 
middle and hind tibize toward apex, and the tarsi, which are fuscous, 
are brownish-yellow; the palpi and tegule are yellowish-white; the 
-antenne are brown-black, with the scape reddish-brown beneath, the 
small ring-joint yellowish. Wings subfuscous, the veins black or 
brown-black, the stigma brownish-yellow, paler at base. The thorax 
is distinctly trilobedy the middle lobe short with a median furrow, the 
depression on the middle lobe posteriorly and on the lateral lobes in 
front of the scutellum is rugulose, the prothorax at the sides has some 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, 


raised lines, the mesopleura polished with a median depression, while 
the metathorax is rugulose, with two large smooth areas at base. The 
abdomen has the first segment and the second to the first transverse 
impressed line, rather coarsely longitudinally striated, the rest of the 
abdomen being smooth. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7298, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Hakone (A. Koebele). One specimen. 


Subfamily XVIL. SPATHIIN 24%. 
Tribe II. HORMIINI. .- 
Genus CHREMYLUS Haliday. 


CHREMYLUS JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length 1 mm. Head black, shining, the thorax and last 
four joints of the antenne brown-black, opaque, the abdomen with a 
reddish tinge, the rest of the antenne and the legs pale yellowish. 
The metathorax is areolated, the upper hind angles briefly toothed, 
the areola lozengoidal, petiolate at base. Wings hyaline, the stigma 
and veins brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7299, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Atami (A. Koebele). One specimen. 


ACANTHORMIUS, new genus. 


This interesting new genus may be inserted in my table of genera, 
Classification of the Ichneumen Flies, 1900, page 148, as follows: 
4. Subdiscoidal nervure interstitial. 
Recurrent neryure received by the second cubital cell. 
Abdomen normal, with at least 6 segments, not longitudinally striated. 
Hormius Nees. 
Abdomen abnormal, with only 3 segments, all longitudinally striated, the 
third with the hind angles produced into long, acute spines, nearly the 
length of the ovipositor (female) ..........----2 Acanthormius, new genus. 


ACANTHORMIUS JAPONICUS, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.8 mm.; ovipositor about one-third the length 
of the abdomen. Head and thorax pale brownish, the abdomen dark 
brown above, longitudinally striated, beneath pale yellowish; head 
smooth and shining, brownish yellow; palpi, tegule, coxze, and tro- 
chanters whitish or yellowish white; rest of legs pale yellowish; meta- 
thorax areolated. 

Type.—Cat. No. 7300, U.S.N.M. 

Locality.—Hakone, (A. Koebele). One specimen. 


i gle Mewigh SN uN ciel tee aes MARS mas 
-— i ee é 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE XIL. 


. Matsumuraius grandis Ashmead, male. 
. Rhexidermus japonicus Ashmead, female. 
. Proterocryptus nawati Ashmead, female. 


Prate XIII. 


. Hemiephialtes glyptus Ashmead, female. 

. Apechthis orbitalis Ashmead, female. 

. Nesopimpla naranye Ashmead, female. 
PyatTE XIV. 


. Calliclisis incerta Ashmead, male. 
. Nawaia japonica Ashmead, female. 
. Chelonogastra koebelei Ashmead, female. 


PLATE XY. 


. Euurobracon penetrator (Smith), female. 
. Euurobracon penetrator (Smith), male. 

. Aclitus nawaii Ashmead, female. 

. Zaglyptogastra abbottii Ashmead, female. 


NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA—ASHMEAD,. 


201 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XII 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


7 
i. 
Y 


Sf 
SS— 
jaa 
: 


Li 


NAA 
WF 
\ NA 
\ 
Co Ee S| 
ces 


B 
N 


\ 


; 


New JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 201. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XIII 


NEW JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 201. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XIV 


NEw JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 201. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XV 


New JAPANESE HYMENOPTERA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 201. 


THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA, A CREODONT MAMMAL OF 
THE MIDDLE EOCENE. 


By Witu1am DILLER MatTruew, 
Of the American Museum of Natural History. 


[INTE R© DU CilO nN: 


During the summer of 1902 the writer, assisted by Mr. Walter 
Granger, spent some weeks in the Bridger basin in southwestern 
Wyoming, with the object of determining faunal levels in the Bridger 
formation. This work was undertaken under the auspices of the U.S. 
Geological Survey and under direction of Prof. H. F. Osborn, palae- 
ontologist of the Survey. Although collecting was not the principal 
object of the expedition, a number of fossils were secured, among which 
the most important was the finely preserved and nearly complete skele- 
ton of Sinopa, found by Mr. Granger. The specimen was extracted 
from the matrix by Mr. Charles Christman and very skillfully pre- 
pared for mounting by Mr. Albert Thomson, both of the American 
Museum of Natural History. I owe the privilege of describing this 
rare specimen, which is one of the most perfect fossil skeletons ever 
discovered in an Kocene formation, to the courtesy of Dr. G. P. 
Merrill, Head Curator of Geology of the National Museum, and of my 
honored teacher and friend, Professor Osborn. 

The genus Stnopa was the first carnivore to be described from the 
Kocene of this continent. It is the most abundant and characteristic 
creodont in the Bridger formation and is represented by a number of 
well-detined species in the Lower and Middle Eocene of North America. 
It has also been found in the Egerkingen beds of Switzerland, probably 
Middle Eocene, along with the related genus Proviverra. It is not 
known to occur in any Upper Eocene beds either in Europe or America, 
but in the Phosphorites of France, of approximately Lower Oligocene 
age, the closely allied genus Cynohyenodon is quite common. 


a = — — 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1449. 


203 


204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


i 


LIST OF SPECIES OF SINOPA AND ALLIED GENERZ 


[The names and dates are those of the original description. Indeterminate species are placed in | 
brackets. ] | 


1862. Proviverra typica Ritimeyer. Egerkingen beds, Switzerland. 
June 21, 1871. [Triacodon fallax Marsh.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
July 11, 1871. Sinopa rapax Leidy. Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
July 29, 1872. [Triacodon aculeatus Cope.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
Aug. 3, 1872. Stypolophus pungens Cope. Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
Aug. 7, 1872. Limnocyon agilis Marsh. Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
Aug. 7, 1872. Stypolophus brevicalcaratus Cope. Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
Aug. 7, 1872. [Stypolophus insectiworus Cope.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
Aug. 7, 1872. [Triacodon grandis Marsh.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
Aug. 7, 1872. [Triacodon nanus Marsh.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
1873. Cynohyxnodon cayluxi Filhol. Phosphorites, France. 
1873. Cynohyenodon minor Filhol. Phosphorites, France. 
1874. Prototomus viverrinus Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 
1875. Prototomus secundarius Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 
1875. Prototomus multicuspis Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 
1875. Prototomus strenwus Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 
1877. Stypolophus hians Cope. Wasatch formation, New Mexico. 
1882. Stypolophus whitize Cope. Wind River formation, Wyoming. 
1892. [ Proviverra americana Scott.] Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
1901. Sinopa opisthotoma Matthew. Wasatch formation, Wyoming. 
1902. Sinopa major Wortman. Bridger formation, Wyoming. 
1902. Sinopa minor Wortman. Bridger formation; Wyoming. 
Sinopa grangeri infra. Bridger formation, Wyoming. 


HISTORY AND NOMENCLATURE. 


Proviverra Riitimeyer, type P. typica, was the first genus described. 
It was based upon the anterior part of a skull in fairly good preserya- 
tion. The additional material referred to this genus is very incom- | 
plete and its identification doubtful. | 

Sinopa Leidy, type S. rapax, was based upon an incomplete lower 
jaw. ‘The first mention of the genus includes about a half a page of — 
description and the type was figured two years later. This specimen 
has since been mislaid, but Leidy’s excellent figures enable us to 
identify more complete specimens in the American Museum collee- 
tions and differentiate the genus from Proviverra. The skeleton 
described in this article represents a new species of Sénopa. SS. opis- | 
thotoma Matthew also belongs here but is subgenerically distinct. | 

Triacodon Marsh, type 7. fallax, described shortly before Sznopa, | 
was founded upon the trigonid of a lower molar which may belong to) 
Sinopa, Vintacyon, Limnocyon, or some other creodont or carnivore. | 
It is quite indeterminate. Three other species have been referred to, 
the same genus and are equally indeterminate. | 

Stypolophus Cope, type S. pungens, was based upon a part of the | 
lower jaw of a species closely allied to Sinepa rapax, of which the 
genus is & synonym. | 

Prototomus Cope, type P. viverrinus, was based wpon a palate and 


THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 


205 


Eo a : : 
fragments of the skeleton in bad preservation and was subsequently 
_ yeferred by its describer to Stypolophus (= Sinopa). 

— Oynohyenodon Filhol is nearly allied to Sinopa and Proviverra, 


‘but may be held as generically distinct from either. 


The type is a 


finely preserved skull, and other excellent material illustrates the genus. 
The definitions will be as follows: 


Family Hyzenodontide. 


Il. M 2 transverse. 


Carnassial teeth, M 2. 
I. M “ absent, protocones and metaconids absent 


Hyzxnodon 


A. Cusps massive, protocones and metaconids reduced, carnassials large, anterior 


molars small, transverse molar small 


Pterodon 


B. Cusps sharp, protocones and metaconids well developed, transverse molar 


larger. 


Molars of more equal size, with broad external cingula. 


1. Paracone and metacone connate on M 1-2, metacone vestigial on M *. 


a. No metaconid on P 4 
b. Metaconid on P + well developed; premolars long 


Proviverra 


Tritemnodon, new genus. 


c. Metaconid on P + well developed; premolars high ....Cynohyenodon 


2. Paracone and metacone well separated on M 1-2, metacone well de- 
EMC ONmEN hos ete a LoD MER nak Poe an Chae weet He wise es we me Sinopa 


These genera show the different stages in the development of the 
highly specialized flesh-cutting teeth of /Zyenodon from the compara- 


tively primitive opossum-like teeth of S’nopa. 


to cusp development, they stand thus: 


Proviverra 


Pas ‘ 
ae 


LFLyex 


20don 


Pterodon 


Bese 


Triten 


mnodon 


Sinopa 


(cf.) Deltatherium 


Arranged according 


Cynohyenodon 


This is in partial but not complete correspondence with their known 
geological occurrence, as follows: 


} 
| 


Eocene. Oligocene, 

Name. = SSS oS | a 
Basal. | Lower. | Middle. | Upper. | Lower. | Middle. 

| 
Mot oe ce ot ao oe arse os eee ek ee lb ewae bake lecrerwecgese x x 

Fe csc SESS a a ple crn (eg nD (ioe hoee on x x laStpaeknae 
REET Cie ee een ie | eee eect oak ot Sores Sincere Sake SKN Miler sete ece 
BEM NOGON....-----s-2---- 55 sc EE ES he Re Eee Siu || SS BS ll ae i ee rae 
(Edi Re i a oll Pee ee ray (Ne ae ee eh dA) 8 Boge Ee De ee 
Cente, hee pags ORs I Ue oe (SES eae oe Weg |e CoN ge CTA) ees ae vais «Toe ER 
LV RAITT ae eC ea ee Rae See eee 2. cep er ce |S ce ene colina seen leS Sos ate 


| 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXX. 


The genus S/nopa has been held to include Stypolophus and Proto- 
tomus of Cope, and until lately Zimnocyon Marsh.¢ Wortman in 1902 
showed that the type species of Limnocyon belongs to a distinct group 
of the Creodonta, but referred LZ. agil/s Marsh to Sinopa and described 
the skull and parts of the skeleton from two finely preserved specimens. 
The more complete material of S. vapax in the American Museum 
collections, and the complete skeleton here described, show such con- 
siderable differences from S. ag7/is that it seems necessary to separate 
them generically, splitting up the genus Sznopa into two closely allied 
genera, each represented by a number of species in both Middle and 
Lower Eocene. The generic distinctions are clear enough in the Middle 
Eocene, but in the Lower Eocene the species are not clearly separable, 
and most of them show various combinations of the characters of the 
two groups. S/nopa rapax Leidy is the type of the first, and 77ritem- 
nodon (Limnocyon) agilis Marsh will stand as type of the second group. 
See figs. 1 and 2. 


DESCRIPTION OF THE SKELETON: 


The entire skeleton is preserved except one fore and one hind foot, 
and the distal half of the tail, of which only a few fragments remain. 
Most of it is in remarkably fine preservation. As found in the rock, 
the greater part of the vertebral column, pelvis, and most of the limbs 
were articulated together; the skull and jaws and some limb or foot 
bones were scattered; and several anterior dorsals and cervicals and 
most of the ribs were scattered and more or less broken up and dam- 
aged. The bones were very little crushed, and the articulations of 
the vertebre so perfect that the sequence of those found out of place 
could be accurately determined. 

The skeleton compares for size and proportions with the civet. The 
skull is elongate and rather large. The limbs are small and moderately 
slender, the neck of moderate length, the trunk long and slim, the tail 
extremely long and powerful. The vertebral formula is C 7, D 13, 
L7,83,C?%29. The fore and hind feet are five-toed, the digits rather 
slender, not spreading, except the first, which is somewhat divergent 
but not reduced in length. The scaphoid lunar and centrale are 
separate. 


DENTITION, DEFINITION, AND SPECIFIC DISTINCTIONS. 
SINOPA GRANGER], new species. 


Somewhat larger and more robust than S. rapaa, with more massive 
teeth and a diastema behind Py. Skull about equal in size to Z7ritem- 
nodon agilis, but shorter, considerably deeper in the facial region, with 
higher sagittal crest and deeper jaw. Premolars less compressed, 


«Cope, Scott 1892, Matthew 1901. 


i 


. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA-—MATTHEW. 207 


Sf) aren coeeoereen 


~. 


aes, 
2 


N 


ae 
“t 
NY 

ea 

° 
77 


\\\\\ 
REN ar 
\\ ce 
WN yi i 
H ¥ 4 : J 
pre m2 mit Pp P 


Fic. 1.—UPPER TEETH OF SPECIES OF SINOPA AND TRITEMNODON, NAT. SIZE, CROWN VIEWS. FROM 
THE SAME INDIVIDUALS AS THE LOWER TEETH SHOW IN FIG. 2. 


a, Sinopa rapax Leidy, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11535. b, Sinopa grangeri, new species. Type. Cat. 
No. 5341, U.S.N.M. Coll. c¢, Stnopa major Wortman, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11588. d, Sinopa minor 
Wortman, Am. Mus, Coll., No. 11532. e, Tritemnodon agilis Marsh, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11548. jf, Tri- 


femnodon whitiz Cope, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 4781. 


i. - 


208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


paracones and metacones of upper molars well separated, heels of 
lower molars much larger than in 7: agilis, metacone on M? well 
developed. Skeleton smaller with shorter limb-bones. 

Teeth. (fig. 1b, 2c) Dentition $+-43. Incisors small, transverse, 
canines slender and of moderate size. Premolars trenchant, moder- 
ately compressed, P* two-rooted, but of subtriangular outline with 
rudimentary internal cusps. P# three-rooted with large lunate internal 
cusp, small antero-external and larger postero-external basal cusps 
and massive conical protocone. Molars functionally resembling those 
of the opossum, but only three in number, with principal oblique and 
subordinate transverse shears, the upper ones of triangular outline, 
paracone and metacone of equal size and well separated, large lunate 
antero-internal protocone, and broad external cingular shelf. 1:2 
sub-equal, with small paraconule and metaconule, parastyle small, meta- 
style extended into a strong shearing blade. M2 smaller, transverse, 
metacone well developed but smaller than paracone, no metastyle, para- 
style extended into a short shearing blade, no metaconules. Lower 
molars of nearly equal size, but M; smaller than the others, the trigo- — 
nids high, of triangular form, paraconid and metaconid well developed, — 
sub-equal, protoconid overtopping both. Heels basin-shaped, as large | 
as the trigonids, except on Mg. 

In S. vapax (tig. la, 2a) the internal cusps of P* to M* are more 
compressed and less broadly lunate, the principal cusp of P* is less © 
massive, the heels of the lower molars are smaller, and there is no | 
diastema behind Ps. In 7° agilis (fig. le, 27) the internal cusps of | 
the upper teeth are smaller and much more compressed, P* is com- 
pressed and trenchant, the paracone and metacone are closely connate 
and of unequal size, metacone absent on M4, heels of lower molars — 
much smaller, metaconids greatly reduced, ete. In Z. whitix (fig. — 
17, 2g) the inner cusps of the molars are extended inward, the nteta- © 
conids well developed, but otherwise it is much as in 7. agilis, 
The Lower Eocene species exhibit a further approach toward the true © 
Sinopa in one or another feature, but all are nearer to S. rapax than 
to the species here described. SS. major of the Bridger (fig. Le, 2d) 
is larger and more massive than S. granger?, with lower crowned teeth, — 
broad heels to the lower molars, ete. . 


SKULL, DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS. 


The skull is elongate in both facial and cranial regions, with narrow 
muzzle, small brain case, moderately high sagittal and occipital crests, 
short and rather slender arches, strong postorbital constriction. The 


premaxillz are deeply excavated for the reception of the lower canines, — 
the borders of the excavation very strongly marked; their ascending 
processes are very slender and extend backward only to a point above © 
Pt, The nasals are slightly expanded in front, and somewhat more — 


? 


NO. 1449, THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 209 


ASIN SUN : ce 
‘Ca WY My, ( TBI y_ Po ~— : 
: ‘ eo Se 
. a 
i 1 : i we 
y mi? mit pr ys Yo eo 


Fic. 2.—LOWER TEETH OF SPECIES OF SINOPA, TRITEMNODON, 


AND CYNOHYXNODON. NAT. SIZE, 
CROWN VIEWS. 


a, Sinopa rapax Leidy, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11535. b, Sinopa pungens Cope. Type. Am. Mus. Coll., 
No. 5015. ¢, Sinopa grangeri, new species. Type. Cat. No. 5341 U.S.N.M. Coll. d, Sinopa major Wort- 
man, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11538. €, Sinopa minor Wortman, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11532. f, Tritemnodon 
agilis Marsh, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 11543. g, Tritemnodon whitix Cope, Am. Mus. Coll., No. 4781. h, Cyno- 
hyxnodon cayluxi Filhol, Am. Mus. Coll., No, 11055. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——14 


210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


expanded posteriorly, but to nothing like the extent seen in the 
Mesonychide or Marsupialia. The /achrymals have a broad semi- 
circular expansion upon the face, but the foramen is completely within 
the orbit. This condition appears to be generally characteristic of the 
Creodonta. In true Carnivora the lachrymal has a very slight expanse 
on the face, the maxillary coming nearly or quite to the margin of the 
orbit. In the carnivorous marsupials there is some expansion of the 
lachrymal upon the face, but in this group, as in the Insectivora, the 
lachrymal foramen is more or less external to the orbit. A much 
closer approach is seen among the Ungulata, where the lachrymal has 
a very large facial expansion, the foramen entirely intra-orbital, and 
the tubercle on the margin of the orbit. The form and extent of the 
facial part of the lachrymal approaches that in Sznopa most nearly 
in the primitive types—Oreodon, Dacrytherium, Agriocherus, Hyra- 
chyus, etc. In the more elongate skulls of later Ungulates it becomes 
much more expanded. 

The facial expansion of the lachrymal appears to be correlated with 
the position of the orbits, which in Sznopa, as generally among the 
Creodonta, are farther back than in modern Carnivora. In Sinopa 
they lie above M1; in Canis they are above P4-M®; in Viwerra above 

3—M_2; in the opossum above M2+. In Ungulata they are above or 
behind the molars, and the extension of the lachrymal on the face 
varies in accordance. 

The frontals are short, extending back on the top of the skull only 
to the posterior part of the temporal crests and forming no portion of 
the sagittal crest. At the sides they extend but slightiy farther back, 
to the postorbital constriction, which is immediately behind the ante- 
rior end of the sagittal crest. They are broad anteriorly and inflated 
above the orbits, leaving a marked depression along the median line, 
deepest in front of the sagittal crest and shallowing out as it approaches 
the posterior margin of the nasals. 

The parietals are remarkably long, extending well down on the sides 
of the skull and including the whole of the sagittal crest. 

The premaxillaries are large, with wide ascending portions and 
moderately large infraorbital foramen situate above P2; the muzzle in 
front of this is compressed and deep; behind this point the skull expands 
rapidly as in Daphenus and the Canide generally. 

The jugal is of moderate size and rather long; its anterior branch 
extends under the orbit and has a considerable contact on the face 
with the lachrymal, thus excluding the maxilla from any near approach 
to the orbit; the inferior branch is short, the posterior branch extends 
backward beneath the zygomatic process of the squamosal nearly to 
the glenoid fossa, ending in a slender splint, as among the Carnivora 
generally. In the opossum its posterior end is thickened and forms a 
considerable part of the anterior side of the glenoid fossa, while a 


: 


No. 1449, THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 211 


short process also extends backward above the zygomatic process of 
the squamosal. 

The brain case is larger than in the opossum, but as in that animal 
the cerebral lobes were entirely contained within the parietals above, 
the frontals surrounding the olfactory lobes only. The elongate 


a) 
f 


| 


FIG, 3.—SINOPA GRANGERI, SIDE VIEW OF SKULL AND JAWS, NAT. SIZE. 


cranial portion of the skull causes the arrangement of the cerebellar 
lobes to be entirely different from that of the opossum or of the 
insectivora, corresponding more with that in the Oligocene Carnivora. 
The cerebral lobes, however, are much smaller than in any of these. 
The basicranial region is long, a feature eminently characteristic of 


i : 


212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the Carnivora, and distinguishing them sharply from either marsupials 
or insectivores. In practically all modern carnivora the arrangement 
of the basicranial bones and foramina is obscured or modified by the 


— Wee 


SSS 


S 


CW 
ETAL; p AND pi, PREMAXILLARIES, AND sq, SQUAMOSAL BONES OF THE SKULL. 


(Me 
Mi 


\ , i i 4 
\ Wy WY 
\ h 


Fig. 4.—SINOPA GRANGERI, TOP VIEW OF SKULL, NAT. SIZE. 7, FRONTAL; ju, JUGAL; lac, LACHRYMAL; mada, MAXILLA; 0CC, OCCIPITAL; pa, PARI- 


development of tympanic bulle. In S/nopa the bulle are absent, giv- 
ing a singularly primitive appearance to this part; they were either 
not ossified at all or were loosely attached to theskull. The bulle are 
not developed in marsupials nor in most Insectivora, but in both these 


' 


gf 


No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 2138 


groups are frequently present false bullee formed by processes of the 
alisphenoid, partially replacing the true tympanic bulle. No sign of 


FIG. 5.—SINOPA GRANGERI, INFERIOR VIEW OF SKULL, NAT. SIZE. @.c., ALISPHENOID CANAL; a. ¢.f., 


SUPPOSED ANTERIOR CONDYLOID FORAMEN; G8, ALISPHENOID (THE DOTTED LINE IS NOT CARRIED 
FAR ENOUGH); bo, BASIOCCIPITAL; bs., BASISPHENOID; C, CANINE; ¢. f., CONDYLOID FORAMEN; /. l. jie 
FORAMEN LACERUM POSTERIUS, f. 0., FORAMEN OVALE; 7 1, 2, 3, INCISORS; 7. 0. f., INFRA-ORBITAL 
FORAMEN; ju, JUGAL; m 1, 2, 3, TRUE MOLARS: mp, MASTOID PROCESS OF THE PERIOTIC; ma, MAXILLA: 
08, ORBITOSPHENOID, p 1, 2, 3, 4, PREMOLARS; pal, PALATINE; par.p., PAROCCIPITAL PROCESS OF THE 
EXOCCIPITAL BONE; pel, PETROSAL PROMINENCE OF THE PERIOTIC BONE; p. g. f., POSTGLENOID 
FORAMEN; pmax, PREMAXILLA; sq, SQUAMOSAL. 


these processes is seen in Sinopa, and there is little or nothing in this 


important region of the skull to indicate either marsupial or insec- 


214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, 


tivore affinities. On the other hand, if we compare it with the Oligo- 
cene dog Daphenus, in which only the smaller or true tympanic 
chamber of the skull was ossified, and this so loosely attached to the 
skull that it is rarely preserved, we find a very close correspondence 
indicative of real relationship, while the numerous and important 
points of difference from Insectivora and especially from marsupials 
indicate a remote origin of the divergence from these groups. 

The basioccipital is long and broad. The broad flattened paroccipital 
processes arise considerably in advance of the condyles and project 
backward to a short point. In Daphaenus the basioccipital is even 
longer; the paroccipitals have the same position and form, but curve 
downward at the tips. In Didelphys they arise almost opposite the 
condyles and project straight downward. In Cynodictis they project 
backward and are otherwise similar. In modern carnivora the tips 
usually extend farther downward and are soldered to the bulla. In 
Erinaceus and Centetes they have the more posterior position and 
project downward in the former, outward and backward in the latter. 
The condyloid foramen is situate considerably in advance of the con- 
dyles, as in carnivora generally. In marsupials and Insectivora it is 
close under the projecting border of the condyle, and in the former 
has an accessory foramen, also entering backward, close in front of it. 
In front of the condyloid foramen in S/nopa is a well-marked foramen 
entering forward, which Wortman homologizes with the accessory 
condyloid foramen of marsupials in spite of its opposite direction and 
quite different position in the bone. It appears to me much more 
probable that this foramen transmits one of the nerves or arteries 
which in later Carnivora pass through the jugular foramen (or. /ae. 
post.), with which it corresponds in direction and from which it is not 
far remoyed. Indeed, in Daphenus, the condyloid foramen is a little 
farther forward and on the posterior border of the posterior lacerate 
foramen is a notch entirely corresponding to the remains of this acces- 
sory foramen, if, as I suppose, it has become fused with the lacerate. 
A similar notch is seen in /Zyaenodon, where the backward displace- 
ment of the glenoid fosse has crowded the parts behind them toward 
the condyle. The basisphenoid is not pierced by the carotid canal —an 
important distinction, as Wortman observes, from the marsupials; 
and he believes from indications seen on his specimen, but which I am 
unable to corroborate from this one, that its course was similar to that 
in true Carnivora, entering finally at the median lacerate foramen. 
The petrosal prominence is pear-shaped, the small end antero-internal; 
near the posterior end is the fenestra rotunda, exterior and a little in 
front of it the fenestra ovalis, and on the antero-exterior slope of the 
prominence a smaller foramen which I do not recognize. Outside of 
the petrosal prominence is a long, deep fossa bounded anteriorly by 
the alisphenoid, externally by the glenoid portion of the squamosal, 


H 


_ NO. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 915 


posteriorly by the mastoid portion of the periotic. At the bottom of 
this fossa lie the stylomastoid foramen and another foramen or deep 
fossa which I do not recognize. Behind the prominence lies the large 
oval posterior lacerate (jugular) forainen. The mastoid processes are 
of moderate size, short and stout, and extend, wing-like, outward and 
partly downward; posteriorly they are confluent with the bases of the 
paroccipitals. The postglenoid processes resemble the corresponding 
parts in Daphanus; the postglenoid foramen is of moderate size. 
The foramen ovale is rather large and is situate opposite the glenoid 
fossa, as in Carnivora; in Insectivora, and especially in marsupials, it is 
considerably in advance of it. The alisphenoid extends some distance 
behind the foramen ovale, wedged in between the basisphenoid and 
the glenoid portion of the squamosal, but it has no dependent process 
such as is seen in marsupials, and is especially developed in certain 
Insectivora. The posterior nares are not roofed over behind the 
molars, but the nareal canal is deep and broad, the pterygoid portions 
of the palatine and alisphenoid forming large dependent plates, as in 
Carnivora. The pterygoids proper are not preserved on this speci- 
men. The pterygoid plates of the alisphenoid are variably developed 
in Insectivora, very slightly so in marsupials. 

The palate is completely ossified. A number of minute (/ nutritive) 
foramina on its surface are thought by Wortman to be an approach to 
the incompletely ossified palate of certain modern marsupials and 
some insectivores, but of this there seems to be no sufficient evidence. 
The posterior border of the palate is somewhat thickened, as in 
Centetes and Myogale, but has little resemblance to the posterior 
expansion and strong transverse crest seen in Hrinaceus and Didelphys. 

The occiput presents a very different appearance from that of the 
modern Canide and differs in much more essential respects from that 
of marsupials or Insectivora. The principal differences from the 
modern carnivore skull are apparently dependent upon the small 
development of the brain. The Oligocene Carnivora, and especially 
Daphenus, approach it much more closely. The early Ungulata also 
exhibit a considerable resemblance, but from Insectivora and mar- 
supials it is separated by more radical features. 

The exposure of the mastoid on the side of the skull is very small, 
scarcely extending above the mastoid process. The occipital surface 
is much contracted above the condyles, and above that flares out into 
a broad plate formed by the expanded occipital crests. These are 
continued downward and forward in strong lambdoid crests to the 
mastoid processes. Between the lambdoid crest and the condyle is a 
deep fossa bounded below by a strong crest connecting the outer ends 
of the condyle with the base of the paroccipital process. In Daph- 
enus this deep fos8a is largely filled up, presumably by expansion of 
the cerebellum from within; in Can7s there is nothing left of it. In 


| ee 


216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXX. 


Canis and other Carnivora there is a considerable lateral exposure of 
the mastoid; in Canis it faces partly backward. In the marsupials 
and in some Irsectivora the exposure is entirely posterior, the 
squamosal (lambdoidal) crests continuing the occipital crest downward 
on each side and the mastoid exposure lying within them. 

The lower jaw is unusually deep, with long loose symphysis extend- 
ing back to a point beneath the anterior border of the third premolar. 
In the posterior portion it is quite like the long-jawed Carnivora in 
form, presenting none of the peculiarities of angle and coronoid seen 
in Insectivora, Chiroptera, and Marsupialia. The anterior and poste- 
rior mental foramina have the normal carnivore position, the former 
beneath the diastema between P; and P3, the latter beneath Pz. In 
certain Insectivora the posterior mental foramen is beneath M;. This 
unusual character appears to be of importance in indicating rela- 
tionship. 

Comparisons with Iyenodon.—The dentition of HTyzenodon is very 


pretocone hypocone 


“WD 


protocone 


AA! metasty/e ; ; ) 7 as : p 

metaco | \ 
\ paracone pa me At atts j AP 
iraslyle : i a 
paracone + metacone _metastyle 


deuterocone 


ardstyle | 
. meétastyle babies oF ; metastyle 
~~ protocone protocone 


Aarastyle 


Fic. 6.—EVOLUTION OF THE UPPER CARNASSIAL IN CREODONTA AND CARNIVORA. SERIES A, Hy-£NO- 
DONTIDE (SECOND MOLAR, RIGHT SIDE); Al, DELTATHERIUM; A®?, SINOPA; A®, TRITEMNODON; A4, 
PTERODON; A°, HY ZENODON, SERIES B, CANIDE (FOURTH PREMOI AR, RIGHT SIDE); B!, PALAONICTIS; 
b?, Dipymictis; B*, DAPpHaNUsS; Bt, CANIS. THE CARNASSIAL OF FELIS, NOT INCLUDED IN THIS 
SERIES, IS MUCH MORE LIKE THE HY#NODON CARNASSIAL, 


{Published in advance, by courtesy of Prof. H. F. Osborn, from his fortheoming memoir upon 
Trituberculy, ] 


clearly derivable from that of S/nopa, through Pterodon and Tritem- 
nodon, as Scott and Wortman have pointed out in various publications. 
The accompanying figures, drawn from models made by the writer, 
illustrate these stages in the evolution of the specialized carnassial of 
Hyxnodon. The changes correspond in upper and lower teeth, and 
are exactly analogous to the development of the carnassial in the true 
Carnivora. In the upper teeth the two series begin in teeth of widely 
different form and end in very similar teeth, furnishing one of the 
most striking examples known of true convergent adaptation, in that 
it results in the production of similar form from originaily dissimilar 


, - 


No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. OUT. 


types, as distinguished from the far more common instances of parallel 
adaptation. 
As has already been intimated, the geological occurrence of the 


known species forbids their being considered as in direct genetic 


sequence; but the genera may be properly so regarded (except De/ta- 
therium), and the features of skull and skeleton entirely accord with 
the teeth in indicating a direct genetic sequence of the genera. 

The species of //yzenodon differ very considerably in certain adapt- 
ive features of the base of the skull, dependent upon the pushing 
backward of the glenoid articulation to a position almost opposite the 
occipital condyles. In all of them, and in Péerodon as well, the basi- 
occipital is somewhat shorter than in S/nopa and the petrosal promi- 
nence of irregularly rounded form, situate at the bottom of a deep pit. 
The posterior nares are roofed over to a varying extent by union of 
the pterygoid plates of the palatines and alisphenoids. The tympanic 


bulla is ossified to a varying degree. The fossa between the condyles 


and lambdoidal crests is filled up as in Daphenus. The limbs show a 
more or less cursorial adaptation. These features are developed to 
the greatest extent in the large American species //. horridus, the 
European //. brachyrhynchus is the most primitive (except that the 
bulla is completely ossified according to Filhol’s statement). A skel- 


-eton from Colorado referred to /7. cruwentus shows a mere ring of ossi- 


fication of the tympanic, while in other species the bulla was complete 
but small (according to Scott). //. paucidens is the most primitive of 
the American species. 

Pterodon is much like //yenodon in the features of the base of the 
skull, but has the united mastoid and paroccipital processes extended 
into broad wing-like ‘*jugular apophyses” (Filhol), while in /Zyeno- 


‘don they are less developed than in S/nopa. The fossa behind the 


lambdoids is deep, the post-nareal gutter narrowed anteriorly but not 
~oofed over, and in other respects the skull is very primitive, but 
resembles the primitive species of //yenodon and differs from S/nopa 
in the details of form of the bones and processes. 

Tritemnodon is very close to Sinopa in all the details of skull and 
‘skeleton structure, as may be seen by comparison of the figures and 
‘description of 7. agilis given by Wortman. 

Cynohyxnodon is near to Sinopa and Tritemnodon, but has a shorter 
basicranial region and larger brain case. It appears from Filhol’s 


figures of C. caylwxi to show various other distinctions from these 


‘genera in the form of the otic region and arrangement of the foramina, 
as well as in the shorter, higher crowns of the premolars, all placing tt 
more directly in the ancestral line of //yxnodon and Pterodon. 


7 | 


218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


VERTEBRAL COLUMN, DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS. 


Cervical vertebre.—The atlas is short with wide transverse processes, 
which are well expanded anteriorly, 
but not extended posteriorly as 
much as in most modern carniyora. 
The posterior opening of the ver- 
tebrarterial canal faces backward 
on the posterior margin of the 
Fig. 7.—SINOPA GRANGERI, ATLAS VIEWED FROM tranverse process, as in all carniy- 
ee aes sf, PORAMEN FOR EXITOF ora except the Miocene and later 

dogs. The remaining features are 

those usually found in Carnivora. It nearly resembles HHyxnodon in 
proportions and form; in the cat the trans- 
verse processes have the same shape and 
position, but the body is a little longer; in 
Canis and Daphenus the transverse proc- 
esses extend more posteriorly; in Véverra 
the body is considerably longer, the trans- 
verse processes more posterior and _ less 
expanded. In the opossum and hedgehog 
the form of the processes is different and 


the vertebral artery does not perforate the Fig. 8.—SrNoPA GRANGERI, AXIS VER- 
bone. P TEBRA, SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. 04, 


re eve : ZA s . ODONTOID PROCESS; pzd, POSTERIOR 
The axis is long, with high neuralspine of — zycaropnysis; s, NEURAL SPINE; 


the characteristic carnivore form, expanded = _ TRANSVERSE PROUNSS: a. fos 

: . 2 - VERTEBRARTERIAL FORAMEN. 

into a broad plate extending forward as far 

as the tip of the odontoid and ending posteriorly in a stout backwardly 
directed spine. It is longer than in TTyxnodon — 
but somewhat shorter than in Daphanus, and 
shows no important distinctions from either. 

The remaining cervicals, except the seventh, 
have short spines, transverse processes with the — 
inferior lamin expanded into broad plates, and 
superior lamin absent on the anterior ones, but 
moderately developed on the sixth. In the Car- 
nivora the superior lamine are generally dis- 
Fig. 9—Stwora cranexrr, tinct upon the third to sixth vertebra, succes: 

SIXTH CERVICAL VERTEBRA, sively increasing in size. In the opossum the 

NAT, SIZE, SIDE VIEW. (d2zd., x ei é “ys | 

ANTERIOR zYGapopuysis, arrangement is more as In Smopa, except that | 

il, INFERIOR LAMELLA OF the jnferior laminw are less expanded. In 

THE TRANSVERSE PROCESS; . 

p-a, postertorzycaroruy. Daphenus the upper lamine are developed upon 

sis; s, NEURAL SPINE, AND the fourth, fifth, and sixth; in Can/s upon fifth 

sl., SUPERIOR LAMELLA. F 3 eats tT . 

and sixth; in Felidee and Viverrid upon all four. 

In the Macherodonts the superior lamina is not distinct upon any but 
the sixth, but the inferior lamina is less broad and plate-like. 


2 


No.1449, THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 2h 


The seventh cervical has a rather long spine, strong superior lamina, 
no inferior lamina, and is not perforated by the vertebrarterial canal. 
In this important feature, as well as in its general form, it agrees 
with the Carnivora and insectivores, and differs from marsupials. 

The dorsal vertebree number thirteen. The 
first ten have spines of moderate height, wider 
than in the dog or cat, higher than in Vinerra, 
but not so wide. They decrease in height and 
increase in backward in- 
clination to the tenth. 
Their transverse proc- 
esses are rather large 
and stout, considerably 
expanded at the tips. 
The first is the most ro- 
bust, the others of nearly 
equal size. Theeleventh 
vertebra has no- spine. 


Fie. 10.—SINOPA GRANGERI, Fie. 11.—SINOPA GRANGERI, 


SECOND porsAL yerTEBRA, Its anterior part and EIGHTH DORSAL VERTEBRA, 
SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. «zd. onal ges 2 4 {heer 2 SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. az 

) “> transverse processes re- SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. adzqa., 
ANTERIOR ZYGAPOPHYSIS; ANTERIOR ZYGAPOPH YSIS; 
p2a., PostpRIOoR zyGapopuy- semble the anterior dor- p2d., POSTERIOR ZYGAPOPHY- 


SIS; s., NEURAL SPINE; tr., 


<9] . qQ 7TAT an SIS; S, NEURAL SPINE; ir., 
Pe a te sals. Its posterior part 


TRANSVERSE PROCESS. 
resembles the dorsals and 
lumbars behind it. The twelfth and thirteenth are like the lumbars 
and have short flat spines directed forward. 

The lumbars are of large size; the centra long, except the seventh; 
the spines high and broad; the transverse processes long and directed 
forward, but not curved. The zyga- 
pophyses are 
large and strong- 
ly convex, but 
not revolute. 
This type of lum- 
bar characterizes 
all Creodonts 
ein thas in) Bea rome 
Patriofelis t h e BRA, SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. 


FIG. 12.—SINOPA GRANGERI, SIXTH LUMBAR lumbar zy gapo- aad, ANTERIOR ZYGAPO- 
VERTEBRA, SIDE VIEW, NAT. SIZE. azd, AN- eS PHYSIS; pzd, POSTERIOR 
TERIOR ZYGAPOPHYSIS; pz, POSTERIOR physes are revo- ZYGAPOPHYSIS; s, NEURAL 


ZYGAPOPHYSIS; s, NEURAL SPINE; tr, TRANS- lute) aN mons SPINE; t7., TRANSVERSE 
VERSE PROCESS. = PROCESS. 
modern Carniy- 


ora it is retained to the greatest degree among the Viverride. 


The sacrum is composed of three vertebree and is long and unusually 
large, especially the anterior sacral; the rib massive, expanded at its 
contact with the ilium. The posterior sacrals are not so large nor 


D. 


& 


220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


their transverse se plates 8 so wide. “The second sacral takes a minor part 
in the iliac articulation by means of the forward end of its transverse 
process. 

The caudals are preserved in series as far back as the seventeenth. 
The first four have large, strongly convex zygapophyses like those of 

the lumbars, long, stout transverse processes, 
pea eza and rather short bodies. The fifth and sixth 
show the change to’ the middle caudal region, 
in which the zygapophyses are simplified, the 
arches reduced, the centra increased in length 
and diminished in width, the transverse pro- 
cesses shortened and expanded antero-poste- 
riorly into flat plates as long as the centra, 
and decreasing in width on each successive 
vertebra until on the seventeenth they are 
reduced to ridges on the sides of the centra. 
Fic. 14—Stnopa GRancerr sev. Lone neural arches are complete as far back 
ENTH AND SIXTEENTH caupaL as the thirteenth vertebra. 
OR Mat oe a is Ln, Comparisons with IHyzenodon.—In the 
PHYSES; pza, posreRior zycaro- characters of the vertebral column Sinopa 
ia (hy TRANSVERSE PRO" is nearer to Daphanus and Cynodictis than 
to Hyxnodon or Patriofelis. It agrees with 
the two former in the large long lumbars, the general character of 
the spines and transverse processes of most of the vertebrae, propor- 
tions of sacrum, proximal caudal spines, etc. 

Hyxenodon differs in the superior and inferior lamin of the trans- 
verse processes, distinct on cervicals 4-6; the lumbars smaller and 
shorter, their spines broader but not so high, their transverse processes 
much shorter, the sacrum much smaller, the tail much shorter, and 
lateral plates of middle caudals not prominent. All these features 
are probably due to adaptation to running, and are exactly paralled 
in the distinctions between the modern Canide and Daphenus or 
Cynodictis. 

Patriofelis has shorter cervicals than Sinopa, lumbars large but short, 
their zygapophyses revolute, spines broader and wider at top, tran 
verse processes short and stout. The sacrum is not so broad anteriorly, 
the caudals are massive, but not so long; the anterior ones have 
extremely broad, massive, transverse processes, while in the middle 
‘audals the transverse lamelle are reduced to short, stout anterior and 
posterior processes. The neural arch continues only to the ninth 
vertebra, a remarkable feature considering the length and power of 
the tail. 

Oxyena is proportioned much more like Sznoepa, with similar type 
of dorsals, long and large lumbars, etc., but the skeleton is not com- 
plete encugh to compare exactly. 


No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 221 


Hoplophoneus has the transverse processes of the cervicals, including 
the atlas, greatly extended posteriorly. <A distinet inferior lamina 
developson C 5-6. The dorsals are not unlike S/nopa, but the posterior 
ones develop powerful anapophyses, which are continued into the lum- 
bars with decreasing strength. Thelumbars are not so long, their spines 
much like those in S¢nopa, transverse processes considerably shorter. 
The sacrum is not so wide anteriorly, the spines higher. The trans- 
verse processes of the two first caudals are expanded into plates, in the 
next three they slant backward, and are not so stout as in S7nopa,; the 
transverse lamelle of the middle caudals are much less developed. 
The neural arches are continuous as far as the thirteenth caudal, but 
the middle caudals are smaller and the tail shorter. 


RIBS AND STERNUM. 


There are thirteen ribs. They are distinguished, especially the 
anterior ones, by exceptional shortness and rather broad, flattened 
shafts. The flattening of the shaft is more uniform from end to end 
than in dogs or viverrines, in which it is restricted to the distal middle 
section of a few ribs, and the others are much rounder and somewhat 
more slender and elongate. I do not find any Carnivora presenting 
the rib features of Sinopa. They do not appear to be marsupial char- 
acters, but are seen in early ungulates and (except the length) highly 
developed in the more recent ones. ! 

Five sternal segments are preserved. All of them are of the narrow 
elongate type usually seen in Carnivora, and show none of the flatten- 
ing observed by Wortman in J/esonyx and mentioned by him as a 
characteristic marsupial feature. It is also characteristic of most 
ungulates and of many other groups. 


APPENDICULAR SKELETON, DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS. 


Forelimb.—The limbs are remarkably small in comparison with the 
proportions of skull and hackbone. They do not exceed those of a 
large domestic cat in length, although somewhat stouter, while the 
backbone (exclusive of the tail) is one-fourth longer than in that 
animal and the skull nearly twice as long. 

The scapula is incomplete, the anterior border not being preserved 
on either side. Its general form, so far as comparison can be made, 
agrees best with Canis, being rather long and narrow for a carnivore, 
and the upper border at right angles to the posterior. The spine is 
about as high as in Canis, considerably lower and less overhanging 
than in Felis or Viverra. The acromion is much better developed 
than in Cans; apparently considerably more than in /2//s or Viverra. 
Its tip is broken off, but it projects considerably beyond the glenoid 
cavity. The coracoid process is short but very distinct, as in /elis 


. 


| ee 


| 


222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, j 


and Viverra; in Canis it is absent. The last two features are seen in 
Didelphys, to which the scapula has otherwise little resemblance. 

The humerus most nearly resembles that of the domestic cat, but is 
somewhat more massive throughout and a little broader at the distal 
end. The shaft is comparatively straight, the deltoid crest scarcely 
more prominent than in /e/zs, although extending farther down the 
shaft. The supinator crest is a little higher than in /¢/7s domestica, 
the trochlea is considerably broader, and the internal condyle and 


Ws? 


a i hy & 7 ft. 


FIG. 15.—SINOPA GRANGERI, HUMERUS, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEWS, NAT. SIZE. g.t., GREATER 
TUBEROSITY; dit, DELTOID CREST; €. ¢. f., ENTEPICONDYLAR FORAMEN; J. t., LESSER TUBEROSITY; 8. ¢. f., 
SUPRA-TROCHLEAR VACUITY. 


entepicondylar foramen considerably wider. ‘There appears to be a 
supratrochlear foramen, but of this I can not be certain. The shaft is’ 
somewhat straighter, the deltoid crest less developed than in Canis. 
Daphenus shows still more curyature of the shaft; the deltoid crest is 
higher and extends much farther down; the trochlea resembles that 
of Stnopa, but the internal condyle and the supinator ridge are less 


developed. The opossum humerus is widely different in form at the 


Bo. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 223 


distal end, the internal and external condyles almost equally developed, 
the trochlea very wide and shallow, the inferior end of the deltoid crest 
very high and situate far down on the shaft. 

Radius and ulna.—The shafts of these bones are nearly straight, 
with the olecranon in line with the ulnar shaft, as in the viverrines. In 
the cats and in Daphenus, as also in the opossum, the shafts are 
slightly convex forward; in Canis they are 
considerably bowed. The olecranon is 
rather long, and expanded anteroposteri- 
orly, as in Daphaenus and the viverrines; 
in the cats it is a little shorter and pro- 
jects more anteriorly; in the opossum it 
projects more anteriorly and is much less 
expanded in an anteroposterior direction. 
The ulnar and radial shafts are about 
equally robust, as in Daphenus and the 
viverrines; the ulna is somewhat larger 
proportionately than in either, but not so 
robust as in Didelphys, and is expanded 
on the antero-internal side, next the radius, 
ina broad flat plate, thin distally, but with 
thickened margin toward the proximal 
part. This plate lies in the position of 
the interosseous membrane, and probably 
gave a rigid attachment for strong pro- 
nator muscles. It is not present in other 
carnivora, which I have examined, nor in 
Didelphys. In Hyenodon it has become 
narrower and much thicker, forming an 
integral part of the very robust ulnar 
shaft, but it is clearly indicated by the 
broad deep groove extending down the 
anterior face of the shaft. 

The distal end of the ulna resembles that 
of Hyzxnodon and the viverrines, and 
allowing for the great reduction in size Fic. 16.—Srvopa GRaNGERI, RADIUS 
mCancs, it resembles that genus, while Ji. jiuwewansm 
it differs notably from Daphewnus and the 

eats in the position of the cuneiform facet, which faces more distally 
(but not so much so as in Hyznodon), and is nearly continuous with 
the radial facet, while in Daphenus and the Felide it faces almost 
internally and stands on the end of a stout hooked process, separated 
by a deep groove from the radial facet. 

The head of the radius has the same oval form as in y#nodon, the 
ulnar facet being comparatively flat, permitting of but a limited 


q 7 


294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


degree of rotation, much less than in Daphenus or Felis, about as in 


Canis. The coronoid process is less prominent than in //yenodon, 
much less than in Daphenus or Fel/s, somewhat more than in Canis. 

The distal end of the radius likewise resembles 7ywnodon and differs 
widely from Daphenus and the Felide, much less from the Canide, 
in the convex posterior surface, the slight development of the styloid 
process (moderately strong in the dogs, remarkably strong in Dapha- 
nus) and many details of 
form and arrangement of 
the processes and tendinal 
grooves. 

Forefoot.—The entire car- 
pus except the trapezoid 
and trapezium, the greater 
part of three metacarpals, 
and most of the phalanges 
are preserved. The carpus 
has the usual creodont char- 
acters of separate scaphoid, 
lunar, end centrale, small 
magnum, large unciform 
and éuneiform, ete. The 
centrale is of moderate size, 
and lies principally under 
the scaphoid, but toward the 
dorsal surface projects con- 
siderably under the lunar 
so that its small exposure 


VOL. XXX, 


on the dorsal face of the 
carpus lies equally beneath 


Fic. 17.—SINOPA GRANGERI FORE FOOT, NAT. SIZE, DORSAL 
VIEW. Ce, CENTRALE; Cun, SCAPHOID: lu, LUNAR; mag, 
MAGNUM; pis, PISIFORM; sc, CUNEIFORM; td, TRAPEZOID; 
tm, TRAPEZIUM; unc, UNCIFORM. THE DORSAL SURFACE 
OF THE MAGNUM IS REPRESENTED CONSIDERABLY TOO 
LARGE, AND THE PROXIMAL FACET OF THE LUNAR IN- 
CORRECTLY DEFINED SO THAT IT APPEARS TO EXTEND 
OVER THE WHOLE DORSAL SURFACE OF THE BONE. 


and Mesonychids, which 
alleling the ungulates.“ 

principally supported by 
ported about equally by 


« Wortman, in criticising this passage, appears to have completely misunderstood 
my words, and supposed that by ‘‘podials’’? I meant claws! 


scaphoid and lunar. 

The carpus is higher than 
in LTyenodon, but the bones 
have the same rather broad 
square character common 
to Hynodonts, Oxyrenids, 


the writer has elsewhere explained as par- 
The scaphoid is of moderate height and is 
centrale and trapezium. 
magnum and unciform. 


The lunar is sup- 
The cuneiform is 


The parallelism with 


the ungulates does not of course involve relationship, but is due to a similar adapta- 


tion of the feet to use solely in locomotion. 


A later and less perfect parallelism in 


the podials is seen in the Canidze, taking place after the consolidation of the scapho- 


lunar-centrale, 


3 


NO. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 225 


large, both broad and deep, lies mainly proximal to the unciform, 
nearly touches the lunar internally, and its ulnar facet faces chiefly 
proximal. The magnum, with very small dorsal surface, is much com- 
pressed laterally and strongly keeled on the proximal side toward the 
ventral surface. It carries no hook. The trapezoid is not preserved, 
but from the arrangement of the adjoining bones it appears to have 
been quite small, its height much less than in //ywnodon, with very 
slight contact with the magnum, a small dorsal-external contact with 
the scaphoid, and principally supporting the centrale. Its contact with 
the trapezium appears to have been lateral-superior. The trapezium 
is not preserved, but from other specimens it is known to have been 
rather large, not as high as in //ywnodon, and permitting a greater 
divergence and more freedom of motion of the pollex, which can 
hardly, however, be said to be even semi-opposable: 

The metacarpals are five in number, all being of approximately 
equal robustness, but the laterals reduced in length, although much 
longer than in //Zyenodon. The exact proportions can not be deter- 
mined from this specimen, but apparently they were the same as in 
the manus of 7ritemnodon. The fifth digit is restored somewhat too 
long in the drawing. In Sinopa and Tritemnodon, as in Hyenodon, 
the symmetry of the manus is pentadactyl with a tendency to tridac- 
tylism more marked in the oligocene genus. In the true Carnivora, 
and in the Mesonychide among Creodonts, the manus is constructed 
upon a tetradactyl symmetry. 

The phalanges are not remarkable. The unguals are small, more 
compressed than in //yenodon, and fissured at the tips. 

The manus of 77ritemnodon agrees in all its principal features with 
that of Stnopa, but differs in numerous small details of structure, the 
greater part of which are slight approximations toward the Hyenodon 
manus. 

Hind limb.—The pelvis has the same proportions between pre- and 
post- acetabular regions as in //yxnodon, about the same as in the cat. 
The superior border of the ilium is considerably expanded, a remark- 
able character which finds its nearest analogue in the Phenacodontide, 
although seen toa less extent in /yznodon and Hoplophoneus. In the 
modern Carnivora it is the inferior border of the ilium (below the 
primitive rod, and below the sacral articulation) which is expanded to 
a greater or less degree. The ischium is rather thin and slender and 
the pubis stout, as compared with modern Carnivora. 

The femur is of moderate length, having about the same proportions 
ws in /Hyenodon. The upper part of the shaft has a considerable 
lateral curvature. The third trochanter is much better developed than 
in Hyxnodon, and placed considerably lower down on the shaft than 
in Daphenus or Hoplophoneus. In modern Carnivora the third tro- 

Proc, N. M. vol. xxx—06——15 


226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 
chanter is absent and the shaft much straighter. In the Condylarthra 
it is much stronger and situate about the middle of the shaft, except in 
Euprotogonia, in which it is higher up. The distal end of the bone 
has a moderate lateral expansion and great vertical depth, as in 
Hyxenodon and the Condylarthra, the rotular trochlea narrow and elon- 
gate, but not extending so far up on the anterior surface of the shaft 


‘YY, a ede 
\ See), 
—— : 
= \“\9 
\ LY reby. 
ee, ee 
AN 
| 


— SSS 


——§$<——SSSSS==== 


——SS= 
————SSS> 


$$ 


= S!!!!_ 


SS 


= 


=—— 


Sa 


Fic. 18.—SINOPA GRANGERI, FEMUR, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEWS, NAT. SIZE. g. t., GREATER 
TROCHANTER; lJ. ¢., LESSER TROCHANTER; 3rdt., THIRD TROCHANTER; p. f. 1., ROTULAR TROCHLEA OR 
GROOVE FOR THE PATELLA, 

as in [yenodon. In Patriofelis the femur has a much more massive 

shaft, the distal end is not so deep, the third trochanter is somewhat 
poate ° : . i 

similar in development, and the curvature of the shaft about the same. | 

Oxyena has a weaker third trochanter, thicker shaft, and distal end _ 


more like the normal Carnivora type. 


No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 227 


Tibia and fibula.—The proportion of these two bones is about as 
in Hyenodon, the tibular shaft less reduced than in modern carnivora, 
among which the viverrines offer the nearest approach, while Daphanus 
is decidedly nearer. The bones are proportionately shorter, with less 
rounded shafts than in the more modernized carnivora, e. g¢., Canis or 


Felis. The most marked 
peculiarity is the well- 
developed fibulo-calcanear 
facet, which is only a little 
less extensive than in 
Fyxenodon. 

[lind foot.—The pes is 
pentadactyle, and its sym- 
metry is approximately 
mesaxonic, but less ex 
actly so than in the manus, 
the first digit being 
shorter and more slender 
than the fifth, and the 
second somewhat shorter, 
although stouter, than the 
fourth, while the third 
projects beyond either, 
and is nearly, but not 
quite, symmetrical at its 
distal end. This symme- 
try agrees entirely with 
that of /Tyxnodon and dif- 
fers radically from the par- 
axonicsymmetry of manus 
and pes in the true Carni- 
voraand the Mesonychide. 
In the Oxyenide the foot 

“symmetry appears to be 
‘approximately as in the 
Hyenodontide, but the 
foot is broaderand shorter, 
‘especially in Patriofelis, 
and the symmetry less no- 
‘ticeable in consequence. 


Fic. 19.—SINOPA GRANGERI, TIBIA AND FIBULA, NAT. SIZE, 
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEWS. Cn, CNEMIAL CREST ON 
ANTERIOR SURFACE OF TIBIA; 7. m., INTERNAL MALLEOLUS 
OF TIBIA. 


The astragalus differs considerably from that of Hyenodon. The 
‘trochlea is not nearly so deep, the posterior tendinal groove is much 
deeper, the neck is longer, the head much broader, not nearly so deep, 
‘more convex laterally, The astragalar foramen is distinct, but very 
‘small, and I can not be certain that it is continuous through the bone. 


998 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


The caleaneum has a considerably longer tuber than in //yxnodon, 
somewhat grooved on the superior surface of its distal end for the 
tendon of the plantaris, as in many modern carnivora. In Hyzenodon 
the groove is absent. The cuboid is longer than in Hyenodon and 
has a considerable astraga- 
lar facet, which does not 
extend, however, to the 
dorsal surface. In Hyeno- 
don this facet is smaller 
and farther removed from 
the dorsal surface of the 
bone. It seems to have 
been absent or indistinct 
in the specimens examined 
by Professor Scott. In 
the Oxyenide and Me- 
sonychide it is much bet- 
ter developed. In modern 
carnivora it is absent, but 
it is moderately developed 
in Daphenus, although 
lateral instead of partly 
superior, as in Creodonta. 
The cuneiform bones are 
much as in Hyenodon, ex- 
cept that the entocunei- 
form is shorter and 
broader, its contact with 
Mt. II less, and the distal 
facet broader and more 
oblique. It is less elon- 
gate and very much 
broader than in modern 
Carnivora, and the distal 
facet retains much more 
of the primitive saddle- 
shaped curvature, thus 
permitting a greater de- 
FIG. 20.—SINOPA GRANGERI, HIND FOOT, NAT. SIZE, DORSAL gree of opposition of the 


VIEW. ast, ASTRAGALUS; cal, CALCANEUM: eb, CUBOID: Cl, 2535 ti di it 
CUNEIFORM BONES; nav, NAVICULAR. rst Ig t 


The metatarsals are 
somewhat less compressed and more slender than in Hyzenodon,; their 
relative proportions are noted above. The head of Mt. I is broader. 
In other respects there is very little difference. The phalanges 
resemble those of the forefoot, except in their larger size and some- 


No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 229 


what more elongate proportions. The pes is by no means as long 
or compressed as in most modern Carnivora, and this, with the differ- 
ence in symmetry, involves numerous small differences in construc- 
tion and arrangement of the bones. 

Tritemnodon closely resembles Sinopa in the structure of the hind 
limb, as shown by comparison of Doctor Wortman’s description of 
the parts known to him and of the more complete specimens in the 
American Museum collections. 

Comparisons of the appendicular skeleton.—In the characters of the 
fore and hind limb, Scnopa is in the main of the primitive creodont 
type, but shows an earlier stage of the cursorial adaptations of Hyzeno- 
don, and shares with that genus a number of peculiarities probably 
characteristic of the family. The long, narrow scapula, the expanded 
ilium, the depth of the distal end of the femur, the reduction of the 
deltoid and supinator ridges of the humerus, the squaring of the 
carpus and deepening of the astragalar trochlea and head, and in 
general the elongation of the limb bones, elongation and compression 
of the feet, are all differentiations from the primitive type, carried to 
but a slight extent in Sinopa, to a considerably greater extent in 
Hyznodon, paralleled in all the cursorial Carnivora and in the Con- 
dylarthra, and carried to a much greater extent in the cursorial 
Ungulata. On the other hand, the retention of the coracoid process 
and long acromion of the scapula, the comparatively long  post- 
acetabular region of the pelvis, the entepicondylar foramen on the 
humerus and the third trochanter on the femur, the stout ulna with 
its long olecranon, the unreduced fibula, the distinct centrale, the 
astragulo-cuboidal articulation, the large size of the lateral digits, and 
the moderately compressed claws, are apparently primitive creodont 
features not yet modified by the cursorial adaptation which had begun 
to show itself in the appendicular skeleton. Some of these characters 
are still retained by H/yenodon, and they are retained to a varying 
extent by the other creodont families and by the more primitive mod- 
ern Carnivora. The mesaxonic manus and pes, the fibulo-calcanear 
articulation, and the broad flange on the radial side of the ulnar shaft, 
are apparently family characters of the Hyznodontide. The first 
and the last characters are also seen in the Phenacodontidee, and the 
relative conditions of the appendicular skeleton in Sinopa and Hyex- 
nodon are exactly paralleled by the relative conditions in Huprotogonia 
and Phenacodus. 


PA ols Or hit CHARACTERS, OF SKULL AND 
; SKELETON. 


Primitive mammalian features.—Skull elongate, brain-case small, 
sagittal and occipital crests strong, orbits situate above molars, hence 
lachrymal and superior process of jugal moderately expanded upon 


930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the face. Nasals somewhat expanded posteriorly. Tympanic bulle 
not ossified. Teeth 44 in number, the molars tritubercular above, 
tuberculo-sectorial below, the premolars trenchant. Ribs short, ster- 
num narrow, tail long and powerful, limbs rather short, flexible, feet 
pentadactyl, pollex and hallux divergent, centrale present, astragalus 
with shallow trochlea and round convex head; fibula little reduced, and 
ulna as stout as radius. Coracoid process on scapula. 

Primitive eutherian features.—Dentition 3733. Angle of jaw not 
inflected. Sacrum of 3 vertebrae. No vertebrarterial foramen on 
seventh cervical. 

Primitive carnivore features.—Incisors small, canines large, piercing. 
Parietal bones long, basicranial region long, mastoid exposure small, 
lateral. Posterior nareal canal long and deep. No false (alisphenoid) 
bulla. Dorsolumbar formula twenty. Lumbars very large and long, 
their zygapophyses large and very convex. Ungual phalanges bear- 
ing moderately compressed claws. A small contact between astragalus 
and cuboid. A third trochanter rather high up on shaft of femur. 

Cursorial adaptations.—Limb bones elongate. Scapula long and 
narrow. Humerus with reduced deltoid and supinator crests. Ulna 
and radius with limited amount of pronation and supination. Carpus 
broad, its proximal articulations transverse. Ilium expanded, distal 
end of femur deep, astragalar trochlea somewhat excavated and 
extended posteriorly, and head somewhat deepened. Fore and hind 
feet somewhat compressed and apparently digitigrade. 

Special hyxenodont characters.—Molars developing a shear by exten- 
sion of parastyle, especially on M 3. Manus and pes mesaxonic. A 
tibulo-caleanear facet. Astragalo-cuboid facet reduced. Claws fissured 
(also in Mesonychidee and Oxyeenide). 

Generic and specific characters.—These need not be repeated here, 
as they have been fully defined in an earlier section of this paper. 


RELATIONSHIPS OF SINOPA. 


The primitive mammalian features are predominant, as might be — 
expected in a Middle Eocene animal. These features are found in all 
early mammals, whether Metatherians or Eutherians. S/nopa is, how- 
ever, a typical Eutherian in the dentition, in the conformation of the 
angle of the jaw, and other characters of lessimportance. The primi- 
tive carnivore features are numerous and important, and amply dem- 
onstrate the pertinence of S/nopa to this order. The characters of 
the base and back of the skull especially distinguish it sharply from 
either marsupials or Insectivora. The cursorial adaptations in the” 
limbs and feet are comparatively slight, but unmistakable. Along 
with the special hyzenodont characters they demonstrate the position 
of the genus as a primitive member of the Hyznodontide. It stands - 
directly ancestral to //yenodon in all details of its structure and shows | 


No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 231 


a considerable degree of progress from the primitive carnivore type 
toward the line which terminated in the large, highly specialized 
Hyenodons of the American oligocene. As has already been observed, 
the geological occurrence of the species of this phylogenetic line makes 
it improbable that //yenodon was directly descended from any of the 
Middle Eocene species of Sinopa,; it is more probably derived from 
a Lower Eocene or earlier species. Wortman has suggested S. opis- 
thotoma as a possible ancestor, but this species does not entirely meet 
the required conditions. 

The relationship to the carnivorous marsupials appears to be a remote 
one, despite a considerable degree of superficial resemblance, due 
chiefly to the retention of the primitive mammalian characters. In 
all marsupials the angle of the lower jaw is inflected, the molars num- 
ber four, the premolars not more than three, the basicranial region is 
short and the mastoid exposure posterior and of large size, the carotid 
canal pierces the basisphenoid, the pterygoid processes of the alisphe- 
noid and palatine are little developed, and more or less of a false bulla 
is formed; the dorsolumbar formula is 19, and there are numerous less 
important details of form and structure in the bones, showing that they 
are far removed from S/nopa or from any of the Creodonta. The 
dorsolumbar formula of Mesonyx, according to Wortman, was 19, as in 
the marsupials, and this genus also has a broad posterior expansion of 
the nasals; but in the much more important characters of the base and 
back of the skull, as in all other features of the skeleton, it is evidently 
of true carnivore affinities, somewhat disguised by a high degree of 
specialization in certain parts. In S/nopa, in Oryena and Hyenodon, 
and probably in Patriofelis, the only other creodonts in which the 
dorsolumbar formula is known, it is twenty, as in all Carnivora, and 
these genera have all evidently descended from primitive carnivore 
ancestors, whose principal distinctions are given above. 

The Insectivora appear to be in many respects intermediate between 
Carnivora and marsupials, but how far they are actually so would be 
dificult to say. It is clear that the Creodonts are not nearly related 
to any living Insectivora, but we know so little about the past history 
of the insectivore group that we can not yet say whether it is really ¢ 
homogeneous one or an arbitrary association of unrelated types. In 
the features of the base and back of the skull they differ very consid- 
erably from Carnivora and agree more or less with marsupials (the 
course of the carotid canal differs from either group). They have the 
Eutherian dental formula, a non-inflected angle of peculiar type in 
the lower jaw, etc.; these features characterize the most primitive 
and ancient known types as well as the modern ones. 

The position and relationships of the Eocene Carnivora have been 
variously estimated by the different writers who have studied and 
described their remains. The incomplete specimens first found in the 


232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Old and How Ww Mids were referred to ihe true Garainam (Fissipedia); 
later on the great French paleontologists, Gervais and Gaudry, empha- 
sized the affinities of some among them to the marsupials, a view 
adopted in a broad sense by Huxley and other authorities, but dis- 
puted by Filhol and most subsequent writers. In 1875 the accumu- 
lating new discoveries of material enabled Cope to reconstruct, from 

various forms referred to marsupials, Carnivora, and Insectivora, the 
group of Creodonta, with affinities to all three orders named, but more 
nearly related to the two latter, and containing the ancestral types of 
the modern Carnivora. Se haces in his monumental studies upon | 
the fossil primates and unguiculates of Europe, regards the Creodonta ° 
as definitively related to the true Carnivora, excluding from the group 
a number of insectivore-like types which had been included by Cope. 
He divides them into Adaptiva and Inadaptiva, both springing from 
a common primitive creodont stem, the former approximately ances- 
tral to the true Carnivora, the latter becoming extinct. This view is 
substantially indorsed by subsequent writers, with the exception of 
Wortman, who in his studies of Eocene Carnivora in the Marsh collec- 
tion, appears inclined to lay emphasis, especially in the first part of 
his paper, upon the marsupial affinities of the group. 

So far as I can understand Doctor Wortman’s position, it seems to 
be that the creodonts and carnivores are two distinct branches, both 
derived from the Cretaceous marsupials exemplified by Didelphops, 
and that the modern carnivorous marsupials, except for the inflection 
of the jaw and suppression of the second set of teeth, are little altered 
from the Cretaceous ancestors of the placental Carnivora. Hence the 
Basal Eocene creodonts and carnivores are closely allied to the living 
marsupials, the Middle Eocene less nearly so, and in the Oligocene 
and later formations the modern carnivore stamp becomes more 
apparent. 

The essential divergence of this view from that generally accepted 
is in the nearer alliance implied between marsupials and placentals. 
In Wortman’s view the Carnivora, Creodonta, Insectivora, etc., arise 
“ach as a separate branch from the Cretaceous marsupials, which also — 
persist little altered in the modern Polyprotodonts. If this be true, 
the modern groups of placentals are not more nearly related to each 
other than they are to the Polyprotodont marsupials, and their resem- 
blances are all due to parallelism. This view is only held conjecturally 
in the case of other groups, but is quite specifically stated in regard 
to Creodonts and true Carnivores. 

I do not think, however, that the evidence, even as stated by — 
Wortman, supports this view, and quite naturally he is inclined to 
lay emphasis upon the marsupialoid features of the creodont skull. 
On the contrary, I think it is safe to say that if we set aside super- 


No. 1449. THE OSTEOLOGY OF SINOPA—MATTHEW. 233 


ficial and adaptive characters, and rest principally upon deep-seated 
resemblances such as are found in the characters of the base of the 
skull, the dental and dorsolumbar formule, ete., we find every known 
creodont very much nearer to the modern Carnivora than to the modern 
marsupials. On the other hand, the little that is known of Cretaceous 
marsupials bears distinctly the marsupial stamp in every detail and 
does not show any essential approach to the early placentals. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XVI 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


‘ 


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“NOILISOd ONIMTIVMA V NI GALNNO| ‘NOLATSYNS adAL ‘IYSONVYD VdONIS 


THE LOCUSTIDZ AND GRYLLIDZ (KATYDIDS AND CRICK- 
ETS) COLLECTED BY W. T. FOSTER IN PARAGUAY. 


By ANDREW NELSON CAUDELL, 
Custodian, Section of Orthoptera. 


The Locustide contained in the Foster collection number 176 speci- 
mens, representing 28 species, while the Gryllide comprise 69 speci- 
mens, representing 11 species. The following paper treats of these 
two families. The nonsaltatorial forms have previously been reported 
upon,” and the Acrididée will soon be discussed in the pages of these 
Proceedings by Professor Bruner. 


Family LOCUSTID. 
Subfamily PHANHEHROPTEHERIN &. 


1. ISOPHYA HAMATA Giglio-Tos. 


Fourteen males, sixteen females, three nymphs. January, February, 
March, August, and November. 
These specimens agree almost perfectly with the description. 


2. ANIARA PROXIMA Brunner. 


Seven males, three females. February and October. 

The males are somewhat larger than the measurements given by 
Brunner. The anterior tibe bear two or three distinct spines on the 
upper outer carina, thus differing from the generic diagnosis, but the 
radial veins are connate and the transverse veins are parallel, thus 
referring the species to the genus Aniara. The cerci of the male are 
simple, not furnished with a median process, as in the species of the 
genus [Hyperophora, but are long and slender. While theSe insects 
possess several characters at variance with those described for A. 
proxima, they are nevertheless questionably referred to that species. 
They may eventually prove to be quite distinct, generically as well as 
specifically, but I have not thought it best to so consider them at this 
time. 


aJourn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII (1904), pp. 179-188. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1450. 
235 


} 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoOr.kex. 


a5 HYPEROPHORA BRASILIENSIS Brunner. 


Three males, three females. January to March. 
The ovipositors of these females are longer than described by Brun- 
ner, one being 12 mm. long and nearly straight. 


4. HYPEROPHORA MINOR Brunner. 


Eleven males, six females. January, February, March, May, Octo- 
ber, and November. 

The females have the following measurements: 

Length, pronotum, 3.75 mm.: elytra, 25-27 mm.; hind femora, 21— 
22 mm.: ovipositor, 7-8 mm. 


5. HYPEROPHORA PERUVIANA Brunner. 


Three males, tive females, and one female nymph. August to 
March. 

The females have the following measurements: 

Length, pronotum, 44.5 mm.; elytra, 29-31 mm.; posterior 
femora, 23-25 mm.; ovipositor, 5 mm. 


6. AMAURA OLIVACEA Brunner. 


Three females. February and March. 

The anterior tibia really has a terminal spine and sometimes also a 
basal one, but they are seemingly very readily broken off, being 
absent in most specimens. The posterior femora of these specimens 
measure 18 mm. in length and the elytra 23-25 mm. by 3-4 mm. broad 
at the middle. 


7- HOMATOICHA FUSCOPUNCTATA, new species. 


Seemingly allied to Cerata punctata but can not be placed in Ceraza 
because of the armature of the posterior femora, as described below. 

Color, green with the elytra marked along the median area with a 
row of seven or eight small fuscous spots. Lateral lobes of the pro- 
notum higher than long, the posterio-ventral margin nearly straight. 
Posterior femora long and nearly unarmed beneath, the single speci- 
men before me having a single spine on the inner carina just before 
the middle on the right leg, while the left femora is wholly unarmed. 
Ovipositor strongly curved upwards, apically rounded and finely. ser- 
rate, the serrations extending back well toward the base above. 

Length, pronotum, 5.5 mm.; elytra, 31 mm.; posterior femora, 26 
mm.; Ovipositor, 5 mm. 
Type.—A single female, without date, in the collection of Professor 
sruner, 


no. 1450. PARAGUAYAN KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS—CA UDELL. Ist 


8. CERAIA SIMILIS, new species. 


Near @. dentata Brunner and falls next to it in the table of species. 
The cerci of the male are about four times as long as the basal width, 
apically depressed and armed with a sharp incurved black tooth and 
furnished on the inner side beyond the middle with a thick projec- 
tion; subgenital plate of male elongate, tapering, apically cleft and 
furnished with styles as long as the middle width of the plate; sub- 
genital plate of female considerably produced, tapering, the narrow 
tip subtruncate, very slightly notched; ovipositor strongly upcurved, 
the tip rounded, finely serrate near the apex below and above for the 
greater part of its length. 

Length, pronotum, male and female 5-5.5 mm.; elytra, male 30-31 
mm., female 30-32 mm.; posterior femora, male 21 mm., female 22 mm. ; 
ovipositor, 7 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9626, U.S.N.M. 

Five males, seven females. February, March, and April. 


9g. CERAIA CORNUTOIDES, new species. 


Allied to C. cornuta Brunner and falls next to it in the table of 
species. The lobes of the anal segment of the male, however, are but 
one-sixth as long as the pronotum instead of being longer, as described 
in cornuta. The tarsi are scarcely infuscated and the cerci of the male 
are blunt and apically forked, each fork apically pointed. The ovi- 
positor is long and apically rounded. The antenne are basally annu- 
lated with black, and the subgenital plate of the male is as described 
in cornuta. One female has the antenne unicolorous, the black bands 
being obliterated. It may represent another species. 

Length, pronotum, male and female 6 mm.; elytra, male 34 mm., 
female 38-39 mm.; posterior femora, male 27 mm., female 27-30 mm.; 
ovipositor, 11 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9627, U.S.N.M. 

One male, three females. December, January, and February. 


1o. SCAPHURA VIGORSII Kirby. 


One female. January. 

This is probably the same species as that mentioned by Giglio- 
Tos from Paraguay but is a little larger than the measurements given 
by Brunner. The anterior tibie are armed above with three spines 
and the middle ones with several on both margins. Thus it is an 
aberrant member of this genus as defined by Brunner. 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


11. PHYLLOPTERA ALLIEDEA, new species. 


Green, in dried specimens the head and pronotum usually somewhat 
yellowish. Pronotum flat above, the disk not much broader posteriorly 
than anteriorly; lateral carine sharp; lateral lobes vertical, higher 
than long. broadly rounded below; meso- and metasternal lobes tri- 
anewar. Elytra without markings, except two or three small obscure 
spots on the ulnar vein, and about 5 mm. shorter than the wings. 
Lees green or yellowish green; anterior tibize sulcate above but un- 
armed; femora sparsely spinose below, the posterior ones armed on 
both margins in the apical half; spines of the anterior and intermediate 
femora usually very small and inconspicuous, generally confined to 
one carina. Cerci of the male curved inward and upward, the tip 
truncate and subdentate; subgenital plate of the male of moderate 
length, apically truncate, ventrally bisulcate, furnished with styles as 
long as the apical width of the plate. Ovipositor one and one-half 
times as long as the pronotum, apically pointed, serrate above on the 
apical half. 

Length, pronotum, male and female, 5 mm.; elytra, male 33-34 mm. ; 
female 35 mm.; posterior femora, male 19-21 mm.; female 22 mm.; 
ovipositor, 8 mm.; width of elytra at the middle, male 12.5-13 mm., 
female 14 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9628, U.S.N.M. 

Six males, one female. February. 

This species is allied to P. finot? of Griffin and also somewhat allied 
to some of the species described by Giglio-Tos, but seems distinct from 
any of them. It probably resembles P. phyllopteroides Burmeister 
more closely than any other species, but is separable from that insect, 
as characterized by Brunner, by several characters. 


12, PHYLLOPTERA FOSTERI, new species. 


Female.—Uniformly brownish testaceous with the elytra marked 
along the middle with three small fuscous spots. Anterior tibiz un- 
armed above and smooth; anterior and intermediate femora unarmed 
or the anterior ones with a few very short inconspicuous spines on the 
anterior side. Lateral lobes of the pronotum higher than long, the 
anterior margin slightly sinuate; lateral carine sharp. Elytra but a 
little more than one and one-half times as long as the posterior femora, 
but not so short as in brevifolia. 

Length, pronotum, 5 mm.; elytra, 34 mm.; posterior femora, 22 
mim.; ovipositor, 7 mm.; width of the elytra at the middle point, 13.5 
mim. 

Type.—One female, without date, in the collection of Professor 
Bruner. 

This species is seemingly allied to brev{folia Brunner and ovalifolia 
Burmeister and in a table of species would fall between those species. 


No. 1450. PARAGUAYAN KATYDIDS AND ORICKETS—CAUDELL. 239 


13. PHYLLOPTERA SPINULOSA Brunner. 


Three males and four females. January, February, and March. 
Two of the male specimens have a round yellowish spot near the 
center of the elytra. It was not determined if this is of specific value, 
as no female with this marking is in the collection. The anterior tibiz 
are dorsally somewhat sulcate in these specimens. 


14. PLAGIOPTERA BICORDATA Serville. 


One female. January. 


15. TURPILIA SUBINERMIS, new species. 


Size, small. Differing from the described species of the genus in 
having the posterior femora unarmed below, or nearly so, and with 
the anterior and intermediate tibiz spined above with several spines. 

Color, green or yellowish green. Pronotum with the lateral lobes 
scarcely higher than long, meeting the disk with a rounded angle. 
Elytra elongate, apically narrowly rounded, in the female but little 
shorter than the wings, in the male considerably shorter. Legs slender; 
anterior tibie rounded above and armed on the outer margin with 3 
spines; middle tibiz sulcate above and armed on the inner margin with 
several spines and on the outer carina with 1 or 2; anterior and inter- 
mediate femora armed below with 3 or 4 small spines; posterior femora 
usually unarmed below, sometimes with a few very small spinules. 
Cerci of the male about five times as long as the basal width and apic- 
ally bent abruptly inward, the tip truncate; subgenital plate apically 
truncate with moderately long, stout, rigid styles. Ovipositor about 
as long as the pronotum, strongly upcurved at the base, finely serrate 
above and below in the outer three-fourths. 

Length, pronotum, male, 44.25 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.; elytra, male 
and female, 22-25 mm.; posterior femora, male, 16-16.5 mm., female, 
17-18 mm.; ovipositor, 5-5.5 mm.; width of the elytra at the middle, 
male and female, 6.5—7.25 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9632 U.S.N.M. 

Two males and four females. December and February. 

This species exhibits some characters at variance with those attrib- 
uted to Zurpilia, but I have hesitated to make a new genus for it. 
The spines of the anterior and intermediate tibiz are very fine and are 
often absent, probably broken off. 


16. STEIRODON VALIDUM Stal. 


One female. December. 

This specimen is a little smaller than the measurements given for 
this species by Brunner, the size being as follows: 

Length, pronotum, 14.5 mm.; elytra, 73 mm.; posterior femora, 34 
mm.; ovipositor, 8mm. Width of the elytra at the middle, 26 mm. 


de > 


240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Subfamily PSEHUDOPHY LLIN _E. 
17. DASYSCELUS NORMALIS Brunner. 


Very similar to D. argentina” of Berg, but a little larger. The 
color and general structure seems very like Berg’s species, but I can 
scarcely agree with Brethes in considering these synonymous.’ They 
differ specifically in the following respects: The posterior femora of 
normalis, as represented by the specimens before me, are much 
longer and the anterior femora are armed beneath on the inner side 
with three distinct spines, while in argentina they are described as 
unarmed. The ovipositor is considerably broader than in argentina 
and the legs are very little mottled and the antenne scarcely at all 
banded. The measurements of the specimens before me are as follows: 

Length, pronotum, male 8 mm., female 9 mm.; elytra, male 9.5 
mm., female 10-10.5 mm.; anterior femora, male 10 mm.; female 
10.5-11 mm.; intermediate femora, male 7.5 mm., female 8-8.5 mm.; 
posterior femora, male 17 mm., female 20.5 mm.; posterior tibie, 
male 18 mm., female 20 mm.; ovipositor, 12 mm.; width, posterior 
femora, male 3.5 mm., female 4 mm.; ovipositor, 3.25 mm. 

One male and two females. December and January. 


Subfamily GRYLLACRIN 4. 
18. HYPERBAENUS BOHLSII Giglio-Tos. 
One male. February. 
Subfamily CONOCEPHALIN AE. 
19. COPIOPHORA PRODUCTA Bolivar. 
One female. February. 
The pronotum is a little short and the ovipositor a little long for 
this species, measuring, respectively, 9 and 38 mm. in length. 
20. CAULOPSIS OBERTHURI Bolivar. 


One male. August. 


rhe pronotum of this specimen shows .no indication of anterior 
emargination. 


21. CONOCEPHALUS DISSIMILIS Serville. 


Three males, four females, two nymphs. December, January, 
February, and March. 


« This species, which was described under the genus Pleminia, isin part the species 
questionably referred to Pleminia miserabilis by Giglio-Tos in Bull. Mus. Torino, IX, 
no. 184, 1894, p. 40, and later referred by the same author to the Dasyscelus demi- 
gratus of Brunner. But that species is typically African and will probably be found 
to differ from this South American form. 

® Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (III) V, 1905, p. 67. 


No.1450. PARAGUAYAN KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS—CA UDELL. 241 


22. CONOCEPHALUS PUSTULATUS Redtenbacher. 
One female. December. 


XIPHELIMUM, new genus. 


Male.—Robust. Fastigium narrow, narrower than the basal seg- 
ment of the antennz, which it does not surpass, dorsally very narrowly 
sulcate, separated from the face below by a constriction and trans- 
verse sulcus; face smooth. Pronotum smooth, subtruncate before 
and behind, the disk posteriorly considerably elevated and moderately 
produced; lateral lobes rectangulate below, the posterior border 
nearly straight, humeral sinus slight, anterior border perpendicular 
in upper half, the lower half tapering backward, meeting the pos- 
terior margin at right angles; lateral carine barely indicated by 
broadly rounded angles; prosternum bispinose: meso- and metasternal 
lobes acute angulate but not spinose. Wings and elytra of equal 
length, surpassing the short abdomen, but scarcely passing beyond the 
middle of the long hind femora; elytra very broad, inclosing the 
abdomen and broadly rounded or subtruncate apically, the costal area 
very broad, transparent and occupied by very distinct parallel trans- 
verse veins; stridulating organ well developed. Legs slender, anterior 
and intermediate tibize with 6 subequal spines on each side below, 
the posterior tibize with an apical spine on each side above; anterior 
and intermediate femora unarmed, the posterior ones armed below on 
both margins; genicular lobes spinose. Cerci cylindrical, slightly 
incurved and armed on the inner side beyond the middle with a broad 
double-pointed tooth. 

Type.—Xiphelimum amplipenne, new species. 

This genus is allied to both Xiphidium and Orchelimum, the more 
heavy form giving it more the appearance of the latter. .The very 
broad elytra with the transparent costal field with its array of distinct 
parallel transverse veins gives it a very characteristic appearance. 


23. XIPHELIMUM AMPLIPENNIS, new species. 


Male (female unknowWn).—General color greenish, the top of the 
head and of the pronotum anterior of the fairly distinct principal 
sulcus with a broad mesial band of solid black, rarely extending faintly , 
back upon the posterior part of the disk. Elytra with the apex 
externally longitudinally folded, giving the tip a notched or truncate 
appearance when viewed from the side or end. Legs reddish, the 
apices of the posterior tibize and femora piceous and the posterior tarsi 
also black. The. posterior legs are very long and the femora are 
armed on each side below with 5 or 6 stout spines. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——16 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


| bo 


Length, pronotum 44.5 mm; elytra, 10-11 mm; posterior femora, 
14-16.5 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2630, U.S.N.M. 

Five males. February and March. 


24. XIPHIDIUM BRACHYPTERUS Redtenbacher. 
Two females. January and February. 
25. XIPHIDIUM LONGIPES Redtenbacher. 


Two males, one female. February and March. 


26. XIPHIDIUM MERIDIONALE Scudder. 
Six males, twelve females. January, February, and August. 
27. XIPHIDIUM SALTATOR Saussure. 


Two males, four females. January and February. 

This is probably but a form of fasciatum, having been referred to 
as such by Griffini. Most of these females have the ovipositor 12 or 
13 mm. long, but one specimen has it barely 9 mm. This latter speci- 
men, which agrees with ones named saltator by Dr. S. H. Seudder, 
has the ovipositor straight while in the others it is a little curved. 


28. XIPHIDIUM STRICTOIDES, new species. 


Female (male unknown).—Superficially resembling X. strictum 
Scudder and in many respects structurally allied to it. 

Slender. Green or brownish. Fastigium of the vertex narrow, 
viewed from above narrower than the basal segment of the antenne, 
constricted before the tip, from an anterior view considerably and 
gradually narrowing from above downward. In the allied species, 
strictum, the vertex is much broader, being as broad as the basal seg- 
ment of the antennze when viewed from above, and when viewed from 
in front narrows abruptly from above downward, appearing triangular. 
Pronotum with the lateral lobes rounded-angulate below, the posterior 
margin straight, without sinus. Dorsum of head and pronotum usu- 
ally unicolorous, sometimes with the mediaft! line infuscated. Legs 
unicolorous, all the femora unarmed; anterior tibize with 6 small spines 
on each side below. Wings aborted; elytra about as long as the 
thorax, apically narrowly rounded, not, or barely, overlapping. Abdo- 
men unicolorous. Ovipositor very long, much longer than the pos- 
terior femora, nearly straight. 

Length, pronotum, 3.25-3.5 mm.; posterior femora, 15.5 mm.; 
elytra, 3-3.5 mm.; ovipositor, 24 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9631, U.S.N.M. 

Four females, one immature. December, January, and February. 


no.1450. PARAGUAYAN KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS—CAUDELL. 243 


Family GRYLLID. 
29. SCAPTERISCUS BORELLII Giglio-Tos. 

Four specimens. November and February. 
30. SCAPTERISCUS CAMERONI Giglio-Tos. 


Two specimens. March. 


31. GRYLLUS ARGENTINUS Saussure. 


One male and two females of the long winged form and one brach- 
ypterous male. November, December, and January. Also one 
nymph taken in August. 


32. GRYLLUS ASSIMILIS Fabricius. 


Four males, nine females, long winged; one male, three females, 
short winged. Also a number of immature specimens. December, 


January, and August. 
33. MIOGRYLLUS PUSILLUS Burmeister. 
One male, one female. January and February. 
34. NEMOBIUS FASCIATUS DeGeer. 
Two males. February. 
35. NEMOBIUS MELLEUS Scudder. 
Two females. February. 
36. CYRTOXIPHUS, species. 
One small nymph, probably belonging to this genus. January. 
37. DIATRYPA TUBERCULATA Saussure. 


One female. January. 
This small elongate yellowish cricket is very probably correctly 
__ referred here. It has the following measurements: | 
Length, pronotum, 2.5 mm.; elytra, 10 mm.; posterior femora, 
7.5 mm.; ovipositor, 6.5 mm.; width of pronotum, 2.75 mm. 
The disk of the pronotum is longitudinally striped on each side with 
fuscous. 


38. ENEOPTERUS SURINAMENSIS DeGeer. 


Seven males, nine females. February, March, July, August, and 
October. 


244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


39. COPHUS THORACICUS? Saussure. 


One female. October. 

It is doubtful if this specimen belongs to this species, though it cer- 
tainly belongs to the genus. The type locality, Cuba, is far from 
Paraguay, and there are also discordant characters in the structure of 
the insect. The color is dark brown mottled with black, the front and 
middle legs are distinctly ringed with black, and the hind femora are 
mottled with fuscuous. The posterior tibie have four spines on each 
side. , 

Length, pronotum, 5 mm.; anterior femora, 10 mm.; posterior 
femora, 20.5 mm.; ovipositor, 20 mm. 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES. 


By AvES HroiiéKa, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Physical Anthropology. 


PART I. 


PHYSICAL CHANGES IN HUMAN AND OTHER BRAINS COLLECTED 
UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND PRESERVED IN VARIOUS 
FORMALIN PREPARATIONS. 


Anatomical and anthropological investigations on the brain to 
determine the homologies and differences in the organ and all its parts, 
between man and other animals, and between races and other groups 
of mankind, make large collections of brains necessary. Such collec- 
tions imply the use of means by which the brains can be kept indefi- 
nitely in good condition for study. An ideal means would be. one 
which would allow every specimen to preserve its form, size, weight, 
and all macroscopical as well as minute features. The need for such 
an agent has long been felt and led from dry preparations to the use 
of various liquid preservatives, among which, subsequently to the 
introduction of that chemical in 1894 by Blum, have been solutions 
containing formaldehyde. 

The commercial solutions of formaldehyde, known ordinarily as 
formol, or formalin, have, even when much diluted, the quality of 
rapidly penetrating and hardening brain tissue, allowing but little 


alteration in the form of the organ and preserving much of its color. 


Furthermore, when hardened, specimens can be kept in the formalin 
9 


' solution without further noticeable change quite indefinitely and the 
_ preservative is not expensive. The chemical, however, is not wholly 
' without objections; some persons are affected adversely by its fumes, 


the volume and weight of the brain are increased somewhat in its 


solutions, and it does not serve best the purposes of histology; yet the 
other advantages of formalin are so great that, until something more 


efficient be discoyered, it can not wel! be dispensed with for brain 
preservation. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1451. 
245 


246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Efforts have been made to correct the faults of formalin by the 
addition of other substances to its solutions, or by following these, 
after the desired hardening of the brain had been effected, with other 
preservatives. It has been combined with or followed by various pro- 
portions of alcohol (Parker & Floyd, Marie, Gerota, etc.), potassium 
bichromate, or Miiller’s fluid (Diedrichs, G. Retzius), glycerin (Lan- 
zillotti-Buonsanti, Chencinski), sodium acetate with sodium chloride 
and alcohol (Stroud, Wilder), sodium chloride and zine chloride (Fisk), 
sodium chloride alone (Spitzka), and bichloride of mercury.“ All of 
these combinations have been reported upon favorably. The effects 
of several formalin solutions have been observed? with some detail, 
but of no single solution do we possess exact and sufficiently detailed 
data as to its action on the brain, especially physically, and its action 
on the brains of persons of different ages, or on those of different 
animals, or finally on those collected under widely different conditions 
of the organ, or of temperature. Yet it is important to be acquainted 
with such facts. It is desirable to know which really is the best solu- 
tion or combination for at least most of the specimens, so that such a 
preparation alone may be used. Such knowledge would tend to bring 
about not only a much-desired unity of procedure, but also a general 
understanding, at any stage, of the state of our material, so far as 
formalin preservation is concerned. The use of a single solution with 
well-known effects would regulate our records and methods, and allow 
of a degree of accuracy in weight determinations and measurements 
not now possible. 

With these facts in mind, and remembering the excellent work by 
Donaldson in 1894 on the physical changes in the brain produced by 
various preservatives in use before the introduction of formalin, the 
writer, in establishing a brain collection in the Department of Anthro- 
pology of the United States National Museum, has endeavored to make 
a series of tests with several solutions, the main component of which 
was Merck’s formalin. 

The material accruing to the brain collection of thé Museum is 
heterogeneous, ranging from man’s brains’ to those of the lowest 
mammals,” and from aged individuals to embryos, hence it was par- 
ticularly suitable for experiments. Besides this it is always possible 


“ Still other compositions were employed for the purposes of histology and pathol- 
ogy—see summary in Tellyesnitzki. Special methods, also, having no bearing on 
the theme of this paper, were devised for the preservation of the natural color of 
various organs. 

» See Dexler, p. 382, after Flatan; records of the weight of the brain in 1 per cent, 
5 per cent, and 10 per cent formalin solutions in 1, 3, 30, 90, 150, and 450 days. 

¢ Of these, unfortunately, not a sufficient number were received in good condition 
during the progress of the experiments. 

“The term ‘‘mammal”’ is used, for want of a better term, throughout this paper 
as a designation for other mammals than man. 


slaughtered animals. Utilizing both resources, a double plan was fol- 
lowed. A number of different formalin solutions was made up, some 
in concentrations used by other workers and a few empirically as to 
strength, and each solution was used on a series of brains as they were 
received, including specimens of every nature. The second proced- 
ure was to obtain a large number of brains, as far as possible in the 
same condition, from some one fair-sized animal, and to subject uni- 
form series of such brains to the action of different solutions. The 
results of this latter inquiry appear in the second part of this paper. 

There are numerous factors which, as Donaldson has already shown, 
affect the changes in the brain in the same solution. One of these is 
the degree of freshness of the brain; another is the temperature of 
the air (large differences); and still another is the presence or absence 
of the soft membranes. _ Only the last of these conditions was capable 
of being fully regulated in the National Museum collection. The 
subjects from which brains are here obtained come from different 
sources, and it is impossible to get all the brains equally fresh; and as 
to cold and heat, the collecting continues throughout the year, and the 
laboratories are not so fitted as to keep up an even temperature. Yet 
no specimens were included in the tests that were sufficiently advanced 
in decomposition to make their hardening and preservation doubtful; 
and the changes of temperature in the laboratory where the brain col- 
lection is stored would not exceed 40° F. as the maximum in the 
course of the year. The brain was always laid into the preservative 
with the soft membranes intact or but slightly injured. 

The regular procedure in cases of the first category was as follows: 
The brain, being extracted without the dura mater, was immediately 
weighed; the solution in which it was to be laid was prepared before- 
hand; a layer of absorbent cotton was placed on the bottom of the 
glass jar to be used, and a quantity of the preservative poured in; the 
brain was then placed into the solution, with its base downward on the 
cotton, so as to rest easily (the cerebellum and cerebrum in the larger 
brains being separated bya thin layer of cotton), anda sufficient quan- 
tity of the preservative was added to rise 1 to 14 inches above the speci- 
men. ‘The jar was then closed, labeled, and placed on a shelf, where 
it remained for one week. No injection through the arteries or into 
the ventricles was practiced, because it would have been impossible 
with all the specimens, and it was not found essential. On the eighth 
day the brain was taken out, drained in a fixed manner, and then 
weighed; the old cotton and solution were replaced with new, in same 
quantity, the brain was put back into the jar and placed again on the 
shelf. One month after receiving the specimen the same procedure 
was repeated. Other weighings were taken in some cases, during as 


248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


wellas after the first month, with always the same method of drainage, 
but without a change of solution. 

The method of draining steadily adhered to and applicable to speci 
mens of all sizes, is to take the brain carefully into one or both hands, 
and then swing the arms with a somewhat rapid motion from fore 
backward, by which most of the liquid attached to the brain is thrown 


off; this takes only a brief time, after which the brain is placed for - 


five minutes upon a dry cotton towel. This procedure gives a good 
and fairly uniform drainage, and is preferable to the use of funnels. 

In the second category of cases one of several additional procedures 
introduced was proportioning the quantity of the preservative, in 
cubic centimeters, to the weight of brains, in-grams. 

The solutions chosen for the specimens here dealt with were 3 per 
cent, 5 per cent, 10 per cent, and 15 per cent formalin (commercial 
solution of formaldehyde) in distilled water; two solutions of for- 
malin, 5 per cent, to which was added salt, in one case enough to raise 
the specific gravity to 1,035,¢ and in the other to 1,030; and in addi- 
tion the writer used several combinations of formalin with solutions of 
ordinary alum (potassium and aluminium sulphate), which was chosen 
for its astringent effects on organic tissues. In two series a saturated 
solution of alum?’ was mixed with one part of water, and in another 
witb two parts of water. 

‘The changes to which most attention was paid, and which probably 
represent best the physical changes, were, as with Donaldson, and 
Flatau, those of weight. The general and specific results follow: 

The changes in the weight of brains in all the mixtures showed 
(1) « characteristic type for every solution, and (2) a noticeable variation 
tor eEvErTY solution. 

(1) In every solution the first three to five days were with all brains 
the period of the most rapid changes in weight. In probably all of 
the solutions here reported upon, and with all brains, there was an 
initial stage of gain. This reached more or less promptly its maxi- 
mum, and was followed by a general, long-continuing loss. A period 
of stability was established but slowly. So far as the observations 
went (two years), absolute stability in weight of the specimens was not 
reached. In every solution the daily changes in the brain weight 
formed a characteristic curve. This will be better illustrated in 
Part II. 

In all the simple solutions of formalin in water, up to 15 per cent of 
the former (the strongest tested), the initial gain was well marked. 
It was larger with the weakest solution and decreased as the propor- 


“ Near the specific gravity of the whole brain: after Spitzka. 
» A saturated solution of alum was prepared by placing an excess of that salt in a 


large jar of water, stirring well, allowing the mixture to stand at ordinary tempera- 
ture for several days, and filtering just before using. 


| 


—— a 


No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 249 


tion of formalin increased, which showed that the effect of formalin on 
the brain was to hinder its enlargement (apparently due to water 
alone) and probably, in addition, to promote the loss of some of the 
constituents of the organ. After the culmination of the process of 
gain, which, as shown by further experiments, was always completed 
before nine days, a gradual progressive loss followed, which in per- 
centage was alike with the different solutions. The ultimate weight 
of the brain depends, in consequence of this similarity of loss, very 
largely on the height of the initial rise in weight. If this had been 
large, as with the 3 per cent solution, the ultimate weight (within two 
years) would still be above the original; but if the gain was smaller, 
as with the 15 per cent formalin solution, the ultimate weight of the 
specimen would be found more or less below its weight immediately 
after extraction from the skull. 

Whenever a marked increase in the weight of the brain took place, 
there was also a noticeable increase in its volume. 

The effect of adding alum or salt to formalin solutions was to 
decrease or, with larger quantities, almost entirely to do away with the 
initial gain, and to augment the subsequent absolute loss of brain weight. 
The percentage of the loss in weight, however, remained related to 
that in the simple formalin solutions. Simultaneously with the loss of 
weight in the stronger concentrations was also visible a decrease in 
the volume of the organ. No direct relation was found between 
these phenomena and the specific gravity of the solutions. It appears 
that alum, sodium chloride, and, according to more recent experiences, 
other salts also, as wellas,alcohol, act on the brain physically much like 
greater proportions of formaldehyde; hence the use of such means 
with formalin permits the obtaining of similar physical results with 
correspondingly smaller proportions of this chemical. 

Arenewal of the preservative generally affected slightly the changes 
in the brain, causing a temporary rise in weight. 

As to the rapidity of hardening and other visible changes in the 
brain, the differences between the several liquids were not great. A 
moderate toughening of the brain was in every one of the preserva- 
tives observable on the second day, and a good hardening, with fresh 
adult spécimens, was generally reached within a week. In the salt- 
formalin solution the brains were, at least for a time, slightly softer, 
in the alum-formalin solution slightly more resistant, than those pre- 
served in simple solutions of formalin of the samestrength. A higher 
percentage of formalin was favorable to a more rapid and perhaps a 
slightly greater hardening. On the whole, should one be given speci- 
mens of the same size, but each hardened in a different solution of 
those here dealt with, after they had lain a few months in the liquid, 
it would be quite inypossible by the hardening alone, as perceptible 
through the unaided touch, to distinguish any of the preparations. 


950 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


The hardening of small mammal and bird brains was effected much 
like that of the larger specimens. In hardening foetal human brains, 
the best results were obtained by the aid of stronger alum solutions. 

The color of the brain (except so far as it may be due to hemoglobin, 
which is bleached) was affected but little by any of the solutions em- 
ployed. Sodium chloride produced a lighter color or bleaching of the 
tissues; alum a slightly grayish tinge of the surface. Alum was more 
effective than salt in showing the differentiation of the gray and 
white matter. 

(2) With all the care exercised, the ratio of change in any given series 
in which the same preservative had been used was not uniform. <A 
large portion of the irregularity must be attributed to the physical 
status, and some probably to the chemical condition of the organ. 
When the two halves of any brain were treated in the same preserva- 
tive, the results were always much alike. 

The physical condition of the brain includes its size and the quan- 
tity of blood or other liquids it may contain. The size of the brain has 
been found in general to have a pronounced influence upon the weight 
and volume changes in the organ. The larger the brain, the smaller 
the per gram changes, and the opposite. While there are individual 
exceptions, the cases conforming to the rule (see detail tables) are too 
numerous to leave any doubt on this point. What the causes of this 
phenomenon are is not yet clear, though presumably the larger brains 
have a firmer structure—that is, could better resist absorption’—and 
the very small brains are of necessity preserved in relatively much 
larger quantities of fluid, which may aid solution. It is possible that 
it is mainly if not entirely the size which accounts for the differences 
between the changes in three principal series of brains—those of human 
beings, of mammals, and of birds—but this needs further experimenta- 
tion before a final decision can be obtained. 

The degree of brain congestion must be a factor affecting the brain 
changes, but not enough specimens came to hand to throw much light 
on this point. Theoretically, a congested brain ought to gain less and 
lose more than a normal one, in any preservative. Higher degrees of 
congestion, not uncommon in human specimens, are rare in other 
larger mammals and are practically never met with in the smaller 
animals. 

Besides the differences in the changes of various brains in the same 
preservative, accountable for by marked differences in the physical 
characteristics of the organ, others are met with harder to explain. 
In some instances, as with Lepus euniculus, Cathartes aura, and a few 
others (see detailed lists), there is a suggestion that the difference 


“In a number of instances the hemispheres of small brains, preserved in weak for- 


malin solution (1 or 2 per cent) in the laboratory, have burst through the great 
absorption. 


iti 


Bi 


No. 1451. BRAIN, S AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 2 5 if 


may be that of species, which t opens a large field of inquiry. Tue in 
other instances, members of the same species, and that even wher 
collected and preserved under much the same conditions, show pro- 
nounced differences, and these can hardly be accounted for on other 
basis than chemical. The following figures show two such instances, 
(1) in human and (2) in bear’s brains: 


3months. 
6 months. 
9months. 


A=brain of a full-blooded negro woman. Received Oct. 6, 1903. Original weight 1,066 grams. 
B=brain of a mixed-blooded (about 3 white, 14 negro) woman, Received Oct. 14, 1903. Original weight 1,106 grams, 


Fic. 1.—CURVES SHOWING DIFFERENCES IN WEIGHT CHANGES OF TWO HUMAN BRAINS IN 5 PER CENT 
FORMALIN SOLUTIONS. 


The principal source of chemical difference between brains capa- 
ble of affecting their behavior in preservatives is, undoubtedly, 
decomposition. Concerning individual or perhaps even racial chem- 
ical differences in the organ, before decomposition, there is as yet no 


a 


1 month. 


ov 
2 
e 
Sal 


/ : 


plat Loe sk Sea Dense vs Pde 


Pepi -~ 6 months. 


ae eed 9 Months, 


A oid EES eS 


‘fiir Nes ER bc is Sa ae ee Be eee es 
T 


ieee 


A, Cat. No. 224387, U.S.N.M., Ursus torquatus. B, Cat. No. 224386, U.S.N.M., Ursus torquatus. 


Fic. 2.—CURVES SHOWING DIFFERENCES IN WEIGHT CHANGES OF TWO BEAR BRAINS IN 3 PER CENT 
FORMALIN SOLUTION, 


knowledge. The subject presents an attractive and important field 
for investigation. 

The behavior of the brains of the young differs, in general, from that 
of the adults in the various solutions. Most of the young show a greater 
initial increase in weight and all suffer a greater eventual loss (see fig. 3). 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


252 


‘NOILATOS NITVWUOd LNAO Ad & NI SLHDIAM NIV NI STDNVHO DNIMOHS STAMNDN—’S “DLT 


SSS Sse ‘TRUIULB IY ie a Le OE 


Es Bas fy 
et 15> i ate | }} 

: a a } 

re a 

i = oo om We Ba ye ae ada 

ep GA SR ESE 2 SB Sahel” 


“quo aad OTT 


EE ogg en ee ee LORS RS Se 

hereiet: in* at he oh. 

pas oe ES as Se Oe ae AE oe = ta 

Etter eg ee mat 
t EY eae sc f 


“quad Jad Oat 
“quad .ad (gT 


“quad tod OFT 


Se SU SERS 


*suvadk % 


“avok I ‘out I “MMT 


eee: BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. oS 


BRIEF DETAILS CONCERNING THE VARIOUS PRESERVATIVES. 
THREE PER CENT FORMALIN SOLUTION. 


All specimens increased in weight, mammal brains more than 
human; brains of the young, human and mammal, increased more 
than those of adults. A decrease in weight in all classes of specimens 

set in within the first month and continued slowly as far as observed 
: (two years). In every instance the weight of the brain at the end of 
two years was still greater than the original. 


110 } 
per cent ig 


120 


| 1 week, 1 month, 61st day. 
| 1st change 2d change 
of solution. of solution. 


| Cat. No, 224803, U.S.N.M. Phoca vitul, 3 per cent formalin. 
Fic. 4.—CURVE SHOWING CHANGES IN BRAIN WEIGHTS IN 3 PER CENT FORMALIN SOLUTION, 


FIVE PER CENT FORMALIN SOLUTION. 


All specimens rose in weight, but the young, at least, less so than 
in the 3 per cent solution; mammal brains augmented more than 
human; some of the brains of the young showed a greater increase, 
some a little less than the ‘average of the corresponding series of 
adults. A decrease in weight in all specimens set in within the first 
month, and continued slowly for at least eighteen months. At the end 
of one to one and one-half years the weight of the adult human and: 
mammal brains was in most instances still above the original: in the 
case of the young, in one human and one mammal it was above, in one 
human and one mammal well below, the original. 


K 
ia) 
by 
4 
° 
> 


S OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Y 
a 


PROCEEDING 


254 


‘NOILATOS NITVNUOK INGO Uad G NI SLHDIAM NIVUA NI SHDNVHO DNIMOHS SHAUNO—DG “DIY 
--occce ‘SUnOA ‘s[VULUTBL eo LLL O Ae aU LET Fo 


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255 


“NOILOTOS NITVWHOA INGO wad G NI SLHDIOM NIVUA NI SHDNVHO YNIMOHS SHATAD—"gQe “OIA 


SS SSS ‘SaNpeB ‘spBUTUTRyy ee ope) weomnry 


haere 


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Bi as 2 a 


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rg ee en cop Se 


a 


“‘queo Jad 0Zt 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLIN CKA. 


No. 1451. 


PDA LLG LLG LON OOM a 


VOL. XXX. 


ATIONAL MUSEUM. 


a 
= 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE N 


“NOILOTOS NITVNWHOA INA Add OT NI SLHDIGAM NIVUA NI SHDNVHO DNIMOHS SHAHNDN—'9 “YLT 


Mipsis wea og ‘s}[npe ‘spalg ———— — — ‘s}[npe ‘seme 


SGRSSE eae 22S eRe e ee Bw 
ee 
nn nen eee penne 


ee a 
aa pt ; ; 
Lad See ae : ml z 
=. oF 3 3 


1 9ua0 Jad OTT 


ga* 4 4uU99 sad ost 


*sauvat SI “ava dt I “OuLT “HAT 


257 


¥ 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 


No, 1451. 


“NOILO IOS NITVWHOU INA Ud GL NI SLHDIGM NIVUE NI SHONVHO ONIMOHS SHAUNDN—'L “DIY 


o— + ms ee ‘Sunod ‘s[eulUe 


‘ 


W ee ‘y;upe ‘Sprig. eo, Se ee For ‘[npe S[BULULB JY 
- - - 7 =a a 7 ' "quad od og 


Ss eee oe 


4 "quad ed 06 


EE te as Beg Se eta aa 


ab aN Qn er 


Eee ck eee 


=} "gu90 10d OTT 


[REE SE sae ee 3 EERE F 


ae ee es oe eR SE oes ea. Rea ee i pene eters cen mre ee eet 


2 


al ES Sie SL ge SS pat eprer ee 


“quad tad (grt 


——t} -nur90 0d 01 


Proc. N. M. vol. 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATI ONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


TEN PER CENT AND 15 PER CENT FORMALIN SOLUTIONS. 


In these the number of mammals was rather small and all were of 
small size, which had an effect on the figures. All the specimens 
‘nereased in weight. as in the 3 per cent and 5 per cent formalin solu- 
tions, during the early part of the first month, and slowly and con- 
tinuously declined afterwards. The ultimate weight reached was in 
every case, and particularly in the 15 per cent liquid, lower than with 
the weaker solutions. It was greater in the birds than in the mammals. 
Experiments on the larger and more uniform brains of sheep showed 
plainly a progressively less initial augmentation and lower subsequent 
fall in weight with the increase in strength of the formalin to 10 and 
15 per cent. 


1,030 anp 1,035 SPECIFIC GRAVITY SALT SOLUTIONS, WITH 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


These two solutions acted practically alike; the 1,030 sp. gr. liquid 
was more largely used, for the reason that fewer brains will float in it. 


90 per cent. 


80 per cent. 


70 per cent. Balti a : : : Pot 

Mammals, adult, — — — — — — Birds, adult, ...--..--------- 

Fic. 8.—CURVES SHOWING CHANGES IN BRAIN WEIGHTS IN 1,030 SPECIFIC GRAVITY SALT FORMALIN 
SOLUTION, 


Only adult mammal and bird brains were preserved in the solution, no 
normal human or young specimens having reached the laboratory — 
while it was being employed. A large majority of brains in both | 
series showed at the end of the first week a decided loss in weight, 


259 


Gale 


ATIVES—HRDLICK 


v 


7 
2: 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERY 


No. 1451. 


% 
and this gradually progressed. The bird brains showed greater loss 


than those of mammals. 


On the whole the effects of the solution 


resemble those of the alum-formalin combinations. 


ONE-HALF SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM, WITH 9 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


The various series of specimens in this solution behaved in the same 


way as those in one-half saturated solution of alum with 10 per cent 


aes es Bs 


son EA ER Bilan ek OS RS EES 


“syUOUI 6 — -—+ ~ ot Sek et ce 


ESI Site Bee Shae) Bh 

a LES Se Yt eee cer ceeanne Sy tome 
; ae hh a Sa ae ae Boas 
Peet oe it ; 

ESE OE SE : dee 
ne pe tt 
; 


i poe ak Seats Saha arg nuke gee tie ei ; 
Es Ses Son Se Gees eon Leesocee anes | Wie toey Wane re cee cane eso on eee 
Te See : oF : 


$ et ; cod 
ek a a He on a (oe ms everett among eaiurarat bane 


Bee a ne Ree) eee Yur waren ene 


“yquour [ P——————— 


ie oe 


2 

E r. 3 ¥ “e 
oa eer eran once te tin 

ore eels Ce ae OES Pas See ew 


ee? pee te 
reeset nent en Hertha oconnipasny 


90 per cent 
80 per cent 
70 per cent 


Mammals, 


Mammals, adult, —— — — — 
Fre. 9.—Cu 


young, — - 


BITS adit sens seee see cise 


SOLUTION OF ALUM, 


S IN ONE-HALF SATURATED 


WEIGHT: 


ES IN BRAIN 


RVES SHOWING CHANG 


PER CENT FORMALIN. 


) 


WITH 


formalin, except that the loss was throughout slightly less. An 


ased amount of formalin with this alum solution favored some- 


what a loss of weight of the specimens. 


Incre 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. XXX, 


ONE-HALF SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM, WITH 10 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


At the end of the first week one human specimen showed a small 
increase, another a slight diminution in weight; among the mammals, 
two adults and two young showed a very slight increase, the rest of 
the mammals and all the birds a decrease in the original weight. 
Apparently there was an initial rise, but it was slight and of short 


sh. 


ra 
ai 2 z 
® S 2 
E, iS th 
102 —_ et ne 
Aon ecet 
UR BS Ta 
Mee 
Aes 
a ———— 
‘o 


| _— 


PrST CLs dd 
——_ 
=i 


, : t 
Li poset ee te tei eld 


er SRR 
a ae fn CR 


90 per cent. ——— 


th vee Oe 
Hid i a RES SEH A SS 
80 per cent. 2 : z << 
- ; aan SF ° 
IMMER SRB MEES TL mk 
hy i aH j 
Re? Sage. } 


70 per cent. 


Human, adult, 


Mammals, adult, —— — — — — 
Birds, adult, 


Mammals, young, - —- —- —- = 


F1G, 10.—CURVES SHOWING CHANGES IN BRAIN WEIGHS IN ONE-HALF SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM, 
WITH 10 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


duration. The brains of adult birds lost more than those of full-grown 


mammals, and these lost more than the adult human brains. Brains 
of young mammals lost more than those of full-grown. The ultimate 
deficiency in weight was greater than in any of the simple formalin 
solutions. 


ONE-THIRD SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM, WITH 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


This preservative influenced the weight in the various series of 
specimens much as did the one-half saturated alum solutions, only the 
loss of weight.was on the whole still slightly smaller. The one adult 
human brain preserved in this liquid showed a slight initial increase, 
but in the mammal and bird brains there was at the end of a week in 


“No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATI VES—HRDLICK A, 261 


most cases already a decided loss. The brains of the young, both 
human and mammal, with one exception, lost more than those of the 
adults. The brains of adult mammals and birds behaved generally 
much alike in this solution. 


Human, adult, 


Mammals, adult, — — — — — — Birds, adult, 


alate Solution of Qin wih 54 Soulalin 


80 per 
cent. 


Ns Satiinatin Sobution of Qhanr wrth 5. J0$) allan, i ; 
Age a eeees gas ies 
' 
| | 
| | | 
\ > | | { 1 4 
R | | | | 
\ i i i 
90 per 
eent. t | 
ease | 
GEIL ia 
Si oe ete ! 
Peers St i : | 
80 per i A ES Seine =o 
cent. ! i Booey desta E | | 
aes j 


fa Ss ies 
: 


Mammals, young, —— — — __ _ 


Human, young, 


Fig. 11.—CURVES SHOWING CHANGES IN BRAIN WEIGHTS IN ONE-THIRD SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM 
WITH 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


The data here recorded make it plain that no single formalin brain 
preservative meets all the requirements, even for macroscopical pur- 
poses alone. If it issdesired to preserve specimens of a mixed (human 
and comparative) collection near their actual weight and volume, two 


962 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


or three solutions of different concentration for brains of widely differ- 
ent mass would seem to be needed. 

Highly diluted (less than 5 per cent) and again highly concentrated 
(over 15 per cent) formalin solutions, and large additions of salts, are 
disadvantageous and ought not to be employed. 

Addition of alum to the formalin solution favors the process of hard- 
ening, and is to be recommended in preserving brains of the young, 
particularly of human foetuses. 

Among the numerous points left to be determined are the effects of 
additional solutions, the influence of different quantities of the pre- 
servative, and the exact daily changes during the first month at least 
in the specimens. Experiments made in the laboratory during the 
past summer with fifteen series of sheep brains and reported in Part 
II, will throw some light on these matters. 

The changes in individual brains of this first series are given in the 
following tables: 


~ 


263 


AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 


S 


x 
A 


BRAIN 


No. 1451. 


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BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDL 


No. 1451. 


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ENTE MT 


VOL. XXX. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


266 


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ATIVES 


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pLiyy-aug, -wounjoy 


PART IT 


PHYSICAL CHANGES IN SHEEP BRAINS COLLECTED AND PRE- 
SERVED UNDER SIMILAR CONDITIONS IN VARIOUS FORMALIN 
PREPARATIONS. 


The first part of this paper dealt with the effects of formalin pre- 
servatives on the weight of human, other mammal, and bird brains, 
adult as well as young, collected under various conditions. The results 
in any solution, although more or less characteristic for that particu- 
lar liquid, were by no means uniform. It was found that, in general, 
the changes in the large brains were less than in the small ones, and 
those in the adult less than in the young. Some of the differences 
may eventually be found to be those of species or larger subdivisions 
of the animal kingdom; but beyond all this there was seen a consider- 
able and unaccountable variation. This element was recognized long 
before the first experiments were completed. It rendered desirable 
a separate series of observations on the brains of some fair-sized animal, 
collected equally fresh, extracted and subsequently treated in the same 
manner, and kept in proportionately the same quantities of the presery- 
ative. Under such conditions the action of the various preservatives 
should be much clearer and more comparable, and the differences in 
the changes be reduced to the minimum; if noticeable disagreements 
still existed, they would point to differences in the structure of the 
brains or in their chemical composition. 

“It became possible to undertake the series of experiments during 
the early part of the summer just past. An arrangement was made 
with one of the city butchers to deliver every morning a small series 
of heads of sheep killed the night preceding. The brains, with the 
help of the laboratory aid, Mr. Docekal, were extracted in as short a 
time as possible and in the same manner (see Part I), then weighed and 
placed in a proportioned quantity of the preservative. Fifteen series 
were determined upon and the specimens were secured in a little over 
two weeks, during quite uniformly warm weather. Every series 
except two, which were smaller, consisted of eleven brains. Ten of 
the specimens were placed in a quantity of the preserative amount- 
ing to 3 c. c. for each gram weight of the specimen, while with one 
the quantity to the gram was made 6c. c. Of the brains in 3 ¢. ¢. to 
the gram liquid, one of about average dimension was weighed every 
day the same hour, while the remaining nine and also the eleventh 
specimen were weighed at the end of seven and again at the end of 


277 


. : 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


thirty days. Other weighings, as indicated in the detail tables, were 
taken thereafter. At the end of the seventh and the thirtieth day the 
solution and cotton were changed, as is done with all specimens in the 
museum collection. The drainage of each specimen was as uniform 
as practicable by the method outlined in the first part of this paper. 

The solutions employed were: 

1. Three per cent formalin. 

2, Five per cent formalin. 

3. Ten per cent formalin. 

4. Fifteen per cent formalin. 

5. Saturated solution of common salt with 5 per cent formalin. 

6. 1,030 sp. gr. common salt solution with 5 per cent formalin. 

7. 1,015 sp. gr. common salt solution with 5 per cent formalin, 

8. Saturated solution of alum with 5 per cent formalin. 

9. One-third saturated solution of alum with 5 per cent formalin. 

10. One-fifth saturated solution of alum with 5 per cent formalin. 

11. One-third saturated solution of alum with common salt up to sp. 
er. 1,030, with 10 per cent formalin. 

12. Saturated solution of alum with 5 per cent formalin. 

13. Eighty parts of 95 per cent alcohol and 20 parts of 5 per cent 
formalin. 

14. Sixty-five parts of 95 per cent alcohol and 35 parts of 3 per cent 
formalin (near that of Parker & Floyd). 

15. Sodium acetate 130 grams, sodium chloride 110 grams, formalin 
20 c. c.,95 per cent, alcohol 460 ¢. c., water 540 c. c. (Stroud, Wilder). 

The results, in detail, were as follows: 


THREE PER CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: The weight of brains in the 3 ¢. ¢. to the gram 
solution had risen in average 21 per cent, or over one-fifth of the 
original. Variation: From 118.55 per cent (specimen of 102 grams 
original weight) to 123.9 per cent (specimen of 102.5 grams)=5.37 
per cent. The two heaviest brains (117.5 and 110.5 grams) gained, 
respectively, 20 and 18.55 per cent in weight, the two lightest ones 
(94 and 93.2 grams) 20.2 and 22.1 per cent. The brain in the 6. ¢. 
to the gram solution (100.5 grams original weight) increased 18.9 
per cent, less than any other except one of the heaviest specimens, 
and the one weighed every day, which may have been affected thereby. 

End of first month: Weight of five of the nine brains in the 3 e. ¢. 
to the gram solution is very slightly greater (+0.08 to +0.44 per 
cent); of three, slightly smaller (—0.42 to —1.15 per cent), and of 
one, equal. Variation: From 117.19 to 124.02 per cent“=6.8 per cent. 
The changes were not quite harmonious with those of the first week, 
or proportionate to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6 


“ As compared with original weight. 


S—HRDLICKA. 279 


ATIVE: 


r 
a 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESER| 


No. 1451. 


"NOILATOS NITVNHOA LNAO Udd § NI SNIVUA dAAHS NI SHONVHO LHSIAM DNIMOHS FAYIDN— ZL “OV 


“Ay1IVp poysrom ‘ureiq daeys T 


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*(aoTy NOS 40 asuBYyo Ps) 
UQUOU T 


*(uo1yn[os yo asueyo Ist) 
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"quad ad OT 


"quan tod OZT 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


ee ne 
c. c. to the gram solution lost most and is now relatively the lightest 
of the whole series, excepting the one weighed every day. 

The brain weighed daily showed a great gain during the first day, 
reached maximum on the fifth, and began to decline on the seventh; 
after change of solution it rose during two days, and then again began 
to lose, which was repeated identically after the one-month change. 


FIVE PER CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Weight of brains in 3 ¢. ¢. to the gram solution 
had risen in average 17.9 per cent, or a little over one-sixth of the 
original. Variation: From 116.12 (specimen of 119.7 grams original 
weight) to 120 per cent (specimen of 99 grams original weight)=3.88 
per cent. The two heaviest brains (119.7 and 117 grams) gained, 
respectively, 16.1 and 18.4 per cent in weight, the two lightest ones 
(98.5 and 95.5 grams) 17.8 and 19.4 per cent. The brain in the 6 c. ¢. 
to the gram solution (100.5 grams original weight) had risen 18.9 per 
cent; that weighed every day 17.8 per cent. 

End of first month: Only one specimen showed a slight gain (+-1.08 
per cent), while in eight there was a loss (—0.86 to —2.39 per cent). 
Variation: From 113.87 to 119.66 per cent=5.79 per cent. The 
changes were not quite harmonious with those of the first week, or 
proportionate to the weight of the specimen. The brain in the 6 c. ¢. 
to the gram solution lost 2.09 per cent, that weighed daily 2.39 per 
cent of weight, both above the average. 

The brain weighed daily gained much on the first day, reached a 
maximum on the fourth day, declined slowly to seventh, rose after 
change of solution during two days, fell gradually to the end of the 
first month, then, after a “Shange of solution, rose one day and has been 
slowly losing since. 


TEN PER CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Weight of brains in 3 c. ¢. to the gram solution 
had risen in average 15 per cent, or nearly one-seventh of the original. 
Variation: From 112.84 (original weight, 97.5 grams) to 116.87 per cent 
(original weight, 80 grams)=4.03 per cent. The two heaviest brains 
(112 and 110.5 grams) gained, respectively, 14.73 and 15.38 per cent, 
the two lightest (96.5 and 80 grams) 15.54 and 16.87 per cent. The 
brain in the 6c. c. to the gram solution (125 grams original weight) 
gained but 14 per cent of weight, that weighed daily (102 grams orig- 
inal weight) 16.17 per cent. 

End of first month: The weight of one of the nine specimens in 3 
c. ¢. to the gram solution has very slightly (+-0.45 per cent) increased, 
that of the other eight slightly to moderately (—1.07 to —3.29 per 
cent) decreased. Variation: From 110.31 to 115.63 per cent=5.32 
per cent. The changes did not quite harmonize with those of the first 


| 


281 


¥ 


—HRDLICK A. 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES 


No. 1451. 


“ATIVp poypsraa OTE OBEN) ee ‘sJ0p Aq payevorpur spolied ye peysiom ‘SUIB, 


‘NOILOTOS NITVWHOA LINGO uad G*NI SNIVUA dAAHS NI SHONVHO LHSIAM DNIMOHS FAPNO—'ET “Dy 


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quad Jad ogr 


VOL. XXX. 


ATIONAL MUSEUM. 


— 
we 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE N 


282 


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yjuoui T yao T 


‘quao sad OTT 


‘quad sad Oat 


No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 283 


week nor were they proportionate to the weight of the specimens. 
The brain in the 6 ¢. ¢. to the gram solution lost 1.05 per cent in 
weight, that weighed daily 3.38 per cent. 

Changes in the brain weighed every day: Considerable rise the first 
twenty-four hours, continuation of rise until the sixth day, then slow 
decline; a moderate rise of two days’ duration after the first and of 
one day after the second change of solution. 


FIFTEEN PER CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Weight of specimens in 3 c. c. to the gram solution 
had risen in average nearly 13 per cent, or one-eighth of the original. 
Variation: From 107.61 (original weight, 98.5 grams) to 116.48 per 
cent (original weight, 91 grams)=8.87 per cent. The two heaviest 
brains (119 and 111.8 grams) gained, respectively, 12.1 and 13.5 per 
cent, the two lightest ones (94 and 91 grams) 11.7 and 16.4 per cent. 
The brain in the 6 ¢. c. to the gram liquid (original weight, 97 grams) 
gained but 9.08 per cent, less than any of the above with one excep- 
tion, that weighed daily (original weight, 105.5 grams) gained but 8.53 
per cent. 

End of first month: Weight of all the nine specimens in 3c. ¢. to 
the gram solution has diminished (—0.88 to 2.31 per cent). Variation: 
From 105.58 to 115.38 per cent=9.8 per cent. The changes are 
fairly harmonious with those of the first week, but are not propor- 
tionate to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6 ¢. c. to the 
gram solution lost 5.95 per cent, much more than any of the above, 
that weighed daily 3.49 per cent, also more than any of those in similar 
quantity of solution but weighed less frequently. 

Changes in the brain weighed daily: A moderate rise in weight 
during the first twenty-four hours, maximum of rise on fourth day, 
then slow, continuing loss; one day’s rise after each change of solution. 


SATURATED SOLUTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, WITH 5 PER CENT 
FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Weight of brains in the 3 c. c. to the gram solu- 
tion had diminished in average by 7 per cent, or one-fourteenth of the 
original. Variation: From 90.33 (original weight, 95.2 grams) to 
95.19 per cent (original weight, 104 grams)=4.86 per cent. The two 
heaviest brains (107.7 and 105 grams) lost, respectively, 6.6 and 5.72 
per cent; the two lightest (89.7 and 84.5 grams) 5.8 and 5.9 per cent. 
The specimen in the 6 c. c. to the gram solution (original weight, 95.5 
grams) lost 6.8 per cent, that weighed every day 7.9 per cent. 

End of first month: Weight of all nine brains in the 3 c. ¢. to the 
gram solution decreased (—3.15 to 5.23 per cent). Variation: From 
85.61 to 91.82 per cént=6.2 per cent. The decrease was quite alike 
in most of the nine specimens and harmonized somewhat with that of 


VOL. XXX. 


AL MUSEUM. 


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a 


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284 


‘NOILATOS NITVYNUOT INGO Ud CT NI SNIVUA TITHS NI STONVHO LHOITM ONIMOHS JANAD—'CT ‘OIA 
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No, 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 285 


the first week, but was not proportionate to the original weight. The 
brain in the 6 c. c. to the gram solution fell to 90.05 per cent of origi- 
nal weight; after which it diminished until it became relatively the 
lightest of all; that weighed every day was damaged and discarded at 
first change. 


1,030 SPECIFIC GRAVITY SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION WITH 5 PER 
CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Two of the nine brains in the 3 ¢. ¢. to the gram 
solution showed a slight increase, seven a slight decrease, in weight. 
Variation: From 93.86 (original weight, 106 grams) to 104.2 per cent 
(original weight, LO7 grams)=10.34 per cent. The two heaviest brains 
(112 and 107 grams) gained, respectively, 2.68 and 4.2 per cent, the two 
lightest (95 and 94 grams) lost 1.58 and 3.73 per cent in weight. The 
brain in the 6c. c. to the gram solution (original weight, 105 grams) 
lost 5.72 per cent, more than any of the above but one, and that 
weighed every day (original weight, 103 grams), lost 2.92 per cent in 
weight. 

End of first month: All the brains in the 3 ¢. c. to the gram solu- 
tion lost slightly in weight after the end cf the first week (—1.3 to 
—3.72 per cent), but two are still slightly heavier than originally. 
Variation: From 92.45 to 102.33 per cent=9.88 per cent. The changes 
were not wholly harmonious with those during the first week, or pro- 
portionate to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6 c. ec. to 
the gram solution lost more than any but two of the above (2.02 per 
cent) and is now relatively the lightest; that weighed every day lost 3 
per cent and is now also among the relatively lightest specimens. 

Changes in the brain weighed daily: The first day a very slight loss 
of weight, which continued slowly till the first change (the first day 
after which there was an insignificant gain) and then up to the one 
month change (which produced no result). After the thirty-fifth day 
there were two weeks of stability, with a slight loss following. 


1,015 SPECIFIC GRAVITY SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION WITH 5 PER 
CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Weight of brains in 3 c. c. to the gram solution 
had risen in average a little less than 2 per cent, or a little less than 


_ one-fiftieth of the original. Variation: From 101.29 (original weight, 


116 grams) to 102.45 per cent (original weight, i102 grams)=1.2 per 
cent. The brain in 6 c. c. to the gram solution, (123 grams original 
weight) rose 2.03 per cent; that weighed daily (11.4 grams original 
weight) 1.31 per cent. 
End of first month: Weight of both specimens in 3c. c. to the gram 
solution has diminished (—1.43 per cent and —1.7 per cent). Varia- 
_tion=1.41 per cent. The specimen in 6 c.c. to the gram solution 


. " 


‘ 
‘NITVNUOd INAO UAd G HLIM AGIMOTHO WAIGOS AO NOILATOS CALVUOLYS NI SNIVUA dAAHS NI SHDNVHO LHOIAM DNIMOHS AAMND— OL “Old 


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ial 
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5 


“A[Tep posta ‘uresiq dooys T — — twrq daays 6 JO asRIAY 


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


*(uoTgN[OS Jo asunyo) *(uoTQNIOS jo azurnyo) 


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. 


286 


“quad sad 0g 


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No. 1451. 


“NOILOTOS LIVS NITVWUOA ALIAVUD OTATIONdS OSO'T NI SNIVU daTHS NI SHONVHO LHOIGM DNIMOHS TAMNO— LT D1 


“ATIBp poySioa ‘ureaq dooys T 


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288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 
(original weight, 123 grams) lost 2.39 per cent in weight, more than 
either of the above; while that weighed daily (original weight, 114 
grams) lost even more, or exactly 3.03 per cent. 

The brain weighed daily fell very slightly in weight during the first 
day, rose slightly during the next two days (reaching maximum the 
third day), remained stationary the fourth day and then began to lose. 
It rose the first dey after a change of solution, remained one day sta- 
tionary, and then lost slightly, gained again a little, and then con- 
tinued to lose to the end of the first month. No rise followed the one 
month change, the specimen remaining stationary in weight for one 

day, and then went on losing. 


SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM WITH 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Weight of brains in 3 ce. c. to the gram solution had 
fallen in average nearly 23 per cent, or nearly one-fourth of the original. 
Variation: From 74.27 (original weight 103 grams) to 81.74 per cent 
(original weight 115 grams) =7.47 per cent. The two heaviest brains 
(115 and 109.7 grams) lost, respectively, 18.26 and 23.25 per cent in 
weight, the two lightest ones (92 and 88 grams) 21.74 and 23.87 per 
cent. The brain in the 6c. c. to the gram solution (original weight 
125.2 grams), the largest specimen in the series, lost but 17.74 per 
cent, hence less than any other; that weighed every day (original 
weight 101 grams) lost 25.75 per cent, which is more than any of the 
remaining nine in same solution. 

End of one month: All of the brains in the 8 ¢. ¢. to the gram 
liquid had suffered noticeably further loss, and that from 4.86 to 9.04 
per cent. Variation: From 64.08 to 74.45 per cent =10.37 per cent. | 
The changes were not harmonious with those of the first week nor 
proportionate to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6c. e. 
to the gram solution, though large, lost considerable (10.68 per cent); 
and that weighed every day became relatively lightest but one of all 
those in the 3 ¢. c. to the gram solution. 

The brain weighed every day showed a great loss during the first 
twenty-four hours, lost slowly and steadily for eighteen days, remained 
nearly stationary during next thirty days, and then lost slightly again. 
The day after each change of solution an insignificant rise took place. 


ONE-THIRD SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM WITH 5 PER CENT 
FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Four of the nine brains in the 3 e. c. to the gram 
solution showed a very slight increase (+ 0.42 to +0.90 per cent), five 
a slight decrease (—1.48 to —2.59 per cent). Variation: From 97.41 
(original weight 116 grams) to 100.9 per cent (original weight 110 
grams) =3.49 per cent. The two heaviest brains (120 and 116.5 grams) © 
showed, respectively, 100.42 and 97.85 per cent; the two lightest ones” 


haw 


vals 


1K 


¥ 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATI VES—HRDLIC 


No. 1451. 


‘NOILNTOS NITVYNUOd LTYS ALIAVUS OMIONdS CTO‘T NI SNIVUd daaHS NI SHDNVHO LTHSIAM DSNIMOHS TAMNO—'ST “SI 


“<TI@p payStom ‘urerq dooyps T — ‘sjop Aq po}eorput sporszod ye pey soa ‘sureiq daays z JO oSvIDAY 


“‘gueo Jad ort 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—(06——19 


“sep 09 *(uo1ynyos Jo oSueyp) *(uorqnjos Jo esuvyo) 
yuu oom T 


‘NITVWUOd AO LNAO Ud G HLIM WATVY dO NOILATIOS GHLVUOLVS NI SNIVAA dUXHS NI SAYNVHO LHDIIM DNIMOHS aAUNO—6I 
< ‘ . . 
A[tep poysrom ‘ureiq daoys T — — a EAT E: ‘sjop Aq poyBoIpUr spolod 7B poySiom ‘sureiq dooys 6 JO adB1VAY 


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=| quao aed cg 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


“quad Jad 6 


“sup 09 


*(uoTy NOS jo axsunyo) *(uoTgny}os Jo esuryo 
yjguouw [ F Soon I m 


290 


No.1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICK A. 291 


(103 and 97 grams), 98.54 and 100.51 per cent of their original weight. 
(There is no relation apparent at this stage between the changes and 
weight of the specimens, but ultimately the originally heaviest brain 
showed, with one exception only, the least loss, the lightest brain the 
greatest loss. The specimen in the 6c. ¢. to the gram solution (original 
weight 122 grams) lost 2.05 per cent, with two slight exceptions, more 
than any of the above; that weighed daily (original weight 108 grams) 
losing 4.17 per cent, or more than any other specimen in the whole 
series. 

End of first month: The weight of the specimens in 3 e. c. to the 
gram solution had diminished from 4.15 to 11.27 per cent (the heaviest 
brain losing least, the lightest most). Variation: From 89.17 to 96.25 
per cent =7.08 per cent. The changes were not harmonious with 
those of the first week nor proportionate to the original weight of the 
brains. The specimen in the 6 c. c. to the gram solution lost 5.44 per 
cent more than the majority of the above, that weighed daily 11.11 
per cent more than any but one in the whole series. 

Changes in the brain weighed every day: A slight increase in 
weight the first twenty-four hours, followed by gradual, steady 
decrease, apparently not affected by either of the changes of solution. 


ONE-FIFTH SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM WITH 5 PER CENT 
FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Weight of one of the nine brains in the oCs C2 GO 
the gram solution had very slightly decreased, of one it was the same as 
original, and it had slightly increased (0.43 to 3.12 per cent) with the seven 
remaining. Variation: From 99.09 (original weight 109.5 grams) to 
103.12 per cent (original weight 96 grams) =4.03 per cent. The two 
heaviest brains (116 and 115 grams) had gained in weight, respectively, 
| 0.43 and 0.87 per cent, the two lightest (99 and 96 grams) 3.08 and 3.12 

percent. The brain in the 6 ¢. ¢. to the gram solution (original weight 
; 126 grams) had lost 1.59 per cent, or more than any of the above, while 
| that weighed daily (original weight 100.2 grams) gained 1.99 per cent. 
| End of first month: All of the nine brains of the first group had lost 
| in weight (7.35 to 12.83 per cent). Variation: From 87.56 to. 95.45 
| per cent =7.89 per cent. The changes, while not differing greatly, 

‘were not harmonious with those of the first week nor proportionate 
| to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6c. c. to the gram 
‘Solution lost in weight 7.66 per cent, that weighed daily 9.76 per cent, 
or more than any other in the whole series. 

Changes in the brain weighed daily: A moderate increase, reaching 
Maximum on the third day, and then a slow continuous loss, not 
‘affected by the changes of solution. 


Fi 5 


“NITYWHOd JO INH UTd G HLIM WATV JO NOILATIOS CILVUALVS GUIHL-~ANO NI SNIVUA dITHS NI SHONVHO LHOIAM ONIMOHS AAUAQ—0Z “OTT 
‘ATLep poystoa ‘ureriq dsoys T — — — — — — — ‘s}op Aq poxBOIpUr spotiod 4B poysStIoM ‘suLBIq daays 6 JO oSBIDAY 


“quad zed 0g 


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qquowi T yao T 


293 


‘NITVWHOd JO INAO Utd GC HLIM WATY JO NOILATOS GILVUALYS HiMIld-ANO NI SNIVUA dHXHS NI SHONVHO LHDIAM ONIMOHS FAUNO—'TZ ‘OT 
-A[Iep poystom ‘urviq deoys [T — — = — — — — : ‘slop Aq poyBolpurl spoted 4v poystom ‘sureiq doays 6 Jo osvIBAY 


= 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 


*(uoTgNLOS jo asuvyo) 
yyaouy,L 


*(uorT} NOS jo asuvyo) 
oem T 


No. 1451. 


294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 
ONE-THIRD SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM WITH SODIUM CHLORIDE 
TO 1,030 SPECIFIC GRAVITY, AND 10 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: The brains in the group of nine in the 3 c.c. to 
the gram solution all lost moderately in weight (—2.99 to —9.74 per 
cent). Variation: From 90.26 (original weight 113 grams) to 97.01 
per cent (original weight 100.5 grams) =6.75 per cent. The two 
heaviest brains (115.2 and 118 grams) lost in weight, respectively, 7.99 
and 9.74 per cent, the two lightest (100.5 and 95.5 grams) 2.99 and 
5.24 per cent. Ultimately, however, the heaviest brain shows the 
least loss, while that of the lightest specimen is among the greatest 
losses. The specimen in the 6 ¢. c. to the gram solution (original 
weight 115.5 grams) lost 6.06 per cent; that weighed daily, however 
(original weight 105 grams), 10.95 per cent, or more than any other 
in the series. 

End of the first month: The brains in the 3 ¢. c. to the gram solution 
all show a further marked loss of weight (—6.6 to —13.81 per cent); 
the heaviest brain had lost the least, the lightest the most. Variation: 
From 78.79 to 85.94 per cent =7.24 per cent. Changes were not har- 
monious with those of the first week, and were more in a reverse than 
a direct proportion to the original weight of the specimens. The 
brain in the 6 ¢. c. to the gram solution lost 11.52 per cent, that weighed 
daily 11.76 per cent. 

Changes in the brain weighed daily: A moderate loss the first and 
second day and gradual loss, unaffected by the changes of solution, 
thence onward. 


ONE-THIRD SATURATED SOLUTION OF ALUM WITH SODIUM CHLORIDE 
TO 1,030 SPECIFIC GRAVITY, AND 5 PER CENT FORMALIN. 


End of first week: Weight of brains in the 3 ¢. ¢. to the gram solu- 
tion had risen slightly (-++0.44 to +4.08 per cent). Variation: From 
100.44 (original weight 114 grams) to 104.08 per cent (original weight 
#8 grams) =3.64 per cent. The two heaviest brains (123 and 114 
grams) had gained, respectively, 4.06 and 0.44 per cent, the two lightest 
(98 and 97.5 grams) 4.08 and 3.58 per cent. The brain in the 6 ec. ¢. to 
the gram solution lost 1.66 per cent, that weighed daily 4.63 per cent. 

End of first month: Weight of all brains had notably diminished 
(—15.67 to —21.12 per cent in the group of nine). Variation: From 
51.72 to $9.84 per cent =8.12 per cent. The changes were not pro- 
portionate to the weight of the specimens. The brain in the 6 e. ec. to 
the gram solution lost in weight 10.13 per cent, less than any of the 
above, and that weighed daily 9.22 per cent, or still less than the pre- 
ceding, which compensated with both specimens for the loss during 
the first week. | 

Changes in the brain weighed daily: A slow loss from the first day 
onward, accelerated slightly the day after each change of solution. 


295 


y 


ATIVES—HRDLICKA. 


= 
a 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERYJ 


No. 1451. 


OS0'T OL AAIMOTHOD WOAIGOS 


“ATIep poystoa ‘urerg d 


aoys T 


HLIM WOTY 


‘NITVWUON INGO Udd OT GNV ‘ALIAVHD O1aIoddas 
daaHS NI SHONVHO LHYIGM DNIMOHS AAYNO—7Zz 


40 NOILLATOS GALVUOALYS 


GulHLl-ANO NI SNIVUd 


‘s}op Aq po} BOTpPUI Spolsed 4B 


poyst 


oA 


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surBiq d 


3 


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ISBIOAV 


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“quay toed oy 


*guao dod Og 


“quad ted 06 


“skup 09 


*(aor1gnjos jo asueyo) 
YQuoUt T 


*(UOTZNIOS Jo asuvyo) 
oom T 


‘NITVWHOA INGO Utd G ANV ‘ALIAVAD O1MIOgdS : 4 
0f0'L OL HarroTHO WAIGOS HLIM WOATVY AO NOMLAIOS GYLVUOLVS GUIHL-ANO NI SNIVUd doaHs NI SHDNVHO LHOIAM DNIMOHS FAXND—'SZ “SIL 


‘slop Aq po, Bolpur spolsod 4B poySioM ‘sureiq doays 6 Jo asBIOAV 


J jue. ted oy 


“quae aad 0g 


“queo sad 06 


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= 
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“ques tad cot 


*sA0] “(uornjos jo osuryo) *(uoTQn[oOs Jo aAuvYo) 
ais qjuout T oom T 


No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 297 


EIGHTY PARTS OF 95 PER CENT ALCOHOL AND 20 PARTS 5 PER CENT 
SOLUTION OF FORMALIN. 


(Alcohol, 80; water, 19; formalin, 1.) 


End of first week: All the brains in the 3 ¢. ¢. to the gram solution 
had lost in weight; the average loss was 11.5 per cent, or one-ninth of 
the original. Variation: From 85.27 (original weight 112 grams) to 
91.45 per cent (original weight 117 grams). The heaviest brain lost 
least. The specimen in the 6 ¢. c. to the gram solution (original 
weight 106 grams) lost more than any of the above (15.1 per cent), 
that weighed daily (original weight 109 grams) lost 11.47 per cent. 

End of one month: The solution was not changed at the end of the 
first week nor at the end of the first month, except with the specimen 
weighed daily. No especial difference appeared in the results. All 
the brains in the 3 ¢. c. to the gram solution lost slightly in weight 
after the end of the first week (—0.77 to —2.09 per cent). Variation: 
From 83.48 to 89.31 per cent =5.83 per cent. The changes were not 
harmonious with those of the first week nor proportionate to the 
weight of the brains. The specimen in the 6 c. ¢. to the gram solution 
lost 1.66 per cent, that weighed daily 1.56 per cent. 

Changes in the brain weighed daily: A moderate loss in weight 
occurred during each of the first five days, after which there was a 
slow, continuous loss up to the end of the month and beyond. Neither 
the first nor the second change of solution produced any effect. 


SIXTY-FIVE PARTS 95 PER CENT ALCOHOL AND 35 PARTS 3 PER CENT 
FORMALIN. 


(Alcohol, 65; water, 34; formalin, 1.) 


End of first week: Weight of brains in 3 ec. c. to the gram solution 
had fallen in average nearly 4 per cent. The lighter brain lost some- 
what more than the heavier one. The specimen in the 6c. ¢. to the 
gram solution lost much more than either of the above; that weighed 
daily lost slightly more than either of the other two in similar quantity 
of the preservative. 

End of first month: Weight of the two brains in 3c. c. to the gram 
solution had diminished but slightly, that of the specimen in 6 e. ¢. 
to the gram solution distinctly more, while that of the brain weighed 
daily was equal. : 

Changes in the brain weighed daily: The first day a slight (1.56 per 
cent) rise, then a gradual loss; an insignificant rise the first and third 
days after the first change of solution, then stability, with slight ups 
and downs. Norise or fall in weight after the one-month’s change of 
the preservative. 


‘NITVNUOd INGO UAd G SLUVd 0Z GNV IOHOOTV INAO UAd C6 AO SLUAVd 08 AO NOILAIOS NI SNIVUA dAAHS NI SHONVHO LHYSIAM ONIMOHS AAUNO—'Fs “OI 
‘sjop Aq poyRolput sporied ye poyStom ‘surviq daoys g Jo asvloAy 


“A[rep poy stom ‘urerq doays T 


“sup 09 


EEG kc LG 


ae cr 
2 Rae © 


*(uornyos yo osunyo) 
qjyuouw 


— 


RCE Sa Ey 


—1"yuao tad 0g 


‘quad Jad 06 


*(uoTpnpos jo azunye) 


yea 1 


¥ 


HRDLICK A. 


S 


SER VATIV EX 


7 
vi 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PR 


no. 1451. 


‘NITYNUOd INGO UAd & SLUVd GE GNVY TOHOOTY INFO Yad C6 SLUVd G9 AO NOILATOS NI SNIVUA dHAHHS NI SHONVHO LHOTAM DSNIMOHS PWAWNAY— GZ “OIA 
‘ —, 


surviq dooys Z JO asBVIdDAY ———— 


-A[Tep peysreM “ureiq doeys [| — — — — — — — ‘sjop Aq po Borpur sportsod 4v poy sioM 


} 


‘quan ted 06 


‘quay ated OTT 


“skep 09 “(uoTynyOs Jo esuvyo) *(MOTgNTOS jo aduuyo) 
I 
YQuou oom | 


XXX. 


VOL. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


300 


‘ 
e 


*"NOILO'IOS NITVNUOM ANY “IOHOO'TY ‘ACIHMOTHO WOAIGOS ‘ALVYLAOV WAIGOS NI SNIVUH daaHS NI SHYNVHO LHDIAM DNIMOHS AANAO—'9Z “YT 


*ATIBp poysroa ‘arviq deeys T — — — — — — ‘s1op Aq poJVoTpuT spotiod 1B poyStoM ‘surviq dooys 6 JO oSBIDAV 


Shit 


segment 
<a maccasiertchemnalisep linearis 


“sABD 09 


‘quoao aod 0g 


“quedo Jad 06 


NO. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. our 


SODIUM ACETATE (FUSED), 130 GRAMS; SODIUM CHLORIDE, 110 
GRAMS; FORMALIN, 20 C. C.; 95 PER CENT, ALCOHOL, 460 ©. C.; 
WATER, 540 C. C. 


(100 c. c.=sodium acetate, 13; sodium chloride, 11; alcohol, 46; water, 54; formalin, 2.) 


End of first week: Weight of brains in the 3 c. c. to the gram solu- 


_ tion had diminished in average by 14 per cent, or one-seventh of the 


original. Variation: From 84.54 (original weight 103.5 grams) to 86.89 
per cent (original weight 103 grams) =2.35 per cent. The two heavi- 
est brains (118.2 and 115.2 grams) lost in weight, respectively, 13.28 
and 14.07 per cent, the two lightest ones (101 and 82 grams) 14.36 and 
14.64 per cent. The specimen in the 6 ¢. c. to the gram solution (origi- 
nal weight 110 grams) lost 15 per cent, that weighed every day (origi- 


_nal weight 100.8 grams) 14.69 per cent, becoming each relatively 


lighter than any but one of the above. 

End of first month: The solution had been changed, both at the end 
of the first week and at the end of the first month, only with the speci- 
men weighed daily, without, however, any material difference result- 
ing. Of the nine brains in the 3 ¢. c. to the gram solution eight 
had, since the end of the first week, slightly increased in weight, while 
in one the weight was the same. The gain ranges from 0.51 to 1.15 
per cent. Variation: From 85.51 to 87.38 per cent =1.87 per cent. 
The changes were quite alike. The specimen in the 6c. c. to the gram 
solution gained 0.45 per cent in weight, that weighed daily 2 per cent, 
or more than any other in the whole series. 

Changes in the brain weighed daily: A pronounced loss during the 
first twenty-four hours, the next day a smaller loss, then three days of 
stability, and then a slight loss again. After first change a slight rise 
during the first twenty-four hours and lasting to next day, then a 
slight loss lasting four days and then slow rising. No marked effect 
of the second change of solution. 


SUMMARY. 


A glance at the foregoing data and at those of Part I of this paper 
shows that, with the same preservatives, the results were in substance 
much alike, but that in the first series there was a much greater vari- 
ation in results. 

The simple formalin solutions all show, with all brains, the same 
type of effects, consisting of a sharp initial rise in the weight of the 
specimens, reaching a maximum within less than a week, with a sub- 
sequent gradual, long-continued loss. The rise, very clearly shown 
by the tests on sheep brains, is related in an inverse ratio to the 
strength of the formalin in the solution. The proportion of loss is 
much alike and is apparently independent of the formalin percentage, 
which makes it probable that it consists of simple solution by the 
water of the preservatives. 


é * 


802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, KX Ks 


The addition of common salt to formalin solutions acts very much 
like larger proportions of formalin alone. The initial rise is shortened 
and reduced; in stronger concentrations it is replaced in twenty-four 
hours by loss; but the subsequent loss in weight proceeds much like 
that in simple formalin solutions.“ 

Additions of alum to formalin solutions cause, though the specific 
eravities of the resulting liquids are less, a greater loss in brain weight 
than the liquids with similar additions of common salt. The weaker 
solutions caused a smaller initial (one week) but a greater subsequent 
loss than the concentrated one.? 

The mixtures of alum, common salt, and formalin are characterized 
by the great loss which they produce in the weight of the specimens 
after the first week. There is no advantage whatever in these solu- 
tions. 

The three mixtures of alcohol with formalin all show an initial loss 
in the weight of the specimens, but subsequently there is a relatively 
great stability. Several of the groups (particularly with Stroud’s 
Hauid) show actually a little gain following the initial loss. As the 
proportion of the formalin in any of the solutions is quite insignificant 
(1 per cent), these effects must be referred nearly wholly to the alco- 
hol and water in the solutions, with the action of which, so far as our 
knowledge goes, they agree. ¢ 

Individual variation was present with all the liquids used, most in 
the 15 per cent formalin and the 1,030 specific gravity common salt 
solution with 5 per cent formalin, least in the 65 parts of alcohol with 
35 parts of 3 per cent formalin (two specimens only) and in the sodium 
acetate-sodium-chloride-alcohol-formalin mixture. In a large major- 
ity of the preservatives the variation was greater at the end of the 
first month than at the end of the first week; after that it still increased 
with some solutions, while with others it grew less. 

The most potent discernible cause of this individual variation was, 
as in the cases dealt with in the first part of this paper, the difference 
in size of the specimens. Another ascertainable cause, but operative 
to a less extent, was the relative quantity of the preservatives. Even 
with the sheep brains alone the large ones suffered in the same rela- 
tive quantity of preservative less change, particularly less ultimate 
loss, than the small ones; and a double quantity of the liquid, even 
though most brains chosen for the experiment were large ones, resulted, 
in the majority of instances, in a loss of weight markedly greater than 
the average in the smaller proportion of the solution. The variations 
which remain unaccounte -d for are of obscure e and probably complex 


“A greater whiteness of the specimens was again nGHeenbie 

All the specimens showed yery good hardening. The diminution in size in those 
in the concentrated solution was very noticeable. 

¢See Donaldson, Jour. Morphol., 1894, p. 149. 


eel 


No, 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 3038 


nature; fortunately they are not, at least in normal animal brains, 
very serious. 

The effect of daily weighing the brain was, almost generally, greater 
than the average loss of weight. 

The changing of solution after one week and one month had in a few 
instances no appreciable effect, but mostly there was a consequent tem- 
porary (one to two days) rise in weight which acted as a retarder of 
the continuing loss. 

As to the practical results of these experiments on the value of various 
brain preservatives for macroscopical purposes, it is plain that neither 
any of the simple formalin solutions nor any of those to which common 
salt or alum had been added, is satisfactory. The changes in these 
liquids are considerable and their continuation prolonged, while there 
are no compensatory advantages. No good purpose would be served 
by using any of these mixtures, with one possible exception, in the 
future; the exception concerns the addition of alum to the solution 
used for brains of foetuses or the very young, for the purposes of 
increasing the hardening. 

On the other hand, the results obtained with the alcohol and formalin 
mixtures are most encouraging. These liquids have produced but 
moderate initial changes (much of which can be done away with by 
proper modifications of the solutions), followed by the all important 
feature of subsequent stability. The permanence of this stability has 
not received as yet a sufficient test of time, but Donaldson’s prolonged 
observations with other alcohol mixtures render it highly probable. 
The brain is not affected perceptibly by the necessary changes of solu- 
tion. At all events, it is with this class of preservatives that further 
experiments are most justifiable. 

The addition of the salts in Stroud’s liquid gives no superiority over 
the simple alcohol-formalin solutions. The greater specific gravity of 
the mixture would commend it on account of the slightly greater pre- 
vention of deformation in the specimens, but the somewhat greater 
initial loss in weight and the subsequent continuous gain are disad- 
vantageous. If equally good results, so far as weight and size of the 
specimens are concerned, can be obtained with simple mixtures, these 
should be preferred. Conservation of the form of a specimen in any 
preservative is largely a matter of proper care. 

As a result of the data obtained by the experiments reported upon 
in this paper, the tentative regulations below outlined concerning brain 
preservation have been made in the laboratory of physical anthropol- 
ogy of the U. S. National Museum. They can, it is hoped, be pur- 
sued with daily and longer periodical weighings of the specimens, and 
with whatever modifications may become indicated in the liquids, until 
a substantiated and as simple as possible method of brain preservation 
has been determined. It would be very desirable if a concurrent 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


microscopical investigation could be made in some other laboratory, 
more suited for that purpose, as to the relative value of the various 
preservatives for the purposes of histology and pathology. 


PRESENT REGULATIONS CONCERNING BRAIN PRESERVATION IN THE 
LABORATORY OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, UNITED STATES 
NATIONAL MUSEUM. : 


Remove the brain as fresh as possible and with the least injury, 
without the dura; weigh at once; measure the proper solution into a jar 
of suitable size; place sufficient absorbent cotton on the bottom to pro- 
tect the specimen from deformation by pressure; in larger specimens 
introduce a little cotton between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and 
lay the brain in, base downward. If necessary, support the hemi- 
spheres in proper position by additional cotton; close jar as nearly 
air-tight as possible and place ona shelf out of direct light of the sun; 
weigh, after the regular drainage, on the eighth day and change solu- 
tion. Weigh again on the thirty-first day, at the end of three months 
after reception, and every three months (as long as the experiments 
last). 


Solutions and proportions. 


Distilled | 95 percent F 
water. | alcohol. Formalin. 

: Parts. Parts. Parts. 
Brains up to 50 grams in weight.............-.sssse+--- 45 52 3 
Brains 51 to 150 grams in weight ...................-.-- 40 57 3 
Brains 151 to 300 grams in weight 35 62 3 
Brains 301 to 900 grams in weight 30 67 3 
Brains above 900 grams in weight 25 75 3 


Quantity of liquid: All specimens above 30 grams in weight, use 
4c. c. to the gram; brains 15-29 grams, use 6 ¢. c. to the gram; brains 
less than 15 grams use 75 c. c. per each specimen." 

For brains of foetuses and the very young use one-half saturated 
solution of alum in place of water and 10 per cent formalin. Where 
there is danger of an injury to the brain during weighing, on account 
of its softness, weigh it indirectly; approximate the quantity of 
the solution to the calculated weight of the brain; weigh jar and all 
before and after introduction of the specimen, and subtract, bringing 
afterwards the liquid to exact proportion. 


“ Larger quantity of liquid made necessary by the size of the smallest convenient jar. 


No, 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 


305 


ABSTRACT. 


3 ¢. c. per eran (weight at periods indicated below). 


ao) Average | Average Average 
per cent eo con per cent s 
Preservative. va ae bec na Nae Eee 
2's | original Tage ema marie original vaae a 
9 & |weight at tone weight at eral weight at Saya 
5 the end the end of * \theend of : 
y, ‘ofl week. | 1 month. 2 months. 
BCL COMP LONMAMM . ate sess 2a ciecielelo as ae 9 121.4 5.4 | 121.3 6.8 118. 2 5,7 
DIPELICENL LOLMalin ee. eee nea en 9 117.9 3.9] 116.0 5.8 112.8 5.3 
LO pericentitormalime sss. cen iee.cje setae ereyoicre 9 115.0 4.0 | 113.1 5.3 110.3 4.0 
Thper/eenttomoalinwes: 2-2-5. ots5 le kte 9 112.8 8.9 111.0 9.8 106.6 10.5 
Saturated solution of common salt with 
PP PEL/CCNG LONMAlIN Gs Aa sos oes sce ee 9 92.9 4.9 89.3 6.2 86.8 6.5 
1,030 sp. gr. common salt solution with 5 
Men cent formalin) see. 52 bore 52 a 9 iad 10.3 95.9 959 93. 6 10.8 
1,015 sp. gr. common salt solution with 5 
Per Cent OnM AIM Mee. oe sees alae een efe= = 2 101.9 (1.2) 100.3 (1.4) 95.9 (alk 
Saturated solution of alum with 5 per 
CenbAOMMaAlIN ease asesasse he se sews ceed 9 tee 13d 71.5 10.4 71.0 Bali 
One-third saturated solution of alum 
with 5per cent formalin......:....... 9 99.4 3.5 | 93. 2 ul 88.0 10.1 
One-fifth saturated solution of alum with 
OPP SMICENL LOnM MLM e ss eet ai= meee enn 9 101. 2 4.0 92.1 7.9 85. 2 | 6.6 
One-third saturated solution of alum 
with common salt to 1,030 sp. gr. and 10 
PEMCEMiLOrM AIM Keats lc cena ae eer ne 9 O2n 6.7 81.1 tad 71.2 11.4 
One-third saturated solution of alum 
with common salt to 1,030 sp. gr. and 5 
per Cenbiormelin i220. e5sos+nss<= 9 102.4 3.6 85. 6 8.1 76.3. | 8.9 
80 parts of alcohol and 20 parts of 5 per 
CenU CORMAN se ee cee ote ce aces scales 3 88.5 6.2 86.9 5.8 87.0 | (eo 
65 parts of alcohol and 35 parts of 3 per 
GCemnrorimealinbe sees sie cities ae moan eyiciee 2 96.3 (Ss) 95.8 (1.2) 96. 0 (1.7) 
Sodium acetate, sodium chloride, forma- : 
lin, and alcohol solution ...........---- ieee 85.9 2.3 86.5 159 86.4 1.9 


6c. c. per gram (weight at 


3c. c. per gram (weighed 


periods indicated below) . every day). 
% Per cent of original 3 Per cent of original 
Preservative. a weight at the end a weight at the end 
als of— Rig of— 
2°38 foe 
BS by week 2 A eek |e 2 = 
7 Ve eis month./months 7 week.) month. months 
BIDELICeNTLOMMAIN « Sa dsc cscs ciesesczicincs se 1 118.9 116.9 113.9} 1 117.6 | 115.2 113.2 
BIPEM. Cent TOrmialiny se 62 e . 0. cs4055- 2 se= 1} 118.9) 116.4) 111.4 I 8} ULSSO ee see 
LOspericent formalin .-.-...:-.:.-.-.- An 1) 214.0) 112.8) 108.4); 1.) 116.2') 112.2, 110.3 
HD per GENtLOMMANN op oc-.4- see ecseeece OSS | LO256 96.9 1} 108.5 | 104.7 99.5 
Saturated solution of common salt with 
Dyper.centiormealini. --2% 22225: fe Sheed 1 93. 2 90.0 81.7 1 ODN tl cathe mom elaeneta ses 
1,030 sp. gr. common salt solution with 5 | 
percent tormealinie fo. fs... 5. cseeset eee 1} 94.3 92. 4 89.0 1 97.1 | 94.2 1E2 
1,015 sp. gr. common salt solution with 5 
per cent formalin: 22.0... 2... ccweeccese= 1} 102.0 99. 6 95. 1 1) 101.3] 98.25 93. 4 
Saturated solution of alum with 5 per 
GETIORNIGIMe sce eck’ woo aee esses aoe 1 82.3 73.5 (Als yaA| ial 74.2) 70.3 69.3 
One-third saturated solution of alum 
with 5 per cent formalin ...........--.- 1 97.9 92.6 88.9 al 95.8 | 85.2 | 79.2 
One-fifth saturated solution of alum with 
DEPEL CON tOLMEIIMs veri oo at's ss sccisleiis oe 1 98.4 90.9 84.1 1} 102.0] 92.3 81.3 
One-third saturated solution of alum 
with common salt to1,030 sp. gr. and 10 
Her CENb LOLMMIMMT sos. cccesen neces <n 1 93.9 83.1 74.0 al 89.0 | 78.6 73.3 
One-third saturated golution of alum 
with common salt to 1,030 sp. gr. and 5 
Per cent formalin ces ss =. acess sas ee 1 98.3} 88.4 84, 2 1 95.4 | 86.6 81.0 
80 parts of alcohol and 20 parts of 5 per 
ENP LOUM ALIN = icteahtoss ie clewiea sein s'o.2</=10 il 84.9 83.5 82.0 1 88.5 | 87.1 83.0 
65 parts of alcohol and 35 parts of 3 per 
ETI ONIN Lilie 2 sacecemicienecetes accisce ci 1 90. 2 87.9 88.4 1 95.3 | 95.3 95.3 
Sodium acetate, sodium chloride, forma- 
lin, and alcohol solution...............- 1 85.0 85.4 85. 4 1 SHS Steon eae sce 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——20 
> 


306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX 


a ie i | 


CHANGES IN INDIVIDUAL SHEEP BRAINS. 
Preservative: 3 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). 


[Condition of brain: Medium.] 


Percent Additional weighings. 
Weight of } of change 
brain Weight of) Per cent) Weight of} Per cent) between 
. | Dateof |immedi-. brain | of brain of the end of : Per cent 
5 | autopsy.| ately | after1 original) after1 |original| first and Date Weight _of 
S ” lafterex-| week. | weight.} month. | weight. en * of brain.) original 
= traction. of fourth |. weight. 
7, | week. 
. | Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. | Grams. 
6. | 110.5 131.0 118. 55 129.5 117.19 —1.15 ee? 6 127.0 114. 93 
ae 98.0 | 119.2 | 121.63 119.3 | 121.94 +: \08\)22=- COs aii lon0: 118. 36 
5 102.0 126.0 123.53 126.5 124. 02 + 439%). =. done 123.0 120.59 
= 100, 2 | 119.5 119. 26 119.0 118. 76 = 242 ocedon ae 115.5 115. 26 
af 117.5 141.0} 120.00 141.5} 120.42 + .35|...-do...| 188.5 117.87 
Pe 94.0 113.0 120. 21 113.5 120. 74 + .44|....do... 110.5 117. 55 
Bs 93.2 113.8 122.13 114.0 122. 32 + lidllenee Gers 110.0 118. 02 
ce 102.5 127.0 123. 92 126.0 122. 92 — £78) |2. 2200 2c6 123.5 120. 48 
es 100.5 119.5 | 118.90 117.5 | 118.00 *=1,67 |..2.d0)-..|| 114.5 118. 93 
2 7 95.5 | 118.0'| 123.56 | 11850),\ 128256 easeeeeeee See GO eel tlaba0 120. 42 
| | 


aAt6c. c. per gram. 


[Brain weighed daily. Received June 7, 1905. Original weight, 102 grams.] 


Change in Change in 
Per cent percentage Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute of | of original At the end of | Absolute of of original 
day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight 
} weight. from day weight. | from day 
to day. to day. 
Grams. Grams. 
PUTStia-sccse scene 114.5 112, 25 | +12.25 || Twenty-ninth ... 118.0 115. 68 + 0.00 
Second =. 2202. 3-- 118.5 116.17 + 3.92 || Thirtieth«....... 117.5 115.19 — .49 
dilsbbis (eee ee 120.0 117. 64 | + 1.47 || Thirty-first ...... 120.0 117. 64 + 2.45 
Rourih 2622824 120.5 118.13 + .49 | Thirty-second ... 120.5 118. 13 +. 
MUR ace acces ne 120.5 118.18 + .00 || Thirty-third..... 120.0 117. 64 = 
Sith es os ee ck 120.0 117. 64 — .49 || Thirty-fourth.... 119.5 117.15 _ 
Seventha ....... 120.0 | 117.64 + .00 || Thirty-fifth...... 119.5} 117.15 + 
Eighth.......-.. 123.2 120.59 + 2.95 || Thirty-sixth..... 119.5 117.15 + 
INIDGN< csoeetantete 124.0 121.56 + .97 | Thirty-seventh .. 119.0 116. 67 = 
Maniths os. sue! 124.0] 121.56 + .00 Thirty-eighth ...| 118.5] 116.17 = 
TWeltth soo sce ws 123.0 120. 58 — .98 || Thirty-ninth .... 119.0 116. 67 s+ 
Thirteenth. ..... 122.5 120. 09 — .49 || Fortieth......... 118.0 115. 68 _ 
Fourteenth ..... 122.0 119. 61 — .48 || Forty-first ....... 118.0 115. 68 + 
Fifteenth ....... 121.5 119. 11 — .50 || Forty-second .... 117.5 115.19 a 
Sixteenth....... 121.5 119. 11 + .00 |) Forty-third...... 117.5 115.19 + 
Seventeenth .... 121.0} 118.62 | — .49 || Forty-fourth..... 117.0 114. 70 — 
Eighteenth ..... 120.5 118.13 | — .49 || Forty-fifth....... 116.5 114. 21 — 
Nineteenth ..... 120.5 118.13 + .00 || Forty-sixth...... 116.5 114. 21 ee 
Twentieth ...... 120.0 117. 64 — .49 || Forty-seventh ... 116.5 114. 21 + 
Twenty-first .... 119.5 117.15 } — .49 || Forty-eighth ...-. 116.0 113. 72 = 
Twenty-second . 118.5 116.17 — .98 || Forty-ninth ..... 116.5 114. 21 ar 
Twenty-third ... 119.0 116. 67 + .50 || Bifticoth ......... 116.0 113. 72 = 
Twenty-fourth. : 119.0 116. 67 + .00 || Fifty-first........ 116.0 113272 + 
l'wenty-fifth .... 118.5 116.17 — .50 || Fifty-eighth ..... 115.5 113. 23 = 
Twenty-sixth ... 118.0 115. 68 — .49 || Sixty-fifth ....... 113.5 111. 22 _ 
Twenty-seventh 118.0 115. 68 + .00 | Seventy-second.. 112.5 110, 29 = 
Twenty-eighth .. 118.0 115. 68 + .00 || 


il 


aChange of solution, 


130 per cent. 


120 per cent. : 


110 per cent 


90 per cent. 


60 days. 
1 month, : 


110 per cent 


90 per cent, 


70 per cent. 


Fig. 27.—AVERAGE WEIGHT CHANGES IN FIFTEEN DIFF£RENT PRESERVATIVES CONTAINING FORMALIN, THE TWO HEAVIER LINES SHOW THE CHANGES IN 
SOLUTIONS CONTAINING ALCOHOL AND FORMALIN, 


Proc, N. M. vol. xxx—06. (To face page 306.) No. 27. 


4 


Pa. pe ae 


a 


a 


Pemr" 


pw. ee 


} 


se 


No. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 307 


Preservative: 5 per cent formalin (3 ¢e. c. per gram). 


[Condition of brain: Medium. ] 


Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of of change = 
brain |Weightof) Per cent/Weight of| Per cent; between 
| Date of |immedi-| brain of brain of the end of Percent 
® | autopsy.| ately after1 |original, after1 |original) first and Date Weight of 
q after ex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight. end * lof brain. original 
5 traction. of fourth weight. 
4 | week. 
| 1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. | 
12..| June 6 117.0 138.5 | 118.37 140.0 119. 66 +1.08 | Aug. 6 135.5 | 115.8] 
13..| June 7 114.0 | 133.5 117.10 | 130.8 |} 114.73 =2,02) Ang. 7 126.0 110.53 
Aree eaves doce 101.6 118.5 116. 68 115.7 118. 87 230) ase Oe 112.5 110.72 
IGES|E2. 3 doe 98.5 116.0 | 117.76 113.7 | 115.48 1398 |---4d0%--| Adit 0 112. 
nese eases ores 99.5 117.0 | 117.58 114.2 114.77 OO) lhe eraic doe: 111.5) 112. 6 
IES Gees do ...| 99. 0 118.8 120. 00 116.6 117.78 —1.85 |....do... 113.5 114.65 
Oe ak Goes 95.5 114.0 119. 37 11250 117. 28 EO nen 2a Orel 109. 0 | 114.138 
OOS ed oraee 99.0 116.8 117.98 114.0 115.15 —2.39 |...-do... 111.0 1 Pea Be 
eee a0 119.7 139.0 | 116.12 137.8 115. 12 ==) 80) nae) Ole 134.5 112. 37 
eee ae 100.5 119.5 118. 90 | 117.0 116. 42 SOE! a A6loy a5 8)) NEL) | 111. 44 
aAt6c. ¢c. per gram. 
[Brain weighed daily. Reccived June 6, 1905. Original weight, 106.5 grams. ] 
[ | 
| | Change in Change in 
| | Per cent) percentage | Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute | of of original Atthe end of | Absolute) of of original 
day. | weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight 
weight. | from day weight. | from day 
| today. || to day. 
Grams. | Grams. | 
1b yo\ ieee eee seco 119.0} 111.73 +11. 73 || T'wenty-ninth ... 122.9 115. 40 +0. 38 
SeGONG saicecece5: 123.0 115. 49 +. 3.76 || Thirtietho-.-...- 122.5 115. 02 — .38 
POITG ss sa4c% =) | 125. 2 117.55 + 2.06 || Thirty-first ...... 123.5 115. 96 + .94 
BouUtthee. ease = - | 126.5 | 118.77 + 1.22 || Thirty-second ... 123.0 115. 49 — .47 
Titel Cognoeeeeee | 1850) || This .Bi — .46 || Thirty-third..... 122.0 | 114.55 — .94 
Sixthe ses: soc | 125.0 117.37 — .94 || Thirty-fourth.... 121.5 | 114.08 — .47 
Seventha ....... 125.5 | 117.84 (47 || Dhirty-fifth.-...- 121.5 114. 08 + .00 
Pighithis.s-2ssses | 126.5} 118.77 + 93 || Thirty-sixth ..... 121.5 114. 08 + .00 
NIM GHY 2552 osecie 126.5 118.77 + .00 || Thirty-seventh .. 121.5 114.08 + .00 
MENG. s soe se 125.5 117. 84 — .93 || Thirty-eighth ... 121.5 i14. 08 + .00 
Eleventh ...-.-. 126.0! 118.31 + .47 1) Thirty-ninth .... 121.0 113. 61 — .47 
Thirteenth...... 125.0 117. 37 — .94 || Fortieth......... 121.5 114. 08 + .47 
Fourteenth ..-.--. 125.5 117. 84 + .47 || Forty-first ....... 121.0 113.61 — .47 
Fifteenth ....... 125.0 117.37 — .47 || Forty-second .... 120.5 113.14 — 47 
Sixteenth ....... 124.8 117.18 — .19 |) Forty-third.-...- 120.0 112. 67 — .47 
Seventeenth ...-. 124.5 116. 90 — ,28 || Forty-fourth..... 120.0 | 112.67 + .00 
Eighteenth ..... 124.5 116. 90 + .00 || Forty-fifth....... L20KOM) PA Qe67, + .00 
Nineteenth ..... 125. 2 117. 56 + .66 || Forty-sixth...... L200 L2G 7, + .00 
Twentieth ...... 125.0 117.37 — .19 || Forty-seventh -.. 120.0 | 112.67 + .00 
Twenty-first .... 123.5 | 115.96 — 1.41 || Forty-eighth .... 120.5 113.14 + .47 
Twenty-second . 123.5 115. 96 + .00 || Forty-ninth ..... T2OSON T2367 — .47 
Twenty-third ... 123.8 116, 24 ev sey WP Abin ee eecemmces 120.0} 112.67 + .00 
Twenty-fourth. . 123.0 115. 49 — 75 || Bifty-first.......- 119.5 112. 21 — .46 
Twenty-fifth .... 123.0 115. 49 + .00 || Fifty-eighth ..... bite |) = nhbeyAl + .00 
Twenty-sixth ... 123.0 115.49 Ey 00)||(Sixty=tittls 2-2 =e 119.0 Wt. 73 — .48 
Twenty-seventh 122.5 115, 02 — .47 | Seventy-second. . 117.0 109. 86 | —1,87 
Twenty-cighth . 122.5 115. 02 + .00 | | 


aChange of solution. 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


Preservative: 10 per cent formalin (3 c. ¢. per gram). 


[Condition of brain: Medium. ] 


| | | Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of ee | of change 
brain |Weight of Per cent Weight of Per cent) between 
. | Date of | immedi-| brain of | brain | of _ theend of ‘ Per cent 
5 autopsy. ately after1 | original, after 1 original | first and Date Weight of 
2 **  afterex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight. | end “lof brain.| original 
| traction. of fourth weight. 
Z | | week. 
1905. | Grams. | Grams. Grams. | 1905. Grams. 
24..| June 7 110.5 | 127.5 | 115.38 125.5 | 113.57 | =1756))) Auge 7 123.0 111.31 
Ose eee OF ec 97.0 109.5 | 112.88 107.0 | 110.31 = OS 28S. sO) ee 105. 0 108. 25 
phe RES aq :--| 97.5 | 110.0 | 112.84 110.5 | 113.38 BEA He pete ec 108. 0 110.77 
27 do...} 97.0 | 112.2 | 115.67 108.5 | 111.85 ==9729)|5.2.G0--- 106.5 109.79 
28..| June 8 96.5 111.5 115. 54 109.5 | 113.47 —1.79 | Aug. 8 106.0 109. 84 
29 ..|--a2 dot. 112.0 128.5 | 114.73 | 126.5 | 112.95 | = 5b) |e-s2GOen- 123.0 109. 82 
0A IS- he dOs=- 102.0 117.5 | 115.19 114.5 | 112.25 = 9p) (ca. eGOees 111.5 109. 31 
1S Paes do ...| 110.5 128.5 | 116.29 127.0 | 114.93 1:57 |. 22d0.=. 124.0 112. 21 
Q2-2|5---0Gnee 80.0 93.5 | 116. 87 92.5 | 115.63 SOT tase dOrn. 89.0 111. 25 
9 \a| Fee eee 125.0 142.5 | 114.00 141.0 | 112.80 TE by esackitsn. 135.5 108. 40 
aAt6c. ¢c. per gram. 
[Brain weighed daily. Received June 8, 1905. Original weight, 102 grams. ] 
| | Change in | Change in 
| Per cent | percentage | Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute of of original At the end of | Absolute of of original 
day. weight. | original weight || day. weight. | original weight 
weight. | from day weight. | from day 
to day. to day. 
Grams. Grams. 
L0G: Ags ape: aac 113.5 111. 27 +11.27 || Twenty-ninth ... 114.7 112. 47 —0.08 
Second :.-:.-... 116.0 113.72 + 2.45 || Thirtietha.....-- 114.5 112. 25 — .22 
SMEs Rae ee 118.0 115. 68 + 1.96 || Thirty-first .....-. 116.0 113. 72 +1.47 
MOUDtD >. ssce-- oe 118. 0 115. 68 + .00 || Thirty-second .-.. 116.0 113. 72 + .00 
LiF 2 Re gee tere 118.5 116.17 + .49 || Thirty-third..... 116.0 113. 72 + .00 
PimON ha acco. 119.0 116. 67 + .00 | Thirty-fourth.... 115.5 113. 23 — .49 
Seventha....... 118.5 116.17 — .49 || Thirty-fifth...... 116.0 113. 72 + .49 
Biehths sess oa 119.8 117. 45 + 1.28 || Thirty-sixth..... 115.5 113. 23 49 
Ninth -2*Scsces 120.5 118.138 | .68 || Thirty-seventh .. 115.5 1138. 23 + .00 
Menthe i.e enee 120.0 117. 64 — .49 || Thirty-eighth ... 115.0 112. 74 — .49 
Twelfth-<..---.- 119.2 | 116.86 | — .78 || Thirty-ninth .... 115.0 112. 74 + .00 
Thirteenth...-... 119.0 116. 67 = 19) Hortetheseeeess 114.5 112. 25 — .49 
Fourteenth ..... 118.5} 116.17 — .50 || Forty-first --.--.- 114.0 111. 76 — .49 
Fifteenth ......- 117.5 115.19 — .98 || Forty-second .... 114.0 111. 76 + .00 
Sixteenth....... 117.5 115.19 + .00 || Forty-third...... 113.5 111. 27 — .49 
Seventeenth .... 117.5 115.19 + .00 || Forty-fourth -..- 113.5 111. 27 + .00 
Eighteenth -.... 117.5 115.19 + .00 || Forty-fifth.....- 113.0 110.78 — .49 
Nineteenth ..... 117.0 114.71 — ,48-|| Forty-sixth...... 113.5 111. 27 + .49 
Twentieth ...... 116.5 114, 21 — .50 || Forty-seventh-.- 113.0 110.78 — .49 
Twenty-first -... 116.5 114. 21 + .00 || Forty-eighth .... 113.0 110. 78 + .00 
Twenty-second - 116.0 113. 72 — .49 || Forty-ninth ..... 113.0 110. 78 + .00 
Twenty-third ... 115.5 113. 23 — ~49.\| Wiftieth?=<-2s.-.- 112.5 110. 29 — .49 
Twenty-fourth. .| 115.0 112. 74 = 49) || Bifty-frstose-ee 113.0 110. 78 + .49 
Twenty-fifth ....| 115.7 113. 43 + .69|)| Sixtiethh aes -= 112.5 110. 29 — .49 
Twenty-sixth ... 115.0 112. 74 — .69 || Sixty-seventh ... 111.0 108. 82 —1.47 
Twenty-seventh| 115.0 112.74 + .00 | Seventy-fourth -. 109.5 | 107.35 —1.47 
Twenty-eighth. . 114.8 112.55 = 219 


aChange of solution. 


No, 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 809 
Preservative: 15 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). 
[Condition of brain: Medium. ] 
Percent Additional weighings. 
Weight of of change 
brain |Weightof Per cent Weight of Per cent) between 
, | Date of |immedi-| brain of brain of the end of Per cent 
® |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original) after1 | original) first and Mate Weight of 
= after ex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight. end * lof brain.| original 
5 traction. of fourth weight. 
a week. 
1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 
34..| June 8 107.0 121.0} 1138.08 118.2 110. 47 —2.31} Aug. 8 114.0 106, 54 
Bosses ssO's ce 111.0 126.0 118. 51 123.5 111. 26 —1'.98) |.....-d0-2/2 120.0 108, 11 
Boose aseGOres 91.0 106. 0 116.48 105. 0 115. 38 — .941/....do-.. 101.0 110. 99 
SiealesscdOl ee 94.0 105. 0 111.70 103.5 110. 11 —1.43 |....do... 100.0 106. 38 
Does Ped O ae 106. 0 122.0 115. 09 120.4 | 113.58 Holy eee Oma 117.0 110. 38 
BOP Oe ee 111.8 129, 2 115. 56 127.0 | 113.59 AO) |ha-COrae 122.5 109. 57 
Arata eGOnar 119.0 133.4 112.10 130.5 109. 66 2S lee ee Olan 126.5 106. 30 
42..| June 9 103.0 1138.5 110.19 112.5 109. 22 — .88} Aug. 9 103.5 100. 48 
AB lest c Owes 98.5 106.0 107. 61 104.0 105. 58 =—alstsie} loon Ol loas 99.5 101. 01 
44a|....do 97.0 105.8 109. 08 99. 5 102. 58 —é. 95 .-do. 94.0 96. 91 
aAt6c. ce. per gram. 
[Brain weighed daily. Received June 9, 1905. Original weight, 105.5 grams. ] 
Change in Change in 
Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute of of original Attheendof | Absolute) of of original 
day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight 
weight. | from day | weight. | from day 
to day. to day. 
Grams. } | Grams. 
UTS bcc a,cssciaterci= as 112.0 106. 16 +6.16 |} Twenty-ninth ... 111.0 105. 21 +0. 00 
BECO scceer ce. 114.0 108.05 +1.89 || Thirtietha....... 110.5 104. 74 — AT 
‘TDA (6 | ae eee 115.0 109. 00 + .95 || Thirty-first ...... 111.5 105. 68 + .94 
INDWRNE IY Aaa sence 116.0 109. 95 + .95 || Thirty-second ... 111.0 105. 21 — 47 
Murphy 4: Sees = 114.5 108. 53 —1.42 || Thirty-third..... 111.5 105. 68 + .47 
Std da Gaeesemaaae 115. 2 109. 19 + .66 || Thirty-fourth.... Waa 105. 40 — .28 
Seventh « .._.... 114.5 108. 53 — .66 |! Thirty-fifth...... 110.5 104. 74 — .66 
Wie hiihle a. Se secs 115.5 109. 48 + .95 || Thirty-sixth..... 110.5 104. 74 + .00 
Ment: <2 20-22 114.5 108. 53 — .95 || Thirty-seventh .. 110.5 104. 74 + .00 
Eleventh ....... 115.0 109. 00 + .47 || Thirty-eighth ... 110.0 104, 26 — .48 
mvelitinn 5. .he=< 114.5 108. 53 — .47 || Thirty-ninth .... 109.5 103. 79 — .47 
Thirteenth..._.. 114.0 108. 05 — .48 || Fortieth......... 109.5 103.79 + .00 
Fourteenth ..... 114.0 108. 05 + .00 || Forty-first ....... 109.0 103. 31 — .48 
Fifteenth ....... 113.5 107.58 — .47 || Forty-second .... 108. 0 102. 37 — .94 
Sixteenth ....... ily 7/ 107.77 + .19 |) Forty-third ...... 107.5 101.90 — .47 
Seventeenth .... 113.5 107.58 — .19 |; Forty-fourth .... 107.5 101. 90 + .00 
Eighteenth ..... 113.0 107. 11 — .47 || Forty-fifth....... 107.5 101. 90 + .00 
Nineteenth ..... 112.0 106. 16 — .95 || Forty-sixth...... 106.5 100. 95 — .95 
Twentieth ...... 113.0! 107.11 + .95 |! Forty-seventh ... 107.0 101. 42 + .47 
Twenty-first .... 112.5 106. 63 — .48 | Forty-eighth .... 106.5 100. 95 — .47 
Twenty-second . 111.5 105. 68 — .95| Forty-ninth ..... 106.5 100. 95 + .00 
Twenty-third ... 112.0 106. 16 so 45) |) MLetO 2 = ste a 106.0 100. 47 — .48 
Twenty-fourth... L112 105. 40 = 76) Hiftty-first..--.2.- 106.0 100. 47 + .00 
Twenty-fifth .... 111.5 105, 68 + .28) Fifty-ninth...... 105.0 99. 52 == pitl 
Twenty-sixth -.. 111.5 105. 68 + .00 | Sixty-sixth ...... 104. 6 98. 58 — .94 
Twenty-seventh 111.0 105, 21 — .47| Seventy-third ... 103. 5 98.10 — .48 
Twenty-eighth. . 111.0 105, 21 + .00 


aChange of solution, 


310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Preservative: Saturated solution of salt, with 5 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). 


[Condition of brain: Medium. ] 


Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of FOE COLYER 0 2) 
| brain |Weight of) Per cent Weight of Percent) between 
- | Date of |immedi-| brain of | brain of — theend of Per cent 
5 |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original after] | original) first and Dare Weight of 
il afterex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight.) end * lof brain. original 
= traction. of fourth weight. 
Z week. 
1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. | 1905. Grams. 
56..| June 9 | 95.2 86.0 90. 33 81.5 85. 61 —5.23 | Aug. 9 80.5 84.56 
Sy heel Ree do ...| 105.0 99.0 94.28 95.5 90. 95 —3.54 |....do... 92.5 88. 09 
[ape ees does 107.7 100.5 93. 31 96.5 89. 78 —3.98 |....do.-. 95.0 88. 21 
3 eS aoe aoe 103.0 94.2 91.45 90.5 87. 86 —3. 93 |....do... 89.5 86. 89 
(iE eee done: 102.0 93.5 91. 66 89.5 87.74 = 4.08) |2-.00' 2 88.5 | 86.76 
61..| June 10 102.5 93.5 91, 22 90. 0 87.80 —3.74 | Aug. 10 84.5 82. 44 
pane ae do... 104.0 99.0 95.19 95.5 91. 82 —3.54 |....do... 92.5 88. 94 
64. 2lb sce Colones 89.7 84.5 94. 20 81.5 90. 86 —3.55 |....do... 78.5 87.51 
cae eco Coe 84.5 79.5 94.08 77.0 91.12 = 3516) |5..-00.--¢ 74.0 87.57 
66a). = dos 2 95.5 89.0 93.19 86.0 90.05 | 31 Ol) | 2--GOmas} 78.0 81. 67 
aAt 6c. c. per gram. 
[Brain weighed daily. Received June 10, 1905. Original weight, 101 grams.] 
; » ar : | 
5 “a Per ee 5 ; Per cent 
2 Hanae : Absolute of 2 a 8 Absolute of 
g Date weighed. weight. | original g Date weighed. weight, | original 
3 weight. || 5 weight. 
Grams. Grams. 
68-2) June 111905... oie cccee 95.5 94.55 |) 68.) June 15, 1905.......--.-.... 93. 2 92. 27 
June 12, 1905 ..... as 95.0 94. 05 JUNE 16 WO0Rs soo eee acne 93.5 92.57 
| June 13, 1905 ..... ee 94.5 93. 56 | June} 1905s s=- 28 eecee 93.0 92. 08 
June 4 190Gb eee cece 93.5 92.57 


no. 1451. BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 311 
Preservative: 1,030 sp. gr. salt solution, with 5 per cent formalin. 
{Condition of brain: Medium. ]} 
Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of of change 
brain |Weight of/Per cent Weight of Percent) between 
| Dateof immedi-| brain of | brain of the end of Per cent 
2 | autopsy.| ately after1 |original) after1 |original| first and Dat Weight of 
q | after ex-| week. | weight., month. | weight. end we. lof brain.| original 
5 traction. of fourth weight. 
7 week. | 
| 
1905, Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 
100.) June 138 112.0 115.0 | 102.68 113.5 101. 34 —1.30 | Aug 13 111.0 99. 11 
LOM edo? 101.0 97.5 96.53 | 96. 0 95. 05 —1.54 |....do... 93.5 92.57 
1022 |. =-.d0)e- 107.0 111.5 104. 20 109.5 | 102.33 —1.79 |....do. 107.5 100. 47 
103.|....do. 97.0 93.0 95, 87 91.5 94. 33 —1.61 .-do 89.0 91.75 
1042 ee doe 94.0 90.5 96. 27 89.0 94. 68 —1.66 |:...do. 88.0 93. 62 
LOSE -e Gov. 106. 0 99.5 93. 86 98.0 92.45 — Die Ol 96.5 91. 04 
106.|....do. 105.5 101.5 96. 21 99.5 94. 31 —1.97 |....do 96. 0 91. 00 
1053 eee adorn. 95.0 93.5 98. 42 91.0 95. 79 —2. 67 Feta ley 88.5 93.16 
1094 Beeedo ee 97.0 94.0 96. 91 90.5 93. 29 -3. 72 =a(6ks) = 87.0 89. 69 
110a|....do. 105.0 99.0 94. 28 97.0 92. 38 —2.02 |....do. 93.5 89. 05 
| 
aAt6c. c. per gram. 
[Brain weighed daily. Received June 18, 1905. Original weight, 103 grams.] 
Change in Change in 
e Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute of of original At the end of | Absolute | of of original 
day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight 
weight. | from day weight. | from day 
to day to day. 
Grams. 
99. 51 —0.49 || Twenty-eighth -. 96.5 93. 69 —0.97 
98. 54 — .97 || Twenty-ninth -.. 96.5 93. 69 + .00 
98. 54 + .00 || Thirtietha....... 96.5 93. 69 + .00 
97.08 =1-46) || Lhirty-first= 22 22- 96.3 93. 49 — .20 
97. 08 + .00 || Thirty-second ... 96. 0 93. 20 — .29 
97. 08 + ,00 || Thirty-third..... 96.5 98. 69 + .49 
97, 28 + .20 || Thirty-fourth.... 95.0 | 92.23 — .46 
97.08 — .20 || Thirty-fifth...... 95.5 92.72 + .49 
97.57 + .49 || Thirty-sixth..... 95.0 92, 23 — .49 
Eleventh........ 99°5 96. 60 — .97 || Thirty-seventh -. 95. 5 | 92.72 + .49 
Mwelftht. 2522. 99.5 96. 60 + .00 || Thirty-eighth ... 95.5 92. 72 + .00 
Thirteenth...... 99. 0 96.11 — .49 || Thirty-ninth .... 95. 0 92. 23 — .49 
Fourteenth ..... 99. 5 96. 60 + .49 || Fortieth .......-. 95.5 92. 72 + .49 
Fifteenth ....... 98.5 95. 63 — .97 || Forty-first ....... 95.0 92°23 — .49 
Sixteenth ....... 98.0 95. 14 — .49 || Forty-second .... 95.5 92.72 + .49 
Seventeenth .... 97.5 94. 66 — .48 || Forty-third...... 95. 5 92. 72 + .00 
Eighteenth ..... 97.5 94. 66 + .00 || Forty-fourth..... 95. 0 92, 23 — .49 
Nineteenth ..... 97.5 94. 66 + .00 || Forty-fifth....... 95. 0 92, 23 + .00 
Twentieth ...... 97.5 94. 66 + .00 || Forty-sixth...... 95.0 92. 23 + .00 
Twenty-first..... 98.0 95, 14 + .48 || Forty-seventh ... 94.5 91.75 — .48 
Twenty-second . 98.0 95.14 + .00 || Forty-eighth .... 94.5 91.75 + .00 
Twenty-third ... 97.5 94. 66 — .48 || Forty-ninth ..... 94.5 91.75 + .00 
Twenty-fourth. . 97.5 94. 66 —00)||) Rittiethy... 2. 4...- 95.0 92. 23 + .48 
Twenty-fifth .... 98.0 95.14 + .48 || Fifty-first........ 94.5 91.75 — .48 
Twenty-sixth ... 97.5 94. 66 — .48 || Sixty-first .....-- 94.0 91. 24 — .51 
Twenty-seventh 97.5 94. 66 + .00 |} Sixty-eighth..... 92.5 89. 81 —1. 43 


a Change of solution. 


312 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. XXX. 


Preservative: 1,015 sp. gr. salt solution with 5 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). 


[Condition of brain: Medium.] 


| | Percent} Additional weighings. 
Weight of f of change 
brain Weightof Per cent Weightof|Per cent) between 
- | Date of |immedi- brain of brain of the end of Per cent 
5 | autopsy. | ately after 1 |original, after 1 | original) first and Tate Weight of 
a /afterex-| week. | weight.) month. | weight. end of brain.| original 
| traction. | of fourth weight. 
%, week. 
1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 
131.| June 16 102.0 104.5 102. 45 103.0 100. 98 —1.43 | Aug. 16 98.5 96. 57 
1b eg ae to eee 116.0 LAD) 10129 115.5 99. 57 1570" | ee dorsalt, LOND: 95. 26 
Be Pee gOl a 123.0 125.5 | 102.038 122.5 99. 60 = 2.39005. dO see 117.0 95, 12 
| | 


[Brain weighed daily. 


Received June 16, 1905. 


a At6¢. ¢, per gram. 


Original weight, 114 grams. ] 


‘ Change in |, 
| Per cent | percentage Per cent 
At the end of | Absolute of of original | Attheendof | Absolute of 

day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original 
weight. | from day weight. 

to day. 

| 
Grams. Grams. 

IPR iins se s1-2 55. 5 113.5 99. 56 —0.44 || Twenty-eighth -. 112.5 98. 68 
PNICG 2s voces coe 115.5 101.31 +1.75 || Twenty-ninth ... 112.0 98. 25 
Ropriliees 2-2 ee. 116.0 101. 75 + .44 || Thirtietha ...... 112.0 98. 25 
Mitth 235.2224. c0% on 116.0 101 75 + .00 |} Thirty-first ...... 112.0 98.25 
Sixth ce ode an 115.5 101. 31 — .44 || Thirty-second ... 111.5 97.81 
Seventha ......-. 115.5 101. 31 + .00 || Thirty-third..... 111.5 97. 81 
Righth-.2 8s 116.0 | 101.75 + .44 |) Thirty-fourth....| 111.0 97.37 
Ninth.< <b eee. 116.0; 101.75 + .00 || Thirty-fifth...... 110.5 96. 93 
Menthe ss ccn ace 115.5 | 101.31 — .44 || Thirty-sixth..... 110.5 96. 93 
Eleventh ....... 116.5) 102.19 + .88 || Thirty-seventh -. 110.5 96. 93 
Mwelfth:. 7.2.4. | 115.5) 101.31 — .88 || Thirty-eighth -.. 110.5 96. 93 
Thirteenth. ...-. 114.8 100.70 — .61 || Thirty-ninth .... 110.5 96. 93 
Fourteenth ..... 114.5 | 100.44 | — .26 || Fortieth......... 110.0| 96.49 
Fifteenth ....... 114.5 100. 44 | + .00 || Forty-first ......- 109.5 96. 05 
Sixteenth ....-. A 114.0 | 100. 00 | — .44 } Forty-second .... 109.5 96. 05 
Seventeenth ....) 114.0 100. 00 + .00 || Forty-third...... 109.0 95. 61 
Eighteenth ..... 114.0 | 100.00 | + .00 || Forty-fourth .... 108. 5 95.17 
Nineteenth ..... 113.8 99. 82 | - .18 || Forty-fifth....... 108. 0 94.73 
Twentieth ...... | 112.5 99. 56 — .26 || Forty-sixth...... 108. 0 94. 73 
Twenty-first ....| 113.5 99.56 + .00 || Forty-seventh ... 108.5 95.17 
Twenty-second .-} 113.5 99. 56 + .00 || Forty-eighth .... 108. 0 94.73 
Twenty-third --.| 113.5 99. 56 + .00 || Forty-ninth ..... 108.0 94.73 
Twenty-fourth. .| 113.0 99. 12 -- .44 || Piftieth:-...2.223 108.0 94.73 
Twenty-fifth .... 113.0 99, 12 + .00 || Fifty-first.......: 107.5 94,29 
Twenty-sixth ... 112.5 98. 68 | .44 || Sixty-first ....... 106.5 93. 42 
Twenty-seventh 112.0 98. 25 .43 || Sixty-eighth..... 106.0 92. 98 


aChange of solution, 


Change in 
percentage 
| of original 
weight 
from day 
to day. 


Pe eS sti Nall eset ele atta lila | bee 


No. 1451, 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 


313 


Preservative: Saturated solution of alum, with 5 per cent formalin (3 ¢. ¢. per gram). 


[Condition of brain: Medium.] 


Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of of change 
brain |Weight of Per cent| Weight of/Per cent| between 

2 | Date of |immedi-} brain of brain of the end of Per cent 

2 |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original| after1 | original} first and Date Weight of 

z after ex-} week. | weight.} month. | weight. end ~* lof brain.) original 

3 traction. of fourth weight. 

7, week. 

1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 

45..| June 9 109.5 84.5 lide ske 79.5 72.60 — 5.92; Aug. 9 78.0 yA lay5 
AG Se se QOle 103. 0 76.5 74.27 72.5 70.39 = Di2o janes GOmes 71.0 68. 93 
AO SOO). < 102.5 78.0 76. 09 (EU Chey, — 6.41 .-do 71.5 69.75 
EA eset Cones 92.0 72.0 78. 26 68.5 74. 45 — 4.86 .-do 66.0 71.74 
DO= 2). 2 --a0.- 100. 5 78.0 77.61 73.0 72.63 — 6.41 200% 71.5 71.14 
plete dorm. . 100.8 77.0 76.38 W255 71. 92 — §.84 |.... do (ales) 70. 93 
posse .-00. 109.7 84.2 76.75 ESA 2s 29) — 6.82 |....do 78.5 71.56 
Tod Ae Cala) 88. 0 67.0 76.13 68.5 | 72.16 =D 22 eee cOle 63.0 71.59 
tates Era Vay 115.0 94.0 81.74 85.5 74. 35 = 9.04 |....do 83.5 72. 61 
55a|....do 125, 2 103.0 82. 26 92.0 | 73.48 —10. 68 ..do 89.5 71. 48 


[Brain weighed daily. 


aAt6 ec. ec. per gram, 


Received June 9, 1905. Original weight, 101 grams.] 


Change in Change in 
Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute of of original At the end of | Absolute of of original 
day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight 
weight. | from day weight. | from day 
to day. > | to day. 
Grams. Grams. 

HOUTIS bie ieis eee sees 87.0 86.14 —138.86 || Twenty-ninth ... 71.5 70.79 +0. 00 
RBECONG sen ensccse 83.5 82. 67 — 3.47 || Thirtietha....... 71.0 70. 29 — .50 
hid ss. S255. 81.0 80.19 — 2.48 || Thirty-first ...... 71.5 70.79 + .50 
HoOuUrth:. 2.2 2e sss 79.3 78. 51 — 1.68 |} Thirty-second ... 71.0 70. 29 — .50 
RE Mes =. cease cee 78.0 ieee — 1,29 || Thirty-third..... 71.5 70.79 + .50 
sibs] ee eee es 76.5 75.74 — 1.48 || Thirty-fourth ... 71.5 70.79 + .00 
Seventha ....... 75.0 74.25 — 1.49 |} Thirty-fifth...... ales 70.79 + .00 
Biphitih 2-22 oss 75.5 74.75 + .50 || Thirty-sixth..... 71.0 70. 29 — .50 
Wenthle 52. a5. 73.5 72.77 — 1.98 || Thirty-seventh -. 71.5 70. 79 | + .50 
Eleventh ....... 73.5 (PACE .00 | Thirty-eighth ... 71.5 70.79 + .00 
Mwelfth.....0... 73.0 Wae2d, — .50!) Thirty-ninth .... 71.3 70. 59 — .20 
Mhirteenth.-.... 72.8 72.08 ==) 19) Rortiethis- cs... .c 71.0 70. 29 — .30 
Fourteenth ..... 73.0 72.27 + .19 || Forty-first ....... 71.0 70. 29 + .00 
Fifteenth ....... 72.0 71.78 — .49 || Forty-second .... 71.5 70.79 + .50 
Sixteenth ...-.-. 73.0 72.27 + .49 || Forty-third 71.0 70. 29 — .00 
Seventeenth .... PEG) 71.78 — .49 || Forty-fourth .... 71.0 70. 29 + .00 
Eighteenth ..... 73.0 TOT + .49 || Forty-fifth....... 71.0 70, 29 + .00 
Nineteenth ..... 72.0 71. 28 — .99 || Forty-sixth...... 71.0 70. 29 + .00 
Twentieth ...... 71.5 70.79 — .49 || Forty-seventh ... 71.5 70.79 + .50 
Twenty-first .... 71.5 70.79 + .00 || Forty-eighth .... 71.0 70. 29 — .50 
Twenty-second . 71.8 70. 79 + .00 || Forty-ninth ..... 71.0 70.29 + .00 
Twenty-third ... led 70. 99 =) 20) Burtiethy 22.2.2. 71.0 70.29 + .00 
Twenty-fourth... 71.5 70.79 — .20 || Fifty-first........ 70.5 69. 80 — .49 
Twenty-fifth.... 71.8 71.09 + .30 || Sixty-first ....... 70.0 69.31 — .49 
Twenth-sixth... 71.5 70.79 — .30 || Sixty-eighth..... 69.5 68. 81 — .50 
Twenty-seventh 72.0 71. 28 + .49 || Seventy-fifth .... 69.5 68. 81 + .00 

Twenty-eighth . 71.5 70.79 — .49 


a Change of solution. 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 
Preservative: One-third saturated solution of alum, with 5 per cent formalin (3 c. c. per gram). 


[Condition of brain: Medium.]j 


Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of) of change 
brain Weightof Per cent Weightof Per cent) between 
- | Date of |immedi-| brain of brain of the end of Per cent 
5 autopsy.| ately | after] |original| after1 | original) first and Date Weight of 
= afterex-| week. | weight.) month. | weight. end * lof brain. original 
| traction. of fourth weight. 
%, week, 
1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 
89..| June 12 106. 0 | 106.5 | 100.47 96.5} 91.04 — 9.39 | Aug. 12 90.5 85. 38 
9025\2..20d0;.-- 97.0 | 97.5 | 100.51 86.5 89.17 —11. 27 -2d0=.. 79.0 81. 44 
91..| June 13 116.5 | 114.0} 97.85 107.0 91. 84 — 6.14} Aug. 13 | 20180 86. 69 
LP e| ato Fo yeaa 105.5} 104.0) 98.57 99.3] 94.12) — 4.62)....do...) 95.0 90. 05 
[oy eee Co ee 116.0 | 113.0 97. 41 106.5 91.81 — 5.75 mea koyee 100. 0 86. 21 
95 Soke 120.0 120.5 100. 42 115.5 96, 25 Sg U5) oo -do 109. 0 90. 83 
fay ee Vo eerses 113.C 112.5) 99.55 107.0 94, 69 — 4.89 |....do... 103.5 91.59 
722 )-_ -dOlse- 110.0 | 111.0 | 100.90 | 105.8 96.18 — 4.68 2-005 99.5 90. 45 
OR re ane200 222 103:0'] 101-5 | 98/54) 96.5 | 98.69 | — 4.92)\"2-"do sc. 92.0 89. 32 
99a ec (oleae 122.0 | 119.5 97.95 | 113:'0) 925/62 — 5.44 -2do0ee) | LOSS 88. 93 


aAt6c. c. per gram. 


[Brain weighed daily. 


Received June 13, 1905. 


Original weight, 108 grams.] 


Change in Change in 
Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute} of of original At the end of | Absolute of of original 
day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight 
weight. | from day weight. | from day 
to day. to day. 
Grams. Grams. 
Birst:. sess cce | 112.0 103. 70 3.70 || Twenty-eighth .. 92.0 85.19 —0.46 
Second. eo | 110.0 101. 85 —1.85 || Twenty-ninth .-.. 92.5 85. 65 + .46 
DAP: A: eat. } 108.5 | 100.46 —1.39 || Thirtietha......- 92.0 85.19 — .46 
WOUTUH S55 soe ee 108.0; 100.00 — .46 || Thirty-first ...... 90.5 | 83. 79 —1.40 . 
Sih a Ree 105.0 | 97.22 2.78 || Thirty-second .-. 90.0 83.33 — .46 
Seventha....... 103.5 95. 83 -1.39 || Thirty-third ..... 90. 0 83.33 + .00 
Mlghth ee -oJ2 iP atOSh0 95. 37 — .46 || Thirty-fourth.... 89.5 82. 87 — .46 
Ninithie: 2.62 aan 102.5 94.91 — .46 || Thirty-fifth?.-_.- 89.0 82. 41 — .46 
entice sscee so 101.5 93. 98 - .93 || Thirty-sixth-—.: 88.5 81.94 — .47 
Eleventh ....... 100.0 92.59 —1.39 || Thirty-seventh -. 88.5 81.94 + .00 
Twelfth. ....:..- 100. 2 | 92. 78 + .19 || Thirty-eighth -.. 88.5 81. 94 + .00 
Chirteenth....-. 98.5 | 91. 20 —1.58 || Thirty-ninth .... 88.0 81.48 — .46 
Fourteenth ....-. 97.5 | 90, 28 = .92 || Hortietives-sesees 87.5 81. 02 — .46 
Fifteenth ....... 97.5 | 90.28 | + .00 || Forty-first ....... 87.3 80. 83 — .19 
Sixteenth ....... 97.5 | 90, 28 + .00 || Forty-second .... 87.0 80. 55 — .28 
Seventeenth .... 96.6 89. 44 | — .84 || Forty-third...... $7.0} 80.55 + .00 
Eighteenth ..... 95.5 88. 42 —1.02 |) Forty-fourth..... 86.5 | 80. 09 — .46 
Nineteenth ..... 95.5! 88.42 + .00 |! Forty-fifth....... 86.5) 80. 09 + .00 
Twentieth ...... 95.0 | 87.96 | - .46 || Forty-sixth...... 86.5 80. 09 + .00 
Twenty-first .... 94.2 87.22 | — .74 || Forty-seventh ... 86.0 79. 63 — .46 
Twenty-second . 94.0 87. 04 .18 || Forty-eighth .... 86.0 79. 63 + .00 
Twenty-third -.. 94.0 87. 04 + .00 || Forty-ninth ..... 86.0 79. 63 + .00 % 
Twenty-fourth. . 94.0 87. 04 | (00) | |Get eee eenee 86.0 79. 63 + .00 
Twenty-fifth .... 93.5 | 86.57 | — .47 || Fifty-first........ 86.0 79. 638 + .00 
Twenty-sixth ...| 93.5] 86.57 | + .00 || Sixty-first ....... 85.5 79.17 — .46 
Twenty-seventh 92.5 85. 65 — .92 || Sixty-eighth..... 84.0 77.78 —1.39 
| 


a Change of solution. 


No. 1451. 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 


315 


Preservative: One-fifth saturated solution of alum, with 5 per cent formalin (3c. c. per gram). 


[Condition of brain: Medium. ] 


Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of OU) 
brain |Weight of Per cent Weight of|/Per cent) between 
“o Date of |immedi-| brain of | brain of ithe end of | ‘Per cent 
® |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original| after1 |original) first and Date Weight of 
e afterex-| week. | weight. | month. | weight.) end ate. lof brain. original 
= traction. of fourth weight. 
Z | week. 
| _ 1905. Grams. | Grams. | Grams. 1905. | Grams. | 
111.) June 13 99.0 102.0 | 103.03 94.5 95.45 | — 7.35 | Aug. 13 | 0 | 82. 82 
113. June 16 108.5 109.5 100. 92 100.5 92. 62 | 8.22 | Aug. 16 5 85. 25 
aa ee do. 108.0 111.0 | 102.78 101.5 93. 98 — S56 alee dois 65) 88. 42 
115.|....do - 96. 0 99.0 | 103.12 90.5 94, 27 — 8.58 Omer Bi (0) 86. 46 
INGA se- Oe 116.0 116.5 | 100.43 106.5 91.81 | — 8.58 |....do. (1 85. 34 
TUN pepe Koi 108.5 108.5 | 100.00 99.0 ISDA er Se brlmeeedowen| 5 | 87.09 
TIE | saqateloy = 115.0 116.0 100. 87 105. 5 91.74 — 9.05 = soy | } | 85. 65 
TOS Sn ec do. 109.5 108.5 99. 09 98.5 89.95 | — 9.21 ]....do. 84. 47 
120.|....do - 112.5 113.0} 100,44 98.5 87.56 | —12.83 -do . 81.77 
IPA Kei See e(okay A 126.0 124.0 98. 41 114.5 90. 88 — 7.66 do. | 84.13 


aAt6c. c. per gram. 


[Brain weighed daily. Received June 13, 1905. Original weight, 100.2 grams.] 


At the end of 
day. 


Betis sas: 
Benth... -. 2 o.- 


Fourteenth 
Fifteenth 
Sixteenth 
Seventeenth --.-.. 
Eighteenth 
Nineteenth 
Twentieth 

Twenty-first 
Twenty-second . 
Twenty-third ... 
Twenty-fourth... 
Twenty-fifth -... 
Twenty-sixth ... 
Twenty-seventh 


_— 


Change in | Change in 
Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage 
Absolute of of original At the end of | Absolute of | of original 

weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight 
weight. | from day weight. | from day 

to day. to day. 

Grams. | Grams. 
108.5 108. 29 +3.29 || Twenty-eighth -. 92.5 92.31 —0. 50 
105.5 105. 28 +1.99 || Twenty-ninth --. 92.5 92. 31 + .00 
106.5 105. 97 + .69 | Thirtieth a... -... 92.5 92.31 + .00 
104. 3 103. 78 —2.19 || Thirty-first ...... 91.5 91.31 | —1.00 
103. 2 102.78 —1.00 | Thirty-second -.. 90. 0 89. 82 —1.49 
102.5 101.99 — .79 || Thirty-third...-.- 89.5 89.31 | — .dl 
102.5 101.99 + .00 || Thirty-fourth.... 88.5 88. 32 — .99 
101.5 101. 29 — .70 |} Thirty-fifth .....- 88.0 | 87. 82 — .50 
101.0 100. 79 — .60 || Thirty-sixth..... 88. 0 87. 82 | + .00 
100.5 100. 29 — .90 || Thirty-seventh .. 87.0 86. 82 —1.00 
100.0 99. 80 — .49 |! Thirty-eighth -... 87.0 | 86. 82 + .00 
99. 0 98. 80 —1.00 || Thirty-ninth .... 86.5 | 86.32 | es 0 
98.5 98. 30 — .50 || Fortieth......... 86.5 86. 32 + .00 
98.0 97. 80 — 00) ||) Horty-first--22- == 86.5 | 86. 32 + .00 
97.5 97.31 — .49 || Forty-second ..-.- 85.5 85. 32 —1.00 
97.0 96. 51 — .60 || Forty-third.....-. 85. 5 | 85. 32 | + .00 
96. 0 95. 81 —1.00 || Forty-fourth..... 85.0 | 84.83 — .49 
96. 0 95, 81 + .00 || Forty-fifth....... 84.5 | 84.33 — .50 
95.5 95. 31 — .50 || Forty-sixth.....-. 84.0 | 83. 83 + .50 
95. 2 95. OL — .30 | Forty-seventh ... 84.0 | 83. 83 + .00 
95.2 95, 01 + .00 | Forty-eighth .... S89 5i| eaeS9 = 550 
94.5 94.31 — .70 | Forty-ninth ..... 83.5 | 83.33 + .00 
94.5 94.31 oe p00)! || WasbinfsinoW Sonesaeae 84.0 |) $8.83 + .50 
93.5 93. 31 =1,00' | Pifty-first....:--- 83.5 | 88. 83 =) 550 
93.5 93. 31 + .00 | Sixty-first ....... 83.0 82.83 —1.00 
93.0 92. 81 — .50 | Sixty-eighth..... 81.5 81. 33 —1.50 
aChange of solution, 
. 


316 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL, XXX. 


Preservative: One-third saturated solution of alwm, sodium chloride up to 1,030 sp. gr., with 


10 per cent formalin. 


{Condition of brain: Medium.] 


| Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of of change 
brain Weightof/Per cent|Weight of/Per cent) between 
2 | Date of immedi-| brain (0) brain of the end of Percent 
3 |autopsy.| ately after 1 |original) after1 |original| firstand | ),;,. | Weight| of 
g afterex-| week. | weight.| month. | weight. end * lof brain.) original 
| traction. | of fourth weight. 
A week. 
1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams, 1905. Grams. 
78..| June 12 108.0 | 98.0 90. 7 85.0 78.70 —13.26 | Aug. 12 17.5 71.76 
WOE AN ee Ola = 115. 2 | 106.0 92.01 99.0 85. 94 — 6.60 |....do... 94.5 82.03 
80..|....do 108. 0 99.0 91. 66 86.5 80. 09 —12.62 |....do... 78.0 72. 22 
1 Dae ee do. 111.5 102.0 91.48 91.5 &2. 06 —10.29 |....do..- 81.5 73.09 
Bue ess do 104.0 94.5 90. 86 83.0 79.81 | —12.17 100's- 73.5 70. 67 
BOcaleoss do. 101.0. 91.5 90. 59 79.5 78.71 —13.11 00 a= 71.5 70.79 
(27: Geet aaa do. 113.0 102.0 90. 26 89.0 78.76 —12.74 |....do... 80.5 71.24 
(Se mee do 95.5 90.5 94.76 78.0 81. 67 —13-. 81/5. 220d0-62 69.5 W2tt 
S722)... 0 | 100.5 97.5 97. 01 85.0 84. 57 —12. 82 |....do... 76.5 76.12 
sala Sana z 115.5 108.5 98. 94 96.0 83.12 — ll D2 Neen eee 85.5 74.03 


[Brain weighed daily. 


aAt6e. c. per gram. 


Received June 12, 1905. Original weight, 105 grams. ] 


| Change in 
Percent percentage 
At the end of | Absolute | of | of original 
day. weight. original weight 
weight. | from day 
| to day. 
Grams. | 
Mirst si2ce~ 53s eo 102555) 97. 62 —2.38 
Second. 2. 2c).2- 98.5 | 93. 81 —3.81 
Mitr 2s. oso 98.4] 98.71 =i 
Hourth2-2:it-.8 98.0 | 93. 33 — .38 
Livi dae eee eee 95.5 90.95 —2.38 
Seventha....... 93.5 89. 05 —1.90 
1h fala Ses ree A 92.0 87. 62 —1.43 
NIUE US see ee 2.0 87. 62 + .00 
ME. - 4 eee 91.5 87.14 — .48 
Eleventh ....... 91.0] 86.67 ey 
TMyrelithe so. sass 89.5 85. 23 —1.44 
Thirteenth...... 89.5 | 85.23 | + .00 
Fourteenth ..... 89.0 84.76 — .A7 
Fifteenth ....... 88.5 | 84. 28 | — .48 
Sixteenth ....... 88.0 | 83. 81 — .47 
Seventeenth .... 86.5 | 82.38 —1.43 
Eighteenth ..... 86.5 | 82.38 + .00 
Nineteenth ..... 86.0 81. 90 — .48 
Twentieth ...... 85.5 81.43 — .47 
Twenty-first .... 85. 0 80. 95 — .48 
Twenty-second -| $4.5 80. 47 — .48 
Twenty-third ... 84.5 80. 47 + .00 |} 
Twenty-fourth. .| 83.5 79. 52 —=..90:} 
Twenty-fifth ....| 84.0 80. 00 + .48 
Twenty-sixth ... 83.5 79. 52 — .48 
Twenty-seventh | 89:65] 78257 =) 295 
Twenty-eighth . | 82.5 | 78.57 + .00 


Change in 


aChange of solution, 


i Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute of of original 
day. weight. original weight 
weight. | from day 
to day. 
Grams. 
Twenty-ninth... 83.0 79.05 +0. 47 
Thirtietha....... 82.5 78.57 — .48 
Thirty-first .:..-- 82.0 78.09 — .48 
| Thirty-second ... 81.5 77.62 — .48 
Thirty-third --..-.- 81.5 77. 62 + .00 
Thirty-fourth -.. 81.5 77.62 + .00 
Thirty-fifth...... 80.0 76.19 —1.48 
Thirty-sixth....- 80.0 76.19 + .00 
Thirty-seventh -. 80.0 76.19 + .00 
| Thirty-eighth ... 80.0 76.19 + .00 
Thirty-ninth -..- 80.0 76.19 + .00 
Rortiethe.--4--e 79.5 75.71 — .48 
Forty-first:. 2222. 79.0 75. 23 — .48 
Forty-second... 79.0 79. 23 + .00 
Forty-third....-. 79.0 75. 23 + .00 
Forty-fourth ..-- 79.0 75. 23 +. .00 
Forty-fifth....-.. 78.5 74.76 — .47 
Forty-sixth...-..- 78.0 | 74.28 — .48 
Forty-seventh -.. 77.9 73.81 — .47 
Forty-eighth .... 77.0 73. 33 — .48 | 
Forty-ninth ...--. 77.5 73.81 + .48 
| PRNPteghiiS. cseeee 77.6 | 73.81 + .00 © 
Luhaneries:| tape nae HES! 73.81 + .00 © 
Sixty-first .-..--- 77.0 | 73.33 — .48 
Sixty-seventh ... 76.0 | 72.38 — .95 
Seventy-fourth .. 76.0 72.38 + .00 


no. 1451. 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICK A 


317 


Preservative: One-third saturated solution of alum, with salt up to 1,030 sp. gr.; 5 per cent 
formalin (3 ¢. ¢. per gram). 


{Condition of brain: Medium. ] 


Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of On chante -—————— 
brain |Weight of/Per cent Weight of Per cent] between 
si | Date of |immedi-| brain of brain )||) ) ver the end of Per cent 
S& | autopsy.| ately after 1 |original| after1 | original) first and | mate Weight of 
= afterex-| week. | weight.) month. | weight. end ate. lof brain. original 
= traction, of fourth weight. 
A week, 
| 1905: Grams. Grams. Grams. 1905. Grams. 
67..; June 10 | 123.0 128.0 | 104. 06 110.5 89. 84 —13.67 | Aug. 10 94.0 76. 42 
68..| June 12 | 114.0 114.5 | 100.44 95. 0 83. 33 —17.03 | Aug. 12 87.0 76. 31 
HOME a= Ors. | 104. 5 | 107.0 | 102.37 88.5 84. 69 —17.29 ..do. 78.0 74. 64 
AE exch Ove 99.8 101.5 | 101.70 84.0 84.16 —17.24 |....do. 75.5 75. 65 
Tiel o edo 104.5 107.0 102.37 84.4 81. 72 —21.12 dor 76.0 72.73 
TESS eee hoe 109.5 110.5 100. 91 92.0 84. 02 —16. 74 |....do. 82.0 74. 88 
(Bale a8 Ke) 97.5 101.0 | 103.58 83.0 85.13 —17.82 stdoe 76.0 77.95 
74..|....do0 110.8 113.5 102. 43 97.5 87.99 —14.09 saoloys 90.5 81.68 
HO2elaeon Ove 98.0 102.0 104. 08 87.5 89.28 —14, 21 EEO 75.0 76. 53 
i@e\.222ao0 120.5 118.5 98. 34 106.5 88. 388 —10.13 SOS oe 101.5 84, 23 
aAt6c. c. per gram, 
[Brain weighed daily. Received June 12, 1905. Original weight, 108 grams. ] 
| Change in Change in 
Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute of of original Atthe end of | Absolute of of original 
day. | weight. | original weight day. weight. | original | weight 
weight. | from day weight. | from day 
to day. to day. 
Grams. Grams. 
iS Seer Soeacer ; 107.0 99.08 | —0.92 || Twenty-ninth ... 93.0 86.11 +0.00 
pecondeens 2. ae 106, 0 98.15 — .93 |} Thirtietha__.... 93.5 86.57 + .46 
Bibra soe | 105:5 97. 68 See A7al| ibinbyetins tease 91.5 84.72 = ea 
Wourth...2...... | 105.0] 97.22 — 146 || Thirty-second...| 91.0 | 84.26 — 146 
BUG Dereon See } 105.5 97.68 + .46 || Thirty-third..... 90. 5 83.79 — .47 
Seventha........ 108. 0 95. 37 —2.31 || Thirty-fourth ... 90. 5 83.79 + .00 
BaP 222 eee 102.7 95. 09 — .28 || Thirty-fifth...-.-. 89.5 82. 87 — .92 
NGO De as sca ese 100.5 93. 05 —2.04 || Thirty-sixth..... 89.5 82. 87 + .00 
Menthe c cee 100.5 93. 05 + .00 || Thirty-seventh-. 89.5 82. 87 +200 
Eleventh........ 100.5 93. 05 + .00 ||} Thirty-eighth ... 89.0 82. 41 — .46 
Mw eltth = 15-5252 100. 0 92.59 — .46 | Thirty-ninth .... 88.5 81. 94 — .47 
Thirteenth. ..... } 99. 0 91.67 — ,92 || Fortieto...:...-- 89.0 82.41 + .47 
Fourteenth ..... 98.5 91. 20 — .47 || Forty-first .....-- 89.0 82. 41 + .00 
Fifteenth .....-. 97 0 89. 81 —1.39 || Forty-second .... 89.5 82. 87 + .46 
Sixteenth .:...-.. 96.8 89. 63 — .18 || Forty-third.....-. 89. 0 82. 41 — .46 
Seventeenth -...| 95.5 88. 42 —1.21 || Forty-fourth..... 89.0 82. 41 + .00 
Eighteenth -.... 96. 0 88. 89 + .47 || Forty-fifth.....-. 87.5 81. 02 —1.39 
Nineteenth ..... 96.5 89. 35 + .46 || Forty-sixth .....-. 88.0 81. 48 + .46 
Twentieth ...... 95.8 88. 70 — .65 || Forty-seventh ... 87.5 81. 02 — .46 
Twenty-first... .. 95, 5 88. 42 — .28 || Forty-eighth..... 88.0 81.48 + .46 
Twenty-second. . 95.0 87. 96 — .46 || Forty-ninth...... 87.5 81. 02 — .46 
Twenty-third ... 95.0 87.96 + .00 || Fiftieth.......... 87.5 81.02 + .00 
Twenty-fourth... 94.5 87.50 — .46 || Fifty-first........ 88.0 81.48 + .46 
* Twenty-fifth .... 94.3 87.31 = .19 || Sixty-first.......- 87.5 81. 02 — .46 
Twenty-sixth ... 94. 0 87.03 ~— .28 || Sixty-seventh ... 86.5 80. 09 — .93 
_Twenty-seventh 93.0 86. 11 -- .92 || Seventy-fourth -. 86.0 79. 63 — .46 
Twenty-eighth .. 93.0 86. 11 + .00 


aChange of solution. 


518 


Preservative: Eighty parts of 95 per cent alcohol and 20 parts of 5 per cent formalin (3¢.c. | 


g 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


per gram). 


(Condition of brain: Medium.] 


Weight of 
brain 
Date of | immedi- 


it 
& | autopsy.| ately 
g after ex- 
z, | 

I 1905. Grams. 
123.) June 16 
| ano” 
126. <ad0 Go: 
125b 


ie POO 


traction. 


Per cent 
of change 
Per cent Weight of Per cent; between 
of brain of  |the end of 
original, after1 |original| first and 
weight. | month. | weight. end 
of fourth 
week. 
Grams. 
88. 72 a89.8 88. 04 —0.77 
91.45 a104.5 89. 31 —2.34 |... 
85.27 a93.5 83. 48 —2.09 |.. 
84. 90 ags.5 83. 49 —1.66 . 


[Brain weighed daily. 


aSolution not changed. 


Received June 16, 1905. 


b At 6c. c. per gram. 


At the end of 
day. 


Mifth-2 a2e seeks 
BURO cee eee ace 
Seventha....... 
Biehith she aks | 
it Phal dips yee eee | 
Men tcc essen 


Fourteenth ..... 
Fifteenth ....... 
Sixteenth ....... 
Seventeenth .... 
Eighteenth ..... 
Nineteenth ..... 
Twentieth ...... | 
Twenty-first .... 
Twenty -second . 

Twenty-third . 
Twenty- fourth..| 
Twenty-fifth . ee 
Twenty-sixth .. .| 
Twenty-seventh 


Change in 


| Per cent | percentage 
| of original |, 
original weight 


Additional y, 2ighings. 


of brain. original | 


Original weight, 109 grams.] 


At the end of | Absolute 


day. 


WoOMMNSONSCUMOMNONSMoMUIIHOMDRS 


weight. | from day 
to day. 

—2.75 || Twenty-eighth ..| 
—4.96 | Twenty-ninth... 
—1.93 || Thirtietha ...... 
—1..37 |) Dhirty-first ..---< 
—1.10 | Thirty-second ... 
+ .64 || Thirty-third..... 

| — .92 || Thirty-fourth ... 

| — ,92 || Thirty-fifth...... 

+ .00 || Thirty-six .-..-.. ) 

+ .46 || Thirty-seventh -.| 
—1.37 || Thirty-eighth . 

— .46 || Thirty-ninth) - .-- 
+ .46 |} Fortieth ......... 
— .46 || Forty-first ....... 
+ .46 || Forty-second .... 
— .46 || Forty-third...... 

+ .46 }| Forty-fourth .... 
+ .00 || Forty-fifth......- 
+ .46 || Forty-sixth.....- 
— .46 | Forty-seventh -.. 
+ .46 | Forty-eighth ....| 
+ .00 || Forty-ninth ..... | 
— .46 || Fiftieth.......... 
+ .00 || Fifty-first........ 
+ .46 || Sixty-first ....... 
+ .45 || Sixty-fifth ....... 


aChange of solution. 


Og Gey ed Pell Baad ad a nse et bed or ars bed See er 0 ee Eee 


7 


No. 1451. 


BRAINS AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 


319 


Preservative: Sixty-five parts of 95 per cent alcohol and 35 parts of 3 per cent formalin. 


[Condition of brain: Medium. ] 


Per cent Additional weighings. 
Weight of of change = 
brain |Weightof|/Per cent) Weight of/Per cent) between 
su | Date of |immedi-| brain of brain of the end of Per cent 
& | autopsy.| ately after 1 |original) after1 joriginal| first and Date Weight of 
q after ex-| week. |weight. | month. | weight. end “of brain.| original 
3 traction. of fourth weight. 
A week. 
1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. Grams. 
128.| June 16 93.5 a89.5 95. 72 a89.0 95.18 —0.50 | Aug. 16 89.0 95.18 
1208S = -GO.sse 95.5 a92.5 96. 86 a92.0 96, 34 —0.54 |....do... 92.5 96. 86 
1306|....do... 112.0 «101.0 90.18 a98.5 7.95 —2.47 Ee Ores 99. 0 88.39 
aSolution not changed. b At 6 c. c. per gram, 
[Brain weighed daily. Received June 16, 1905. Original weight, 96 grams. | 
Change in Change in 
Per cent | percentage Per cent | percentage 
At the end of | Absolute of of original At the end of | Absolute of of original 
day. weight. | original weight day. weight. | original weight 
weight. | from day weight. | from day 
to day. to day. 
Grams. Grams. 
First 97.5 101. 56 +1.56 || Twenty-eighth -. 91.5 95. 31 +0. 00 
i 94.0 97.91 —3.65 || Twenty-ninth ... 91.5 95. 31 + .00 
92.5 96. 35 —1.56 || Thirtieth ......-. 92.0 95. 83 + .52 
92.5 96. 35 + .00 |} Thirty-firsta..... 91.5 95. 31 — .62 
92.0 95. 83 — .52 || Thirty-second ... 91.5 | 95, 31 + .00 
91.5 95. 31 — .52 || Thirty-third:.... 91.5 95. 31 + .00 
ELS) * 95.31 + .00 || Thirty-fourth.... 91.0 | 94, 79 — .52 
91.7 95. 52 + .21 || Thirty-fifth..:... 91.5 | 95. 31 + .52 
Mlemphieeee sss sseys 91.5 95, 31 = .21 || Thirty-sixth....- 91.5 | 95. 31 + .00 
Eleventh........ 92.0 95. 88 + .52 || Thirty-seventh .. 91.5 95. 31 + .00 
Mwelfth 2. 3.- 5... 91.5 95. 31 — .52 || Thirty-eighth ... 91.0 94.79 — .d2 
Thirteenth. ..... 91.0 94.79 -- .§2 || Thirty-ninth .... 91.0 94.79 + .00 
Fourteenth ..... 91.5 95. 31 + .52 || Fortieth .......-.- 91.5 95, 31 + .52 
Hifteemth j222 22. 91.0 ! 94,79 -— .52 || Forty-first .....-. 2 94.79 — .52 
Sixteenth ....... 91.0 94.79 + .00 || Forty-second .... 91.0 | 94.79 + .00 
Seventeenth .... 91.5 | 95. 31 + .52 || Forty-third....-. 91.0 94.79 + .00 
Eighteenth -.-.. 91.0 | 94.79 — .52 || Forty-fourth..... 91.0 94.79 + .00 
Nineteenth ..... 91.5 95, 31 + .52 || Forty-fifth.....-- Qo 95. 31 + .52 
Twentieth .....- 91.5 | 95. 31 + .,00 || Forty-sixth...... Sins y 95. 31 + .00 
Twenty-first... -.. 91.5 | 95. 31 + .00 |} Forty-seventh. .. 91.0 94.79 — .52 
Twenty-second . 91.5 95. 31 + .00 |} Forty-eighth..... 91.0 | 94.79 | + .00 
Twenty-third ... 91.8 95. 63 + .32 || Forty-ninth ..... 91.0 94.79 | + .00 
Twenty-fourth. . 91.0 94, 79 — .84 || Fiftieth.......... 91.0 94.79 | + .00 
Twenty-fifth .... 91-5 |) 95.31 4 Ais ll) Talitayasinsic ose 91.0| 94.79 | + .00 
Twenty-sixth ... 91.5| 95.31 + .00 || Sixty-first........ 91.5 | 95.31 | ae 5 y) 
Twenty-seventh 91.5 95, 31 + .00 || Sixty-seventh ...| 91.0 | 94.79 — .52 
aChange of solution. 


320 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Sodium acetate ( fused) 130 grams; sodium chloride, 110 grams; formalin, 20 c. ¢.; 95 per 
cent alcohol, 460 c. c.; water, 540 c. c. (3 e. ¢. per gram). 


[Condition of brain; Medium. ] 


MOL Sse 


Additional weighings. 


t 
Per cent | 
Weight of | es of change 
brain |Weight of Per cent Weight of/Per cent between 
, | Date of |immedi-| brain of - | brain _of the end of 
© | autopsy.| ately after1 |original) after] (original) first and Date 
al after ex-| week. | weight. month. | weight.| end s 
al traction. _of fourth | 
A | week. 
1905. Grams. | Grams. Grams. | 1905. 
135.) June 27 118, 2 a102.5 86.72 a102.5 86.72 +0.00 | Aug. 27 
bee 00s 114.0 a9s.5 86. 40 a99.0 86. 84 ar) Cn eee ® (oe 
187.|_2..do 101.0 a86.5 85. 64 a87.5 86. 63 ib) |2 S2doirs: 
139.)....do 114.5 a9s.5 86. 02 a99.5 86.90 11), OL }o222d0e 4 
140.|....do 115. 2 | agg. 0 85. 93 a99.5 86. 37 751 ee dow es. 
141.}....do 105. 7 | a90.5 85. 62 ag9i.0 86. 09 == DD |taendOues 
if OJ pape ae Foi 82.0 a70.0 85. 36 a70.5 85. 97 oS fa Bees <(6 Co Nears 
143-)...-do0 103.5 ag7.5 84. 54 ags.5 85. 51 +1..14°\5,..d0 2. 
144.)....do 103. 0 agg.5 86. 89 a90.0 87.38 + .56 |....do... 
iii Pane 110.0 | 93.5 85. 00 94.0 85. 45 ee soot |e Oees 
| 


aSolution not changed. 


[Brain weighed daily. 


At the end of | 
day. 


First 


BING yee are 


Fifth 
tba ee ee 


Eighth 
Ninth 
POMGibe cane eas 
Eleventh 


Fourteenth 
Fifteenth 
Sixteenth 
Seventeenth .... 
Eighteenth 
Nineteenth 
Twentieth 

Twenty-first .... 
Twenty-second . 
Twenty-third ... 
Twenty-fourth... 
Twenty-fifth .... 
Twenty-sixth ... 


—_ 


Change in | 


Received June 27, 1905. 


Weight 
of brain. original 


Grams. 
102.5 


bAt6c. c. per gram. 


Per cent | percentage | 
Absolute of | of original At the end of 
weight. | original weight day. 
weight. | from day 
to day. 
Grams. 
90.5 | 89.78 —10.22 | Twenty-seventh. 
$7.5 86. 81 — 2.97 || Twenty-eighth .. 
86.5 | 85.81 — 1.00 | Twenty-ninth ... 
86.5 85. 81 + .00 || Thirtietha....... 
86.5 | 85. 81 + .00 || Thirty-first ...... 
85.5 84, 82 | — .99 || Thirty-second ... 
86.0] 85.31 + .49 || Thirty-third..... 
86.5 85.81 + .60 || Thirty-fourth.... 
86.5 85. 81 | + .00 || Thirty-fifth...... 
87.0 86.31 | + .60 || Thirty-sixth....: 
S705) 1) osarol + .00 Thirty-seventh.. 
87.0 | 86.31 + .00| Thirty-eighth ... 
87.0! 86.31 + .00 || Thirty-ninth .... 
86.5 | 85.81 + .50 || Fortieth-:-..222 
86.5 | 85. 81 + .00 || Forty-first <.2.-.: 
87.0 86. 31 — .50 || Forty-second .... 
87.0 86. 31 + .00 || Forty-third...... 
87.0 | 86.31 + .00 || Forty-fourth..... 
87.5 | 86.81 | + .50 |) Forty-fifth....... 
87.0 86.31 — .00 || Forty-sixth.....- 
87.5 86.81 | + .50 || Forty-seventh ... 
87.5 86.81 | + .00 || Forty-eighth .... 
87.3 | 86.61 | — .20 || Forty-ninth ..... 
87.5 | 86. 81 +. «209 Rittieth ss seesee 
87.0 86.31 | — .50 || Fifty-seventh.... 
87.5 86. 81 + .50 || Sixty-fourth..... 


a Change of solution. 


Original weight, 100.8 grams. ] 


Per cent 
of 


weight. 


98.5 
87.0 
ce) 


ESSS88 


Change in 
Per cent percentage 
Absolute of original 
weight. | original | weight 
weight. | from day ~ 
to day. ~ 
Grams. 
88.0 87.30 +0. 49 
88. 0 87.30 + .00 
88.5 87.79 + .49 
88.0 87.30 — .49 
88.0 87.30 + .00— 
87.5 86. 81 — .49 
87.5 86. 81 + .00 
87.5 86. 81 += .00 
87.0 86. 31 — .50 
87.0 86.31 + .00 
87.5 86. 81 + .50 
87.5 86. 81 + .06 
87.5 86.81 + .00 
87.5 86. 81 + .00 
87.5 86.8] + .00 
87.5 86. 81 + .00 
87.5 86. 81 + .00 
87.5 86. 81 + .00 
87.0 86.31 — .50 
87.5 86. 31 + .50 
87.5 86. 81 += .00 
87.5 86. 81 + .00 
87.5 86. 81 + .00 
88.0 87.30 + .49° 
88.0 87.30 + .00 
88.5 87. 80 + .50 


_ No. 1451. ie ertiel AND BRAIN PRESERVATIVES—HRDLICKA. 3204 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


y. BARDELEBEN, K., and U. Houzry (OppeRMANN). Ein neues Mittel zur Conservi- 
rung von organischen Substancen, ete.: Verh. Ges. deutsch. Nat. und Aerzte, ¢8 
Vers., II, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 490. Frankfurt a. M. 

Bereonzour, G. La formalina quale mezzo di conservazione e di indurimento dei 
preparati anatomici: Boll. scient., XVI, 1894, pp. 18-21. Pavia. 

Ancora sulla formalina: Boll. scientif., X VII, 1895, pp. 26-29. - 

Buium, F. Der Formaldehyd als Hirtungsmittel: Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Microscopie, 
X, 1893, pp. 314-315. Braunschweig. : 

Notiz tiber die Anwendung des Formaldehyds (Formol) als Hirtungs- und 

Conservirungsmittel: Anat. Anz., IX, 1894, No. 7. 

Ueber Formaldehyd: Minchen. Med. Wochenschr., 1894, No. 24 (with a 

review of the use of the chemical). mean 

Ueber Wesen und Wert der Formolhirtung: Anat. Anz., XI, 1896, pp. 718-727. 

Born, G. Demonstration einer Anzahl in Forma!dehyd (Formol) gehirteter 
menschlicher Gehirne: Jahresber. Schlesische Gesell. f. vaterlindische Kultur, 
Med. Sek., 2. Miirz 1894, pp. 42-43. 

CHENcrINsKI, C. J. O sokhranenii mozga i drugikh anatomicheskikh preparatoy v 
rastvorakh formalina. (On the preservation of the brain and other anatomical 
specimens in solutions of formalin): Yuzhnorussk. med. gaz., Odessa, V, 1896, 
pp. 49-01. 

Ueber die Hirtung des Gehirns in Formalinlésungen: Centralbl. f. allg. 
Pathol. u. pathol. Anat., VII, 1896, pp. 429-430. Jena. 

Dexter, H. Zur Priiparationstechnik der Organe des Centralnervensystems: Zeit- 
schr. f. Thiermed., V, 1901, pp. 361-387. 

DiepericHs, K. Formol Konseryirung: Zeischr. f. angew. Mikroskopie, VII, 
1902, pp. 146-149. 

Donaxtpson, H. H. Preliminary Observations on some Changes Caused in the 
Nervous Tissues by Reagents commonly Employed to Harden them: Jour. Mor- 
phol., IX, 1894, pp. 123-166. ~ Boston. 

Eccies, W. McApam. Formic-Aldehyde as a Rapid Hardening Reagent for Animal 
Tissue: Brit. Med. Jour., I, 1894, p. 1124. 

Eister. Demonstration macroscopischer Priiparate yon in Formol gehiirteten 
menschlichen Gehirnen: Verhandl. d. Anat. Ges., X. Vers., Berlin, Jena, 
1896, pp. 181-185. 

Fisn, P. A. Formalin for the Preservation of Brains: Jour. of Neurol., V, 1895, 
pp. 126-128. 

The Use of Formalin in Neurology: Proc. Amer. Mic. Soc., X VII, 1895. 

Fuaravu. Referred to in Dexler; original not found. ‘ 

Freesorn, G. C. A Résumé of the Uses of Formalin: New York Med. Jour., LXITI, 
1896, pp. 770-775; also Proc. New York Path. Soc. (1896), 1897, pp. 29-43. © - 

FU.Luesorn. Ueber Formalinconservirung: Zool. Anz., XXIV, 1901, pp. 42-46. 

GempenreEIKH, L. L. O nailuchshei zhidkosti dlya sokhraneniya anatomicheskikh 
preparatov (Best fluid for preserving anatomical specimens ) : Russk. Vrach, St. 
Petersb., II, 1903, pp. 602-605. 

Grrota, D. Ueber die Anwendung des Formols in der topographischen Anatomie: 
Mist Anz., XI, 1896, pp. 417-420: | 

Hewson, A. eseniyioae of a Method for Preparing Brains used in-Class Demon- 
strations: Amer. Jour. of Anat., III, 1904, pp. xi-xii (Proc. Amer. Assoc. 
Anat. ). 

JELGERSMA, G. D. Fixirung des Centralnervensystems in Formol: Psychiatr. e. 
Neurol. Bladen, 1898, No. 1, p. 84. 


8206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Keirn, A. Organs from Dissecting Room Subjects which had been Preserved with 
Formaldehyd: Trans. Anat. Soc. Great Brit. and Ire., Jour. Anat. and Physiol., 
RX CN: B..X )} TR96 pp. x1, ee 

Krauss, W. C. Formalin as a Hardening Agent for Nerve Tissues: Mod. Med. and 
Bacter. Rev., V, 1896, pp. 59-60. Battle Creek, Mich. 

LanziLuotri-Buonsanti, A. Nuovo processo di conservazione dei centri nervosi: 
Monit. Zool. Ital., V, 1894, p. 273. ; 

Marcus; H. Die Verwendung der Weigert-Palschen Firbungsmethode fiir in Formol 
gehiirtetes Centralnervensystem: Neurol. Central., XIV, 1895, p. 4. 

Mariz, R. Formal comme réactif fixateur et durcissant des centres nerveux: Bull. 
Soc. anat., LX IX, 1894, pp. 992-993. Paris. 

MELNIKOFF-RASVEDENKOFF N. Eine neue Conservirungsmethode anatomischer Pra- 
parate: Beitr. pathol. Anat. allg. Pathol., X XI, 1897, pp. 172-199. 

Ueber die Herstellung anatomischer Priiparate nach der Formalin-Alcohol- 
Glycerin-essigsaurem Salz Methode: Centralbl. allg. Pathol. und path. Anat., 
VIII, 1897, .pp. 121-128. 

Monti, A. Sulla conservazion di preparati anatomici per museo. Rendic. Ist. 
Lomb., Ser. 2, V, 1898, p. 837; also in Gaz. med. lomb., Milano, LVII, 1898, 
pp. 247-249. 

Onur (OnurrowiTz), B. A Method of Securing Fixation and Hardening of the Cen- 
tral Nervous System before the Autopsy: Med. Rec., LX VI, 1904, pp.52-54. 
Ostrow. Ueber die Bedeutung der Formol-Miuller’schen Flissigkeit fiir die Hir- 

tung und Farbung des Centralnervensystems: Neurologische Bote, V, 1897, Pt. 3. 

Parker, G. H., and Froyp, R. The Preservation of Mammalian Brains by Means 
of Formal and Alcohol: Anat. Anz., XI, 1896, pp. 156-158; idem., pp. 567-568. 

Prisrer, H. Zur Hiirtung des Centralnervensystems in situ: Neurol. Centralbl., 
XVII, No. 14, pp. ¢43-644. 

Rene, M. Note sur |’emploi de l’aldéhyde formique ou formol comme réactif fixateur 
et durissant des centres nerveux: Bull. Soc. Anatom., LXIX, 1894, pp. 992- 
993. Paris. 

Rerzius, G. Om hjernors hiirdning medels formalin: Forh. Svens. Lik. Sallsk. 
Sammank., Stockholm, pp. 81-83, 1895. 

Sarnton, P., and Karrwinket, W. Ueber die Conservirung des Centralnervensys- 
tems durch Formol in situ: Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., LX, 1897-1898, pp. _ 
548-553. 

SHAVLOVSKI, I. E. Ob uplotnyayushtshem i konserviruyushtshem dieistvii formal- 
dehyda (On the Solidifying and Preservative Action of Formaldehyde): Trudi 
V. Syezda Obsh. russk. vrach. vy pamyat Pirogova, I, 1894, pp. 124-126. St. 


Petersburg. 
Stroup, B. B. On Brain Preservation: Proc. Assoc. Amer. Anat., IX, 1897, pp. 
30-32. 


TeLLYESNITZKI, K. Ueber die Fixirungs-(Hartungs) -Fliissigkeiten: Arch. f. microse. 
Anat., LIT, 1898, p. 202. 

Weicert, C. Technicalische Ergebnisse der Anatomie und Entwickelungsgeschichte, 

1H Riis oa 

——— Capitel ‘‘Methode”’ in Beitriige z. normalen menschlichen Neuroglia: 
Abhandl. d. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesellsch., Frankfurt a. M., 1895. 

Witper, B. G. Brain: Methods of Removing, Preserving, Dissecting, and Drawing: 
Refer. Handb. Med. Sciences, New ed., II, 1901, pp. 869-389. 


NOTES ON JAPANESE, INDOPACIFIC, AND AMERICAN 
PYRAMIDELLID&. 


By Witu1am Hratry Dian. 
Curator, Division of Mollusks, 
AND 
Pau. Bartscn, 
Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks. 


While gathering material for the monograph of Pacific coast Pyra- 
midellidz on which the authors of the present paper have been for 
some time engaged, application for material for study was made to the 
KGnigliche Zoologische Museum in Berlin, where the types of many 
of the species treated of in the second edition of the Conchylien 
Cabinet were known to be preserved. 
Through the kind intervention of the late Prof. Dr. Eduard von 
Martens, in charge of the conchological collection of the Berlin Museum, 
the entire series of their Pyramidellide., including numerous types, 
was lent to the U. 8. National Museum for study. This series con- 
tained material from many sources, of which the most important were 
the collections of the late Henry and Arthur Adams, of Petel, of 
Dunker, and Hilgendorf. Numerous specimens of species inade- 
quately described by Arthur Adams from Japan were among the most 

valuable for our work, and the importance of accurately figuring and 
‘ adequately describing them was evident, as, until such descriptions 
' were made public, no small number of Species of the Japanese fauna 
(must remain doubtful. 

Though mostly small and to man y students uninteresting, the Pyra- 
(‘midellide exist in much larger numbers than is generally realized. 
To obtain a satisfactory view of their Specific characters, in most 
‘eases the species must be studied under the microscope, and to get 
‘accurate figures of these minute creatures enlarged photographs or 
camera lucida drawings are essential. The difficulty of obtaining these 
in the present instance was much enhanced by the death of our chief 
draftsman and faithful collaborator, the late Dr. J. C. McConnell, for 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXX—No. 1452, 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——21 321 


329 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


whom so far it has been impossible to find an equally qualified suc- 
cessor in line drawing. The figures in the present paper are chiefly 
enlarged photographs, retouched with careful reference to the speci- 
men. With the exception of the microscopically fine striation, which 
could in most cases only be indicated on a much larger figure than 
those given here, it is believed that the figures are exceptionally accu- 
rate and complete. 

The compilation of a card catalogue of the described species of 
Pyramidellide has shown that the number is much greater than the 
compilers imagined before undertaking the work; and also that, apart 
from errors of identitication, the specific names used for many of these 
species have often been repeatedly used, in some cases three or four 
times over, and of course it has become necessary to replace the pre- 
occupied name in each case by one not previously used in the genus. 
This will account for the number of new names for old species which 
occur in the present paper. 

The senior author desires to say that his part in this paper has been 
of an advisory and editorial nature, and that the labor of comparisons, 
of preparing the diagnoses and comments, and practically the entire 
text, except the introduction, has been borne by the junior author, to 
whom the appreciation due on this account should be fully accorded. 

The types, except where otherwise stated, have been returned to the 
Berlin Museum, where they may be consulted by students. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. 
PYRAMIDELLA (LONGCHAEUS) BICOLOR Menke. 
Pyramidella bicolor MENKE, Malak. Blitt., I, 1854, p. 28. 


Two specimens from the Petel collection labeled Obeliscus aclis A. 
Adams, Japan, are absolutely identical with specimens of 7”. bicolor 
Menke, in our collection from Guacomayo, Mexico, and we firmly 
believe that the locality cited by Petel is wrong. 


PYRAMIDELLA (PHARCIDELLA) HASTATA A. Adams. 
Obeliseus hastatus A. ADAMS, in Sowerby Thes., 1854, p. 811, No. 24. 


Two shells labeled Pyramidella pulchella Dunker, new species (a 
manuscript name), are in the Dunker collection. There is no locality 
label with them. The shells are in every way identical with specimens 
in our collection of P. hastatus Adams, from Acapulcc, Mexico. 


Phin. an 


NO. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. owe 


PYRAMIDELLA (PHARCIDELLA) MOFFATI, new name. 


Obeliscus clavulus A. Abams, in Sowerby Thes., 1854, p. 811, pl. CLXXI, fig. 33, 
not Obeliscus clavulus (Férussac) Brcx, Index Moll., 1838, p- 62. 


The Peetel collection contains a Specimen of this species labeled Obe- 
liscus achates Gould, see crocatus, Japan. In the aperture of this shell 
a specimen of Anachis diminuta C. B. Adams was firmly wedged, 
which is at home on the west coast of Central America and Mexico. 
The Pyramiédella therefore very likely belongs to the same region. 
The type of O. clavulus A. Adams came from Acapulco, Mexico. 


PYRAMIDELLA (TRIPTYCHUS) NIVEUS Mérch. 
Triptychus niveus Morcn, Mal. Blatt., XXII, 1875, p. 158. 


Four specimens in the Petel collection, labeled Parthenia cxlata A. 
Adams, Japan, belong to this species. It is quite likely that the local- 
ity cited is;wrong, and that the specimens came from the West Indies, 
the home of P. (Z.) niveus. 


PYRAMIDELLA (TIBERIA) PULCHELLA A. Adams. 
Plate XXV, fig. 4. 
Obeliscus pulchellus A. ADAms, in Sowerby Thes. Conch., 1854, p- 808, pl. cuxx1. 


Shell very regular elongate-conic, yellowish-white, marked by two 
moderately broad, equal spiral zones of brown, one at the periphery, 
the other on the anterior portion of the base. Nuclear whorls two and 
one-half, moderately large, smooth, about one-third immersed in the first 
of the post-nuclear whorls, having their axis at right angles to the axis 
of these. Post-nuclear whorls polished, flattened, slightly shouldered 
-at the summit, marked only by faint lines of growth: posterior half 
between the sutures pale yellow, anterior half white, bounded at the 
| periphery by the spiral chestnut band which can be seen at the suture 
( of all the whorls. Periphery of the last whorl slightly angular. Base 
‘short, rounded, marked by many lines of growth which are much 
‘stronger here than between the sutures: the basal color-band is sepa- 
| rated from the columella by a narrow white zone. Aperture subovate, 
‘somewhat channeled at the junction of the outer lip and the colum- 
ella, outer lip thin, apparently not fortified within by varices or spiral 
lamelle; columella straight, rather strong, reflected, biplicate, the pos- 
terior fold large, lamellar, a little below the insertion of the columella, 
the anterior one much more oblique and but feebly developed, parietal 
wall covered by a very thin callus, 

The Berlin collection contains four specimens, all from Japan; one, 
belonging to the Petel collection is described and figured. It has lost 


324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the earlier whorls, the eleven remaining measure: long. 12.2 mm.; 
diam. 4.6 mm. The other three come from H. Adams. 

Another specimen, the nucleus of which is described, is No. 181207 
U.S.N.M. This also comes from Japan. It has twelve post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: long. 11.3 mm.; diam. 4.3 mm. 


PYRAMIDELLA (TIBERIA) JAPONICA, new species. 
Plate XXIV, fig. 2. 


Shell umbilicate, regularly elongate-conic, polished, bluish-white, 
with a diaphanous spiral band on the middle of the whorls between 
the sutures. Nuclear whorls two, moderately large, smooth, having 
their axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls, and about 
one-third immersed in the first of these.  Post-nuclear whorls flattened, 
slightly shouldered at the summit, marked only by extremely fine 
lines of growth. Periphery of the last whorl angular; base rather 
short, well rounded, marked by rather coarse lines of growth. Aper- 
ture moderately large, suboval (outer lip fractured), showing indica- 
tions of internal lirations; columella very strong, somewhat oblique, 
biplicate, the posterior fold lamellar, situated a little below the inser- 
tion of the columella; anterior fold weak and very oblique. 

The type and only specimen is immature; it has eight post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: long. 6.1 mm.; diam. 2.8 mm. 

The specimen is from the Petel collection and comes from Japan; 
it was labeled Syrnola witrea A. Adams. 


PYRAMIDELLA (TIBERIA) PUSILLA A. Adams. 
Plate XXIV, fig. 6. 
Obeliscus pusillus A. ADAms, in Sby. Thes. Conch., 1854, p. 809, pl. cixx1, fig. 7. 


Shell, small, minutely umbilicate, moderately stout, elongate-conic, 
milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, two and one-half obliquely im- 
mersed in the first of the succeeding whorls. Post-nuclear whorls 
slightly rounded, decidedly shouldered at the summits and somewhat 
angulate at the periphery, polished, marked only by lines of growth 
and extremely minute microscopical spiral striations. The slight 
peripheral angulations show above the summit of the succeeding whorl 
and help to render the sutures all the more conspicuous. Base of the 
last whorl rather long, well rounded. Aperture suboval, posterior 
angle acute, outer lip thin, columella slightly oblique and revolute, 
showing only a single fold at the edge. In specimens which have the 
outer lip fractured, the second, i. e., anterior fold comes plainly into 
view as well as five internal lirations of the outer lip. 

The specimen described and figured is from Japan. It has eight 
post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 6.4mm.; diam. 2.6mm. Thisis 


he 


no. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 325 


a small, shining, milk-white species, which might easily be mistaken 
for a Syrnola, on account of the deep-seated anterior fold. Some of 
the specimens show faint irregular impressed axial lines, which we con- 
sider accidental. A. Adams described a species, Obeliseus eburneus,@ 
which, according to the meager description, appears to differ from 
P. (7) pusilla only in having the whorls here and there longitudinally 
sulcate. If these sulcations are the same as the irregular impressed 
axial lines seen in specimens of 7”. (7°) pusdlla, then P. (7:) eburnea 
will have to be placed in the synonymy of P. (7!) pusilla. The Berlin 
material contains two shells, both from Japan, one of which was 
obtained from H. Adams, the other belongs to the Petel collection. 


PYRAMIDELLA (TIBERIA) PUSILLA JACKSONENSIS, new subspecies. 
Plate XX VI, fig. 8. 


There are two specimens of 77der/a in the Petel collection from 
Port Jackson, Australia, which agree in general with 7. (Z:) pusilla 
A. Adams, but are uniformly stouter. We therefore separate them 
subspecifically under the above name. The type, figured, has eight 
postnuclear whorls and measures: long. 6.1 mm.; diam. 2.7 mm. 


PYRAMIDELLA (TIBERIA) TRIFASCIATA A. Adams. 
Plate XXV, fig. 6. 
Obeliscus trifasciatus A. ApAms, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1862, p. 232. 


Shell elongate-conic, acuminate, minutely perforate, vitreous, with 
three rather broad spiral yellow bands, two of which appear between 
the sutures and the third on the middle of the base. Nuclear whorls 
two, small, well rounded, smooth, a little more than half obliquely 
immersed in the first of the succeeding whorls. Postnuclear whorls 
slightly rounded, moderately shouldered at the summits, polished, 
marked only by fine lines of growth and microscopic spiral striations, 
encircled between the sutures by two yellow bands, each of which is 
about one-quarter the width of the space between the sutures. The 
whorls are thus marked by a vitreous zone at the summit, then a yel- 


_low one, which is followed by another vitreous band, and finally the 


second yellow zone, which extends to the suture. Periphery of the 
last whorl! well rounded; base rather long, marked with lines of growth 
and spiral striations as on the spire; the yellow band on the middle of 
the base is of the same width as the other two. Aperture rather small, 
suboval, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, fortified deeply within 
by five subequal and subequally spaced interrupted spiral lamelle; 
columella straight, strong, reflected, armed with two folds, a strong 
lamellar plait a little anterior to its insertion and a much weaker and 


@ Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, pp. 2382-233. 


326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


much more oblique posterior one; parietal wall apparently without 
callus. 

The specimen described and figured is from the Petel collection 
and comes from Japan. It was wrongly labeled Agatha nitidula A. 
Adams. The specimen has eight postnuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 6 mm.; diam. 2.7 mm. 


PYRAMIDELLA (TIBERIA) DUNKERI, new name. 
Plate X XV, fig. 2. 


Odostomia fasciata DunKerr, Mal. Blitt., VI, 1860, p. 234; also Moll. Japonica, 
1861, p. 17, pl. m1, fig. 2; not (Odostomia) Chrysallida fasciata CARPENTER, Cat. 
Maz. Shells, 1856, p. 423. 


Shell elongate-conic, acuminate, perforate, subdiaphanous, marked 
by two moderately broad golden yellow bands, one encircling the 
whorls a little posterior to the periphery; the other, which is about 
double the width of the first, is situated a little anterior to the middle 
of the base. In addition to these two bands a narrow white zone sur- 
rounds the whorls a little posterior to the middle between the sutures. 
Nuclear whorls two and one-half, small, half embedded in the first of 
the later whorls, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of these. 
Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded, decidedly shouldered at the 
summit, almost tabulated, marked by many faint lines of growth and 
closely placed microscopic spiral striations, which are equally well 
developed between the sutures and on the base. Periphery and base 
of the last whorl well rounded. Aperture small, suboval; posterior 
angle obtuse, outer lip thin, no internal lirations visible (these may 
prove to be present when a specimen is ground down); columella 
slender, reflected biplicate; posterior fold lamellar, situated a little 
anterior to the insertion of the columella, anterior fold very oblique, 
weak; parietal wall covered by a mere film of callus. 

The type is from Ousima, Japan. It has eight postnuclear whorls 
and measures—long. 5 mm.; diam. 2.3 mm. 


PYRAMIDELLA (COSSMANNICA) ACICULATA A. Adams. 
Plate XXIV, figs. 1, 8. 


; ; Ys f i, 
Obeliscus aciculatus A. ADAMS, in Sowerby Thes. Conch., 1854, p. 809, pl. cLxx1, 


figs. 21, 36. 


Shell elongate-conic, tapering to an extremely slender apex, polished, 
white, with a slight suffusion of brown at the apex and near the aper- 
ture. Nuclear whorls two, large compared with the early postnuclear 
whorls, helicoid, depressed, smooth, having their axis almost at a right 
angle to the axis of the later whorls and extending beyond the outline 
of these on the left side. The first three postnuclear whorls are well 


No.1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCE. eh 


rounded, the next five considerably flattened, the rest decidedly obese. 
The first five are vitreous, but as the shell grows older it gradually 
becomes milk-white; summits of the whorls closely appressed to the 
preceding whorl, the appressed portion appearing as a narrow band, 
which at first sight appears as the suture; this, however, is very incon- 
spicuous. All the postnuclear whorls are marked by fine lines of 
growth and fine, closely-placed, wavy spiral striations. Periphery and 
base of the last whorl well rounded, marked by lines of growth and 
spiral striations as between the sutures. The area immediately adjoin- 
ing the columella is decidedly depressed, forming a pit, but the axis 
is not perforate. Aperture auriform, moderately large, oblique; pos- 
terior angle acute, slightly channeled at the junction of the outer lip 
and columella; columella rather strong, very oblique, revolute show- 
ing only the lamellar posterior fold when the lip is complete. This 
fold is situated a little anterior to the insertion of the columella. 
Parietal wall covered by a decided callus. Specimens having the outer 
lip fractured show the well-developed, very oblique anterior fold, also 
seven spiral lirations all of which but the anterior one, which is 
stronger, are subequal and subequally spaced. 

This species enjoys a wide distribution. The Peetel collection contains 
one specimen from Hawaii, which we figure and which was labeled Pyra- 
midella variegata A. Adams, but is certainly not that species. The U.S. 
National Museum has six shells, No. 76720, from Wallis Island, one 
of which is here described, and three lots from the Viti Islands: No. 
42219, seven specimens; No. 87933, five specimens, and No. 101414, 
three specimens, all of which are remarkably uniform in appearance. 
One specimen having the nucleus and fifteen postnuclear whorls 
measures—long, 17.3 mm.; diam. 4.4 mm. 


PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAZOPYRAMIS) EXIMIA Lischke. 


Plate XXIII, fig. 1. 


Monoptygma eximium LiscuKxn, Mal. Blitt., XIX, 1872, p. 103; also Jap. Meer. 
Conch., Pt. 3, 1874, p. 59, pl. 1m, figs. 4-6. 


Shell elongate-conic, solid, polished, early whorls white, later ones 
light chestnut-brown, encircled by subequal spiral zones. Nuclear 
whorls small, smooth, almost wholly immersed in the first post-nuclear 
whorl. First four post-nuclear whorls snowy white, the second half 
of the fifth one tinged with brown, remainder of the whorls brown. 
All of the whorls are moderately rounded, somewhat shouldered at 
the summit, sculptured by faint lines of growth and deeply incised, 
moderately broad spiral lines, of which there are six on the second, 
seven on the fourth, and on the remaining whorls between the sutures; 
on the penultimate the posterior incised line becomes obsolete and 
the flattened raised band therefore doubly as wide. These spiral 


325 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


lines are crossed by very fine, equally spaced axial bars, which lend 
them a punctate appearance. The space between the incised lines is 
about four times as wide as the lines, and flattened. Periphery 
and base of the last whorl well rounded, sculptured like the space 
between the sutures; incised lines eleven. Aperture large, pyriform, 
posterior angle acute; outer lip sharp, wavy, showing the incised lines 
within; columella moderately strong, somewhat curved, and slightly 
revolute; fold not visible in the aperture; parietal wall covered by a 
faint callus. 

The single specimen described above is in the Dunker collection. 
It has nine post-nuclear whorls which measure: long. 18.1 mm.; diam. 
6.8mm. This is very likely one of the specimens from the type col- 
lection which came from Japan. 


PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAHZOPYRAMIS) FULVA A. Adams. 
Plate X XIII, fig. 4. 
Monoptygma fulva A, ApAms, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 222. 


Shell elongate-conic, greyish-black. Nuclear whorls decollated. 
Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, very high between the sutures, 
searcely shouldered at the summit, marked by lines of growth, and 
moderately broad, deeply incised, minutely axially barred spiral lines, 
of which six occur upon the second to sixth whorl and seven upon the 
seventh to eighth, between the sutures. The spaces between these 
lines are flattened and minutely spirally striated. Periphery of the 
last whorl well rounded. Base somewhat prolonged, sculptured like 
the space between the sutures, having ten of the deeply incised spiral 
lines. Aperture large, narrow, suboval, posterior angle acute, 
columella short, moderately strong, twisted and slightly revolute, 
with a weak oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by 
a thin internal callus. 

The specimen described belongs to the Petel collection and comes 
from Japan. It has nine post-nuclear whorls which measure: long. 
20.3 mm.; diam. 5.8 mm. 

P. (A.) fulva differs from P. (A.) ewimia by its more slender form, 
much higher whorls between the sutures, much less shouldered sum- 
mits, much more prolonged base, narrower and more elongate aper- 
ture, the additional fine spiral striations on the raised portion between 
the deeply incised spiral lines, and by its color. 


no. 1452. § NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 


329 


PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAZOPYRAMIS) CASTA A. Adams. 
Plate XIX, fig. 4. 


Monoptygma casta A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1851, p. 223; also in Sowerby 
Thes., 1854, p. 818, pl. cLxxun, fig. 22. 

Shell elongate-conic, moderately stout, yellowish-white. Nuclear 
whorls small, almost completely immersed in the first post-nuclear 
whorl; the periphery of the last volution only is visible, and this 
appears at right angles to the axis of the later whorls. Post-nuclear 
whorls moderately rounded, marked by mere lines of growth and 
many broad, deeply incised spiral channels, which are almost equal in 
breadth to the raised spaces bounded by them. These channels are 
crossed by numerous small axial riblets, which render the edges of the 
spiral raised bands somewhat crenulate. The spiral raised bands are 
faintly spirally striated. Ten of these incised channels appear between 
the sutures on the third and fourth, and eleven on the sixth and the 
penultimate whorl. The posterior channel is usually a little wider 
than the rest. Periphery and base of the last whorl! well rounded, the 
latter sculptured like the spaces between the sutures, having twelve 
incised channels. Aperture suboval, posterior angle acute, outer lip 
wavy, rather strong and opaque; columella slender, curved and twisted 
with an oblique, obsolete fold near its insertion, parietal wall without 
marked callus. 

There are two specimens among the Berlin material, both belonging 
to the Petel collection and both from Japan. The largest, the one 
described above, has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 
11.3 mm.; diam. 4.1 mm. The other has seven and one-half post- 
nuclear whorls and measures: long. 10.5 mm.; diam. 3.9 mm. 

This species in general outline recalls ?. (A.) fulva, but is much 
smaller, has many more incised spiral channels, and is white in color. 


PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAZEOPYRAMIS) LAUTA A. Adams! 
Plate XIX, fig. 5. 


Monoptygma lauta A. ApAms, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1851, p. 222; also in Sowerby 
Thes., 1854, p. 817, pl. cixxu1, fig. 20. 


Shell broadly elongate-conic, subturrited, rather stout, milk-white. 
Nuclear whorls small, almost completely immersed in the first post- 
nuclear whorl, only the tilted edge of two volutions is apparent, which 
indicates that the axis of nuclear whorls is at right angles to the axis 
of the later ones. Post-nuclear whorls inflated, strongly shouldered 
at the summit, decidedly rounded, marked by many weak, irregular 
axial riblets and very strong, broad, angular, incised, spiral channels, 
which are crossed by many more or less regularly spaced and sub- 
equally developed backward slanting axial riblets. These riblets 


30910) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


re pate the flattened and faintly . spilaly striated, raiced spaces beeen 
the incised channels feebly crenulated on both edges. Five incised 
channels appear between the sutures on the second and third whorl 
and six on the fourth and fifth. Periphery and base of the last whorl 
well rounded, the latter sculptured like the space between the sutures, 
with six spiral channels. Aperture quite large, suboval, posterior 
angle obtuse, outer lip thin, denticulate. The incised spiral channels 
appear as a chain of squarish areolations within, by transmitted light; 
columella moderately strong, somewhat twisted and slightly reflected 
with a subobsolete oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall coy- 
ered by a very feeble callus. 

The specimen described belongs to the Peetel collection. It is from 
Japan and has six and three-fourths post-nuclear whorls and measures: 


lone. 7 mm.: diam. 3.3 mm. 
> 


PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAZEOPYRAMIS) AMCENA A. Adams. 


Plate XIX, fig. 1. 
Monoptygma amena A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 228. 


Shell slender, elongate-conic, turrited, milk white. Nuclear whorls 
small, almost completely immersed in the first of the later whorls, the 
peripheral portion of the last volution only is visible, which shows 
that the axis of the nucleus is at right angles to the axis of the later 
whorls. Post-nuclear whorls very high between the sutures, decidedly 
shouldered, moderately well rounded, marked by rather coarse lines of 
growth and deeply incised spiral channels, which are crossed by many 
regular, quite well-developed, axial riblets. These little riblets divide 
the channels into regular chains of pits. There are five channels 
between the sutures on the second and third whorl and six on the 
following three. The raised portion between the channels is of about 
double the width of the channel, somewhat crenulated on both margins 
and faintly spirally striated. Periphery and base of last whorl] well 
rounded= sculptured like the space between the sutures, with nine 
spiral channels, the raised spaces between them gradually diminishing 
in breadth toward the umbilical region, which is somewhat excava ated 
Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle acute, junction of columella 
and outer lip subchanneled; outer lip somewhat expanded at the outer 
edge, wavy in outline, rather thick, the incised channels appearing as 
mere lines within by transmitted light; columella straight, thin, fold 
not visible in the aperture; parietal wall without callus. 

Two specimens are among the Berlin material, both in the Peetel 
collection and from Japan. ‘The larger one, described above, has seven 
post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 7mm.; diam. 2.6 mm. The 
smaller one, labeled pupotdes A. Adams, has six post-nuclear whorls, 
and measures: lone. 5.4 mm.; diam. 2.3 mm. 

This species recalls 7. (A.) /auta, but is much more slender. 


ee a a 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 301 


PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAEOPYRAMIS) PUNCTIGERA A. Adams. 
Plate XIX, fig. 2. 
Monoptygma punctigera A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 296. 


Shell slender, elongate-conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls two, 
moderately large, depressed helicoid, obliquely one-half immersed in 
the first of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls very high between 
the sutures, moderately rounded and shouldered at the summits, 
marked by rather coarse lines of growth and deeply impressed, equally 
spaced spiral channels, which are crossed by small, quite regular and 
regularly spaced riblets. The space between these riblets appears as a 
pit and the whole groove asa pitted channel. Six channels are present 
between the sutures on the second to fourth and seven on the last two 
whorls. Periphery and base well rounded, the latter sculptured like 
the space between the sutures, crossed by eight spiral channels. Aper- 
ture moderately large, subquadrate, ¢ posterior angle acute, (outer lip 
fractured), columella moderately strong, twisted, columellar fold not 
visible in the aperture, parietal wall covered by faint callus. 

The specimen above described belongs to the Pretel collection. It 
has six post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 5.4mm. ; diam. 1.8 mm. 

The present species in some respects resembles P. (4.) wnana 
Adams, but is much smaller, much more attenuated, with proportion- 
ately much higher whorls. 


PYRAMIDELLA (ACTAZFOPYRAMIS) DIGITALIS, new species. 
Plate XIX, fig. 6. 


The Peetel collection contains a young individual labeled ‘* J/onop- 
tygma digitalis A. Adams,” from Japan. We have been unable to 
find any reference to such a species, and are also unable to make it 
harmonize with any of the described forms. While we dislike to base 
a description upon a young individual, we nevertheless feel that the 
present report would be incomplete without it. 

Nuclear whorls small, completely immersed, only the rounded periph- 
ery of the last is visible above the first of the succeeding volutions. 
Post-nuclear whorls three, inflated, well-rounded, shouldered, the second 
encircled by five and one-half strong, narrow, subequal, and subequally 
spaced spiral keels between the sutures, separated by spaces about one 
and one-half times as wide as the keels. These spaces are crossed at 
regular intervals by backward-slanting axial riblets which are about 
two-thirds as wide as the spiral keels but not quite as elevated. 
The axial ribs and spiral keels inclose quite regular, depressed, rhom- 
bic areas. There are six spiral keels on the third whorl. Periphery 
and base well rounded. the latter somewhat produced and excavated 
near the small umbilical chink, ornamented like the spaces between 


332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE UM. VOL. XXX. 


the sutures, having eight spiral keels. Aperture oval, somewhat effuse 
at the junction of the columella and outer lip, posterior angle obtuse; 
outer lip strong, rather thick, showing as many low, rounded lirations 
within as there are spaces between the keels on the outside; columella 
strong, armed with a well-developed oblique fold a little anterior to 
its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

The specimen measures: long. 2.2 mm. ; diam. 1.5 mm. 


PYRAMIDELLA (SYRNOLA) CINNAMOMEA 4A. Adams. 
Plate X XVI, fig. 1. 
Elusa cinnamomea A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 237. 


Shell slender, elongate-conic, of almost rectilinear outline, polished, 
yellowish-brown. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, rather large, hel- 
icoid, moderately elevated, smooth, having their axis at a right angle 
to the axis of the later whorls and about one-fourth immersed in the 
first of them; the periphery of the nucleus extends slightly beyond 
the outline of the spire on the left side. Post-nuclear whorls quite 
high between the sutures, flattened, separated by slight sutures marked 
only by faint lines of growth and numerous extremely fine and closely 
placed spiral striations. Periphery and base of the last whorl well 
rounded, the latter rather short. Aperture small, suboval, posterior 
angle narrow and acute, outer lip thin, columella short, curved, mod- 
erately strong, with an inconspicuous oblique fold near its insertion; 
parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

The specimen described and figured belongs to the Pzetel collection 
and comes from Japan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: 
lone. 4.2mm.; diam. 1.1 mm. 

This shell has the aspect of a small, straight Hu/ima. 


PYRAMIDELLA (SYRNOLA) BRUNNEA A. Adams. 
Plate XXIV, figs. 4, 7. 


Obeliseus brunneus A. ADAms, in Sowerby Thes., 1854, p. 810, pl. cLxx1, fig. 35. 
Obeliscus buxeus GouLp, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 403. 


Shell elongate-conic, light brown, shining. Nuclear whorls two 
and one-half, smull, depressed helicoid, polished, having their axis 
at aright angle to the axis of the latter whorls and about one-sixth 
immersed in the first of them. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, slightly 
shouldered, rather low between the sutures, marked only by lines of 
growth and microscopic spiral strie. Sutures subchanneled and 
minutely crenulated. Periphery and base of last whorl well rounded, 
marked like the spaces between the sutures. Aperture suboval, pos- 
terior angle acute; outer lip thin; columella short, somewhat twisted 
and revolute, bearing a strong oblique fold a little anterior to its in- 
sertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 


No. 1452. NOTES ‘ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. aoe 


A. Adamy’s type came from Japan. The above description is based 
upon two individuals from a lot of four, U.S. National Museum col- 
lection, No. 170808, which come from Hirado, Hizen, Japan. The 
nucleus was described from one specimen and the post-nuclear charac- 
ters from the most perfect individual in the collection, which belongs 
to the same lot; this has sixteen post-nuclear whorls, and measures: 
long. 17, 6mm.; diam. 4.5mm. This specimen is a little more slender 
than the average individual. One, having fourteen post-nuclear whorls, 
measures: long. 14.2 mm.; diam. 4.3 mm. Some show five well-devel- 
oped, subequal and subequally spaced interrupted lirations on the 
outer lip. The fine spiral striations are quite superficial and do not 
appear on specimens which are somewhat worn. There are two other 
specimens, No. 130076, in the U. S. National Museum from Japan. 
Gould’s type of Obeliscus buxeus is from the China Seas; it isan immature 
shell of ten post-nuclear whorls and is registered as No. 339. A speci- 
men received from Eastlake, No. 160634, was collected at Hongkong, 
China. The Berlin collection contains one worn and bleached indi- 
vidual which is lacking a number of the early post-nuclear whorls. 
It was labeled Obeliscus bicolor Menke, California, which of course is 
an error. (. bicolor is a triplicate species = Pyramidella (Longchaeus) 
bicolor Menke. 


PYRAMIDELLA (IPHIANA) LISCHKEI, new species. 
Plate XXV, fig. 1. 


Shell slender, elongate-conic, subdiaphanous, polished, girdled by 
two golden-yellow bands between the sutures. Nuclear whorls decol- 
lated. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, very 
slightly shouldered and well rounded, marked by rather strone lines 
of growth and scarcely visible closely placed spiral striations. The 
posterior band lies somewhat posterior to the middle of the whorl, 
while the anterior one is somewhat posterior to the periphery, showing 
therefore, on all the whorls a little above the well-marked suture. 
Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base attenuated. A per- 
ture suboval, posterior angle acute, outer lip slightly expanded ante- 
riorly, without internal lirations, columella reenforced by the attenu- 
ated base, and almost enveloped by it, bearing a moderately strong, 
oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

The specimen described above belongs to the Pzetel collection and 
comes from Japan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: 
long. 4.6 mm.; diam. 1.4 mm. 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


PYRAMIDELLA (IPHIANA) TENUISCULPTA Lischke. 
Plate XXVI, figs. 3, 5. 


Obeliscus tenuisculptus LiscuKer, Mal. Blatt., 1872, XIX, p. 102; also Jap. Meer. 
Conch., III, 1874, pp. 58-59, pl. m1, figs. 7-8. 

Shell, elongate-conic, sides of the spire rectilinear in outline, pale 
wax-yellow. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls flat- 
tened, increasing very regularly in size, slightly shouldered at the 
summit, separated by well-marked sutures, and marked by faint lines 
of growthand numerous fine, closely spaced spiral striations. Periph- 
ery of the last whorl somewhat angulated. Base very short, well 
rounded and slightly excavated at the umbilical region, sculptured like 
the space between sutures. Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle 
acute, outer lip thin, without internal lirations, columella short, some- 
what twisted, revolute, bearing a moderately strong oblique fold a 
little anterior to its insertion. 

The specimen described belongs to the Pzetel collection, and is from 
Japan. It has eleven post-nuclear whorls (the apex and perhaps the 
first two or three post-nuclear whorls being lost), and measures: long. 
10.4mm.; diam. 2.9mm. It was labeled Obeliscus balteatus A. Adams. 


PYRAMIDELLA (STYLOPTYGMA) SEROTINA A. Adams. 
Plate XVII, fig. 5. 
Syrnola serotina, A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 234. 


Shell very small, elongate-conic, wax-yellow, darker toward the 
apex. Nuclear whorls one and one-half, rather large, loosely coiled, 
white, obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl, i. e., the 
first post-nuclear whorl encircles the nucleus and is thereby rendered 
quite large and stands out beyond the general outline of the shell. 
Post-nuclear whorls polished, moderately rounded, marked by faint 
lines of growth and here and there by an impressed axial line. Spiral 
sculpture absent. The first four whorls are marked by a rather broad, 
conspicuous reddish-brown band which encircles them at about one- 
third of the distance between the sutures anterior to the summit; on 
the fifth and sixth whorls this band appears as a faint line. The 
periphery of the last whorl is also encircled by a pale reddish-yellow 
spiral zone, part of which can be seen projecting above the well- 
impressed sutures on the preceding two volutions. Periphery and 
base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter rather short, marked 
like the space between the sutures. Aperture subquadrate, posterior 
angle acute (outer lip fractured), showing several internal lirations; 
columella stout with a strong oblique fold somewhat anterior to its 
insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

The specimen here described belongs to the Pretel collection. It has 
seven post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long 3mm.; diam. 1.1 mm. 


No, 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 335 


PYRAMIDELLA (AGATHA) VIRGO A. Adams. 
Plate XVIII, fig. 2. 
Agatha virgo A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1860, p. 422, 
Myonia virgo A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 295, 
Menestho virgo A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 295, 
Myonia virgo A. ApAMs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 142, 
Amathis virgo A. ApAms, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 304. 

Shell elongate-conic, subturrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls two, 
small, well rounded, obliquely about one-half immersed in the first 
post-nuclear whorl. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the 
sutures, inflated, well rounded, shouldered, marked by irregular lines 
of growth which lend the surface a somewhat uneven appearance and 
many fine, closely-placed wavy spiral striations; sutures strongly 
marked. Periphery of the last whorl with a faint suggestion of an 
angulation. Base prolonged, gently rounded, marked like the spaces 
between the sutures. Aperture elongate-ovate, posterior angle obtuse, 
somewhat effuse at the junction of the lip and columella; outer lip thin 
without internal lirations; columella short, curved, witha very strong, 
acute, oblique fold near its insertion which fuses directly and is con- 
tinuous with the anterior reflected portion of the columella; parietal 
wall covered by a very thin callus. 

The specimen described was received from Hilgendorf and comes 
from Japan. It has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 13.7 
mm.; diam. 4.4 mm. There are two other individuals among the Ber- 
lin material, both young specimens and both from Japan. 7. (A.) 
virgo A. Adams is the type of Agatha; we do not know why Adams 
changed this to M/yonia and Amathis as we have been unable to find 
the name preoccupied. 


TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) MULTIGYRATA Dunker. 
Plate XX, fig. 4. 


Turbonilla multigyrata DunKer, Ind. Moll. Mar. Jap., 1882, II, pl. x1, figs. 18-20. 


Shell large, elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls three, large, 
helicoid, moderately elevated, having their axis at a right angle to the 
axis of the later whorls and scarcely at all immersed in the first of them. 
Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, the greatest convexity falling a 
little anterior to the middle between sutures, moderately shouldered, 
and ornamented by strong, rounded, oblique, flexuose axial ribs, which 
are somewhat fused at the summit and more so at the periphery. 
Intercostal spaces rounded, not quite as wide as. the ribs, decidedly 
depressed, terminating suddenly at the periphery. Fourteen axial 
ribs are present upon the first, eighteen upon the fifth, twenty upon 

the tenth, and twenty-four upon the penultimate whorl. Suture chan- 
neled, periphery somewhat angulate, the summits of succeeding whorls 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


fall a little anterior to the peripheral termination of the depressed 
intercostal spaces and leave a very narrow smooth band apparent in 
the suture. Base of the last whorl very short, slightly rounded, with 
a small depressed area at the columella. Aperture subquadrate, mod- 
erately large, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, showing the 
external sculpture within by transmitted light; columella short, 
straight, and slightly revolute, with a weak, deep seated, oblique fold 
near its insertion, which is not apparent in the aperture when this is 
viewed squarely. 

The type comes from Japan, has fifteen post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: long. 11.5 mm.; diam. 2.8 mm. 


TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) DUNKERI Clessin. 
Plate XX, fig. 3. 


Turbonilla dunkeri CuEsstx, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyram., 1900, 
p. 257, pl. x11, fig. 3. 


Shell elongate-conic, gently tapering, dirty white. Nuclear whorls 
three, small, decidedly elevated, very loosely coiled, having their axis 
at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls and scarcely at all im- 
mersed in the first of them. Post-nuclear whorls very slightly rounded, 
almost flattened in the middle between the sutures, rather high, marked 
by strong, rounded, oblique axial ribs which extend prominently from 
the summit of the whorls to the periphery. Intercostal spaces about 
as wide as the ribs, decidedly depressed, extending from the summit 
to the periphery, where they suddenly terminate. Twelve axial ribs 
are present on the first, sixteen on the fifth, and twenty-one on the 
penultimate whorl. These ribs are not at all fused at the summit of 
the whorls, but remain distinct. At the periphery, however, they do 
become fused and terminate the depressed interspaces. Sutures sub- 
channeled. Periphery of the last whorl slightly angulated. Base 
moderately long and gently rounded. Aperture small, subquadrate, 
posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, columella slender, slightly 
curved and somewhat revolute, haying a weak, very oblique, deep- 
seated fold near its insertion, which is not visible in the aperture when 
this is viewed squarely. 

There are three specimens in the Dunker collection, Clessin’s types; 
they are from Nagasaki, Japan. The largest one of these, the one 
above described, has eleven post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 
6.2 mm.; diam. 1.6 mm. The smallest one agreeing in every way 
with the larger specimen, has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 4.2 mm.; diam. 1.2 mm. 

Clessin’s figure of this species is so poor that it not only fails in 
delineating the characters of the species, but is absolutely misleading. 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDAE—DALL AND BARTSCH. ent 


TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) ABSEIDA, new species. 
Plate XXI, fig. 4. 


Shell large, elongate-conic, milk-white, shining. Nuclear whorls 
decollated. Post-nuclear whorls decidedly rounded, slightly shouldered 
and somewhat constricted at the periphery, marked by very strong lam- 
ellar oblique axial ribs and deeply impressed intercostal spaces which 
are about twice as wide as the ribs. The ribs do not fuse at the sum- 
mit but terminate strongly as cusps, rendering the outline of the 
summits wavy; they fuse at the periphery and there suddenly termi- 
nate the deep intercostal spaces. The type, which has lost the nucleus 
and perhaps the first three post-nuclear whorls, has fourteen ribs on the 
first (remaining), sixteen on the fifth, and twenty-two on the penulti- 
mate whorl. The summits of succeeding whorls on the later volu- 
tions drop a little anterior to the periphery and permit a narrow plain 
band to appear above the suture. Periphery of the last whorl slightly 
angulated. Base short, well rounded. Aperture moderately large, 
subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the exter- 
nal sculpture within by transmitted light; columella oblique, revolute, 
with a weak oblique fold at its insertion. 

The type and five additional specimens belong to the Dunker collec- 
tion and come from Japan. One of these has been donated to the 
U.S. National Museum, where it is entered as No. 185886. The ten 
remaining post-nuclear whorls in the type measure: long. 8.4 mm.; 
diam. 2.3mm. Another specimen lacking only the nucleus has twelve 
post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 8 mm.; diam. 2.3 mm. It is 
possible that this form may be Zurbonilla perfecta A. Adams, but this 
can only be decided when Adams’ types shall have been located. His 
scant descriptions and lack of measurements make positive identifica- 
tion impossible when dealing with Chemnitzia, Turbonilla, or Odos- 
tomid. 


TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) APPROXIMATA, new species. 
Plate XX, fig. 1. 


Shell elongate-conic, gently tapering, white. Nuclear whorls decol- 
lated. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, slightly shouldered, ornamented 
by strong, rather narrow, oblique, axial ribs which are distinct at the 
summit but fuse at the periphery. Twelve of these ribs appear on 
the first, fifteen upon the ‘fifth, eighteen upon the tenth, and twenty- 
two upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces a little wider than 
the ribs, decidedly depressed, terminating suddenly at the periphery. 
The summit of the succeeding whorls falls a little anterior to the 
termination of the intercostal spaces and leaves a very narrow smooth 
area above the well-marked sutures, Periphery of the last whorl very 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——22 


338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


slightly angulated, base moderately long and well rounded. Aperture 
moderately large, subquadrate, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, 
showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light; columella 
slender, oblique, somewhat revolute; columellar fold not apparent in 
the aperture, parietal wall covered by a thin film of callus. 

There are two specimens in the Berlin collection, both belong to the 
Dunker collection and come from Japan; one of these has been donated 
to the U. S. National Museum and is entered as No. 185887, the other, 
the type, bas thirteen post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 8.2 mm. ; 
diam. 2.1 mm. 


TUBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) INFANTULA, new species. 
Plate XX, fig. 2. 


Shell very small, slender, milk-white. Nucleus prominent, helicoid, 
with elevated spire, consisting of two and one-half whorls, which are 
about one-fourth immersed in the first of the later whorls and have 
their axis at a right angle to the axis of these. Post-nuclear whorls 
six, moderately rounded and ornamented by strong, oblique ribs, of 
which sixteen occur upon the first and eighteen upon the penultimate 
whorl. Intercostal spaces about as wide as the ribs, terminating 
abruptly at the periphery. Base smooth. Aperture moderately large; 
outer lip (fractured). This is a young specimen; we add it to make 
the report complete. It was collected by Hilgendorf in Japan and 
measures: long. 2.1 mm.; diam. .6 mm. 


TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) ACTOPORA, new species. 
Plate XX, fig. 6. 


Shell very slender, elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls small, 
helicoid, obliquely one-third immersed in the first of the later whorls. 
Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, flattened and 
somewhat shouldered at the summit, marked by rather poorly devel- 
oped, low, broad, rounded, obliquely slanting axial ribs of which 
fourteen appear upon the second, sixteen upon the fifth and tenth 
whorl. On the penultimate these ribs are subobsolete. Intercostal 
spaces shallow, narrow, terminating at the periphery. Periphery and 
base of the last whorl well rounded, smooth. Aperture moderately 
large, subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, showing the 
external sculpture within by transmitted light; columella oblique, 
straight, somewhat revolute, bearing a low, rounded fold a little ante- 
rior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a mere film of callus. 

The Dunker collection contained five specimens of this species, one 
of which has been donated to the U. S. National Museum, No. 185888, 
all from Japan. The type has twelve post-nuclear whorls and meas- 
ures: long. 6.8 mm.; diam. 1.5 mm. 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. 339 


The slender shape and poorly developed sculpture w 
subobsolete on the last whorl wil] differentiate this from the other 
described species. 


TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) ACOSMIA, new species, 
Plate XX, fig. 5. 


Shell rather stout, broadly elongate-conic, gently tapering, milk- 
white. Nuclear whorls one and three-fourths, planorboid. large, 
extending somewhat beyond the outline of the spire on the left side, 
scarcely at all immersed, having their axis at a right angle to the axis 
of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the 
sutures, slightly rounded, somewhat shouldered, ornamented by rather 
low, broad, rounded, oblique axial ribs (which are badly worn on the 
first two whorls), the third contai ns fourteen, the fifth twenty, and the 
penultimate thirty; these ribs are distinct at the summit, but fuse at 
the periphery of the whorls. Intercostal spaces narrow, scarcely 
depressed below the general surface of the shell, extending to the 
periphery. Sutures well marked. The summits of the last three 
whorls fall a very little anterior to the termination of the intercostal] 
spaces and leave a very narrow plain band above the suture. Periph- 
ery and base of the last whorl well rounded. Aperture subquadrate, 
somewhat produced and effuse at the junction of the columella and the 
outer lip; posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the external 
sculpture within by transmitted light; columella straight, oblique, 
somewhat revolute, with a very weak, low, oblique fold a little ante- 
rior to its insertion. 

The type belongs to the Dunker collection and is without definite 
locality. All the other Pyramidellids in the Dunker collection are 
from Japan. It is quite probable therefore that this may also be the 
home of the present species. The type and only specimen has ten 
post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 8.4 mm.; diam. 2.4 mm. 

L. acosmia is similar in outline and ribbing to Turbonilla (Strio- 
turbonilla) secura=(new name for Turbonilla obeliscus Gould,” not 


Chemnitzia obeliscus C. B. Adams,’= Turbonilla (Strioturbon lla) obe- 
‘lascus C. B. Adams) from Simons Bay, Cape Town, South Africa, but 


| 


lacks the fine spiral strie and is in every way somewhat smaller. 


TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) GARRETTIANA, new name. 
Plate X XI, fig. 5. 


Odostomia sulcata GARRETT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1873, p. 224, pl. 
I, fig. 46. Not Turbonilla suleata DE Foxy, 1871. 


Shell moderately large, subdiaphanous, bluish white, shining. Karly 


Whorls decollated. Later whorls almost flattened, somewhat shouldered 


@Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 406. > Contr. to Conch., 1850, pp. 72-73. 


340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


at the summits, ;, ornamented with poodlye developed, broad, low; almost 
vertical axial ribs which are strongest at the summit of the shee and 
gradually grow weaker toward the periphery. The first three post- 
nuclear whorls probably are lost. The second of those left has eighteen 
ribs; the antipenultimate twenty-four and the penultimate twenty-two; 
on this they are much weaker than on the preceding whorls.  Inter- 
costal spaces broad and shallow, scarcely sunk below the general sur- 
face of the shell, becoming obsolete toward the periphery like the 
ribs. Sutures well marked. Base of the last whorl rather prolonged, 
smooth. Aperture moderately large, suboval, posterior angle acute; 
outer lip thin, junction of the columella and outer lip well rounded; 
columella oblique, somewhat revolute, provided with a prominent fold, 
a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 
The sixteen remaining whorls measure: long. 7.8 mm.; diam. 2.1 mm. 

The type is No. 58111 of the collection of the Philadelphia Academy 
of Natural Sciences and was collected by Garrett, in the Viti Islands. 


TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) CRENULATA Menke. 
Plate X XI, fig. 6. 
Oxytrema crenulata MENKE, Synopsis Methodica Molluscorum, 1830, p. 137. 


Shell elongate-conic, subturrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls 
decollated. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, somewhat shouldered at 
the summit, crossed by strong, rounded, very oblique, slightly sinuous, 
axial ribs, of which sixteen occur upon the fourth, twenty upon the 
tenth, and twenty-four upon the penultimate whorl. These ribs show 
a tendency toward fusing at the summit of the whorl, where they 
become slightly thickened; they extend strongly to the well-impressed 
sutures. Intercostal spaces about one-half as wide as the ribs, mod- 
erately depressed, terminating suddenly at the somewhat angulated 
periphery of the last whorl. Base of the last whorl short, well 
rounded, moderately large, marked only by lines of growth. Aper- 
ture subquadrate, somewhat effuse at the junction of the lip and col- 
umella, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the external 
sculpture within by transmitted light, columella straight, almost ver- 
tical, somewhat revolute, provided with a very weak oblique fold at 
its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin eallus. 

There are two specimens in the Pzetel collection which we believe to 
he the types. They are labeled ‘* Mexico.” They agree in every re- 
spect, except in the number of whorls. We have figured and deseribed 
the larger one of the two, which has thirteen post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: long. 8.6 mm; diam. 2 mm. 

Menke“ states that the specimens were collected by Doctor Schiede. 
Upon search it was ascertained th: at Doctor Schiede collec ted on the 


a 


“Synopsis Methodica Molluscorum, 1830, p. 137, 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALI AND BARTSCH. 341 


Atlantic side, especially about Vera Cruz. It is, therefore, quite 
likely that this may be the home of the present species. 
Oxytrema was proposed by Rafinesque for a genus of Melanians. 


NISITURRIS, new subgenus. 
Plate XXIV, fig. 3. 


This subgenus is proposed for Zurbonilla (N.) crystallina, which is 
differentiated from all the Turbonillas which we have seen by its very 
peculiar nucleus. The nucleus in 7urboni/a is helicoid or planorboid; 
in this individual, however, it is pupoid—that is, the nuclear whorls 
resemble a small sinistral pupa placed obliquely on the later whorls. 
The post-nuclear characters are those of Chemn/tzia s. s. 


TURBONILLA (NISITURRIS) CRYSTALLINA, new species. 
Plate XVII, fig. 7. Plate XXIV, fig. 3. 


Chemnitzia erystallina DunKER, Cat. Mus. Godeffroy, IV, 1869, p. 78 (a nomen 
nudum), not Pyramis crystallina Brown, 1827 (=Odostomia) nor Odostomia 
crystallina GARRETT, 1873 (=Pyramidella (Iphiana) crystallina), nor Odos- 
tomia (Auriculina) erystallina Monterosato, see Carus. Prod. Fauna Medit., p. 
275, 18938; =O. diaphana Jeffreys. 

Shell very slender and thin, elongate-conic, slightly umbilicated, 
almost transparent. Nuclear whorls large, very much elevated, coiled 
to resemble a small sinistral Pupa, smooth, situated obliquely upon 
the spire of the post-nuclear whorls and extending considerably beyond 
the lateral outline of this. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between 
the sutures, somewhat overhanging (this is particularly true of the 
earlier volutions), slightly shouldered at the summit, ornamented by 
strong, oblique, rounded axial ribs, which are slightly cusped at their 
posterior extremity, where they show a tendency toward becoming 
fused; fused at the periphery; twenty-two of these ribs occur upon 
the first (this whorl is more rounded than the rest and closer ribbed), 
fourteen upon the second, twelve upon the fifth, sixteen upon the tenth, 
and twenty upon the penultimate whorl. The intercostal spaces are 


twice as wide as the ribs, decidedly depressed, smooth, terminating at 


the fusing point of the ribs on the periphery. The summits of suc- 
ceeding whorls fall somewhat anterior to the periphery of the preceding 
whorl and give the whorls an overhanging effect as well as a narrow 
smooth band between the anterior termination of the intercostal spaces 
and the subchanneled sutures. Periphery and base of the last whorl 
well rounded, the latter very short, marked only by faint lines of 
growth. Aperture very large, almost circular in outline, outer lip 
thin, transparent, showing the external sculpture within; columella 
thin, curved and revolute, with a slight oblique fold near its insertion; 
parietal wall covered by a mere film of callus. 


342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


The type belongs to the Dunker collection and comes from Upolu, 
one of the Samoan Islands. It has twelve post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: long. 4.5 mm.; diam. 1mm. The nuclear whorls measure 
about 1mm. long. This species is the type of the subgenus Vis/turris, 
which differs from Chemnitzia s. s. by having the peculiar nucleus 
of the present species. 


TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) MONOCYCLA A. Adams. 
Plate XXII, fig. 8. 


Turbonilla monocycla A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1860, p. 418; not 
Parthenia (= Odostomia ( Egila?)) monocycla A. ADAMS. 

Shell elongate-conic, slender, slightly umbilicated, milk-white. 
Nuclear whorls small, almost completely obliquely immersed in the 
first post-nuclear whorl. Post-nuclear whorls very finely, wavily, 
spirally striated, shouldered at the summit, flattened, with a well 
impressed sulcus at the periphery; marked by strong, decidedly sin- 
uous axial ribs, of which sixteen occur upon the second, nineteen upon 
the fifth, and thirty upon the penultimate whorl. These ribs pass 
over the moderately deep peripheral sulcus and render the intersec- 
tions with its edges subnodulose. The entire sulcus to the anterior 
edge is visible above the suture; this therefore appears very deep. 
Intercostal spaces not quite as wide as the ribs. Base well rounded, 
sculptured by the continuation of the axial ribs, which extend to the 
umbilicus, and the minute spiral striation. Aperture rather large, 
suboval, posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external 
sculpture within by transmitted light; columella slender, curved, and 
revolute, provided with a quite strong oblique fold at its insertion. 

The specinien described belongs to the Petel collection, and comes 
from Japan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 4.3 
mm.; diam. 1.5mm. Another lot from the same collection and locality 
contains two additional specimens, both immature. 


TURBONILLA (PYRGISCULUS) CANDIDISSIMA, new name. 
Plate XVII, fig. 3. 
=Dunkeria candida A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 301; not 


Chemnitzia candida A, Apams, Proce. Zool. Soe., 1853; nor Turbonilla candida 
DE Four, Fonds de la Mer, I, 1871. 

Shell, milk-white, elongate-conic, with strongly, slopingly shoul- 
dered whorls. Nuclear whorls small, obliquely almost completely 
immersed. Post-nuclear whorls inflated, summits strongly, slopingly 
shouldered, ornamented by strong, decidedly elevated subacute, axial 
ribs, of which about twelve occur upon the first, eighteen upon the 
fifth, and twenty-two upon the penultimate whorl. These ribs extend 
prominently over the shoulder to the summit. Intercostal spaces _ 
about double the width of the axial ribs, crossed by alternate raised 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 3438 


and depressed spiral bands between the sutures, the raised bands are 
usually a little wider than the depressions, are spirally striated, and 
show here and there a tendency to bifurcation. Nine depressed areas 
are present upon the second, eleven upon the fifth, and the penult 
whorl, the posterior two of which are situated upon the shoulder and 
are less strongly developed than tho rest. Periphery and base of the 
last whorl well rounded, the latter somewhat produced, and sculptured 
like the spaces between the sutures, by the axial ribs, which extend 
quite prominently to the umbilicus and ten spiral raised and depressed 
bands. Aperture large, oval, outer lip thin, showing five deep-seated, 
interrupted, spiral lirations, the posterior ones of which are stronger 
and more distantly spaced; columella slender, revolute, curved, pro- 
vided with a quite prominent fold near the insertion; parietal wall 
covered by a quite strong callus. 

The specimen described belongs to the Dunker collection and comes 
from Nagasaki, Japan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: 
long. 6.7 mm.; diam. 2.2mm. There are two other specimens with 
this, one of which served for the description of the nucleus, which is 
lost in the type. ‘Two other lots, both from Nagasaki, Japan, contain 
two and three specimens, respectively. 

In some individuals the ribs are somewhat thickened at the anterior 
end of the shoulder and give this part a crenulated appearance; the 
width of the raised, spiral areas is also narrower in some individuals 
than the depressed areas. 


TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) MUMIA A. Adams. 
Plate X VII, fig. 1. 


Chrysallida mumia A. AdAms, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 45; not Chem- 
nitzia mumia SvrorpaNnt, 1858, which is not a Pyramidellid. 

Shell elongate-conic, small, white. Nuclear whorls three, moderately 
large, helicoid, having their axis at a right angle to the axis of the 
later whorls and about one-third immersed in the first of them. Post- 
nuclear whorls slightly rounded, almost flattened, shouldered at the 
summit with strong rounded axial ribs which render the summits of 
the whorls subcrenulate. There are fourteen of these ribs on the first, 
twenty on the fifth, and twenty-two on the penultimate whorl. Inter- 
costal spaces about as wide as the ribs, crossed ‘by a slender equal 
and equally spaced raised spiral threads, of which there are eight on 
the fourth and ten on the penultimate whorl between the sutures. 
Periphery of the last whorl somewhat angulated. Base attenuated, 
sculptured like the spaces between the sutures, by the axial ribs and 


‘ten spiral threads. Aperture rather small, outer lip (fractured) show- 


ie 


ing the external markings within, columella somewhat oblique, straight, 
revolute, with a fold near its insertion which would scarcely be visible 
in a specimen with a perfect aperture. 


344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ° VOL. XXX. 


The specimen described and figured belongs to the Petel collection, 
and comes fromJapan. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: 
long. 3.8 mm.; diam. 1. mm. : 


TURBONILLA (CINGULINA) CINGULATA Dunker. 
Plate X XI, fig. 1. 


Turbonilla cingulata DunKEr, Mal. Blitt., VI, 1860, p. 239: also Moll. Jap., p. 16, 
1861, pl. vin, fig. 18; not Monoptygma or Oscilla cingulata A. ADAMS. 

Shell elongate-conic, slender, milk-white. Nuclear whorls three, 
large, helicoid, rather elevated, smooth, having their axis at a right 
angle to the axis of the later whorls, and about one-fourth immersed 
in the first of them. Post-nuclear whorls ornamented between the 
sutures by three strong, moderately rounded, raised spiral keels, which 
are separated by channels of about the same width; the first keel is at 
the summit of the whorl; these raised keels are marked axially by 
irregular lines of growth while the depressed channels are crossed by 
numerous more or less equally developed and equally spaced slender 
axial bands. <A trace of the first keel anterior to the periphery may 
he seen above the suture in several of the last whorls. The periphery 
of the last whorl is marked by the anterior edge of the third channel, 
the next keel anterior to this is like those between the sutures, the 
remainder of the short base is marked by five less strongly developed 
keels and channels, the space about the umbilical region having faint, 
Wavy spiral striations. Aperture moderately large, suboval, posterior 
angle obtuse, slightly effuse at the junction of the outer lip and col- 
umella; outer lip arcuate, columella short, slender, curved, with a 
small and very oblique fold near its insertion which scarcely shows in 
the aperture; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

The above description was made from Dunker’s type specimen, the 
nucleus was described from a specimen belonging to the type lot which 
comes from Nagasaki, Japan. The type has twelve post-nuclear 
whorls (is minus the nucleus),and measures: long. 7.4mm. ; diam. 2.1mm. 

The type lot contains four specimens. Another lot from Hilgen- 
dorf comes from Enosima, Japan, and one belonging to the Petel col- 
lection is labeled simply Japan. 

Dunker states that the last whorl has eight lirations. He appears 
to have overlooked the basal one, which is not sharply defined in the 
somewhat worn type. 


TURBONILLA (CINGULINA) CINGULATA ‘LATICINGULA, new sub- 
species. 
Plate XX], fig. 3. 
Shell similar to 7. (C.) eingulata, a little more slender, with the 


nuclear whorls about one-third buried: the small axial bars are a little 
more pronounced and only four basal keels are present, the first one ~ 


— 


NO. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 345 


anterior to the periphery being extremely wide, fully double the width 
of the next. The aperture also is a little more effuse at the junction 
of the outer lip and the columella. 

The type has nine post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 4 mm.; 
diam. 1.2mm. It belongs to the Peetel collection, and comes from 
Japan. 


TURBONILLA (MORMULA) PHILIPPIANA Dunker. 
Plate X VIII, fig. 5. 


Turbonilla philippiana DunKer, Mal. Blatt., VI, 1860, p. 239; also Moll. Jap., 
TUfSollls jax Ii) jolla an ankeges wey. 


Shell broadly conic, vitreous to milk-white. Nucleus decollated. 
Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, moderately shouldered, crossed by 
about twenty strong, rounded axial ribs; intercostal spaces rounded, 
a little wider than the ribs, crossed by nine subequal and subequally 
spaced, moderately broad incised spiral lines which extend up on the 
sides of the axial ribs. At irregular intervals several axial ribs are 
fused and enlarged to form a varix. Periphery and base of last whorl 
well rounded, the latter marked by the faint continuations of the axial 
ribs, which scarcely extend to its middle, and twelve well incised, wavy, 

spiral lines which become wider and more distantly spaced toward the 

umbilical region. Aperture rather small, subquadrate; posterior angle 
obtuse; columella short, somewhat straight, twisted; columellar fold 
not visible in the aperture; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

Two specimens are before us; Dunker’s type, from Desima, Japan, 
a poor and much-worn individual and another in the U.S. National 
Museum, received from A. Adams, collected in Japan and labeled 
Mormula rissoina A. Adams. ‘These two specimens appear both to be 
young shells and are absolutely identical. We have therefore described 
and figured the more perfect of the two, which we do not believe to be 
M. rissoina A. Adams. Both have seven and one-half post-nuclear 
whorls which in the U. 8. National Museum specimen No. 126062 
measure: long. 5.3.mm.; diam. 2.6 mm. Dunker’s specimen (type) 
measures: long. 5.5 mm.; diam. 2.6 mm. 


TURBONILLA (MORMULA) AULICA, new name. 
Plate XXII, fig. 7. 


Turbonilla varicosa DuNKER, Mal. Blitt., VI, 1860, p. 339; also Moll. Jap., 1861, 
p. 15, pl. u, fig. 9; =? Chemnitzia varicosa A. ADAms, 1853, not Parthenia 
(Mormula) varicosa Fores, Report Aeg. Iny., 1844, p. 136, nor Turbonilla 
varicosa DODERLEIN, 1892. 


Shell elongate-conic, gently and evenly tapering; flesh-color with a 
brown base. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls well 
rounded, somewhat shouldered, crossed by strong rounded axial ribs, 


ies 


846 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


about sixteen of which appear on the fourth, eighteen on the eighth, 
and twenty-two on the penultimate whorl. At irregular intervals sev- 
eral of these ribs are fused and enlarged to form a varix, five of which 
are present on this shell. Intercostal spaces about as wide as the ribs, 
marked by seven moderately broad, incised, spiral lines between the 
sutures; the posterior one of these is at some little distance below 
the summit. These lines are subequally spaced and of about the 
same width, except the last one, which is about twice as broad as the 
others and marks the periphery with a series of rectangular pits. The 
elevated spaces between the incised lines pass over the axial ribs and 
render them faintly nodulose. The spaces inclosed between the first 
and second, fourth and fifth, and sixth and seventh spiral lines are a 
little more elevated than the rest and hence appear as stronger nodes 
on the ribs. Periphery of the last whorl angulated. Base short, mod- 
erately rounded, marked by the feeble continuation of the axial ribs, 
which hardly extend to the umbilical region, and eight well-incised 
subequally spaced, wavy, spiral lines, the raised area between the ante- 
rior one of these and the series of pits at the suture is like the raised 
spaces between the incised lines between the sutures; the rest appear 
as mere wavy raised threads. Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle 
obtuse, outer lip showing the external sculpture within; columella 
straight, twisted, without apparent fold, parietal wall covered by a 
thin callus. Columella brown; this color tinges the adjacent area, 
fading out altogether on the middle of the base. 

Dunker’s type, the specimen here described and figured, comes from 
Desima, Japan. It has fourteen postnuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 9.6 mm.; diam. 2.2 mm. 


TURBONILLA (LANCELLA) BELLA, new species. 
Plate XXII, fig. 6. 


Shell elongate-conic, slender, vitreous to milk-white. Nuclear whorls 
three, large, helicoid, considerably elevated, smooth, having their axis 
almost at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls. Post-nuclear 
whorls quite high between the sutures, well rounded, with a mere indi- 
cation of a shoulder at the summit, ornamented by moderately strong, 
rounded axial ribs, about eighteen of which occur upon the second, 
twenty on the fifth, and twenty-eight upon the penultimate whorl. 
Intercostal spaces about two-thirds the width of the ribs. The spiral 
sculpture between the sutures consists of equal and subequally 
spaced alternate raised and depressed areas, both of which pass over 
the axial ribs and lend them a subnodulose aspect; eight of these areas 
appear on the third, nine upon the fifth, and eleven upon the penulti- 
mate whorl. In addition to the above-described sculpture, seven 
irregularly distributed varices are present, which consist of several 
enlarged and fused axial ribs. The first one of these appears on the 


| 


Cems 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 347 


first post-nuclear whorl. Periphery of the last whorl angular. Base 
very short, almost flat, marked by faint continuations of the axial ribs 
and twelve wavy, spiral lirations which are separated by channels of 
about the same width; both lirations and channels are widest at the 
periphery and gradually become smaller toward the umbilical area. 
Aperture rather small, subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip 
thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella straight, slender, 
and somewhat revolute; columellar fold not apparent in the aperture; 
parietal wall covered by a mere film of callus. 

The type has nine and one-eighth post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 7.5 mm.; diam. 2.3mm. It belongs to the Peetel collection and 
comes from Japan. It was labeled MJormula elongata H. Adams, which 
was evidently intended for Zwrbonilla (Lancea) elongata Pease, as A. 
Adams has not described a 7) elongata. The present species strongly 
recalls 7) (Lancea) peaset, but differs from it in nuclear structure, in 
the number of alternating raised and depressed spiral area and in 
the structure of the base which in pease? is sculptured like the space 
between the sutures. 


TURBONILLA (LANCELLA) PEASEI, new name. 


=Turbonilla (Lancea) elongata Prasn, Am. Jour. Conch., IlI, 1868, p. 293, pl. 
XxIV, fig. 22. Not Turbonilla elongata KOnINcK, 1841; nor Chemnitzia elongata 
Parurpr!, 1844; nor Chemnitzia humboldtiana elongata ReQuiEN 1848. Tur- 
bonilla ( Lancella) peasei is the type of the subgenus Lancella. 


BABELLA, new subgenus. 


Shell with strong axial ribs between the sutures and three spiral 
keels, two of which are at the periphery, which falls in the deep sulcus 
between them, and one a little anterior to the middle of the base. 

Type.—Turbonilla (Babella) celatior, new name. 


TURBONILLA (BABELLA) CALATIOR, new name. 
Plate XVII, fig. 9. 


Parthenia cxlata A. ADAms, Jour. Linn. Soe. London, VII, 1863, p. 4; not Tur- 
bonilla cxlata GouLp, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 406; nor 
Chemnitzia cxlata CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XV, 1865, p. 400, which 
may be called hypocurta. 

Shell elongate-conic, turrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, 
three, helicoid, rather loosely coiled and elevated, having their axis at 
a right angle to the axis of the later whorls and about one-third 
immersed in the first of them. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, strongly 
sculptured, with axial ribs and three spiral keels. There is a strong, 
rounded, rather broad spiral keel on each side of the deeply sulcate 
periphery; the peripheral sulcus is about as wide as a keel and marks 
the path for the shouldered and crenulated summit of the succeeding 
whorls. A second deep spiral sulcus, equal in width to the peripheral 


> 


348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU RSX 


anterior termination of the strong, rounded, backward-slanting axial 
ribs between the sutures. Sixteen of these ribs occur upon the second, 
seventeen upon the fifth, and twenty upon the penultimate whorl. 
Intercostal spaces almost as wide as the ribs, crossed by two strongly 
impressed, moderately broad spiral lines, which also pass over and 
somewhat constrict the axial ribs, giving them a dumbell-shaped out- 
line; the posterior thickened portion is a little wider than the anterior 
one. The space between these two deeply impressed lines is crossed 
hy about eight minute, subequally spaced spiral striations. Periphery 
of the last whorl deeply suleate, crossed by numerous closely spaced 
axial striations, keel anterior to the periphery almost as strong as the 
one posterior to it; the third keel is a little anterior to the middle of 
the base and is rather low and broad; the space between it and the 
keel above is gently rounded and finely axially striated, which is also 
true of the space between this keel and the umbilical area. Aperture 
moderately large, suboval, effuse at the junction of the outer lip and 
columella; posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, irregular in outline, 
showing the external sculpture within; columella short, curved, stout, 
bearing a strong, acute, oblique fold a little anterior to its insertion; 
parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

There are two lots of this species in the Berlin collection, both from 
Japan; one, No. 1446, containing two specimens, was received from 
H. Adams, and it is one of these that we have here described and 
figured. This specimen has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 4.4 mm.; diam. 1.5 mm. The other belongs to the Peetel col 
lection. 

ODOSTOMIA (TRABECULA) TANTILLA A. Adams. 
Plate XXII, fig. 3. 


Pyrgulina tantilla A. Apams, Jour. Linn. Soe. London, VII, 1863, p. 5. 


Shell small, slender, turrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, 
strongly obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl, only a 
portion of the last volution is visible. Post-nuclear whorls strongly 
shouldered, moderately rounded, rather high between the sutures, and 
appearing somewhat constricted at this point, marked by strong, 
rounded, backward slanting axial ribs, which render the summits of 
the whorls strongly crenulate; fourteen of these ribs occur upon the 
second, twenty-three upon the fourth, and thirty-two upon the penul- 
timate whorl. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the ribs, 
crossed between the sutures by five subequally spaced, raised spiral 
threads, the posterior one of which is a little farther from the summit 
than it is from its adjacent fellow; it is also a little less strongly 
developed than the rest. The ribs and spiral threads thus form a 
series of meshes or reticulations. Periphery and base of the last 


— 


No. 12. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 349 


whorl well rounded, sculptured, like the spaces between the sutures, 
by the axial ribs which continue prominently to the narrow umbilicus, 
and six subequal and subequally spaced spiral threads, with an indica- 
tion of a very weak seventh within the narrow umbilicus. Aperture 
moderately large, ovoid, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip strong, colu- 
mella slender, decidedly curved, and somewhat revolute, with a promi- 
nent oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a very 
strong callus, which gives the peristome a complete appearance. 

The U.S. National Museum has two specimens from A. Adams, col- 
lected in Japan, No. 126005, the larger one of which has furnished 
the figure and the above description, excepting the aperture, which is 
imperfect in this specimen and was described from the second indi- 
vidual. The large one has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 2.6 mm.; diam. 0.9mm. The Peetel collection contains one from 
Japan. 


ODOSTOMIA (PARTHENINA) META, new species. 
Plate XXIII, fig. 5. 


Shell milk-white, very small, thin, turrited, with channeled sutures 
and obtuse apex. Nuclear whorls small, strongly obliquely immersed 
in the first post-nuclear whorl; only a portion of the last volution is 
visible. | Post-nuclear whorls somewhat overhanging, rather high 
between the sutures, shouldered at the summit, flattened, suddenly 
contracted below the periphery.~ The summits of succeeding whorls 
fall considerably anterior to the periphery, which appears decidedly 
angular. The whorls are marked by strong axial ribs which extend 
undiminished over the angular periphery and base of the last whorl 
to the umbilical region. Sixteen of these ribs occur upon the second, 
twenty-two upon the fourth and the penultimate whorl. The ribs are 
slightly constricted just below the summit, which gives them a beaded 
appearance. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the ribs, crossed 
by two closely placed, raised spiral threads, the anterior one of which 
marks the angulation of the periphery. The junction of ribs and 
spiral threads is subnodulose. Base moderately long, narrowly umbil- 
icate. Aperture suboval, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip rather thick, 
columella strongly curved, with a prominent oblique fold near its inser- 
tion; parietal wall covered with a heavy callus, which gives the peri- 
stome a completed aspect. 

The specimen described belongs to the Peetel collection and comes 
from Japan. It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 2.1 
mm.; diam. 0.8 mm. 


350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) DUX, new species. 
Plate XVII, fig. 4. 


Shell ovate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls moderately large, obliquely 
deeply immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl, the peripheral portion 
only of the last volution projects above the edge. Post-nuclear whorls 
moderately rounded, strongly crenulately shouldered, marked between 
the sutures by four spiral keels, the posterior two of which are a little 
more closely spaced than the rest and twenty axial ribs which do not 
extend entirely across the whorl but terminate at the suleus which 
separates the third from the fourth keel. Each junction of an axial 
rib and a spiral keel is marked by a tubercle; the tubercles of the - 
first and second keel belonging to the same axial rib are somewhat 
fused, there being a less prominent constriction between them than 
between the second and third, the complete effect being that of an 
exclamation point. The fourth spiral keel is strong and rounded and 
decidedly elevated, a very slender extension of the axial rib reaches 
across the deep spiral sulcus, which like the sulci of the base is crossed 
by fine, subequally spaced, raised axial threads. Base moderately well 
rounded, attenuated, ornamented with five subequal and subequally 
spaced, somewhat flattened, spiral keels. Aperture rather large, sub- 
oval, effuse at the junction of the outer lip and the columella; posterior 
angle acute, outer lip wavy, thin, showing the external sculpture within; 
columella strong, curved, reenforced by the attenuated base, provided - 
with a strong fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin 
callus. 

The type has four post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 1.8mm.; 
diam. | mm. It is from Japan and belongs to the Peetel collection. 

Of the twenty-eight species described as Chrysallida by A. Adams, 
we have been able to refer only one positively to this group, namely 
C. plicata. 


ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) DENSECOSTATA Garrett. 
Plate X VIII, fig. 4. 


Shell elongate-ovate, very thin, subdiaphanous, milk-white, shining. 
Nuclear whorls almost completely obliquely immersed in the first post- 
nuclear whorl. Post-nuclear whorls rounded, rather inflated, moder- 
ately shouldered, and marked by many well-developed, regular, rounded, 
toward the aperture slanting axial ribs, of which twenty occur upon 
the second, twenty-four upon the fifth, and thirty upon the penulti- 
mate whorl. These ribs are somewhat thickened at their posterior 
extremity and give the summits of the whorls a beaded appearance. 
Intercostal spaces a little wider than the ribs, crossed by many incised 
spiral lines, which are about as wide as the raised spaces between them. 
These incised spiral lines are a little less strongly developed on the 


no. 1492. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. ook 


posterior portion of the whorls, where the ribs are thickened, but 
anterior to these thickenings they are very regular and regularly 
spaced. There are eighteen on the fifth and twenty-six on the penul- 
timate whorl. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the 
latter marked by the strong continuations of the axial ribs, which 
extend almost undiminished to the umbilical region. The intercostal 
spaces on the base are marked like those between the sutures by 
twenty-two incised spiral lines. Sutures well marked. Aperture 
moderately large, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the 
external sculpture within; junction of columella and outer lip well 
rounded; columella decidedly curved, thin, somewhat revolute, pro- 
vided with a prominent oblique fold, a little anterior to its insertion. 
This fold joins the columella in such a manner as to give this a decid- 
edly sigmoid curve. Parietal wall without callus. 

Garrett’s types embrace six specimens, all from the Viti Islands. 
The best developed one is here described and figured. It has eight 
post-nuclear whorls, and measures: long. 4 mm.; diam. 1.7 mm. The 
specimens belong to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 
where they are entered as No. 58110. P. Fischer“ considered this 
species synomymous with Odostomia (= Pyrgqulina) interstriata Sou- 
verbie. In this we do not agree with him, but consider the present 
species distinct. 


ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) DENSECOSTATA UPOLUENSIS, new sub- 
species. 


Plate X VIII, fig. 1. 


Shell elongate-conic, subturrited, early whorls bluish-white, later 
ones milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, almost completely obliquely 
immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl; only half of the tilted last 
volution can be seen. Post-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, the 
posterior two-thirds between the sutures almost flattened, somewhat 
shouldered, marked by strong obliquely backward-slanting rounded 
axial ribs which are somewhat thickened and subcuspidate at the sum- 
mits; fourteen of these ribs occur upon the first, eighteen upon the 
third, twenty-four upon the fifth and on the penultimate whorl. Inter- 
costal spaces somewhat variable in width, one to one and one-half 
times as wide as the ribs, crossed by fine subequal and subequally 
spaced impressed spiral lines, the spaces between them being a little 


' wider than the impressed Jines; about twenty of these lines occur 


between the sutures on the fifth and twenty-two upon the penultimate 
whorl. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter 
marked like the spaces between the sutures by the strong continuation 
of the axial ribs, which extend undiminished to the small umbilical 


@Jour. de Conch., X XIV, 1876, p. 150. 


Ue PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


chink, and by twenty impressed spiral lines which here are almost as 
wide as the spaces between them. Aperture suboval, outer lip thin, 
showing the external sculpture within; columella slender, curved, and 
reflected, with a moderately strong, oblique fold at its insertion; pari- 
etal wall covered by a moderately thick callus which gives the peristome 
an almost continuous appearance. 

The type and another specimen belong to the Pzetel collection and 
come from Upolu, one of the Samoan Islands. The type has seven 
post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 3.7mm.; diam. 1.5mm. It 
differs from 0. (7.) densecostata Garrett in being more slender, having 
the whorls less inflated and rounded (densecostata has them decidedly 
rounded) and in having a greater number of axial ribs. 


ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) ALVEATA A. Adams. 
Plate XXII, fig. 5. 
Chrysallida alveata A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1861, p. 45. 


Shell small, oblong, ovate, milk-white. Nuclear whorls decollated. 
Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, moderately 
rounded, strongly shouldered at the summit, which is ‘subtabulated, 
crossed by strong, rounded, almost vertical axial ribs, which render the 
summit of the whorlscrenulate. Eighteen of these ribs occur upon the 
third, and nineteen upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces 
about one-half as wide as the ribs, crossed by about twelve fine, sub- 
equally spaced, incised spiral lines. The summits of succeeding whorls 
fall a little anterior to the somewhat angulated periphery of the preced- 
ing whorl on the earlier volutions, and gives them a somewhat con- 
stricted appearance at the deep sutures. Periphery of the last whorl 
very faintly angulated. Base well rounded, somewhat pinched at the 
umbilical region, marked by the strong continuations of the axial 
ribs, and about ten spirally incised lines in the spaces between them. 
Aperture oval, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thick (fractured) 
showing seven equally well-developed and equally spaced internal lira- 
tions; columella short, decidedly curved and revolute, with a strong 
oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

The specimen described and figured belongs to the Petel collection 
and comes from Japan. It has five post-nuclear whorls, and measures: 
long. 2.mm.; diam. 1.1mm. It is badly worn, which prevents making 
an accurate count of the incised spiral lines; there are, however, prob- 
ably twenty between the suture and the summit on the penultimate 
whorl and perhaps a similar number on the base. Adams _ in his 
description does not mention the internal lirations of the outer lip, 
hut these are usually deep-seated, or appear at intervals, and may not 
have been apparent in the specimen originally described. 


ane 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. ooo 


ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) LECTA, new species. 
Plate XXII, fig. 2. 


Shell elongate-ovate, turrited, shouldered, sutures crenulated, shin- 
ing, hyaline to milk-white. Nuclear whorls moderately large, deeply 
obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding whorls, only the last 
half turn of the last volution is visible from the side. Post-nuclear 
whorls rather high between the sutures, somewhat flattened, the sum- 
mit of the succeeding whorls falls a little anterior to the periphery of 
the preceding one, which gives the whorls a constricted appearance at 
the suture. The whorls are ornamented by strong sublamellar axial 
ribs, which are thickened and cuspid at the summit; fourteen of these 
ribs occur upon the first, sixteen upon the third, and twenty upon the 
penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces broad and rounded, fully three 
times the width of the ribs, crossed by narrow, incised spiral lines, 
which are about one-fourth as wide as the space inclosed between them; 
twelve of these lines occur between the sutures upon the fourth and 
penultimate whorls. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, 
the latter attenuated, marked like the space between the sutures by the 
prominent continuations of the axial ribs and ten incised strong, spiral 
lines. Aperture suboval (outer lip fractured), columella short, curved, 
reenforced by the attenuated base, provided witha strong, oblique fold 
near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a moderately thick callus, 
which extends over the umbilical area. 

The specimen described has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 3.4 mm.; diam. 1.5 mm. It belongs to the Petel collection and 
was labeled Chrysallida plicata A. Adams, Japan. It is not C. plicata 
A. Adams, but may be one of the following species, of which Adams’s 
description is not sufficiently diagnostic to make identification possible 
without authentic material: Chrysallida pupula, consobrina, and casta, 
all of which appear to belong to the subgenus Pyrgulina. 


ODOSTOMIA (PYRGULINA) AMANDA Garrett. 
Plate X VILL, fig. 3. 


Odostomia amanda GARRETT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Soe-Phila., 3d ser., III, 1873, p. 225 
pl. m1, fig. 47. 


Shell, slender; elongate, conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls, three; 
|| moderately large, helicoid, having their axis at a right angle to the axis 
| of the later whorls and scarcely immersed in the first of them. Post- 
| nuclear whorls moderately rounded, somewhat shouldered, ornamented 
| by strong rounded vertical or slightly backward-slanting axial ribs 
which are thickened at the summit to form small cusps. Sixteen of 

Proc. N. M. vol. xx#—06——23 


the fifth, and twenty-six upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal 
spaces, about as wide as the ribs, crossed by well-incised, equal and 


subequally spaced spiral lines which are about one-fourth as wide as 


the spaces inclosed between them. There are no spiral lines in the 
intercostal spaces near the summit of the whorls; the first one falls 


about parallel with the anterior limit of the cuspid summit of the axial 


ribs: nine lines occur between the sutures on the fourth, eleven on the 
fifth, and twelve on the penultimate whorl. Periphery of the last whorl 
very slightly angulated. Base well rounded, marked by strong con- 
tinuations of the axial ribs, which extend to the umbilical region, and 
eighteen incised spiral lines in the intercostal spaces; these lines grad- 
ually become more crowded toward the umbilical region. Aperture 
moderately large, suboval, somewhat effuse at the junction of the outer 
lip and columella; posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the 
external sculpture within; columella oblique, slightly curved, and 
somewhat revolute, reenforced by the somewhat attenuated basal por- 
tion of the last whorl; provided with a weak oblique fold at its inser- 
tion; parietal wall without perceptible callus. 

The specimen described and figured is Garrett’s type. It belongs to 
the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, where it is entered as 
No. 58109. It comes from the Viti Islands, has seven post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: long. 31mm.; diam. 1.1 mm. The Peretel col- 
lection contains a specimen which was collected at Upolu, one of the 
Samoan Islands. 


EGILINA, new subgenus. 


Odostomias having strong axial ribs between the sutures which are 
interrupted at the periphery by a deep spiral sulcus. Intercostal 
spaces smooth. Base ornamented by spiral keels, the spaces between 
which are marked by many very slender axial threads. 

Type.— Odostomia (Egilina) mariella A. Adams. 


ODOSTOMIA (EGILINA) MARIELLA A. Adams. 
Plate XXII, fig. 4. 
Parthenia mariella A. AbAMs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI. 1860, p. 415. 


Shell small, umbilicated, regularly conic with obliquely truncated 
apex and deeply channeled sutures; milk-white. Nuclear whorls 
almost completely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl; only half 
of the last volution projects above it. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, 
marked by strong, very obliquely backward-slanting axial ribs, which 
are thickened at the summits and constricted a little below the sum- 
mit, which renders the top of each rib beaded. Anteriorly the ribs 
are terminated by the posterior margin of the peripheral sulcus; here 
the ribs expand somewhat and almost fuse, and this expansion gives 


| 


no. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 355 


them a subnodulose effect at this point. Intercostal spaces smooth, 
about as wide as the axial ribs, decidedly depressed in the middle—that 
is, between the bead at the summit and the nodules at the periphery. 
Periphery of the last whorl deeply sulcate. Base well rounded, 
marked by about nine spiral lirations, the posterior one of which is 
decidedly wider than the rest; the depressed spaces between the lira- 
tions are marked by fine axiaPthreads. Both the spiral lirations and 
the spaces between them gradually diminish in width from the periph- 
ery to the umbilical area. Aperture suboval, posterior angle acute, 
columella strongly oblique, somewhat revolute, reenforced by the some- 
what attenuated base and provided with a fairly strong oblique fold 
near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thick callus, which gives 
the peristome a continuous appearance. On the last whorl the first 
basal keel appears above the sutures, which is therefore not channeled 
like the sutures of the preceding whorls. 

The specimen described has four post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 1.8 mm.; diam. .8 mm. It belongs to the Peetel collection and 
comes from Japan. It was labeled Parthenia pagodula A. Adams, 
but is not that species. 


ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA?) JAMAICENSIS Clessin. 
Plate XVI, fig. 6. 


Miralda jamaicensis Cunsstx, Martini-Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, 2d ed., 
Pyramid., 1900, p. 262, pl. xxx1tv, fig. 6. 
| Shell elongate-ovate, turrited, milk-white. Nuclear whorls two, 
small, helicoid, obliquely half immersed in the first of the succeeding 
volutions. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, strongly tabu- 
‘lately shouldered at the summit, ornamented by broad, slightly 
| rounded spiral keels, three of which occur between the sutures on the 
| first and second, and four upon the penultimate whorl. The posterior 
‘one of these keels is situated at the summit of the whorl! and is not as 
| wide as the others, and appears as if it might be strongly crenulated 
‘in well-preserved specimens. The second keel also shows traces of 
-erenulations.. The incised channels between the keels are about one- 
‘fourth as wide as the keels and are crossed by very fine, raised, quite 
‘closely spaced, backward-slanting axial threads. Periphery and base 
of the last whorl well rounded. The latter marked by a strong raised 
‘spiral keel on its middle and a lesser tumid area at the umbilical 
‘region; the space between the middle keel and the periphery appears 
to be without spiral sculpture. The entire base is crossed by lines of 
‘growth. Sutures very strongly channeled. Aperture large, broadly 
‘oval, somewhat produced at the junction of the columella and lip; 
‘posterior angle obtuse, outer lip rather thick; columella strong, 
curved, reenforced by the attenuated base and provided with a moder- 
‘ately strong oblique fold near its insertion. . 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


There are two specimens in the Berlin collection, No. 28742, from 
Jamaica, obtained by Verkruzen; they have the aspect of Bowden bed 
fossils. The best preserved individual has four post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: long. 2.1. mm.; diam. 1.2mm. If the specimens prove to 
be not crenulated, but simply spirally keeled, then it will have to be 
transferred to the subgenus Odetta: Clessin’s tigure of this species“ is 


se 
wretchedly poor. R 


ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA) DIADEMA A. Adams. 
Plate XVII, fig. 2. 
Parthenia diadema A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., V, 1860, p. 479. 


Shell small, subovate, minutely umbilicated, with the summits of the 
whorls decidedly tabulated, white. Nuclear whorls two, moderately 
large, helicoid, about one-third immersed in the later whorls. Post- 
nuclear whorls moderately rounded, decidedly tabulated at the summit, 


ornamented by rounded, axial ribs which quickly diminish in strength 


as they pass from the summit of the whorls to the periphery; sixteen 
of these ribs occur upon the second, and twenty upon the penultimate 
whorl. The ribs are thickened at the anterior termination of the 
shoulder and render it decidedly crenulated. Intercostal spaces a little 
wider than the ribs. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are 
marked by strong spiral cords, two of which can be seen between the 
sutures on the first and second and four and one-half upon the penulti- 
mate whorl; the junction of the posterior one of these two cords and 
the axial ribs form a series of tubercles. The anterior cord is only 
slightly tuberculated, the ribs extending only feebly to it. Periphery 
and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter decidedly attenuated 
and marked by seven subequal and subequally spaced spiral keels. 
Aperture large, suboval, posterior angle very obtuse, outer lip thick, 
columella reenforced by the attenuated base, curved, provided with a 
conspicuous oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a 
moderately thick callus. 


There are two specimens of this species in the Berlin collection, col 


lected in Japan and obtained from H. Adams. The better preserva 
one of the two has been described. It has five post-nuclear whorls and 
measures: long. 2.8-mm.; diam. 1.2 mm. 


ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA) GEMMA A. Adams. 


Plate X“XTI, fig. 1. 


Chrysallida gemma A. Apams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 302. : 7 


Shell small, elongate-conic, slender, slightly umbilicated, white. § 


Nuclear whorls at least two, obliquely about half immersed in the 
first of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls flattened, with strong 


# Martini-Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, 1900, p. 262, pl. xxxIv, fig: 6, 


¢ 


z 
‘ 


Ew 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 357 


tabulated and crenulated Fainits: eter ds by ghrée strong, rounded, 
subequally spaced, spiral keels and rounded axial ribs between as 
sutures; the latter extend from the summit to and over the second 
keel, but not over the sulcus separating this from the third. The 
junctions of the axial ribs and spiral keels form strong tubercles. 
Sulcus between the second and third keel deep, decidedly deeper than 
the peripheral sulcus, both of which, as well as the sulci of the base 
are crossed by minute closely placed, axial raised threads. Base of the 
last whorl well rounded, somewhat attenuated, marked by five strong, 
rounded, subequal and subequally spaced spiral keels. Aperture oval, 
posterior angle acute, outer lip wavy, columella short, curved and 
slightly revolute, provided with a quite strong oblique fold near its 
insertion; parietal wail covered by a moderately thick callus. 

The specimen described and figured belongs to the Ptel collection 
and comes from Japan. It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: 


long. 3.2mm.; diam..8mm. The U.S. National Museum has a speci- 


men, No. 185889, from H. Adams, also from Japan. 
ODOSTOMIA (MIRALDA) species? 


The Pretel collection contains another specimen of J//ralda which is 
in every way heavier than 0. (J/.) diadema A. Adams. It is, how- 
ever, so badly worn that positive identification at the present time 
is impossible. It has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 
2.2mm.; diam.1.4mm. It is labeled Wralda diadema A. Adams, and 
comes from Japan, but is not that species. 


ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) EXARATISSIMA, new name. 
Plate XIX, figs. 3, 7. 


= Menestho exarata A. ADAms, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1861, p. 303, not 
Parthenia exarata, CARPENTER, 1856. 


Shell elongate-conic, soiled white. Nuclear whorls at least two, 
moderately large, helicoid, one-half obliquely immersed in the first 
post-nuclear volution, the periphery projecting slightly beyond the 
left outline of the spire. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, very 
slightly shouldered, marked by faint lines of growth and well incised 
spiral lines, which are not all of the same strength nor are they equally 


spaced. Six of these appear upon: the second, and seven upon the 


penultimate whorl between the sutures. Periphery and base of the 
last whorl well rounded, the latter sculptured like the space between the 
sutures, bearing six incised lines which are not quite as strong as those 
between the sutures. Aperture oval, effuse at the junction of the 


outer lip and the columella, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, but 


opaque, columella short, curved, somewhat sevalite: reenforced By the 


attenuated base, parietal wall covered by a faint callus. 


Kee » 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


There are five specimens OF this species in the Berlin collection. 
They were obtained by Hilgendorf at Hakodate, Japan. The one 
above described has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 
4.2mm.; diam. 1.9mm. There is considerable diversity in the expres- 
sion of the incised spirals in the several specimens; in one they are 
almost obsolete on the base, One individual is decidedly more obese 
than the rest (fig. 3). It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 4.5 mm.; diam. 2.5 mm. Another badly-worn individual from 
Japan was labeled Vanesta evarata A. Adams. 


ODOSTOMIA (ODETTA) LECTISSIMA, new species. 
Plate X XIII, fig. 3 


Shell elongate, ovate, milk-white. Nuclear whorls moderately large, 
almost buried in the first post-nuclear whorls, only the tumid periph- 
ery of the last volution and a mere speck of another turn are visible. 
Post-nuclear whorls inflated and strongly, slopingly shouldered, orna- 
mented between the sutures by five spiral keels, the posterior one of 
which is much less developed than the rest and occupies the space at 
the suture on the shoulder. The other four are strong, well rounded, 
subequal and subequally spaced. The first one is at the shoulder, and 
the anterior edge of the fourth bounds the peripheral sulcus. The 
sulci between these spiral cords are deep, a little wider than the cords 
and crossed by very regular and regularly spaced, backward-slanting, 
raised axial threads, which, were they not interrupted by the spiral 
keels, would form continuous lines from the summits to the umbilical 
region. Base of the last whorl short, well rounded, somewhat pinched 
behind the columella but not perforated, sculptured like the space 
between the sutures, having five spiral keels. Aperture large, some- 
what produced at the junction of the outer lip and the columella; 
posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, decidedly wavy in outline, 
showing the external sculpture within; columella straight, slender, 
somewhat revolute, with a weak fold near its insertion which is not 
apparent when the aperture is viewed squarely; parietal wall covered 
by a thin callus. 

The type belongs to the Pretel collection and is from Japan. It has 
four post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 1.7 mm.; diam. .1’mm. 


ODOSTOMIA (ODETTA) FELIX, new species. 
Plate X XI, fig. 2. 


Shell broadly elongate-conic, turrited, subdiaphanous. Nuclear 
whorls small, almost completely obliquely immersed, only part of 
the last rounded volution is visible above the first of the later whorls. 
Post-nuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well rounded, moderately shoul- 
dered, marked by strong, equally developed, spiral keels which are 
separated by subequal, deep, rounded sulci. The latter are somewhat — 


1 


“ 


J 


no. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 359 


threads. Three keels are present upon the first and second, on the 
third a fourth keel appears partly at the suture, but the greater part 
of it is covered up by the summit of the succeeding volution. The 
penultimate whorl has four keels, the posterior one of which marks 
the summit and is a little wider than the rest and somewhat flattened. 
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus. Base well rounded, 
attenuated, ornamented like the spaces between the sutures, having six 
spiral keels. These keels, as well as the sulci, gradually diminish in 
breadth from the periphery to the umbilical region. Aperture oyal, 
outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella rather 
heavy, somewhat curved, backed up by the attenuated base and pro- 
vided witha strong oblique fold at its insertion; parietal wall covered 
by a thin callus. 

The type belongs to the Peetel collection and comes from Japan. It 
has five and one-half post-nuclear whorls and measures: long, 2.6 mm. ; 
diam., 1.3 mm. It was labeled Avalea liruta A. Adams, but is not that 
species. The U.S. National Museum has two specimens of Odostomda 
(Odetta) lirata A. Adams, from the author, which are much smaller, 
more slender, more oval, and less prominently sculptured than the 
present species. 


ODOSTOMIA (ODETTA) CIRCINATA A. Adams. 
Plate X XIII, fig. 6. 
Oscilla circinata A. Apams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 311. 


Shell elongate-oval, subdiaphanous. Nuclear whorls small, almost 
completely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl, only the rounded 
two-thirds of the last volution are visible, and those indicate that the 
axis of the nuclear turns must be at a right angle to the axis of the 
later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls moderately well rounded, the last 
one somewhat inflated, shouldered, marked by strong, broadly rounded, 
subequal and subequally spaced spiral keels, which are separated by 
deep, rounded sulci, which are about as wide as the keels. The sulci 
are crossed by extremely fine and very closely spaced axial raised 
threads which pass up on the sides of the spiral keels, but do not cross 


their summits. The second and third whorls bave three keels between 


the sutures. On the third the posterior keel at the summit of the 
whorl, which is a little wider than the other two, shows a spiral stri- 
ation on its middle. This grows gradually stronger as the shell 
advances, until on the penultimate whorl it has divided this keel into 
two, the posterior one of which is a little less developed than the ante- 
rior one, which resembles the other between the sutures. The summit 
of the last whorl falls considerably below the periphery, showing five 
spiral keels between the sutures on the penultimate whorl. Periphery 
of the last whorl sulcate, sulcus like the rest and similarly sculptured. 


360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vot. Xxx 


Base w rell tocmdeds somewhat attenuated anteriorly, sculptured like 
the spaces between the sutures, having seven spiral keels; these keels 
diminish somewhat in size from the periphery to the umbilical area. 
Aperture subovate, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, wavy, show- 
ing the external sculpture within, columella decidedly curved, reen- 
forced anteriorly by the attenuated base, provided with a very strong, 
acute, oblique fold near its insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin 
callus. 

There are two specimens of this species in the Petel collection. ‘The 
one described and figured has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 2.1mm.; diam.1mm._ This species closely resembles Odostomia 
(Fvalea) lirata A. Adams. It is, however, more compact than that 
species and has two more spiral keels on the base. QO. (£’.) (7rata is not 
an Evalea, but belongs to the subgenus Odefta; the name should read 
Odostomia ( Odetta) lirata A. Adams. 

ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) SITKAENSIS Clessin. 
Plate XVII, fig. 8. 
Odostomia sitkaensis CLEssIN, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d Ed., Pyramid., 1900, 
p: 121; pl ixxx hg. i: 

Shell elongate-conic, very regular in outline, yellowish white, 
shining. Nuclear whorls almost completely | in the first of 
the succeeding volution. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, 
rather high between the sutures, slightly shouldered at the summits, 
marked by many fine lines of growth and numerous fine wavy spiral 
striations; the latter are more regularly developed and distributed 
than the lines of growth. (Our figure does not show the spiral mark- 
ings.) The periphery of the last whorl marks the greatest diameter of 
the shell. The base, though rather long, falls off rather abruptly at 
the periphery, then tapers gradually to the anterior end of the colu- 
mella; it is marked like the spaces between the sutures. Aperture 
large, oval; posterior angle acute, outer lip decidedly curved, almost 
patulous, thin; columella long, slender, gently curved, and some- 
what reflected, provided with a moderately strong, oblique fold near 
its insertion. Parietal wall without callus. 

The Berlin collection contains two specimens of this species—No. 
26232, which were collected by F. Schmidt, at Sitka, Alaska. We 
have described and figured the most perfect of the two, which we con- 
sider Clessin’s type. This specimen measures: long. 4 mm.; diam. 2 
mm. Clessin’s figure is worthless, as usual. 


3 
F 


No. 1452 NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLID#—DALL AND BARTSCH. 361 


ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) CULTA, new species. 
Plate X XVI, fig. 9. 


Shell regularly conic, umbilicated, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls 
apparently planorboid, very obliquely, almost completely, immersed in 
the first of the later whorls, only a portion of the last volution being 
visible. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, slightly 
rounded (almost flattened), and subtabulately shouldered at the sum- 
mits, marked by fine lines of growth and very many subequal, wavy, 
closely spaced striations. (These have not been indicated in our draw- 
ing.) The whorls are somewhat angulated at the periphery and the 
summit of succeeding whorls falls a little anterior to the periphery, 
which gives the suturesa decidedly channeled effect. Base of the last 
whorl large, rather prolonged, well rounded, marked by spiral stria- 
tions which are equally as abundant as those between the sutures but 
somewhat stronger. Aperture moderately large, suboval, somewhat 
effuse anteriorly, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin (fractured), 
columella slender, curved, reflected partly over the moderately large 
umbilicus, provided with a strong, acute, oblique fold near its insertion; 
parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

The type was collected at Hakodate, Japan, by Hilgendorf. It has 
six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 4 mm.; diam. 1.8 mm. 

This is a moderately large species characterized by its spiral stria- 
tions, regular conic outline, and the constricted appearance of the 
whorls at the channeled sutures. It is evidently related to Odostomia 
(Lvalea) arcuata A. Adams. 


ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) MARTENSI, new name. 


Plate X XV, fig. 5. 
Odostomia curta CLEsstx, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 1900, p. 116, pl. xxvimt, fig. 3. 
Not Odostomia curtum Desnayes, An. Sans. Vert. Paris Basin, 1864, p. 551, 
pl. ix, figs. 9-11. 

Shell ovoid, heavy, yellowish white, nuclear whorls small, almost 
completely-immersed in the first of the succeeding yolutions. Post- 
nuclear whorls increasing regularly and rapidly in size, inflated, sub- 
tabulately shouldered at the summit, marked by numerous fine lines 
of growth and equally abundant, closely placed, wavy, spiral striations. 
These lines of growth and spiral markings give the surface a finely 
reticulated appearance when viewed under high magnification. (We 
have omitted this sculpture in our drawing, which should be considered 
as an outline sketch only.) Periphery and base of the last whorl 
decidedly rounded and inflated, marked like the space between the 
sutures. Aperturelarge, suboval, slightly effuse anteriorly, posterior 
angle acute; outer lip sharp at the edge but thick within; columella 
very strong, curved, reenforced by the body whorl from which the 


q : 


362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


slightly reflected edge is separated only by a narrow line. A strong 
oblique fold, not completely visible when the aperture is viewed 
squarely, is located a little anterior to the insertion of the columella. 

The type has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: long. 5.3 mm. ; 
diam. 3.1 mm. Clessin gives the diam. as 1.3, evidently a transposi- 
tion. He also cites the registration No. as 36336, while it should be 
36335. His figure almost represents this species. The type comes 
from Killisnoo, Alaska, not Japan. 


ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) KRAUSEI Clessin. 
Plate XXIII, fig. 2. 


Odostomia krausei, CLesstx, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyramid., 1900, 
p. 115, pl. xxvut, fig. 1. 

Shell elongate-conic, thick and heavy, rough through erosion, yel- 
lowish white. Nuclear whorls decollated in the type (judging from 
the pit in the apex they are probably deeply, obliquely immersed). 
Post-nuclear whorls only moderately rounded, somewhat shouldered at 
the summit (surface decidedly eroded). Periphery and base of the last 
whorl well rounded, the latter with a minute umbilical chink. Aper- 
ture auricular, somewhat effuse anteriorly, posterior angle scarcely 
acute; outer lip very thick; columella thick, reflexed, with a broad, 
strong, oblique fold, a little anterior to its insertion; parietal wall 
covered by a thick callus. 

The type has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: long, 9.9 mm. ; 
diam. 5 mm. It was collected by Krause at Killisnoo, which is in 
Alaska and not in Japan as stated by Clessin. The registration num 
ber of his type in the Berlin Museum is also wrong; the specimen 
described and figured by him is 36335 and not 36336 «ss given in his 
account of the species. 

The U. S. National Museum has two lots, one specimen, 159454, 
from Killisnoo, collected by Krause, and another, No. 159471, from 
Kadiak. They are both much eroded and can furnish no additional 
data to our text. 

Clessin’s figure cited above, will not enable any one to recognize 
this form. 


ODOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) DESIMANA, new name. 
Plate XXV, fig. 3. Plate XX V1, fies? 
Odostomia lactea Dunwer, Mal. Blitt., VI, 1860, p. 234; also Moll. Jap., 1861, 


q 


i 


p. 17, pl. x1, fig. 4, not Odostomia lactea J. G. Jerrreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. 7 


Hist., I], 1848, p. 348 (=Turbonilla lactea Lixnxus), nor Odostomia lactea 

ANGAS, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 112, pl. xi. 
Shell regularly elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, 
obliquely almost completely immersed in the first of the succeeding 
whorls, only the periphery of the last two being visible. Post-nuclear 


G 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. 368 


whorls rather high between the sutures, very slightly rounded, slightly 
angulated at. the periphery and scarcely at all shouldered, marked by 
scarcely perceptible lines of growth, and here and there by a faint 
trace of some very fine microscopic spiral lines. The summit of suc- 
ceeding whorls falls somewhat anterior to the periphery of the pre- 
ceding turns, which gives a slightly constricted appearance at the well- 
impressed suture. Periphery of the last whorl faintly angulated; 
base large, well rounded, narrowly umbilicated and somewhat effuse 
at the junction of the lip and columella, posterior angle acute, outer 
lip (fractured), thin, columella long, slender, almost straight, some- 
what revolute, bearing a strong oblique fold near its insertion; parietal 
wall covered by a thin callus. 

The specimen described is Dunker’s type which comes from Desima, 
Japan. It is not quite mature, having seven and one-half post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: long. 5.3 mm.; diam. 2.2mm. The Dunker col- 
lection contains an additional specimen from Nagasaki, Japan, of 
which we also give a figure. This is adult. It has nine post-nuclear 
whorls and measures: long. 6.7 mm.; diam. 2.8 mm. The chief differ- 
ence between this and the young shell lies in the aperture, the outer 
lip in this case being rather patulous. The Peetel collection has one 
specimen from Nagasaki, Japan. 


ODOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) MAURITIANA, new species. 
Plate XX VI, fig. 6. 


Shell small, umbilicated, elongate-ovate conic, semitransparent, pol- 
ished. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, moderately large, helicoid, 
elevated, about one-fifth immersed in the first of the succeeding whorls 
and having their axis at a right angle to them. Post-nuclear whorls 
flattened, angulated at the periphery and weakly shouldered at the 
summit; the latter falls somewhat anterior to the periphery of the pre- 
ceding whorl and lends to it a somewhat constricted appearance at 
the well-impressed suture. The whorlsare marked by extremely fine, 
closely placed, wavy spiral striations, which are visible only under 
very high magnification. Periphery of the last whorl somewhat angu- 
lated. Base very broad, gently rounded, somewhat pinched at the nar- 
row umbilicus. Aperture elongate-ovate, somewhat prolonged at the 
junction of the outer lip and columella; posterior angle acute, outer lip 
thin, somewhat effuse, columella slender, decidedly curved, slightly 
revolute, provided with a prominent oblique fold at its insertion; 
parietal wall covered by a strong callus which lends the peritreme an 
almost continuous appearance. 

The specimen described and figured belongs to the Peetel collection 
and comes from Mauritius. It has five post-nuclear whorls and meas- 
ures: long. 2.1 mm.; diam. 1.1 mm. 


364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 88%. 


OLOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) HILGENDORFI Clessin. 
Plate XXIV, fig. 5. 


Odostomia hilgendorfi CLessin, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyramid., 1900, 
p. 119, pl. xxvin, fig. 5. ie 


Shell broadly elongate-conic, very regularly tapering, subturrited, 
milk-white. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, small, helicoid, well 
rounded, moderately elevated, about one-third immersed in the first of 
the later whorls, having their axis almost at a right angle to them. 
Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures, flattened, sub- — 
tabulately shouldered at the summits and decidedly angulated at the — f 
periphery, marked by lines of growth and extremely fine, microscopic, — i | 
closely placed, wavy, spiral striations. The shouldered summits of | 
succeeding whorls fall quite a little anterior to the angulated periph- — 
ery, giving the whorls a decidedly constricted appearance at the 
sutures, which appears decidedly channeled. Periphery of the last — 
whorl decidedly angulated. Base slightly rounded, marked like the 
spaces between the sutures. -Aperture suboval, posterior angle obtuse 
(outer lip fractured), thick; columella strong, curved, provided with — 
a prominent lamellar plate at its insertion; parietal wall covered by a | 
moderately thick callus. 

The specimen described is Clessin’s type and was collected by Hil- 
gendorf at Hakodate. It has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: 
long. 5 mm.; diam. 2.4mm. There is a possibility that this may be 
one of A. Adams’s species of Odostomia. The description of Odosto- 
mia subangulata A. Adams reads not unlike this, but absence of meas- 
urements, etc., make it impossible to be certain. Clessin’s figures, as 
usual, fail to delineate the characters of this form. No trace of the 
peripheral angulations is shown. 


a oor ree 


ODOSTOMIA (ODOSTOMIA) LIMPIDA, new species. 


Plate XXVI, fig. 7. 


a to ts ati ctl i GNI A aly ae segregate yam nl 


Shell slender, elongate-conic, semitranslucent, shining. Nuclear 
whorls moderately large, almost completely obliquely immefsed in the 
first of the succeeding whorls; the peripheral edge only of the last 
volution is visible above this. Post-nuclear whorls rather high 
between the sutures, slightly rounded (almost flattened), faintly 
shouldered at the summit, apparently without axial or spiral sculp-— 
ture. The whorls are feebly angulated at the periphery, and the sum- 
mits of succeeding turns fall a little anterior to it, which renders the 
sutures well impressed. Base of the last whorl large, rounded, very — 
narrowly umbilicated. Aperture large, subovate, somewhat produced 
at the junction of the outer lip and columella, posterior angle acute, 
outer lip thin; columella slender, decidedly curved and somewhat 


C8 RGR 2 6 CO 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 865 


Ponotntce provided with” a 1 prominent lamellar fold aut its insertion; 
parietal wall covered by a thin callus. 

The type belongs to the Pretel collection and is from Japan. It 
has ‘six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Long., 3.6 mm.; diam., 
1.5mm. It was labeled Amathis pellucida A. Adams. This appears 
to be a nomen nudum, as the only reference” to that we have been able 
to find gives the following statement: Amathis pellucida A. Adams= 
Menestho pellucida A. Adams.’ It is very probable that the part of 
the manuscript relating to the species was omitted. It is not Voluta 
(= Odostomia) pellucida Dillwyn.° 

A badly worn shell, perhaps an Odostomia s. s., very elongate and | 
umbilicate, bears the name Amathis concinna A. Adams, and comes 
from Japan. Amathis concinna appears to be a nomen nudum for the 
reasons cited under Odostoi/a (Odostomia) limpida. 


ODOSTOMIA (HEIDA) PANAMENSIS Clessin, 
Plate XX VI, fig. 4 


Odostomia panamensis CLEssin, Mart. Chem. Conch. Cab., 2d ed., Pyramid. 1900, 
Del202- pls xcxvinrs tion 9: 

Shell small, heavy, elongate-ovate, whorls increasing regularly in 
size, milk white, shining. Nuclear whorls small, almost completely 
obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding volutions. Post- 
nuclear whorls moderately and evenly rounded, of porcellanous tex- 
ture, without any apparent marking, separated by well marked sutures. 
Periphery of the last whorl full and rounded. Base inflated, well 
rounded. Aperture small, decidedly rissoid, almost channeled ante- 
riorly, posterior angle acute; outer lip decidedly curved backward 
anteriorly, very thick within but beveled to form a sharp edge; colu- 
mella extremely short, somewhat reflected and connected posteriorly 
with the very strong parietal callus, which is fully as thick as the 
edge of the outer lip and connects with it at the posterior angle of 
the aperture, thus forming a complete peristome. A prominent 
oblique fold is present on and a little anterior to the insertion of the 
columella. 

There are two specimens of this species in the Berlin collection from 
Panama. We have considered the best preserved individuals, which 
evidently served Clessin for his description and figure as his type, and 
have here rediagnosed and figured it. It has six post-nuclear whorls 
|;and measures: Long., 3.1 mm.; diam., 1.5 mm. 

Clessin for some Secu enic reason changed the characters of the 
aperture in the above-cited figure to fmnonie with the typical 
Odostomia aperture. He seems to have failed entirely in recognizing 
|| the Does o the present Speck 


#Ann, Mag. Nat, eee VIII, 1861, p. 304. eer Mag. Nat. Hie. 1860, 
cCat. I, 1817, p. 508, 


ic 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ VOL. XXX. 


O. (Heida) panamensis Clessin represents the first member of this 
subgenus on the west coast of America; several additional species 
inhabit the southeast coast. 

GEOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
AFRICA. 


Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) secura, new name. 
Odostomia ( Odostomia) mauritiana, new species. 


AMERICA. 
ATLANTIC Coast. 
West Indies. 


Pyramidella ( Triptychus) niveus Morch. 
Odostomia ( Miralda) jamaicensis Clessin. 


Mexico. 
Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) crenulata Menke. 
Paciric Coast. 
Alaska. 


Odostomia (Evalea) sitkaensis Clessin. 
Odostomia (Amaura) martensi, new name. 
Odostomia (Amaura) krausei Clessin. 


Mexico. 


Pyramidella ( Longcheus) bicolor Menke. 
Pyramidella ( Pharcidella) hastata A. Adams. 
Pyramidella (Pharcidella) moffati, new name. 


Panama. 


Odostomia ( Heida) panamensis Clessin. 


AUSTRALIA. 
Pyramidella (Tiberia) pusilla jacksonensis, new subspecies. 
CHINA. 
Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunnea A. Adams. 
HAWAII. 
Pyramidella ( Cossmannica) aciculata A. Adams. 
JAPAN. 


Pyramidella ( Tiberia) pulchella A. Adams. 
Pyramidella ( Tiberia) japonica, new species. 
Pyramidella ( Tiberia) pusilla A. Adams. 
Pyramidella ( Tiberia) trifasciata A. Adams. 
Pyramidella ( Tiberia) dunkeri, new name. 
Pyramidella | Actropyramis) eximia Lischke. 
Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) fulva A. Adams. 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLID.E—DALL AND BARTSCH. 


Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) casta A. Avene. 
Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) lauta A, Adams. 
Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) amoena A. Adams. 
Pyramidella (Actwxopyramis) punctigera A. Adams. 
Pyranidella (Acteopyramis) digitalis, new species. 
Pyramidella (Styloptygma) serotina A. Adams. 
Pyramidella (Syrnola) cinnamomea A, Adams. 
Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunnea A, Adams. 
Pyramidella (Iphiana) lischkei, new species. 
Pyramidella (Iphiana) tenuisculpta Lischke. 
Pyramidella (Agatha) virgo A. Adams. 
Turbonilla ( Chemnitzia) abseida, new species. 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) dunkeri Clessin. 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) approximata, new species. 
Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) multigyrata Dunker. 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) acosmia, new species 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) actopora, new species. 
Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) infantula, new species. 
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) monocycla A. Adams. 
Turbonilla ( Pyrgisculus) candidissima, new name. 
Turbonilla ( Pyrgiscus) mumia A. Adams. 

Turbonilla (Cingulina) cingulata Dunker. 

Turbonilla (Cingulina) cingulata laticingula, new subspecies. 
Turbonilla (Mormula) aulica, new name. 

Turbonilla (Mormula) philippiana Dunker. 

Turbonilla (Laneella) bella, new species. 

Turbonilla ( Babella) cxlatior, new name. 

Odostomia ( Trabecula) tantilla A. Adams. 

Odostomia ( Parthenina) meta, new species. 

Odostomia (Chrysallida) duaw, new species. 

Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) lecta, new species. 

Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) alveata A. Adams. 

Odostomia ( Egilina) mariella A. Adams. 


( 
Odostomia ( Miralda) diadema A. Adams. 
Odostomia ae gemma A, Adams. 
Odostomia ( Miralda), species? 
Odostomia ( Menestho) exaratissina, new species. 


Odostomia ( Odetta) circinata A. Adams. 
Odostomia (Odetta) lirata A. Adams. 
Odostomia ( Odetta) felix, new species. 
Odostomia ( Odetta) lectissima, new species. 
Odostomia ( Evalea) culta, new species. 
Odostomia ( Odostomia) hilgendorfi Clessin. 
Odostomia ( Odostomia) limpida, new species. 
Odostomia ( Odostomia) desimana, new species. 
Odostomia ( Odostomia), species? 


SOUTH SEA ISLANDS. 


Pyramidella (Cossmannica) aciculata A. Adams. 

Turbonilla ( Nisiturris) crystallina, new species. 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) garretliana, new name. 

Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) @manda Garrett. 

Odostomia { Pyrgulina) densecostata Garrett. 

Odostomia (Pyrgulina\ densecostata upoluensis, new subspecies. 


367 


368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


2XPLANATION OF PLATES. 
The measurements cited after the name refer to the axial length of the specimen. 
Puate XVII. 


Fic. 1. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) mumia A. Adams; 3.5 mm.; p. 343. 
2. Idostomia (Miralda) diadema A. Adams; 2.38 mm.; p. 306. 
3. Turbonilla (Pyrgisculus) candidissima, new name; 6.7 mm.; p. 342. 
4. Odostomia (Chrysallida) dux, new species; type; 1.8 mm.; p. 350. . 
5. Pyramidella (Styloptygma) serotina A. Adams; 3 mm.; p. 334. 
6. Odostomia (Miralda ?) jamaicensis Clessin; type; 2.1 mm.; p. 359. 
7. Turbonilla (Nisiturris) crystallina, new species; type; 4.6 mm.; p. 341. 
8. Odostomia (Hvalea) sitkaensis Clessin; type; 4 mm.; p. 360. 
9. Turbonilla (Babella) celatior, new name; 4.4 mm.; p. 347. 


wi 


Pirate XVII. 


Fig.-1. Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) densecostata upoluensis, new subspecies; type; 3.7 mm.; 
p. 351. 

2. Pyramidelia (Agatha) virgo A. Adams; 13.7 mm.; p. 335. 

3. Odostomia (Pyrgulina) amanda Garrett; type; 38 mm.; p. 353. 

4. Odostomia ( Pyrgulina) densecostata Garrett; type: 4mm.; p. 350. 

5. Turbonilla (Mormula) philippiana Dunker; 5.3 mm.; p. 345. 


PLATE XIX. 


Fig. 1. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) amena A. Adams; 7 mm.; p. 330. 
2. Pyramidella ( Acteopyramis) punctigera A. Adams; 5.4 mm.; p. 331. 
3. Odostomia (Menestho) exaratissima, new name; 4.8 mm.; p. 357. 
4. Pyramidella ( Actxopyramis) casta A, Adams; 11.3 mm.; p. 329. 
5. Pyramidella ( Actxopyramis) lauta A. Adams; 7 mm.; p. 329. 
6. Pyramidella ( Actxopyramis) digitalis, new species; type; 2.2 mm.; p. 331. 
7. Odostomia ( Menestho) exaratissima, new name; 4.2 mm.; p. 357. 


PLATE XX: 


Fie. 1. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) approrimata, new species; type; 8.2 mm.; p. 337. 
2. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) infantula, new species; type; 2.1 mm.; p. 338. 
3. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) dunkeri Clessin; type; 6.2 mm.; p. 336. 
4. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) multigyrata Danker; type; 11.5 mm.; p. 335. 
5. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) acosmia, new species; type; 8.4 mm.; p. 339. 


6. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) actopora, new species; type; 6.8 mm.; p. 338. 
Prats XXI. 


Fie. 1. Turbonilla ( Cingulina) cingulata Dunker; type; 7.4 mm.; p. 344. 

2. Odostomia ( Odetta) felix, new species; type; 2.6 mm.; p. 358. 

3. Turbonilla (Cingulina) cingulata laticingula, new subspecies; type; 4 mm.;_ 
p. d44. 

4. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) abseida, new species; type; 8.4 mm.; p. 337. 

5. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) garrettiana, new name; type; 7.4 mm.; p. 339. 

5. Turhonilla ( Chemnitzia) crenulata Menke; type; 8.6 MM<;p: 340. 


No. 1452. NOTES ON PYRAMIDELLIDE—DALL AND BARTSCH. 369 
PraATE XXII. 
Fia. 1. Odostomia (Miralda) gemma A. Adams; 3.2 mm.; p. 356. 
2. Odostomia (Pyrgulina) lecta, new species; type; 3.4 mm.; p. 352. 
3. Odostomia ( Trabecula) tantilla A. Adams; 2.6 mm.; p. 348. 
4. Odvstomia (Kgilina) mariella A. Adams; 1.8 mm.; p. 354. 
5. Odostomia (Pyrgulina) alveata A. Adams; 2 mm.; p. 351. 
6. Turbonilla (Lancella) bella, new species; type; 7.5 mm.; p. 346. 
7. Turbonilla (Mormula) aulica, new name; type; 9.6 mm.; p. 345. 
8. 4 .rbonilla (Strioturbonilla) monocycla A. Adams; 4.3 mm.; p. 342. 
Puate XXIII. 
Fic. 1. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) eximia Lischke; cotype?; 18.1 mm.; p. 327. 
2. Odostomia (Amaura) krausei Clessin; type; 9.9 mm.; p. 362. 
3. Odostomia ( Odetta) lectissima, new species; type; 1.7 mm.; p. 358. 
4. Pyramidella (Actxopyramis) fulvua A. Adams; 20.3 mm.; p. 328. 
5. Odostomia (Parthenina) meta, new species; type; 2.1 mm.; p. 349. 
6. Odostomia ( Odetta) circinata A. Adams; 2.1 mm.; p. 359. 
PLATE XXIV. 
Fig. 1. Pyramidella (Cossmannica) aciculata A. Adams; 14.2 mm.; p. 326. 
2. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) japonica, new species; type; 6.1 mm.; p. 324. 
3. Turbonilla (Nisiturris) crystallina, new species, nucleus much enlarged; p. 341. 
4. Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunnea A. Adams; 17.6 mm.; p. 332. 
5. Odostomia (Odostomia) hilgendorfi Clessin; type; 5 mm.; p. 364. 
6. Pyramidella (Tiberia) pusilla A. Adams; 6.4 mm.; p. 324. 
7. Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunnea A. Adams; a portion much enlarged to show 
spiral sculpture; p. 332. 
8. Pyramidella (Cossmannica) aciculata A. Adams; a portion much enlarged to 
show spiral sculpture; p. 326. 
PrarE XXV. 
Fia.1. Pyramidella (Iphiana) lischkei, new species; type; 4.6 mm.; p. 333. 
2. Pyramidella (Tiberia) dunkeri, new name; type; 5 mm.; p. 326. 
3. Odostomia ( Odostomia) desimana, new name; 6.7 mm.; p. 362. 
4. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) pule hella A. Adams; 12.2 mm.; p. 323. 
5. Odostomia (Amaura) martensi, new name; type; 5.8 mm.; p. 361. 
6. Pyramidella ( Tiberia) trifasciata A. Adams; 6 mm.; p. 325. 
Pirate X XVI. 
“1a. 1. Pyramidella (Syrnola) cinnamomea A. Adams; 4.2 mm.; p. 332. 
2. Odostomia (Odostomia) desimana, new name; type; 5.8 mm.; p. 362. 
3. Pyramidella (Iphiana) tenwisculpta Lischke; 10.4 mm.; p. 334. 
4. Odostomia (Heida) panamensis Clessin; type; 3.1 mm.; p. 365. 
5. Pyramidella (Iphiana) tenuisculpta Lischke; a portion el enlarged to show 
spiral sculpture; p. 354. 
6. Odostomia ( Odostomia) mauritiana, new species; fede 2.1 mm.; p. 363. 
7. Odostomia (Odostomia) limpida, new species; type; 3.6 mm.; p. 364. 
8. Pyramidella (Liberia) pusilla jacksonensis, new subspecies; type; 6.1 mm.; 
p- 325. 
9. Odostomia ( Evalea) culta, new species; type; 4 mm.; p. 361. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——24 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XVII 


MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 368. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XVIII 


aE 


MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 368. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XIX 


MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 368. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXiI 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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‘Came wana k bea) 


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MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA./ 
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 368. 


XXII 


VOL. XXX PL. 


PROCEEDINGS, 
ILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXIII 


MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA., 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 369. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL, XXIV 


MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 369, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. Xxv 


MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 369. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. Xxx PL. XXVI 


8 


MOLLUSKS OF THE FAMILY PYRAMIDELLIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 369. 


NOTES ON SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS OF THE 
SUBFAMILY ACRIDINE (ACRIDIDZ), WITH DESCRIP. 
TIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. 


By James A. G. Renn, 


Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 


The following records and descriptions are based on a portion of a 
rather large series of South and Central American Acridinz recently 
studied by the author, the remainder of the material being considered 
in another paper.¢ 

I wish to thank the officials of the U. § 


- National Museum for the 
privilege of examining this very 


interesting and valuable series, 


AMBILYTROPIDIA Stal. 
AMBLYTROPIDIA CHAPADENSIS, new species. 


_ Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. 
ber. (H. H. Smith.) [Cat. No. 9481, U.S.N.M.] 
Belonging to the group containing A. trinitatis and elongata Bruner 
and auriventris McNeill. From elongata it can readily be separated by 
the heavier form, broader fastigium, more robust caudal limbs, and 
Weaker carination. From ¢rinitatis it ¢ 
enderer head, with much le 


Novem- 


an be distinguished by the 
ss prominent eyes and the shorter and 
ore robust caudal femora. From aupiventris it can be separated by 
same characters that distinguish it from tin itatis, and in colora- 
on it appears to be about intermediate between the two. Its closest 
lationship seems to be with auriventris, the head of that species 
s more compressed, and in that respect closer to chapadensis. The 
width of the head and prominence of the eyes form a good inde 
e relationship of the species of this small group of the genus, elongata 
esenting one extreme and ¢rinitatis the other, chapadensis and 
wentris being interpolated between the two in the order named. 
‘Size medium (for the genus); form moderately elongate; surface 
euloso-punctate except the pronotum which is eribriform punctate. 


x to 


. =e x : 
“ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL, XXX—No. 


371 
. 


Bd be: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Head with the occiput distinctly arched laterad and with a very slight 
longitudinal curve; fastigium about equal in width to the narrowest 
space between the eyes, produced cephalad of the cephalic corner of 
the eyes, a distance somewhat less than the proximal width, distal 
portion regularly produced with the apex rather bluntly rounded, 
lateral margins and median longitudinal carina distinct, the latter 
extending to and over the occiput; lateral foveole not distinctly 
marked: face very distinctly retreating, the angle greater in the male 
than in the female; frontal costa with the margins subparallel and in 
a weakened state reaching the clypeus, the intermarginal portion 
impresso-punctate, but not suleate; eyes subovoid, more elongate in 
the male than in the female and twice the length of the infra-ocular 
sulcus instead of about half again as in the female; antennx moderately 
depressed proximad, not expanded, in the male distinctly exceed- 
ing the head and pronotum in length. Pronotum distinctly depla- 
nate dorsad, greatest width about one and two-thirds in the length; 
cephalic margin arcuate, caudal margin distinctly, though obtusely, 
angulate in both sexes, the margins laterad of the angle being slightly 
emarginate, lateral angles of the disk distinctly carinate, parallel to 
the first transverse sulcus and very slightly divergent caudad; median 
‘avina stronger in the male than in the female, deeply severed by the 
last transverse sulcus, metazona slightly longer than the prozona; 
lateral lobes about as deep as the greatest dorsal length of the same. 
Interspace between the mesosternal lobes quadrate in the male, very 
slightly longitudinal in the female; metasternal lobes contiguous caudad 
in the male, separated by a narrow space in the female. Tegmina 
reaching to the tips of the caudal femora, bearing a slightly rounded 
costal expansion at the proximal fourth; no distinct intercalary vein 
present. Cerci rather heavy, short, acute, not exceeding the supra- 
anal plate; subgenital plate compressed, the apex carinate dorsad. 
Caudal femora moderately robust, the dorsal outline distad with a 
coneayity not so distinct on the ventral side, and more apparent in 
the female than in the male; pagina with the sculpturing distinct and 
regular; caudal tibiz bearing eleven (female) or twelve (male) spines 
on the lateral margins. 

General colors russet and vandyke brown mingled and stippled one 
over the other, the lateral lobes of the pronotum and the pleura darker 
in the male than in the female, several dark elongate erescentic lines 
being also present on the occiput of the male; eyes clear russet in the 
female, speckled with darker in the male. Tegmina very dark, the 
vandyke brown tone predominating. Caudal femora of the female 
tawny olive; the pagina with a touch of olive; caudal tibiee and- 
tarsi very dull purple, the spines tipped with black. Abdomen of 
the male washed with orange-vermilion. Caudal femora of the male 
washed ventrad with orange-vermilion, the pagina burnt umber, the 


~ CT EE TEREST 


((H. H. Smith.) [D.S.N.M.] Two males, three females. 


) 


No. 1453. SOUTH AMERIC ‘AN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 


Male. Female. 


mm... | mm. 
Leia S [Na OR WOKS een sean Mee eee 20, 2 28.8 
MeceeMoOMpronotumsss joes ls een nal ee 3.9 6.0 
eng ihrorereomeni sees bl enh tr hl 15.7 22.0 
Length of caudal femur ..:.....-.1... 1). 12.0 17.0 |® 


A single specimen has been examined in addition to the types, a 
female from Sapucay, Paraguay’ belonging to the Hebard collection. 
It is somewhat larger than the female type (length of body 34 mm.) 
but does not appear separable. The caudal angle of the pronotum 
is broader and more obtuse than in the type, and the metasternal lobes 
approximate closer caudad than in the typical specimen. The general 
color is brown, practically uniform all over, the tegmina being, how- 
ever, somewhat lighter. 


ORPHULELLA Stal. 
ORPHULELLA GRACILIS Giglio-Tos. 

Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April. (H. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M. ] 
Two males. 

Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil, highland. March. (H. H. Smith. ) 
[U.S.N.M.] Three females. 

These specimens are typical of this rather doubtful form, which 
possibly is only an extreme type of the following species, with sub- 
obsolete lateral carinz. Giglio-Tos on reexamination decided it to be 
inseparable, but with a good series of punctata in hand it appears to 
be recognizable. 

The original description says, regarding the caudal tibiwe, “‘ undique 
spinis 9,” while the material examined shows that nine is the normal 
number for the external series, but the internal series numbers eleven. 


ORPHULELLA PUNCTATA De Geer. 
St. Thomas, West Indies. December, 1889. (A. Koebele.) [U.S.N.M.] 
One male. 
Bonito, Pernambuco Province, Brazil. January and F ebruary, 
1883. (A. Koebele.) Several specimens labeled ‘* Collected on cot- 
ton.” [U.S.N.M.] Two adult males, four females, three nymphs. 


Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April, August, and September. 


“This coloration is also found inthe female, but not to the extent it is in the male. 


> March 15, 1905; Foster, No. 102. 


874 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Corumbaé, Matto Grosso, Brazil. (H. H. Smith.) [U.5.N.M.] 
Four males, one female. > 

These specimens exhibit considerable variation in structure and in 
color, as is found in any series of the species. Several of the Corumba 
individuals appear to be close to gracilis, being slenderer than usual, 
but the lateral carinee are not partially obsolete as in that form. As 
stated above, it is possible that gracilis may be only an extreme form 


of this species. 

The specimens from Pernambuco are duller and more uniform than 
the other individuals, but this is probably due to alcoholic collecting. 
The Chapada series is more variegated and richly colored than any of 
the other specimens. The individual from St. Thomas is quite small 
and rather robust, but does not appear separable when compared with 
a large series of this species. 


CGOCY TOTES? TEX Rehan 


1900. Fenestra Bruner (not of Giglio-Tos, 1895), Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., 
pp. 22, 30. 
1906. Cocytotettic Ren, Proc.-Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906. 
COCYTOTETTIX LINEARIS, new species. 


Types. —Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Septem- 
ber. (H. H. Smith.) [Cat. No. 8300, U.S.N.M.] 
Apparently. allied to C. argentina (Bruner), but differing in the 
longer, slenderer tegmina, the slenderer caudal femora, the lack of 
ereen on the costal margin of the tegmen and of cinnabar red on the 
base of the wings. 
No close relationship exists with the other two species of the genus— 
CO. pulchripennis (Bruner) and intermedius (Bruner)—as they both have 
the tegmina considerably expanded in the male and the wings strongly 
vermilion or rose-red proximad. 
Size medium: form slender; surface slightly rugulose. Head 
slightly longer than the pronotum, moderately produced in the female, 
considerably produced in the male, the dorsum when viewed laterad 
quite flat; fastigium with its greatest width but slightly greater than — 
the interspace between the eyes, the extension beyond the eyes being — 
slightly less than the greatest width, the distal angle acute with the 
immediate apex blunt, lateral margins elevated and distinct, as is also 
the median longitudinal carina, which, ina much weaker form, extends 
cxudad over the occiput; face strongly retreating in the male, consid- | 
erably in the female; lateral foveolx not distinct, ventrad; frontal costa 
with the lateral margins parallel ventrad, constricted toward the fas- 
tigium, the costa excavated but not sulcate, a trace of a median ridge | 
present dorsad; eyes rather elongate ovoid, about twice the length of © 


a Ace. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p.31. [Carcarafia, Santa Fé, Argentina.] 


4) 


No, 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. A) 


the infra-ocular sulcus in both sexes; antenne about as long as 
(male) or distinctly shorter (female) than the head and pronotum 
together, distinctly but not strongly ensiform, more marked in the 
female than in the male, apex acute. Pronotum moderately deplanate 
dorsad, the greatest width contained about once and a half in the length 
in both sexes; cephalic margin subtruncate, caudal obtuse-angulate, 
rather rounded in the male, lateral margins carinate, subparallel; 
metazona very slightly shorter than the prozona in the male, distinctly, 
though not greatly so, in the female; median carina very distinct, cut 
only by the principal sulcus; lateral lobes subquadrate, the greatest 
dorsal length slightly greater than the depth, ventral angles rectangu- 
late. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes slightly longitudinal 
in the male, very distinctly longitudinal in the female; metasternal 
lobes contiguous caudad in the male, subcontiguous in the female. 
Tegmina slender, elongate, exceeding the abdomen considerably and 
the tips of the caudal femora slightly in both sexes, apex rounded; a 
broken irregular intercalary vein, more distinct distad and evanescent 
proximad present in both sexes. Cerci styliform, rather robust, some- 
what exceeding the supra-anal plate; subgenital plate produced into a 
compressed process with an acute apex. Caudal femora slender, mod- 
erately inflated in the proximal half; caudal tibize bearing eleven or 
twelve spines on the lateral margins. 

General color mars brown dorsad, wood brown ventrad; spines of 
the caudal tibize with blackish tips. The female bears distinct seal 
brown lines extending from the vertex to the caudal margin of the 
pronotum mesad of the lateral carine, anda parallel pair from the 
eyes to and over the pleura, where they merge into a single bar. Lat- 
eral carine of the pronotum and a pair of lines on the head, which are 
cephalic continuations of the carinal stripes, ocher yellow; ventro- 
lateral portion of the head and the ventral section of the lateral lobes 
buff. Caudal femora with the dorsal section of the pagina clouded 
with dull blue brown. 


Measurements. 


Male. | Female. 


| mm. mim. 


Meron Om DON yess ess ase lean aceteea ecco st | 20.5 26.3 
Length of pronotum ..-- + 3.5 4.3 
MES VOOM MIME ooo sic Sade hi aee Soon iB) Die? 
LensthioticwudalTeminr..225 2.2 oc feces aoa 13.0 16.0 


Two paratypic females have been examined, one taken in August, 
the other in September. These specimens both represent the uniform 
type of coloration exhibited by the male, the August specimen, how- 
ever, having the ventro-lateral section of the head and the ventral 
portion of the lateral lobes yellowish, while there are traces of the yel- 
lowish lines on the head and pronotum. 


876 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


TOXOPTERUS Bolivar. 
TOXOPTERUS MINIATUS Bolivar. 


Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April, November. (H. H. Smith.) 
[U.S.N.M.] ‘Two males, three females. 

The remarks previously made by the author“ regarding the color 
variations of this species apply to the material examined in this connec- 
tion. One male specimen has distinct parallel black lines on the head 
and flanking the median carina of the pronotum. This phase was also 
noticed in one specimen from Sapucay, Paraguay. The above record 
connects the localities from which the species has been recorded, and 
shows it is apparently of regular occurrence through at least the upper 
Amazonian and Madieran region and that of the Paraguay as far south 
at least as the vicinity of Asuncion. 


STAU ROR ECGingiS Gigiio—ltes- 
KEY TO THE FORMS. 


This key is purely artificial and merely tentative, as two species are only known 
from one sex, one from the male, the other from the female. Until the unknown 
sexes are secured no key based on structural characters can be made. 


A. Caudal femora without or with rather indistinct pregenicular annuli of yellow. 
Size medium or large. Tegmina of male slightly exceeding the abdo- 
men. 

B. Greatest width of the fastigium considerably greater than the length. Caudal 
tibiee of female reddish or purplish. Colors green and brown with 
buff. Form rather robust. 

C. Size large; female ranging from 30 to 38 mm. in length of body. 
longicornis Giglio-Tos. 
CC. Size medium; female ranzing from 28 to 30 mm. in length of body. 
longicornis variegatus, new subspecies. 

BB. Greatest width of fastigium slightly greater than the length. Caudal tibize 
of female glaucous. Colors green and brown without buff. Form 
slender..2c0N i. i ee eee glaucipes Rehn. 

AA. Caudal femora with very pronounced pregenicular annuli of yellow. Size 
small. Tegmina of male much shorter than the abdomen. 

brevipennis, new species. 


STAURORHECTUS LONGICORNIS Giglio-Tos. 


Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil (highland). Mareh. [U.S.N.M.] 
Two males, three females. 

One of the females belongs to the color phase with the dorsum of 
the pronotum uniform smoke brown, while one has the lateral carinz 
of the pronotum more constricted than the others. 

The records of this species now cover from Caiza, Bolivia, and 
Corumba, Brazil, to Cordoba, Argentina. 


4 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1906. 


No. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. SEE 


' STAURORHECTUS LONGICORNIS VARIEGATUS, new subspecies. 


Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April. 
(A. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M., No. 9487.] 

This form is a smaller race of S. dongicornis inhabiting the vicinity 
of Cuyaba, but the extent of its range is not known. Compared with 
Corumba specimens of typical dong7cornds, it shows, in addition to the 
smaller size, a comparatively more robust form and a slightly broader 
eye. The color forms found in the typical race are probably all found 
in this form, two being present in the material examined, types @ and 
c,” the type specimens both belonging to the former. 


Measurements. 


| 
| Male. | Female. 
mm. mm. 
MEMS DLN Ot Oise ete oe 2 «ee eee aces Pai leas) 28.2 
ENA Eh Ot PLOMOPUN oes te ot Soe ces 4.0 5.2 
Wen theO ibe pIMe Ms lessees seis koe on ae aioe 15.5 18.8 
Hheneth ol cendal-femum: 2.2 S225" o-2 55 eo | 14.5 | 18.6 


One male and two females from the type locality have also been 
examined. The months represented are April and May. 


STAURORHECTUS BREVIPENNIS, new species. 


| Type.—Male; Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil (highland). March. 
(G. H. Smith.) [U.5.N.M., No. 9488. ] 

This species differs from the preceding in the smaller size, abbrevi- 
ated tegmina, aborted wings, the more compressed fastigium and 
pronotum, and the shorter subgenital plate. , 

Size small; form moderately slender. Head with the occiput slightly 

-ascending and arched, not exceeding the pronotum in length; fas- 
tigium acute with the apex blunt; in length less than the space be- 
_tween the eyes, moderately excavated; lateral foveole lateral in posi- 
| tion, moderately impressed and without definite form; face moderately 
retreating, with the dorsal section vertical and narrowly rounded into 
| the dorsum of the fastigium; frontal costa with the margins subparallel 
(to the ocellus and very gradually diverging thence to the clypeus, 
slightly expanded between the antenne, moderately sulecate dorsad, 
(the ventral section excavate from margin to margin, but not sulcate; 
eyes ovoid, nearly twice the length of the infra-ocular sulcus; antenne 
about twice the length of the head and pronotum together, depressed but 
‘not expanded proximad, rounded distad. Pronotum half again as long 
‘as the caudal dorsal width; cephalic margin arcuate with a slight median 
truncation, caudal margin slightly rotundato-angulate, a very faint 
trace of constricted lateral carinz present; median carina very distinct, 


@Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906. 


3 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


intersee ted but once; prozona twice the length of the metazona, the 
latter distinctly rugoso-punctate; lateral lobes slightly longer than 
deep, caudal margin with an arcuate emargination, ventral margin | 
with the caudal half obliquely descending, the cephalic half roundly 
emarginate. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes subquadrate, 
very slightly broader than long; metasternum with the lobes she 
attingent. Tegmina about half again as long as the head and pronotum 
together, falling considerably short of the apex of the abdomen, — 
inflated; costal margin strongly arcuate in the distal half, sutural 
margin straight, apical margin acute-angulate with the apex rounded; 
marginal field quite narrow and with practically no dilation, inter- 
calary vein strong, arcuate, immediate apex with subquadrate areas, 
anal field subequal in width for almost the entire length. Wings 
extremely short. Abdomen very slightly compressed; supra-anal 
plate subtrigonal, slightly longer than the proximal width; cerci styli- 
form, slender, slightly exceeding the apex of the supra-anal plate; 
subgenital plate conical, moderately produced, the apex blunt when 
viewed laterad, the ot margin compressed and carinate distad 
Cephalic and median limbs rather slender, of medium size. Caudal 
femora nearly equal to the body in length, moderately expanded 
proximad, the pagina regularly and dighactly sculpieeed the genicular 
region with the lobes extending well below the level of the ventra 
surface; caudal tibie slightly shorter than the femora, slightly sinuate, 
lateral margins bearing nine or ten spines, the entire tibiz and tarsi 
supplied with long hair. 

General color of the head and pronotum lemon yellow, a pair of 
black lines extending from the lateral borders of the fastigium, broad- 
ening caudad of the eye to half the depth of the same and extending 
to the caudal margin of the lateral lobe of the pronotum of which if 
occupies half the depth; dorsal margin sharply defined, ventral mar 
gin blending somewhat into the yellow color; eyes prouts brown; 


antenn tawny-olive proximad, blackish distad; face slightly washed |} | 
with dull greenish, the infra-ocular suture marked with the same colo i, 
Pleura lemon-yellow with a narrow blackish dorsad bar. Tegmina 7} ; 
pale tawny-olive. Abdomen dull gallstone yellow, the apex dull 1}, 
ocher yellow. Cephalic and median limbs oil green; caudal femo r 
ochraceous, with the genicular region black and a very distinct pre= 7} | 
genicular annulus of gamboge yellow; caudal tibiz with the genicular 7} ; 
region black, then clear malachite green blending into olive-green, (| ; 
with the distal portion paler than the median, spines with black; tarsi} ; 
near pale chromium green. ‘ 

fl 

th 

x 


No. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 379 


Measurements. 


| mm. 
En atubOL boy pe ee as an tos ae een cee a eeetiee iio | 18.0 
Heneth.of pronoun... 202 yews kee sien nee on ceee Pet eB45 
TENS MUO MCCS MUM Are see penis w See Renee wet woe Seise eee 8.5 
ene thromeanie ailienmine= ss. cease sere cee ee oe eS 12.0 


An additional paratypic male has also been examined. Aside from 
the fact that the antennze are somewhat darker it does not differ from 
the type. 

BORELLIA, new genus. 


Allied to Staurorhectus Giglio-Tos, but differing in the head, which 
is not elevated, and with the face mies less retreating, the ancien 
lateral foveole and carinz of the angle of the pees and frontal 
costa, the slenderer and shorter antenne, the more robust caudal 
femora, the shorter and thicker male cerci and the shorter and less 
produced male subgenital plate. 

Type.—Borellia carinata, new species. 

I take pleasure in dedicating this genus to Dr. Alfredo Borelli, of 
Turin, Italy, who has contributed greatly to our knowledge of South 
American Orthoptera by careful field work in the Gran Chaco region, 
furnishing the basis for Doctor Giglio-Tos’s exhaustive papers on the 
Orthoptera of northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Bolivia. 


BORELLIA CARINATA, new species. 


Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. June. 
(H. H. Smith:) [U.S.N.M. No. 9486. ] 

Size small; form moderately robust; surface glabrous. Head 
slightly longer than the pronotum, the occiput very gently arcuate 
but not distinctly elevated; fastigium slightly declivent, the angle 
rectangulate (male) or distinctly obtuse-angulate, the extension 
beyond the interocular region being slightly (male) or very consider- 
ably (female) less than the width of the latter, dorsum of the fastig- 
ium moderately excavated; lateral foveole dorsad, distinctly impressed 
with the margins well raised and complete, oblong in shape, the length 
slightly more than twice the width; face moderately retreating, the 
dorsal section rounded, more so in the female than in the male, which 
is also the case with the angle of the face, the male having it more 
marked and less rounded Dee in the female; frontal costa acute dorsad, 
regularly expanding ventrad and reaching the clypus, very slightly con- 
stricted at the ocellus, distinctly but not deeply sulcate in both sexes; 
eyes subovoid, slightly more acute and slenderer in the male than in 
the female, very distinctly longer than the infra-ocular sulcus in both 
sexes; antenne but very slightly exceeding the head and pronotum in 
length, slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum gently rounded 


380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


soseads cephalic. margin very 7 eenaly aeCunte ‘Manel margin obtuse- 
angulate in both sexes, distinct lateral shoulders present on the meta- 
zona, rounded on the prozona; prozona and metazona subequal in 
length, the metazona regularly but not very deeply punctate; median 
‘arina cut only by the principal sulcus, traces of constricted lateral 
carine present except mesad, and much more distinct in the female 
than in the male; lateral lobes very slightly longer than deep, the 
‘audal margin slightly sinuate, the ventral with an irregular median 
obtuse angle. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes very slightly 
longitudinal in the male, very slightly transverse in the female; meta- 
sternal lobes subattingent in the male, approximate but very dis- 
tinctly separate in the female. Tegmina considerably exceeding the 
apex of the abdomen, and slightly exceeding the tips of the femora; 
marginal field of the male distinctly but not greatly dilated, 
traight in the female, a slight proximal lobe present in both sexes; 
a distinct but sinuate intercalary vein present, the sinuate character 
being due to the very numerous short transverse nervures extending 
from the median and ulnar vein and in this way slightly diverting the 
vein from a direct course; ulnar area broad in the male, with several 
straight cross veins but no longitudinal vein, ulnar area narrow in the 
female and with a distinct longitudinal dividing vein; anal field irreg- 
ularly reticulate in both sexes. Wings with the greatest width con- 
tained about twice in the length. Abdomen slightly compressed; 
supra-anal plate subobovate in shape, the apex blunt, surface without 
sulci except grooves paralleling the lateral and apical margins; cerci 
rather short, styliform, acute, very slightly longer than the supra-anal 
plate; subgenital plate somewhat inflated, bullate, the apex a slight, 
blunt tubercle. Cephalic and median limbs short, distinctly inflated 
in the male; caudal femora robust, moderately inflated, and regularly 
tapering to the narrowest section which is immediately pregenicular, 
pagina distinctly and regularly sculptured; caudal tibize distinctly 
shorter than the femora, lateral margins armed with ten spines, inter- 
nal spurs subequal; tarsi provided with large arolia. 

General color burnt umber, the male with a touch of olive and with- 
out distinct maculations except a series of weak brownish spots on the— 
ulnar area of the tegmina, which are hyaline suffused with the gen- 
eral color, and the dull brownish tips of the otherwise hyaline wings. 
The female is marked on the dorsum of the head and pronotum with 
a broad bar of apple green extending back from the vertex, while the 
pronotum and head bear more or less distinct longitudinal lateral 
touches of several shades of brown, and the spots on the tegmina are 
distinct, subquadrate, and blackish, but more distad than in the male. 
Caudal femora with the ventral surface ochraceous, the lateral faces 
touched with dull greenish and the genicular region blackish; caudal 
tibie ochraceous-rufous, dull buff distad, the spines and spurs tipped 
with black; tarsi buffy. 


No. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 381 


Measurements. 


Male. Female. 


mim, mm, 
Meno UNOMD OC Vixens oaeo os sasot> eos ese cess 18.0 Di 
Men Site pron OLUMM 2 =) sc. ¢ 2+ sce ani- So eee 3.5 4.3 
eno Gh OLiermMens cocci anti oo- Ss ceecire cae 14.5 17.5 
Lencthyvotcaudal femur .2222.<.5555..2524- 10.5 12.5 


Three paratypic females taken in April and June have also been 
examined. No important difference between these and the type has 
been noticed. Several of the specimens have one or both of the caudal 
femora with ten spines on the lateral margins, while the intensity of 
the dorsal green bar is subject to variation. The paratypic specimens 
have the lateral aspects of the head paler and greenish instead of dark as 
in the type, leaving a distinct bar extending from the dorsum of the 
eye back to and over the dorsum of the pronotum. 


SRE REOTETTIX,«¢ new genus: 


This genus is closer related to Borel/ia Rehn, than any other genus 
of the group. From this it differs in the position of the lateral fov- 
eole, the presence of distinct parallel lateral carinze on the pronotum, 
in the very narrow discoidal field of the tegmen, in the much more 
transverse interspace between the mesosternal lobes and the more 
elongate and strongly sulcate supra-anal plate of the male. 

Superticially, this genus much resembles Huplectrotettix Bruner, a 
member of the Seyllini. 

Type.— Stereotettix paralogistes, new species. 


STEREOTETTIX PARALOGISTES, ” new species. 


Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. June. 
(> Hi. Smith:) (U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 9490. ] 

Size very small; form moderately robust. Head slightly shorter 
than the pronotum; occiput gently arcuate, in the female a little more 
elevated dorsad of the level of the pronotum than in the male; fas- 
tigium extending beyond the eyes a distinct slightly or considerably 
less than the narrowest portion of the interocular region, the angle 
rectangulate in the male, subrectangulate in the female, the dorsum 
with an apical crescentic depression which leaves the margins in 
relief; lateral foveole ventrad of the fastigial margin and not visible 
from the dorsum, except the sections toward the frontal costa, 
elongate lanceolate, very deeply impressed; angle of the face con- 
siderably retreating, the apex truncate, forming a right angle with 
the fastigium; frontal costa rather acute dorsad, regularly expanding 


@ Srepeos stuble, terr1é, grasshopper. 
» TWapadoyi6rnys, one who deceives by false calculation, 


382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


from the ocellus to the clypeus, distinctly but not deeply suleate 
dorsad, impressed ventrad, this becoming less apparently toward the 
clypeus; eyes moderately prominent in the male, less so in the female, 
reniform ovate in outline, very considerably or slightly longer than 
the infra-ocular sulcus; antennz considerably (male) or slightly 
(female) longer than the head and pronotum together, depressed and 
very slightly expanded proximad. Pronotum moderately deplanate 
dorsad; cephalic margin very slightly arcuate, caudal margin obtuse- 
angulate; prozona distinctly but not very considerably longer than the 
metazona, the latter thickly but not very deeply punctate; median 
carina distinct, cut only by the principal sulcus; lateral carine distinct, 
nearly parallel, with a very slight constriction from the first to third 
sulci in the male, and in the female apparently with a very slight 
divergence through the entire length, all three transverse sulci inter- 
secting these carinz; lateral lobes about as deep as the dorsal length 
of the lobe, ventral margin rounded mesad. Interspace between the 
mesosternal lobes distinctly transverse in both sexes; metasternal lobes 
attingent (male) or subattingent (female). Tegmina falling slightly 
short of the apex of the abdomen and very considerably short of the 
tips of the femora in the male, or exceeding the abdomen and equaling 
the femora in the female; marginal field expanded in both sexes, but 
stronger in the male than in the female; a broken or sinuate inter- 
‘alary vein present in both sexes, but more distinct and continuous in 
the female than in the male; apex rounded, sutural margins nearly 
straight, wings reaching to the tips of the tegmina when in repose. 
Abdomen considerably compressed; supra-anal arched, elongate trigo- 
nal in shape with a longitudinal median depression; cerci rather slender 
styliform, reaching to the apex of the supra-anal plate; subgenital 
plate conic, the apex bluntly tuberculate, and extending ‘very little 
beyond the supra-anal plate. Cephalic and median limbs of medium 
size, slender; caudal femora moderately robust, pagina distinctly but 
rather shallowly sculptured, the genicular region slightly inflated; 
caudal tibiz distinctly but not considerably shorter than the femora, 
armed with 8 spines on the lateral margins; internal spurs unequal but 
the difference is not as great as seen in Scy//ina and allied genera; 
arolia of the caudal tarsi of medium size, trigonal. 

General color wood-brown, touched dorsad with fawn, a distinct post- 
ocular bar extending caudad tothe caudal margin of the lateral lobes, 
rather irregular and broken on the lateral lobes, clove-brown in color; 
face spotted with bister; antennz dark distad; eyes raw umber; teg- 
mina with the series of faint dark subquadrate spots on the marginal 
field. Cephalic and median limbs more or less completely and regu- 
larly annulate with clove-brown, the annuli of the femora weaker than 
the tibial and tarsal ones. Caudal femora mesad on the dorso-lateral 


L 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 383 


white; caudal tibie very faint greenish, the spines tipped with black. 


i with a trigonal velvety clove-brown spot; lateral faces ivory 
P Measurements. 


Male. Female. 


mm. mim. 
ene TA OnDOUNEr se a 2 cne ie mias os antcsae netic os 12.0 16.0 
Gene TOyOmpreno tums. =a o=2- ate aesee~ soe Bol 3.0 
Wiens iotOMteeMment 2 oe see cae esecas eee 7.2. | TES 
Lenstihroheaudalmemily. 22.2 /-2- 5225-2 sc sn. tae | 9.5 


A paratypic series of one male and two females, taken in June and 
‘September, have also been examined. Aside from the fact that the 
‘fastigium is slightly broader in these females than in the type, no 
‘character at variance with those of the types are noticed. 


TRISTIRA Brunner. 


~ 1900. Tristira BRuNNER, Comun. Museo Nac., Buenos Aires, I, No.7, p. 235, fig. 

Type.—T. bergi Brunner. 

This very peculiar genus is considered by Brunner to be related to 
Stauronotus (Dociostaurus), but the general appearance and structure 
is so different and with so many peculiarities that the type is probably 
worthy of separation as a group 77/stir7.. This genus in many respects 

‘resembles Closteridea Scudder,“ from Chatham Island, Galapagos, and 
it is quite likely they are closely related. 


TRISTIRA BERGI Brunner. 


1900. Tristira bergi BRUNNER, Comun. Museo Nac., Buenos Aires, I, No. 7, p. 236, 
fig. [Filaret, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. ] 
Gregory Bay, Straits of Magellan. (U. S. Fish Commission.) 
[U.S.N.M.] One male, four females. 
In all the specimens but one the lateral abdominal carinz are marked 
With blackish, and in one female the median is the only one of the five 
not marked.’ 


BUPne Cir Omen bie Bruner. 


EUPLECTROTETTIX SCHULZI Bruner. 


1900. Euplectrotettix schulze, Bruner, Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 41. 
[ Vicinity of Cordoba, Argentina. ] 


Cordoba, Argentina. [U.S.N.M.] One male, one female. 
In these individuals the three femoral dark bars which are moder- 


@Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., X XV, No.1, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 4-5. 

>Brunner’s description says: ‘‘Abdomen compressum, tricarinatum,’’ while one of 
the specimens in his figureand the material in hand show five caring, one median 
and two lateral pairs, 


> 


ie ‘ 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


ately distinct on the dorsal surface are practically obsolete on the 
external face, the dorso-lateral region being suffused with a longi- 
tudinal blackish-brown bar. 


SCYLLINA Stal. 
SCYLLINA UNIFORMIS, new species. 


Type.—Female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April. (H. H. 
Smith.) [U.S.N.M. No. 9482. | 

A peculiar species in some respects resembling Bodpedon, the weak 
and but moderately bowed lateral carine of the pronotum and the 
rather uniform coloration being distinctive. 

Size medium; form robust, moderately but distinctly compressed, 
Head with the fastigium subrectangulate; depressed area crescentic 
cephalad and becoming indistinct caudad, interspace between the eyes 
slightly less than twice the width of the dorsal portion of the frontal 
costa; lateral foveolex indistinct, impresso-punctate; frontal costa 
tumid, subequal, slightly constricted dorsad, lateral facial carinz dis- 
tinctly diverging ventrad; fastigium rounding into the frontal costa 
when viewed laterad; no distinct angle present; eyes acute reniform, 
slightly longer than the infra-ocular portion of the genz; antennee 
less than twice the length of the head, depressed except distad. Pro- 
notum but little longer than greatest width; cephalic margin very 
broadly obtuse-angulate, caudal margin obtuse-angulate; median carina 
distinct, somewhat elevated, lateral carina very weak, marked more 
by callosities than true carinal ridges, moderately constricted, obsolete 
mesad; transverse sulcus bisecting the median carina very slightly in 
advance of the middle; lateral lobes very much deeper than long, ven- 
tral margin obtuse-angulate. Tegmina slightly exceeding the tips of 
the caudal femora; costal margin arcuate, with a slight basal expan: 
sion; apical margin obliquely rotundato-truncate; postradial area 
irregularly areolate and without a distinct intercalary vein. Wings 
large, costal margin distinctly arcuate distad. Cephalic and median 
limbs slender. Caudal femora robust, evenly and regularly but dis- 
tinctly constricted in the pregenicular region, the proximal half con- 
siderably inflated, external pagina well marked; caudal tibie armed 
laterad with ten spines, longer internal calcar very slightly more than 
twice the length of the shorter. 

General color between liver-brown and chestnut. Head suffused 
slightly with hoary; eyes tawny-olive; antenne buff. Pronotum deep 
liver-brown, unicolorous. Tegmina very obscurely blotched with 
quadrate spots, between which the tegmen is hyaline, except proxi 
mad, where it is more coriaceous. Wings hyaline, with a very slight 
greenish-yellow suffusion proximad, apex slightly suffused. Limbs 
Vinaceous-cinnamon and liyer-brown; caudal femora with very obscure 


NO. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 385 


_ dorsal bars, genicular arches blackish, carinz of the lateral face beaded 
with blackish, ventral sulcus poppy-red; caudal tibie orange-vermil- 
ion, slightly speckled with brownish on the latero-proximal portion; 
caudal tarsi near poppy-red dorsad, very dull magenta ventrad. 


Measurements. 


= fe ] 
mm. 


TU SVaYEA Mae POY YG Ns i ese ese ace Nae 34.0 | 
METIS TOO PTONO MU erjovcliae ~fas =n ose e eke dee cece eoaee 7.0 
GGUS OLOLIG 0 2) 0 Os a a ee he es Se 30.5 
enpuho tesa si femiig) 22550 sos) neues eo tae see yeeecioware (2255 


A paratypic female was also examined (August). The color of this 
specimen differs from the type in that it is more brownish, and the 
caudal femora are distinctly barred dorsad. 


SCYLLINA BRUNNERI (Giglio-Tos). 


1895. Pseudostauronotus brunneri GiGLi0-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., Abth. Syst., VIII, 
p. 810. [Paraguay. ] 
Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. April, August, and September. 
_(H. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M.] Five males and two females. 

This exceedingly variable species is represented by individuals of 
all the three color phases so well described by Giglio-Tos. Type ‘‘a,” 
with distinctly marked median and lateral pronotal carine and con- 
trasted coloration, is represented by two males; type ‘‘b,” with the 
dorsal surface uniform, but with the pronotal cross moderately dis- 
tinct and the caudal femora barred, is represented by two females; 
type ‘‘c,” which is quite uniformly colored without dorsal cross, 
restricted tegminal maculations and incomplete femoral bars, is 
represented by three males. 

This species has been recorded from Paraguay, Caiza, southern 
Bolivia, and Colon. The latter record, although made by the de- 

 seriber,” appears rather doubtful. 


SCYLLINA SUFFUSA, new species. 


Type.—Female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. September. (H. 
HH. Smith.) [Cat. No. 9483, U.S.N.M.] 
_ Allied to S. picta and conspersa on one hand and 8. varipes and 
‘ smithi on the other. From picta it can be readily separated. by the 
) slender build, while conspersa has shorter tegmina, less constricted 
| lateral pronotal carine, broader frontal costa, and less distinct lat- 
_ eral foveole. From waripes it can be distinguished by the more arcu- 
| ate and less retreating face, the distinct lateral foveole, the more arcu- 
| ate caudal margin of the pronotum, the somewhat less compressed 
_ body and slenderer limbs; from smthi it can be separated by the 


——— 


@Boll. Musei di Zool. et Anat. Comp., Torino, XII, No. 301, p. 3, 1897, 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 


95 
ye 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


On SS eee 
rather broader body, the broader fastigium, the deeply excavated lat- 
eral foveole, the more angulate caudal margin of the pronotum, and 
the more rounded face. 

Size, medium; form slender. Head with the fastigium rather broad, 
blunt rectangulate, depressed area crescentic, rather shallow, interspace 
between the eyes over half again as broad as the frontal costa at its 
narrowest (dorsal) part; lateral foveole elongate, narrow, deeply 
impressed; fastigium rounding moderately into the frontal costa when 
viewed laterally; frontal costa narrow dorsad, gradually but slightly ex- 
panding ventrad, biseriate punctate dorsad of the ocellus; supplementary 
facial carine precurrent, diverging ventrad; eyes subreniform, slightly 
longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne slender, 
slightly depressed. Pronotum with the cephalic margin very slightly 
arcuate, caudal margin narrowly obtuse-angulate, nearly rectangulate; 
median carina distinct, cut slightly cephalad of the middle, lateral 
carine distinct cephalad and caudad, subobsolete mesad, distinctly and 
considerably constricted; lateral lobes over half again as deep as long, 
cephalic and ventral margins subparallel, ventral margin arcuate 
obtuse-angulate. Tegmina elongate, extending beyond the apex of 
the abdomen a distance slightly greater than the length of the prono- 
tum; costal dilation slight; apex rotundato-truncate; post-radial area 
irregularly areolate proximad, biareolate distad, a crude intercalary vein 
present distad. Cephalic and median limbs slender. | Caudal femora 
slender, proximal enlarged portion considerably inflated, the distal 
section evenly narrowed, pattern of the pagina regularly and distinctly 
impressed, genicular region slightly inflated; caudal tibiz armed with 
ten spines laterad, longer internal spur with the apex sharply hooked, 
slightly more than twice the length of the shorter. 

General colors cinnamon and clove brown. Head dark dorsad, with 
a slight and indistinct post-ocular line and a distinct but narrow infra- 
ocular line along the suture; eyes dark ferruginous; antenne dark. 
Pronotum with the light lateral carinz distinct, obscure mesad; lateral 
lobes with a heavy blotch, as usual in the genus, extending from the 
principal sulcus dorsad obliquely ventrad to the ventro-cephalic angle, 
‘audal portion with several regular dark blotched. Tegmina regularly 
and subequally blotched, the blotches rather indistinct distad; anal area 
with small quadrate blotches thickly distributed. Limbs marked with 
both general colors; caudal femora strongly barred transversely dor- 
sad, the bars extending obliquely proximad over the dorsal half of the 
lateral face, dorsal surface with the light areas touched with ferrugi- 
nous, the light portion of the lateral face inclining toward bone-white, 
genicular region dark, ventral face very dark wine purple; caudal 
tibie ranging from very pale buff distad through poppy-red to pur- 
plish, the lateral faces blotched irregularly with brown, spines black- 
ish nearly their whole length, spurs with the tips and caudal margins 


No. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 387 


blackish; caudal tarsi with the two proximal joints dull purplish with 
the tips and the third joint ochraceous. 


Measurements. 
mm, 
Wem eplORBOOY = = sets sass merte cage eacie Aouacceee one | 33.0 
En SUMO pLOnOuaMihsseese cee seis aas es hese s coon One 
Length of tegmen ..........- MAS EUEE RSI ot Ghana | 32:0 
pelenethioincandal teniun 92-5282 ese-eece sees ese 22.0 


The type is unique. 
SCYLLINA SMITHI, new species. 


Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. May 
(male) and September (female). (H. H. Smith.) [Cat. No. 9484, 
U.S.N.M.] 

Allied to S. varipes Bruner but slenderer and differing in the longer 
tegmina and caudal limbs, the fuller eyes, the subequal lateral lobes 
and the more constricted lateral carine of the pronotum as well as 
the longer, straighter, and more hooked major tibial spur. 

Size medium; form slender. Head slightly ascending; fastigium 
rounded rectangulate, shallow, crescentic, interspace between the eyes 
slightly greater than the dorsal width of the frontal costa, lateral 
foveole oblong, impresso-punctate; angle of the fastigium and frontal 
costa viewed laterad narrowly rounded in the male, moderately rounded 

|in the female, face distinctly and strongly retreating; frontal costa sub- 
equal, slightly constricted dorsad and faintly biseriate punctate; sup- 
plementary facial carine distinct, diverging ventrad; eyes subtrigonal, 
reniform, about half as long again as broad, pointed dorsad, dis- 
tinctly longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne 
‘slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum with the cephalic margin 
slightly arcuate, caudal margin obtuse-angulate, the angle broader 
‘and more rounded in the female than in the male, lateral carine dis- 
| tinct cephalad and caudad, obsolete mesad and strongly constricted; 
(median carina distinct, regular, cut very little cephalad of the middle; 
iJateral lobes about a third again as deep as long, cephalic and caudal 
margins straight, subparallel, ventral margin obtuse-angulate, more 
| rounded in the male than in the female. Tegmina elongate, extend- 
ling considerably beyond the apex of the abdomen and exceeding the 
‘tips of the caudal femora by slightly less than the length of the prono- 
‘tum, costal dilation slight, tips rotundato-truncate; postradial area 
irregularly areolate proximad, roughly biareolate distad, no distinct 
‘intercalary vein present in the female, distinct in the male. Caudal 
| femora elongate, slender, distal inflation considerable, regular, distal 
‘third quite slender, pattern of the pagina distinct; caudal tibize with 
ten to twelve lateral spines, longer internal spur over twice the length 
of the shorter, rather straight with the tip hooked. 


q 


388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


General color seal brown and ochraceous, a distinct subequal median 
line extending from the fastigium to the extremity of the anal area of 
the tegmina. Head dark above, except for the median line, no distinct 
postocular bar aside from the dorsal suffusion, a distinct infraocular 
dark sutural line present in the male, unmarked in the female; eyes 
ferruginous; antenne ochraceous buff, darkened distad. Pronotum 
with the lateral carine distinctly marked with the lighter color, weak 


mesad; lateral lobes with the two base colors intermingled, the usual 


oblique bar broken in the male, distinct in the female. Tegmina with 
rather regular transverse bars, heavier and wider distad than proximad, 
the anal area, except the median line, and angle very dark and hardly 
maculate in the female. Caudal femora distinctly barred dorsad and 
obliquely proximad on the lateral faces with darker, the pregenicular 
dark bar wide, ventro-lateral carina beaded with the dark color, very 
closely beaded in the male, pregenicular light annulus complete, 
genicular region dark, ventro-lateral face very dark heliotrope purple, 
ventro-internal face and sulcus maroon purple; caudal tibize saturn 
-red proximad blending into dull carmine distad, blotched with brown 
laterad, spines blackish at least half their length, spurs blackish 
distad and on the caudal margins. 


Measurements. 


Male. Female. | 
| as 
mm, mm. 
Dengtb or POY ~.sce eee at eee | 26.5 31.2 
Length of pronotum .....--..... 4.8 5.8 
Length’ of teemen\. 25-222 sees 24.3 29.5 
Length of caudal femur ......-.- 17.5 20.5 


Three paratypic males have also been studied (May and June). 
These present a great amount of color variation, chiefly, however, in 
the intensity. The suffusion of the dorsum of the head is limited in 
some and distinct postocular bars present; the median line is obsolete 
on the anal area of the tegmina in several, and in these specimens the 
angle of the tegmina bears a pale line; while several specimens have 
the lateral lobes with large strongly contrasted blotches of color 
instead of small irregularly distributed spots. 


SCYLLINA SCHISTOCERCOIDES, new species. 


Type.—Female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. (H. H. Smith.) 
[Cat. No. 9485, U.S.N.M.] 

Closely allied to S. borrellii Giglio-Tos, from the Rio Apa region, 
Paraguay, but much smaller and with other differences, such as the 
distinct blackish blotches on the lateral lobes of the pronotum. 

Size rather large; form rather slender and superficially resembling 
species of the genus Schistocerca. Head somewhat ascending; fas- 


t 
4 


i 


* 


No. 1453. _ SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 389 


tigium rounded rectangulate, slightly impressed in the form of a cres- 
cent, interspace between the eyes slightly more than half again as 
broad as the dorsal width of the frontal costa; lateral foveole rather 
weak, punctate; angle of the fastigium and the frontal costa nar- 
rowly rounded, the face roundly and moderately retreating; frontal 
costa tumid, strongly constricted dorsad, regularly but slightly ex- 
panding ventrad of the inter-antennal region, biseriate punctate 
dorsad of the ocellus; eyes subreniform, rather sharply angulate dor- 
sad, about equal in length to the infra-ocular portion of the gene; 
antenne slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum with the cephalic 
margin slightly arcuate, caudal margin very obtusely angulate, the 
angle rounded, lateral carine moderately distinct, obsolete mesad, 
moderately constricted, the carine regularly and moderately diverging 
caudad; median carina distinct, low, cut slightly in advance of the mid- 
dle; lateral lobes of the pronotum about a third again as deep as long, 
the cephalic and caudal margins subparallel, ventral margin obtuse- 
angulate, slightly emarginate cephalad. Tegmina moderately elongate, 
exceeding the apex of the abdomen by little less than the combined 
length of the head and pronotum, exceeding the tips of the caudal 
femora by nearly the length of the pronotum; costal dilation moder- 
ate; tips rotundato-truncate; postradial area roughly biareolate distad, 
no distinct intercalary vein present. Caudal femora slender, proximal 
portion moderately inflated, distal portion regularly narrowed, pattern 
of the pagina distinctly and sharply sculptured; caudal tibize with ten 
lateral spines present, longer internal spurs slightly more than twice 
the length of the shorter, comparatively straight except for the 
recurved and hooked tips. 

General colors prouts brown and ochraceous, a median pale line 
extending from the fastigium to the tips of the anal area of the 
tegmina. Head with the median line broad, flanked laterad by large 
blotches of darker, which replace the postocular bars and extend around 
the caudal margin of the eye to the infra-ocular sulcus, which is broadly 
infuscate to the angle of the mandible; eyes cinnamon; antenne pale 
ochraceous, infuscate distad. Pronotum dark above, excepting the 
median line, with the lateral carine very faintly marked with lighter; 
lateral lobes slightly suffused dorsad, the usual oblique blotch very 
deep in color and large in size. Tegmina with the suffusions rather 
weak, the dark areas wide and unbroken except distad, costal area 
hardly suffused. Caudal femora pale, with very slight indications of 
transverse bars dorsad, lateral face dark brown immediately along the 
ventro-lateral carina, otherwise unmarked; genicular region brown- 
ish; proximal two-thirds of the’ ventral surface very dark verditer 
blue; caudal tibize with the proximal two-thirds orange, distal third 
very dark verditer blue, spines two-thirds blackish; tarsi washed above 
with the blue of the tibie. 


390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Measurements. 


mm. | 
Length.of body--;.3..coeee er sence eee 


Length Ol pronouinine 2 sse-- eee eee eee ib? 
Leneth of tesmen seers ese en ee eee 39.0 | 
Length of caudal femur...............-. 24.5 


The type is unique. The species superficially bears considerable 
resemblance to species of the genus Schistocerca, a fact noted by 
Giglio-Tos in his description of the closely allied S. borelli7. 


STIRAPLEURA Scudder. 
STIRAPLEURA BRUNNEA, new species. 


Types.—Male and female; Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil. August 
(female) and September (male). (H. H. Smith.) [U.S.N.M., No. 
9489. | 

Allied to S. pallida and obscura Bruner, but differing from the 
former in the larger head, broader fastigium, constricted pronotum, 
and more uniform coloration. From S. obscura it differs in the larger 
size, shallower and narrower fastigium, and shorter but more inflated 
caudal femora. 

Size medium; form moderately robust. Head with the fastigium 
broad, slightly acute-angulate in the male, obtuse-angulate in the female, 
rounded, depressed area crescentic in the female, semicircular in the 
male; intérspace between the eyes very little narrower than the greatest 
width of the fastigium and but slightly more than half again as wide 
as the dorsal portion of the frontal costa; lateral foveole slightly longer 
than wide, impresso-punctate; angle of the fastigium and frontal costa 
when viewed laterad very slightly rounded; face distinctly retreating, 
slightly arcuate; frontal costa tumid, slightly but gradually expanding 
ventrad, not sulcate, irregularly punctate; supplementary facial carine 
distinct, strongly divergent; eyes ovoid, distinctly (male) or slightly 
(female) longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne 
slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum with the cephalic margin 
slightly arcuate, caudal margin obtuse-angulate, the angle very nar- 
rowly rounded; median carina distinct, cut in the middle; lateral carine. 
distinct cephalad and caudad, obsolete mesad, moderately constricted; 
lateral lobes about half again as deep as long, cephalic and caudal 
margins parallel, ventral margin rounded, rotundato-emarginate ceph- 
ulad. Tegmina extending beyond the tips of the caudal femora by a 
distance slightly less than the length of the pronotum; veins coarse; 
tips rotundate; costal dilation slight; postradial area irregularly areo- 
late with a crude biareolate arrangement distad. Caudal femora con- 
siderably inflated proximad, constricted distad, the constriction of little 


i 


a Pn reco 


-_ 


NO. 1453. SOUTH AMERICAN GRASSHOPPERS—REHN. 391 


length, pattern of the pagina distinct, sharply cut; caudal femora with 
nine spines on the lateral margins; shorter tibial spurs about two-thirds 
the length of the longer, evenly curved. 

General color dull cinnamon, washed irregularly with seal brown. 
Head without postocular bar; antennal fossa of both sexes and the 
infra-ocular sulcus marked with blackish; eyes ferruginous. Prono- 
tum with a very faint median bar in the female margined laterad by 
faint blotches of darker color; lateral carine faintly marked with 
lighter; lateral lobes unicolorous in the male, marked obliquely with 
a blackish bar in the female, the bar extending from the dorso-caudal 
to the ventro-cephalic angles. Tegmina obscurely sprinkled with 
small dark spots, the veins distinctly marked with darker in the female. 
Caudal femora light with the usual triangular spot on the dorsal sur- 
face distinct in the male, weak in the female, the lateral face in the 
female with a longitudinal dark line following the center of the pattern 
of the pagina, ventral surface pale, unicolorous; caudal tibize dull yel- 
lowish, blackish proximad with a pale pregenicular annulus, spines 
blackish for about two-thirds the length. 


Measurements. 
Male. | Female. 
F mm. mm. 

Bens thor DOV. s-cs.cc ao ~ cae. eee Sede 15.0 2250 
length ob prono tums 2 <aee eee esas oo er 3.5 4,2 
hen stuhroOr texmeny= see sas nee ae Some eres 14.1 17.5 
Lenethioficaudaliemiun, €522--2-4-2se-eeses 10.0 | 12.0 | 

| 

| 


A paratypic series of one male and two females have been studied, 
in addition to the types, taken in June and July. These are very 
similar to the male type in coloration, except that the male has the 
dorsum of the head and pronotum dark and the females have the dor- 
sum of the metazona dark, a tendency toward which is noticed in the 
male type. The lined veins of the tegmina are distinct only in the 
female type. The color of the caudal tibiw is also subject to con- 
siderable variation, being livid in some specimens. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW NAIADS. 


By Pau Bartscn, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks. 


Among the Unionide received by the United States National Museum 
in the past two years are two undescribed species, which are here 
diagnosed. 

NEPHRONAIAS FLUCKI, new species. 
Plates XX VII-X XIX. 


Description.—Shell elliptical, moderately inflated, attenuated pos- 
terio-ventrally; sloping gently and evenly dorsally from a line extend- 
ing from the umbones to the posterior ventral angle. Dorsal line 
evenly arcuate, curving a little more abruptly anteriorly than at the 
posterior end; ventral margin almost straight or slightly concave. In 
some, presumably the females, the shell is somewhat drawn out ven- 
trally at the posterior margin, and in such the ventral outline neces- 
sarily appears more concave. Surface marked by numerous very 
strong concentric lines of growth and crinkly radiating rays which are 
most pronounced on the anterior end and gradually fade out from the 
middle of the shell posteriorly. Periostracum shining, dark brown 
at the umbones, fading gradually to greenish yellow at the edge. 
Umbonal cavity moderately deep. Pseudocardinal of the right valve 
strong, triangular, deeply notched (almost bifid by the deep. vertical 
/\-shaped notch in old specimens), with numerous fine secondary notch- 
ings. Pseudocardinals of the right valve rather slender, finely notched, 
inclosing a /\-shaped cusp between them, which corresponds to the 
/\-shaped notch in the other valve. Laterals narrow, slightly arcuate 
and obliquely ridged. Dorsal muscle scars feeble. Nacre bluish white 
at the margin, shading to livid olive dorsally. 

There are four specimens of this species before me, all with more or 
less eroded umbones. They measure: 


Length. | Height. | Diameter. | 


mm. mm. mm, 


53.7 32.7 22.5 | 

51.2 32 21,7 | 

a 64 26.7 | 17.6 

40 23.7 | 13.6 | 
aType. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXX—No. 1454. pe 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


NV. flucki can be readily separated from the other Vephronaias of 
the region by its rugose sculpture, in which respect it resembles 
LV. dysoni Lea, from Costa Rica, and by its wavy radiating lines and 
the dark nacre. 

Type.—Cat. No. 106121 U.S.N.M. The specimens were collected 
by the Rey. W. H. Fluck at Wounta River, northwest of Kukallaya, 
Nicaragua. 

DIPLODON HUAPENSIS, new species. 


Plates XX VII-X XIX. 


Description.—Shell thin, elongate, elliptical, drawn out posterio- 
ventrally into a blunt beak, compressed dorsally, from a line extend- 
ing from the umbones to the posterio-dorsal margin of the beak and 
somewhat pinched in its subcentral ventral half. Dorsal margin 
slightly curved, its posterior third sloping regularly obliquely down- 
ward. Anterior margin abruptly curved, falling off a little more 
gradually toward the ventral than the dorsal edge. Posterior extrem- 
ity evenly rounded. Ventral margin somewhat concave in the middle. 
Periostracum brown on the posterior dorsal portions of the shell, 
grading to wax yellow streaked with brown on the anterior ventral 
parts. Surface marked by numerous lines of growth, the stronger 
ones of which are usually darker colored than the general surface, and 
numerous fine, crinkly, radiating lines, which_are best developed on 
the anterior half, and gradually diminished in prominence posteriorly. 
Beak cavities shallow. Pseudocardinals in the right valve two, nar- 
row, weak, sublamellar, and very oblique, the dorsal one decidedly 
notched and stronger than the ventral, which is rugose. Left pseudo- 
cardinal narrow, slender, slight, notched, and cut into many fine 
tubercles. Right lateral only moderately curved, very slender, 
slightly roughened, more so on the inner than the outer edge. Left 
laterals thin, and lamellar, inner one larger and better developed than 
the dorsal, both with roughened edges. Nacre bluish, with many 
spots of livid olive, which are more numerous and extensive in the 
dorsal part of the shell than ventrally. Posterior part iridescent. 

There are two specimens of this species in the U. S. National 
Museum, No. 186117. The shells measure: Type, length, 55 mm.; 
height, 25.9 mm.; diameter, 14.5 mm.; the other—length, 57 mm.; 
height, 27.3 mm.; diameter, 16 mm. 

Description of soft parts.—Animal pale flesh colored. Mantle 
thickened near the edge all the way around from the anterior to the 
posterior end; this thickening is cord-like and becomes decidedly 
strengthened in the syphonal regions. The mantle slopes from the 
cord to a thin edge, which is more or less marked by longitudinal, 
parallel ridges. The space between the cord and the edge is dark col- 
ored on the inside. Syphons completely separated, the space between 
them being about 2 mm. wide. Ventral syphon 7 mm. long, thick 


No. 1454. TWO NEW NAIA DS—BARSTCH. 395 


walled, and beset with several rows of long, thick, conical papille. 
Dorsal syphon 6 mm. long, moderately thick walled, and not papillose. 
Outer gills much smaller than inner, terminating somewhat posterior 
to the basal attachment of the inner gills; roughly they represent an 
isosceles triangle, the base of which constitutes the line of attachment; 
the anterior edge is a little less regular, not quite as straight as the 
_ posterior side, and falls off just a trifle more abruptly. The inner 
gills correspond at the posterior end with the outer gills in size, shape, 
and slope, but they extend forward in a slightly curved line, almost 
undiminished in width to the labial palpi, where they are suddenly 
deflected dorsally, their anterior margin being very short. Labial 
palpi small, with the free edge somewhat sinuous, agreeing with each 
other in shape and size. but the outer one is attached to the mantle in 
such a way that it probably presents only half the free surface on its 
outside that the inner presents on its inside. The space between them 
is equal. Foot and body of the animal small, the entire length of the 
body at the base of the gills being only 29 mm., while the entire length 
of the animal from the anterior mantle edge to the posterior mantle 
edge is 52.5 mm. The posterior half of the mantle is ash colored, 
deepest at the posterior edge, fading gradually anteriorly. 

The shell in a general way recalls Diplodon caseblance Philippi and 
Diplodon frenzdlii Ihering, but can readily be distinguished from 
them by its narrower outline. 

This species is reported to be very abundant in a small lake on Vic- 
toria Island, in Lake Nahuel Huapé, Argentina, where the natives are 
said to roast and eat them. 

One of the specimens has four lateral teeth, two in the right valve, 
instead of one; the ventral one of these, the extra one, is almost as 
strong as the dorsal member. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXVII 


PEARLY FRESH-WATER MUSSELS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 393, 394. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXVIII 


PEARLY FRESH-WATER MUSSELS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 398, 394, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXIX 


PEARLY FRESH-WATER MUSSELS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 393, 394. 


A SYNOPSIS OF THE STURGEONS (ACIPENSERIDZ) OF 
JAPAN. 


By Davip Starr JoRDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, 


Of Stanford University, California. 


Two species of sturgeon (Aczpenser’) are known to inhabit the waters 
of Japan. In addition to these, a few other species have been recorded 
from rivers of Manchuria and of China. These may be found to enter 
streams of Saghalin or of Hokkaido. 

The following isan analysis of the species known in Japanese waters: 


Genus ACIPENSER Linneus. 


a. Dorsal fin very long, of more than 60 rays; anal rays about 40; dorsal plates 11; 
| lateral plates 32; skin between series of scales nearly smooth; anal below 


posterior part of dorsal; snout rather short ............-.--.-.-------- kikuchii 

aa. Dorsal fin moderate, of 35 to 40 rays; anal rays about 30; dorsal plates 7 or 8, 
lateral plates 34; skin between series of shields with small stellate plates; 
Snoumrathensharpiaceeacse st ee neste Seen ce oos Sous tbo deine mikadoi 


ACIPENSER KIKUCHII Jordan and Snyder. 


Acipenser kikuchii JoRDAN and Snyper, Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XV, 1901, p. 
302, pl. xv, figs. 1, 2; Misaki, Sagami Bay. 


Head, 44 in length; depth, 7. Snout, 23 in head. Dorsal plates, 11; 
lateral, 32; ventral, 11. Dorsal rays, III, 63; anal, III, 37. Head 
longitudinally concave above. Snout shortish, rather sharp. Dorsal 
plates large, rugose, without distinct spines; lateral plates each with 

| a spine in front, those below smooth. A large rugose plate behind 

‘dorsal and behind anal. No bony plates on body except the five 

series, and a few small ones between the large anterior ones of dorsal 

‘ series, the skin between the rows of plates soft and smooth. Opercle 

'rugose; cheeks with fine stellate prickles. Height of dorsal, 24 times 

‘in head; insertion of anal below posterior part of dorsal; pectoral, 14 
in head; upper lobe of caudal, 14 times head. 

Of this species but one specimen is known. This is a mounted exam- 
ple, 1.80 meters long, in the Museum of the Imperial University of 
‘Tokyo. It was taken in a net in the open sea off Misaki, in Sagami 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1455. 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Bay. It is distinguished from most other sturgeons by the very long 
dorsal fin. 

(Named for Prof. Dairoku Kikuchi, late president of the Imperial 
University of Tokyo.) 


ACIPENSER MIKADOI Hilgendorf. 
CHOZAME (CHIEF SHARK). 


Acipenser mikadoi HILGENDORF, Sitz. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1901, p. 98: Tokyo 
market, doubtless from Hokkaido.—Jorpan and Snyper, Journ. Coll. Sci. 
Tokyo, 1901, p. 303: Ishikari R., Teshio, Mikawa.—Scumipr, Pisce. Mar. 
Orient, 1904, p. 284: Hakodate, ete. 

Head, 3% to 34 in length; depth, 6} to 7. Snout, 2 to 2;'5 in head. 
Dorsal plates, 7 or 8; lateral, 34; ventral, 9. Dorsal rays, 1V, 31 to 
IV, 36; anabrays, III, 25 to III, 28. 

Top of head, bony; snout, short, rather sharp; cheeks with rough 
plates; opercle, rugose. Sides above, between series of large plates, 
with smaller plates mostly stellate, 14 of these forming an irregular 
row below the dorsal series; plates, well keeled, with radiating striz, 
rather than rugose; 4 to 6 plates behind dorsal; 2 to 4 behind anal. 

Pectoral, ? in head; height of dorsal, 34; upper lobe of caudal, 14 
in head. 

Described from three examples in the Imperial Museum of Tokyo, 
each about 14 meters in length, the first from the Ishigari River, in 
Hokkaido, the others from streams in Teshio and Mikawa, all of these 
localities being in the island of Hokkaido. This is the common stur- 
geon of northern Japan, known as chozame or chief shark. 

(Mikado, the emperor of Japan. ) 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF SOUTH 
AMERICAN GEOMETRID MOTHS. 


By Wiuiiam Warren, 
of London, England. 


The following species are described from the collection of Mr. 
William Schaus, and comprise the new forms contained among the 
specimens which he put in my hands for determination. A majority 
of the species are from the Guianas, but others are included from 
different parts of the neotropical region, Mexico, Cuba, and Brazil. 
The types are in the U. 8. National Museum. 


Family URANIIDA. 
Subfamily EH PIPLAMIN AH. 
Genus ANTIPLECTA Warren. 
ANTIPLECTA CAESIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Blackish slate-color; the lines darker; first angled out- 
wards in middle, the outer outcurved above, indented on submedian 
fold, where it approaches inner line, then again outcurved, preceded 
throughout by blacker shading, which on inner margin forms a dark 
blotch between the two lines; a blackish line from below apex to 
below vein 4 on hind margin, with black spots between the veins; 
fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—With the two lines black and curved, the space between 
them blacker, both plainer toward inner margin, the outer with a pale 
edge. Under side dark gray in forewing, whitish in hindwing. 

Head, thorax and abdomen blackish; face black: vertex and anten- 
nal shaft snow-white; antenne of male with thick clavate teeth. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Localities. —Jalapa, Mexico, one male, one female; Orizaba, Mexico, 
one male. 

Hindwing in both sexes minutely dentate at veins 7, 6, and 4: the 
fold beneath on inner margin of male hindwing with its tuft of hairs 
whitish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9144, U.S.N.M. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEuM, VoL. XXX—No. 1456. 
399 


400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


ANTIPLECTA CINERASCENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Dingy cinereous with darker markings; in the male 
paler, slightly reddish tinged toward margin; inner line at one-third, 
projecting outward on median vein, outer line from two-thirds of costa, 
outwardly oblique to vein 6 then vertical to 2, sinuous below to three- 
fourths of inner margin; space between the lines dark fuscous; in the 
female the fascia so formed is broad and entire; in the male narrowed 
below middle and partially interrupted; a line of three or four black 
spots from costa before apex to below middle of hind margin and a 
submarginal more or less interrupted cloud, always marked on costa; 
fringe gray. 

Hindwing.—W ith inner line angled outward on median; outer, well- 
curved, from just beyond middle of costa to inner margin above anal 
angle; the lines in both wings are dark brown edged slightly with pale; 
in the male the angle of inner line is filled in with redder gray; slight 
black marginal mark before fringe between veins 3 and 7. 

Under side dark cinereous, slightly speckled, and paler in hindwing. 

Vertex and base of antenne whitish; thorax and abdomen dark 
gray; face and palpi blackish; tuft of hair from base of furrows in 
male pale ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality. Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male, 2 females, January 
and February, 1904. 

Hindwing of female minutely crenulate and toothed between veins 
3and 7: of male with an indentation between veins 4 and 3. The 
female is uniformly darker than the male. The species comes close to 
A. pusilla Warren, from Dominica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9145, U.S.N.M. 


ANTIPLECTA NIGRIPLETA, new species. 


Forewing.—Grayish flesh-color; the markings almost identical with 
those of the male of A. cénerascens; the base of wing remaining of 
the pale ground-color; the outer edge of fascia more plainly edged 
with paler. 

Hindwing.—With the outer line less strongly curved, the basal 
area within it wholly blackish except along inner margin; the dark 
marks before fringe scarcely traceable. 

Under side of forewing dull gray-brown with dark speckling; of 
hindwing ochreous flesh-color, without speckling. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; the vertex not white; face 
blackish. 

Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male, 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 401 


Forewing more elongate than in cénerascens, the hind margin much 
more oblique; hindwing, even in the male, with the fringe slightly 
toothed; the indentation before the inner marginal furrow much 
deeper. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9146, U.S.N.M. 


ANTIPLECTA TRIANGULARIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale stone-gray, slightly dusted with darker; the lines 
fine, blackish, inner angled outward in midwing, outer angled at veins 
6 and 3, preceded sometimes by a blackish shading; the interval on 
inner margin generally dark, a dark submarginal cloud at costa and 
anal angle; a very fine line from costa before apex to below middle of 
hind margin, with fine dark marks on it; fringe gray with darker mid- 
dle line and with the tips mottled darker. 

Hindwing.—W ith the outer line well curved and preceded by black- 
ish shading; inner line very faint; slight gray submarginal shades and 
very fine marginal line. 

Under side pale gray, darxer in forewing, with some dark dusting. 

Thorax and abdomen pale gray; vertex and shaft of antenne white; 
face black. 

Expanse of wings. —16 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 2 males, 2 females. 

Hindwing of female shouldered at apex and toothed at veins 7, 6, 
and 4; of male indented before furrow, which helow appears to be 
clothed with mealy yellowish scales. 

Forewings, narrow, with oblique hind margin. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9147, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CAPNOPHYLLA Warren. 
CAPNOPHYLLA ALBICEPS, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark chocolate-brown; in the costal half of the wing 
with the pale ground-color showing as slight striz between the brown 
ones; the two lines darker, especially on inner margin; the first 
strongly excurved in middle, the outer outcurved above middle and 
strongly insinuate on submedian fold, projecting bluntly at vein 6 
and prominently again below vein 4; edged with ferruginous; a black 
line with paler edge from before apex to near anal angle, beyond which 
the margin is darker; fringe brown, with two darker lines. 

Hindwing.—Brighter chocolate; inner line dark, waved, marked by 
some white scales above median and a bright, white dot on subcostal 
vein; outer line finely whitish, curved, beyond a deeper shade of 
brown, and followed by some whitish scales toward inner margin; a 
fine, dark marginal line; fringe brown; of inner margin whitish. 

Under side dull gray-brown, with dark transverse speckling. 

Proc. N, M. vol, xxx—06——26 


402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Thorax and abdomen brown; face black; vertex and antenne snow- 

white. iat 
iepanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.-Sio Paulo, southeast Brazil; 1 female. 

Forewing with hind margin simple; hindwing with a long tooth at 
veins 4 and 7, and a short one at 6. Except in the forewing, the 
female is quite unlike the male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9148, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CG: LUROTRICHA, new genus. 


Differs from Ca/ura Warren in the male having the costal vein of 
hindwing above for half the length clothed with a bed of rough scales 
containing a tuft of long hair from base, the costal edge being slightly 
convex. In all other points it agrees with Calura. 

Type.— Celurotricha curvilinea, new species. 


CCGELUROTRICHA CURVILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Bone-color, more or less discolored with dull gray 
strie, which are denser and form dark spots along costa; a large dull 
gray round spot on discocellular; a fine curved outer line from two- 
thirds of costa, oblique inward from cell to inner margin at two-thirds; 
touching this line below subcostal vein is a round, pale fulvous spot 
with dark edges; a submarginal streak of gray strie fringed with 
fulvous, and marked by a small dark spot above vein 6; extreme hind: 
margin fulvous, edged with gray; fringe whitish, with a gray basal line 
running out to the tips at apex. 

Hindwing.—W ith the line postmedian, running from veins 6 to 2, 
the area beyond it, except at apex, heavily striated with gray; some 
scattered strie along inner margin to base; the tuft and bed of hairs 
fuscous-gray. 

Under side of forewing straw-color; the cell spot a broad, bent, outer 
shade; the marginal line and some subapical striz brown; hindwing 
with a few speckles along hind margin. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face and: palpi black-brown. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Chiriqui, Panama; 1 male. 

Type.——Cat. No. 9149, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EPIPLEMA Herrich-Schaeffer. 
EPIPLEMA EXCORIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Gray, with somewhat of a slaty tinge and sparsely black 
speckled costa with short dark striz; lines fine, first at one-third, 
oblique outward from costa, apparently bluntly bent in midwing, then 
oblique inward; outer line at two-thirds, oblique and straight inward; 
in the narrow interval between the lines a blackish blotch between 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 403 


veins 4 and 6; faint traces of a submarginal shade with some black 
dots on veins; a brown crescentic shade before excision with one or 

two black dots, fringe brown, blackish, tipped at the teeth. 

Hindwing.—With both lines brownish, curved parallel to each 
other; some pale bluish white scales toward hind margin. 

Under side slaty gray, darker in forewing, all veins dotted with 
black. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous; face black; fillet narrowly 
white. 

Expanse of wings. —18 mm. 

Localities. —Orizaba, Mexico, 1 male; Cordoba, Meg 1 female. 

Forewing excised between veins 4 and 6, hindwing between 4 and 
7 and again at submedian fold; the excisions and the teeth more prom- 
inent in female than in male. Abdomen of male elongate, with tuft 
of ochreous hairs. ; 


Type.—Cat. No. 9150, U.S.N.M. 


Genus GATHYNIA Walker. 
GATHYNIA CASSATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Grayish buff, paler, more ochreous toward apex; costal 
area for four-fifths. as far as middle of cell, gray with brown freck- 
ling; at four-fifths a lunulate-dentate gray line runs ver tically to vein 

| 6, is there interrupted and bent outward, reaching inner margin at 
three-fourths as an oblique double black line filled in with brown, fol- 
lowed by a pale band before the brown-black anal angle; a line of 
minute black dots between veins before margin; fringe ochreous, 
| mottled with brown and with a pale base. 

| Hindwing.—With apical half above vein 6 and inner area below 
vein 2, pale, straw-color; inner line black, angled on median; outer 
| line also angled on median, bright brown, edged inwardly with black- 
ish and outwardly by a fine lustrous line, followed in upper half by 
a dark shade; a round ochreous cell spot at upper end of discocellular; 
| space between costa and vein 2 irregularly darkened by brown and 
_fuscous scales; beyond outer line some brown scales between 6 and 4, 
, and the interval between 3 and 4 filled up with leaden-black; an olive- 
brown shade, inwardly edged by black lunules, from before upper 
} and below lower tooth; fringe brown, with a pale lustrous line at base. 
Under side of forewing brownish ochreous, with dark speckling and 
‘a black blotch at anal angle; hind margin brownish beyond a pale 
sinuous band; hindwing whitish ochreous, with some gray-brown 
scales in costal tuft at base; fringe brownish around tooth at vein 7. 
Thorax and patagia buff; abdomen ochreous, with a black belt at 
base, and the dorsum fringed with smoky gray; shoulders ochreous- 
gray; head and forelegs dark brown; palpi black. 


404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Expanse of wings.—24 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 female. I have seen another female 
from Huatuxco, Vera Cruz. Near Gathynia dilacerata Guenée. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9151, U.S.N.M. 


GATHYNIA OCHRIPENNIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Ochreous, almost wholly covered with brownish gray, 
only the apex remaining narrowly dull ochreous; costa dotted light 
and dark; at three-fourths a double gray crenulate line can be traced ] 
from costa to cell, interrupted by the brown-gray shading below middle ° | 
and reaching inner margin as an oblique brown streak edged with 
darker, but the edges not parallel as in cassata, followed by a grayish- 
yellow short band; the anal region and extreme hind margin dusky 
gray, with some irregular black spots before it; fringe gray, mottled 
with ochreous. 

Hindwing.—With the same markings as cassata, but the pale 
ground color yellowish ochreous, smeared with gray; a blotch between 
veins 4 and 5 before hind margin; a small spot in cell below the cell 
spot and a blotch on costa before apex are pure yellowish. 

Under side of forewing gray-brown, narrowly ochreous along costa 
and again on inner margin; hindwing yellowish, with gray scales in 
basal tuft on costa and toward apex. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen gray; the basal black belt of abdomen 
very broad; face and foreleg dark brown. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female. 

Much like @. cassata, but quite distinct. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9152, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NEODETA, new genus. 


Forewing.—Elongate; costa straight; apex rounded; hind margin 
oblique, without teeth; inner margin sinuate; a fovea in both sexes 
between submedian and median veins at base. 

Hindwing.—Costa shouldered near base, insinuate in middle; apex 
truncate to end of vein 7, where there is a blunt tooth; margin below 
it straight, rounded before anal angle, prominent. 

Antenne thick, lamellate; palpi short, porrect. 

Neuration.—Forewing, cell half as long as wing, broad; discocellular 
vertical; veins 2 and 3 stalked; 5 from near middle of discocellular; 
6, T stalked;/8, 9 stalked; 10, 11 from cell; hind wing with normal 
neuration; in the male with median nervules hidden. 

Type.— Neodeta ochriplaga, new species. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 405 


NEODETA FASCIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Purplish gray, black speckled; no inner line; outer line 
at three-fourths, vertical from subcostal to vein 1, incurved at each 
end, black and thick, slightly produced inward along the veins, fol- 
lowed by a broad band of pinkish white, thickly filled with gray striz, 
which are darker at each end; marginal area again dark, united base- 
ward by a dark waved line; fringe fuscous, with a pale basal line. 

Hindwing.—With a curved inner and outer black line, the latter 
indented on vein 7; the pale band following much narrower than in 
forewing; the basal area similarly pale; the dark marginal area with 
a triangulate black streak from costa before apex. 

Under side of forewing dark fuscous, of hindwing pale gray, with 
darker striation. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen, fuscous-gray; the abdomen with black- 
ish bands corresponding to the dark lines of hindwing; face and palpi 
black. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, November, 
1904; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9153, U.S.N.M. 


NEODETA NANA, new species. 


Forewing.—Smoky purplish black, with indications of a thick inner 
line on inner margin; a fairly distinct outer line at three-fourths, 
strongly outcurved in upper half and on inner margin parallel to inner 
line; a dark shade before hind margin. 

Hindwing.--With dark curved outer line, faintly edged with ful- 
yous. 

Under side dark fuscous. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen all dark fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 

1904. 
\ Type.—Cat. No. 9154, U.S.N.M. 


NEODETA OCHRIPLAGA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull dark fuseous, without markings, except a short 
‘streak from before apex along hind margin consisting of three black 
-angulate marks. 

Hindwing.—Dark brown, with a narrow curved central fascia, edged 
inwardly by a simple curved darker line, and outwardly minutely 

crenulate; it is preceded and followed by a paler shade mixed with 
ochreous scales, which swell out into a blotch on costa before apex 
before a triangulate black line, the furrow white. 


RA 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Under side of forewing dull fuscous, of hindwing whitish gray with 
dark speckling. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen all dark fuscous; anal tuft ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—19 mm. 

Locality.—Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9155, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NOTOPTYA, new genus. 


Characterized by the structure of the hindwing in the male. The 
hind margin at vein 2 runs up basewards parallel to costa for one-third; 
the shortened inner margin is amplified with a wide lobe which meets 
the corresponding lobe and covers the dorsum;the hind margin is 
indented beyond cell; anal segment armed laterally with two broadly 
rounded flaps. In forewing vein 5 rises from near the upper angle of 
cell, 6, 7 are stalked, as in Hpiplema. 

Type.—Notoptya fuscularia, new species. 


NOTOPTYA FUSCULARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull fawn-color, with scattered dark scaling; the lines 
fine, dark; inner line indistinct, angled outward on median vein; outer 
line from two-thirds of costa, vertical to middle, then inwardly oblique, 
parallel to inner line below, narrowly edged with paler; marginal 
third paler, with a dark cloud at anal angle; a row of four black spots 
from below apex to below middle of hind margin, the extreme margin 
beyond them darker, fringe concolorous, with a fine pale line at base. 

[Tindwing.—W ith curved outer line and traces of an inner line; two 
minute dark spots before the teeth; fringe darker. 

Under side like upper, but darker in forewing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face and vertex concolorous. 

Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 


Locality. —Sio Paulo, southeast Brazil; 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9156, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SICULODOPSIS Warren. 
SICULODOPSIS DUBIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dingy pale gray, freckled with darker; the costa, apex, 
and hind margin diffusely darker; a brown cell spotand a very indistinet 
outer shade at three-fourths; fringe dark gray. 

Hindwing.—W ith cell spot, and traces of a gray curved submarginal 
line, under side of forewing dull dark gray with large cell spot; of hind- 
wing whitish gray with a few speckles. 

Thorax and abdomen gray; head wanting. 

Eixpanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Kcuador; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9157, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 407 


SICULODOPSIS GRACILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale fawn-gray, sprinkled with irregular faint brown 
striew; the lines slender, brown; first only visible below subcostal vein, 
oblique inward, interrupted and wavy, at one-third; outer line from 
middle of costa oblique outward to vein 7, then oblique and straight 
inward; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—-W ith the outer line alone distinct, the costal area paler. 

Under side pale stone-gray, with short transverse strive between veins. 

Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings; head, shoulders, and 
patagia pale yellowish; palpi above dark brown, below pale. 

Kxpanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Peru; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9158, U.S.N.M. 


Family GEOMETRIDZ. 


Subfamily QHNOCHROMIN 2. 


Genus DOLICHONEURA Warren. 
DOLICHONEURA NIGRINOTATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale lilac-gray, sparsely dusted with blackish scales; a 
large black cell spot; outer line commences as an oblique black streak 
from costa at two-thirds, which at vein 6 is angled and runs irregularly 
lunulate-dentate to two-thirds of inner margin; it is closely followed 
throughout by a dark or waved band rising on costa before apex, and 
between veins 3 and 4 is preceded by a brown blotch; submarginal 
line waved, pale, followed by a darker shade; fringe brown, preceded 
in the male by three or four black marginal dots below apex, in the 
female by a sinuous black line as far as vein 5; in both sexes there are 
traces of a waved inner line at one-fourth. 

‘Hindwing.—Similar; the basal line distinct, the marginal area 
broader. 

Under side uniform pale gray, darker in the female. 

Face, collar, and palpi black; thorax and abdomen gray like wings; 
forelegs in front blackish. 

Kixpanse of wings.—Male, 40 mm.; female, 38 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9159, U.S.N.M. 


Genus OBELOPTERYX, new genus. 


Forewing.—Three times as long as wide; costa straight; curving 
before apex; hind margin very oblique. 

fHindwing.—Narrow, hind margin curved; apex rounded; inner 
margin short; hind margin slightly indented before anal angle. 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Antenne of female pubescent, the segments slightly angled; palpi 
upcurved in front of face, rough-haired beneath; tongue and frenulum 
present. 

Neuration.—Forewing; cell longer than half of wing; discocellular 
slightly inangled at middle; first median nervule at seven-eighths; sec- 
ond close before third; radials normal; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10 and 11 from 
cell; 10 anastomosing with 11, and again with 8, 9; hindwing, costal 
approximating to subcostal for half of cell; 6, 7 stalked; radial from 
center of discocellular; medians at even distance from each other. 

Type.— Obelopteryx angusta, new species. 

The genus would.seem to be analogous to Zrannis, but the wings of 
the female are fully developed. 


OBELOPTERYX ANGUSTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Brownish gray, with a reddish tinge, lines starting from 
dark costal streaks, at first oblique outwards, then waved; first at one- 
third; median before dark cell spot; outer at three-fourths, acutely 
angled on vein 6, then parallel to hind margin, approaching middle 
line on inner margin; submarginal line pale, between two reddish 
shades, plainest below near inner margin, a slight marginal line inter- 
rupted at the veins; fringe pale, checkered with dark. 

Hindwing.—W ithout inner line; the rest all oblique and parallel. 

Under side paler, with the lines indicated. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face pale gray. 

Expanse of wings.—28 mm. 

Locality.—Peru; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9160, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PYCNONEURA Warren. 
PYCNONEURA RECTILINEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male brownish slate-color, sprinkled in parts with 
bluish white scales, especially along costa and hind margin; lines thick, 
dull chocolate-brown; first from one-fourth of costa to one-fourth of 
inner margin; projecting in cell toward the black cell spot, then 
oblique inwards; outer line from two-thirds of costa oblique outward 
to vein 6, there right angled and straight to three-fifths of inner mar- 
gin; both lines edged on each side with bluish white scales; submar- 
ginal line irregularly dentate, formed of bluish white scales; marginal 
line and fringe dark; some black marginal spots below apex. 

Hindwing.—W ith the lines basal and central; the submarginal well 
marked, strongly zigzag; the whole wing more densely sprinkled with 
bluish white scales, especially along outer and inner margins. 

Under side uniform dull brownish slate-color. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face and palpi black; 
shoulders sprinkled with gray; dorsum with white triangles on first 


four segments behind. ; 


; 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 409 


Expanse of wings.—46 mm. 
Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9161, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily CY LULOPODIN 2. 
Genus ATYRIA Felder. 
ATYRIA CRUCIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Black, with two large yellow blotches; one along sub- 
median vein from near base to two-thirds, its upper edge uniformly 
rounded, touching median vein; the other an elongated oval, its sum- 
mit straight and oblique, its outer edge well curved, from costal vein 
to vein 2; fringe black. 

Hindwing.— Yellow, with black margins, that along costa broadest, 
narrowed on hind margin, and running up to a point at base of inner 
margin; from the costal margin which extends over the basal half of 
cell a black streak runs along vein 2 to the hind margin, broad at end 
of cell with a diffuse fork on vein 1. 

Under side the same, but the black duller. 

Head and thorax black; the abdomen ochreous, with a narrow pale 
lateral stripe; legs cinereous. 

Eixpanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality.—Bolivia; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9162, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CACOLYCES, new genus. 


Like Zyces in shape of wing, but differing in neuration and in the 
antenne; the cell is less than half as long as wing; the discocellular 
with the short upper third vertical, the lower two-thirds very oblique; 
the two radials, swollen at their origin, close together from the upper 
arm; veins 3 and 4 from end of cell; 10, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 11 free; hind- 
wing with discocellular triangulate, the radial from the outward lower 
angulation; veins 3, 4 close together from the lower end of cell; 6, 7 
stalked. ‘The pectinations of the antenne of the male are fine, short, 
_ and regular. 

_ _Type.— Cacolyces playgifera Walker (Lyces). 


Genus CYLLOPODA Dalman. 
CYLLOPODA BIPUNCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Black, with two yellow blotches, the first, from base 
between the median and submedian veins, reaching about two-thirds, 
its end rounded at top and hardly oblique; the other long and irregu- 
lar from below costa’ beyond middle to vein 1; fringe black, with the 
, apical tips white. 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Hindwing.—Yellow; the inner margin narrowly black; the hind 
margin more broadly, increasing in breadth to before apex, where it is 
squarely cut off; a black spot at extreme base of wing and another at 
the upper end of the discocellular. 

Under side the same. 

Face, shoulders, and patagia at base, yellow; vertex and thorax, 
black; abdomen, dark cinereous above, with a yellow lateral stripe, 
underneath silvery white; legs, white, externally fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—85 mm. 

Locality.—Peru; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9163, U.S.N.M. 


CYLLOPODA RADIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Purplish black, with two large pale yellow blotches, 
one wedged-shaped, from base between median vein and submedian, 
the bluntly rounded end on the submedian fold at two-thirds, with a 
short yellow streak above it at middle of cell; the other a large oval, 
from costal vein at two-thirds to vein 2 near hind margin, its outer 
edge more curved and slightly waved from vein to vein. 

Hindwing.—Yellow, with the hind inner margin black, the border 
beginning on costa before apex and gradually narrowing to a point at 
base of inner margin; a diffusely edged streak running from base of 
cell along median vein and vein 2 to the margin. 

Under side with the yellow space broader; the hindwing without the 
streak from base, and the border stopping short at anal angle. 

Head and thorax, purplish black; dorsum, dull cinereous; the abdo- 
men long, with anal parts yellowish; abdomen below, white; pectus 
and legs, yellow. 

Expanse of wings.—46 mm. 

Locality.—Nova Friburgo, Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9164, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DIALEPHTIS Felder. 
DIALEPHTIS CELATA, new species. 


Forewing. —Brown, darker toward base of costa and toward hind 
margin, where the inner side is black; the veins dull ochreous; a small 
dull orange spot below costa between veins 10 and 11; fringe, dark 
brown. 

Hindwing.—Orange, with a black marginal border, commencing at 
a point on costa at two-thirds and widening outwards, broadest along 
lower half of hind margin, and ending in a point on inner margin 
above anal angle; the base dusted with dark. 

Under side of forewing orange, with a black-brown basal blotch on 
costa reaching two-thirds of cell and there right angled, the costal and 


ti 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 411 


subcostal veins paler across it at base; a broad brown border, starting 
obliquely from beyond middle of costa, narrowing along inner margin; 
hindwing as above. | 

Palpi and face orange below, black above; vertex blackish; collar 
and base of shoulders orange; thorax and abdomen cinereous; dorsal 
and lateral streaks dull orange; abdomen beneath whitish. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality.—Cajon, Peru; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9165, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EPHIALTIAS Hibner. 
EPHIALTIAS MORENA, new species. 


Forewing.—Black-brown, with the veins showing paler; a narrow 
straight chrome-yellow band from costal vein beyond middle to vein 1, 
just before anal angle; its outer edge a little outcurved below middle 
and incurved to meet lower end of inner edge; fringe black-brown. 

Hindwing.—Black, with a broad chrome-yellow central band from 
middie of inner margin, which is narrowly black, to one-third from 
apex, touching above the stalk of veins 6, 7. 

Under side the same, the yellow areas broader. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen above and below black. 

Exxpanse of wings.—44 mm. 

Locality. —Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9166, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EUCHONTHA Walker. 
EUCHONTHA CASTRONA, new species. 


Forewing.— Brown-black, with a bell-shaped white blotch beyond 
discocellular, the rounded end basewards, the two radials marked dark 
on it at their origin; fringe black. 

Hindwing. —Wholly black. 

Under side of forewing brown-gray, with all the veins black along 
costa and at apex; the rest of the wing smoky black, with the white 
blotch in the middle; hindwing pale gray, with all veins black and traces 
of an outer cloud. 

Thorax and abdomen smoky black; patagia with a yellow and white 
streak from base; thorax with a pale central line; antenne black; face 
and vertex pale yellow; abdomen beneath white. 

Expanse of wings.—88 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9167, U.S.N.M. 


412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus POLYPCG@TES Druce. 
POLYPCE:TES ANIPLATA, new species. 


Differs both from P. obtusa Walker and P. rufipuncta Schaus in the 
white space of forewing beyond the cell being much larger and clearer 
white, forming an oblong patch reaching halfway from cell to hind 
margin; in the hindwing, while the inner margin is broadly black as in 
rufipuncta, it shows traces of snowy white between the veins; on the 
under side the whole hindwing is white with a black border round the 
hind margin, beginning narrowly at two-thirds of costa and ending at 
anal angle, its inner edge with an acute indentation below vein 3. 

Expanse of wings.—34 mm, 

Locality.—Bolivia; 1 female. Can this be the female of rufipuncta 
Schaus ¢ 


Type. 


Cat. No. 9168, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCEA Walker. 
SCEA OBLIQUARIA, new species. 


Superficially very much like S. auriflamma Hibner, but both wings 
are narrower and longer; in the forewing the edge of the dark apical 
area runs oblique and straight, not curved, from two-thirds of costa to 
above anal angle, and the inner margin is more evenly black. 

Expanse of wings.—29 min. 

Locality. —Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9169, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCOTURA Walker. 
SCOTURA DISCOLOR, new species. 


Differs from S. flavicapilla Hiibner in having darker cross lines 
minutely lunulate between the veins, inner, postmedian and submargi- 
nal; similar lines but more distinct are seen in S. nervosa Butler, but 
that species has the head unicolorous, whereas in déscolor it is yellow 
as in flavicapilla. 

Kxpanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locality.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9170, U.S.N.M. 


SCOTURA NIGRATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male blackish, the veins paler; fringe concolorous. ) 

Hindwing.—Black, with an elongated pale space from base along 
cell and median nervules to two-thirds of wing, covered with gray 
hairs. 


aj 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 413 


In the female the discocellular is black, with a faintly pale and 
roundish space beyond its lower end, corresponding to the extremity) 
of the pale central space of hindwing. 

Under side pale, more slaty black; the white central area of hind- 
wing more developed and without gray hairs. 

Vertex, head, palpi, and pectus orange; thorax and abdomen like 
wings. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 26 mm.; female, 30 mm. 

Localities. —St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 
1904; Rockstone, Essequibo, British Guiana; 1 female, September, 
1904. 

Type. 


Cat. No. 9171, U.S.N.M. 


Genus STENOPLASTIS Felder. 
STENOPLASTIS TRANSVERSA, new species. 


Forewing.—Black, with the veins pale; a broad transverse yellow 
band from costa somewhat before middle to inner margin beyond 
middle; fringe black. 

Hindwing.—Black; the costa pale from base, ending in a small yel- 
low blotch representing the end of the band of forewing. 

Under side grayer black; the yellow paler and more extensive. 

Head, palpi, and corslet yellow; thorax and abdomen blackis:: cine- 
reous; tips of palpi black; under side of abdomen and legs pale gray. 

Expanse of wings.—27 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9172, U.S.N.M. 


Genus XENOMIGIA, new genus. 


Forewing.—Costa and hind margin both slightly curved; apex 
| rounded. 

|  Lindwing.—Ample, wider than forewing and nearly as long; both 
|; angles and the hind margin rounded. 

| Antenne of male tuberculate beneath, each tubercle armed on each 
side with paired fascicles of cilia, each ending in free cilia; palpi rough, 
upcurved in front of face; terminal segment obscure; face narrow, the 
eyes being large; tongue and frenulum well developed; hind legs 
| broken. 7 
Neuration.—F¥orewing, cell longer than half of wing; discocellular 
| short, vertical; the subcostal vein abruptly bent down at end; first 
median nervule at two-thirds, second at five-sixths; radials close 
' together, the upper from the end of the depressed subcostal; veins 
| 10, 9, 8, 7 stalked from the bend, 10 very shortly stalked; 9 rising 
| before the fork of. 8, 7, instead of 7 rising before the fork of 8, 9; 11 
sEree. 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Hindwing.—Costal approximated to subcostal; veins 6, 7 stalked; 
discocellular triangulate, the radial from the outer angulation; medians 
as in forewing; scaling fine and hairlike; wings toward base semi- 
transparent. 

Type.—Xenomigia veninotata, new species. 


XENOMIGIA VENINOTATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Olive-ochreous; the markings blackish, at the veins 
pale; the base of veins 2, 3, 4 swollen, cream-white; a cloudy blackish 
spot on costa close to base; a short curved somewhat dentate streak at 
two-fifths, an oblique dark mark in middle of cell, and a blackish 
blotch above inner margin at one-third, followed by a cream-colored 
spot between submedian fold and vein; a blackish dentate streak from 
costa at two-thirds, curved inwards below middle, touching the pale 
bases of the median nervules and ending in a large cloudy blotch at 
middle of inner margin; a submarginal dentate-edged black shade, 
followed by an irregular band of cream-color, which runs inwards 
above veins 2 and 4, interrupting the black shade, edged externally 
by another black shade interrupted at each pale vein; thick marginal 
dashes between the veins; fringe pale ochreous. 

Hindwing.—Dull olive-gray; towards base thinly scaled and semi- 
transparent; fringe pale. 

Under side of both wings like upper side of hindwing; fringes pale 
ochreous. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-gray; palpi darker; legs dark 
olive-gray. 

Expanse of wings.—87 mm. 

Locality..—Colombia; 1 male. 

The forewings of the unique specimen are both somewhat rubbed at 
base, and the description thereof necessarily incomplete in detail. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9178, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily GHOME:TRIN. 


Genus ANOPHYLLA. Warren. 
ANOPHYLLA OBELISCATA, new species.: 


Forewing.—With the central area above submedian vein and the 
costal area above subcostal green; all the rest cream-white with an 
iridescent pink tinge and sprinkled with purplish scales in places; a 
pear-shaped pale blotch occupies the base of cell and submedian inter- 
val; the pale marginal border is traversed by two parallel waved 
bands; the inner narrow and purplish, the outer broader and more 
brownish; the outer edge of the green central area projects squarely 
into the pale border between veins 3 and 4; on the discocellular is a 
broad pale lunule, the lower end of which is prolonged bar-like between 


No, 1456. NEW GEJMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 415 


veins 4 and 5 to touch the pale border, its center bearing a line of rose- 
colored scales; a fine interrupted purplish brown marginal line; fringe 
cream-colored. 

Hindwing.—With the green area still more restricted, not reaching 
above subcostal vein, the pale basal patch much larger; discocellular 
with an oval white spot at top joined by a fine curved line to another 
below, from which the pointed streak runs to the border. 

Under side iridescent white, with the dark and light shades showing 
through. 

Palpi above and front of forelegs reddish brown; face greenishabove, 
paler below; vertex white; shoulders, thorax, and base of patagia 
green; tips of patagia purplish; abdomen greenish at base, becoming 
whitish toward anal segment, the dorsal crests reddish. 

Exxpanse of wings.—Male, 50 mm. 

Locality.—Omai, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9174, U.S.N.M. 


Genus COMIBAZINA Hiibner. 


COMIBAENA FLAVICOMA, new species. 


Forewing.—Grass-green, without markings, except a gray patch on 
inner margin, before middle below vein 1; cell spot black; fringe 
greenish yellow. 

[Tindwing.—Green, with a large primrose basal patch, edged by a 


| thick black line, angled on vein 6 and again on 4, then incurved and 


| purplish, followed by a rusty line, which is only clearly separate above 
/ 6 and below 4; the extreme base and inner margin narrowly green; 

») : 9 
| fringe pale green. 


Under side paler, yellow-green; costa of forewing yellow; inner 
margin of forewing, costa of hindwing, and the basal patch whitish. 

Face and vertex snow-white; thorax and abdomen green, abdomen 
beneath, and legs white; antennze white, yellowish beneath. 

Expanse of wings. —19 mm. 

Locality.—Surinam River, Dutch Guiana; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9175, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DRUCIA Warren. 
DRUCIA EXCRESCENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Very pale, greenish, semihyaline; the markings deep 


_brick-red, with darker red-brown striz; a small diffusely edged patch 
\!at base, followed by an oblique oval blotch from median vein to inner 


/margin; outer half of wing brick-red, its inner edge lunulate between 
| the veins, containing a sinus of pale ground-color between 3 and 4, 
which curves downward at its extremity nearly. to vein 2; fringe 


| 
. 
| 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


yellow, with red checkering beyond veins; costa yellowish; cell spot 
minute, red. | 

Hindwing.—With the red margin narrower; its inner edge exca- 
vated beyond cell and the lower sinus broader and rounder; the anal 
blotch connected along inner margin with a semicircular red blotch 
before middle; base slightly red. 

Under side irridescent yellowish green, the red markings showing 
through strongly. 

Head, thorax, and dorsum all deep red, the crests metallic; vertex 
white; abdomen beneath and legs greenish ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 24 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Closely allied to ). jaspidata Warren, differing in the basal mark- 
ings of both wings. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9176, U.S.N.M. 
DRUCIA QUINQUEMACULATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale yellowish green; the costal edge white; cell spot 
small, red-brown; a large brown blotch at apex reaching to below vein 
4, a smaller rounded one at anal angle; both blotches densely striated 
with fuscous internally, their marginal areas flesh-color; an interrupted 
dark brown marginal line; fringe worn. 

TTindwing.—With the apical blotch narrower, reaching only to vein 
4; the anal blotch connected along inner margin with a long semi- 
oval blotch from base, 

Under side pale green, with both apical blotches and the anal blotch 
of forewing marked. 

Face, palpi, forelegs, thorax, and abdomen brown; vertex white; 
shoulders green (probably the patagia, also); dorsal tufts dark brown. 

Expanse of wings.—Female, 36 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Hind margin of forewing bent at middle, oblique below; of hind- 
wing slightly toothed at 4 and 6, excised between. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9177, U.S.N.M. 


DRUCIA SEMISPURCATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale green, freckled toward base with olive-gray, and 
in the outer half more densely with olive-fuscous partially confluent 
strie; costal edge white; costal area at base olive-gray; a dark cell 
spot; on hind margin in and beyond the cell and sometimes extending 
to apex is a patch of unspeckled gieen; fringe whitish. 

HTindwing.-With basal third uaspeckled green; outer two-thirds 
more densely covered with fuscous mottling, especially along inner 
margin and at anal angle; cell spot fuscous; fringe whitish. 

Under side dull pale green, the darker speckling showing through. 


aj 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. A417 


Face, palpi, and dorsum olive-green; vertex and antenne white; 
thorax and base of abdomen green; dorsal tufts (worn) dark fuscous; 
abdomen below and legs whitish green. 

EKxpanse of wings.—Female, 37 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Forewing with hind margin below vein 3 very oblique; hindwing 
distinctly elbowed at vein 4 and slightly excised between 4 and 6. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9178, U.S.N.M. 


Genus GELASMA Warren. 
GELASMA SUBRUFESCENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull grayish green; costa yellow with purple specks, 
lines whitish, marked by whitish spots on veins (in the larger of the 
two females the outer line is continuous and waved) at one-third and 
two-thirds; marginal line distinct, purplish, interrupted by yellow 
dots on veins; fringe yellowish, checkered broadly with purplish 
gray; cell spot hardly marked, darker green. 

Hindwing.—W ithout first line. 

Under side of forewing dull gray; the costa and fringe yellowish; 
of hindwing yellowish green with a rosy blotch at apex; the male is 
less rosy than the female. 

Face, palpi, and antenne brownish red; vertex whitish; thorax and 
abdomen dull green, the latter with reddish scales along dorsum. 

Expanse of wings.—17 to 20 mm. 

Localities. —One male and 2 females from St. Jean and St. Laurent, 
Maroni River, French Guiana; the female from St. Laurent larger 
than the other pair. 

Exceedinely like G. hemethearia Warren from South Brazil, but 
distinguished by the red under side, besides which the neuration is 
different;-in the present species veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and IL1 are all 
stalked together; in hemethearia 11 is separate. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9179, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MELOCHLORA Warren. 


MELOCHLORA AFFINIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep green; costa with sparse fuscous dots; lines olive- 
color, straight; the outer parallel to hind margin; the inner more 
obscure, hardly marked above median vein; a small black cell spot; 
a red-brown blotch of confluent striw# from anal angle to vein 4, with 
a small blotch above it below vein 6; a black marginal line from anal 
angle to above vein 2 and a black spot at apex; fringe green, blackish 
at apex and anal angle. 

Hindwing.—With broad median olive line, faintly edged outwardly 
with paler; a small dark cell spot; a few reddish striz toward apex; a 


+ 


Proce. N. M. vol. xxx—06 27 


418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXX. 


marginal black line from apex and dark marginal spots between veins 
above middle; fringe black at apex, green below; the dark fasciz of 
the under side show through. 

Under side pale green, especially in hindwings; a dull black sub- 
marginal fascia from vein 6 broadened at anal angle and continued 
equally broad across hindwing from apex to vein 1 above anal angle; 
hindwing with antemedian black fascia not reaching either margin. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen green, the last with small white dorsal 
points; palpi ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 33 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Very close to JZ. nets Druce (Tachyphyle) from Mexico, the chief 
difference being the absence on the under side of forewing of the dark 
blotch along inner margin; the hindwing above is also less thickly 
striated. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9180, U.S.N.M. 


MELOCHLORA GENUFLEXA, new species. 


Forewing.— Dull green, with faint fuscous striation, chiefly in the 
marginal area; lines dull fuscous; first curved from one-fourth of costa 
to one-third of inner margin, green and obscure above median; outer 
from three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, bent parallel 
to- hind margin, elbowed outwardly on vein 3 and inwardly on sub- 
median fold; space between the lines on inner margin somewhat 
darker; a small black cell spot; fringe green. 

Hindwing.—W ith the dark basal shade of the under side showing 
through before the black cell spot; outer line as in forewing, but more 
curved, 

Under side pale green, glossy; forewing with a black lunate-edged 
submarginal fascia from vein 6 to anal angle, appearing on hindwing 
as a costal blotch before apex; a curved dark fascia near base from 
subcostal of hindwing to inner margin. 

Face, thorax, and base of abdomen green; palpi greenish white; 
vertex white; anal segments of abdomen tinged with gray. 

Expanse of wings.—Female, 32 mm. 

Locality. —St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

The elbow of hind margin scarcely perceptible. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9181, U.S.N.M. 


MELOCHLORA HYDATODES, new species. 


Forewing.—Bright pale green along costa and hind margin to anal 
angle; a greenish white semihyaline space extending to middle of wing 
from the middle of costa, its lowest point white and occupying the 
space between the base of veins 3 and 4; all the rest of the wing suf- 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 419 


fused with leaden-purple; at two- thirds on inner margin a darker line 
is visible as far as the base of veins 3 and 4, and another parallel just 
beyond it; costa creamy-white; fringe broad and silky, whitish green, 
dark at anal angle. 

Mindwing. Wholly leaden-purple except a bright green strip along 
hind margin from apex to anal angle; a distinct black cell spot; fringe 
greenish white throughout. 

Under side smoky blackish, the pale green spaces of the upper side 
all pale ochreous, with a faint greenish tinge. 

Face and palpi ochreous (perhaps faded); vertex and shaft of 
antenne white; thorax green; abdomen ochreous tinged with green. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 24 mm. 

Locality. —St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

The long, silky fringe, as well as ihe blunter angle of the hindwing, 
will distinguish this species from JZ. obnubilata, to which it bears : 
curious resemblance. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9182, U.S.N.M. 


MELOCHLORA OBNUBILATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Bright green along costal and hind margins, with a paler 
green area reaching to median vein between the two lines; the rest of 
the wings suffused with dull fuscous-olive; the lines dark and thick; 
outer line at three-fifths, parallel to hind margin, followed by a leaden- 
gray tinge, inner line curved, obscure above middle; cell spot small, 
dark; a dark spot in submedian interval toward anal angle; fringe pale 
green above middle; darker helow, with a black apical dot. 

Hindwing.—W holly suffused with fuscous-olive except the hind- 
margin below middle; a dark line just beyond middle edged with 
plumbeous; cell spot larger, blackish; fringe pale green below middle, 
darker above. 

Under side pale green with the dark areas dull blackish. 

Head, shoulders, and patagia bright green; abdomen duller green; 
under side of abdomen, legs, and palpi pale ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 27 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

The angle at middle of hindwing and the bulge in forewing strongly 
marked. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9183, U.S.N.M. 

MELOCHLORA VAGILINEA, new species. 
| Forewing.—Pale green, with very spare red-brown strive; from 
| three-fifths of inner margin a thick red-brown roughly lunulate-dentate 
| line runs parallel to hind margin to vein 6, indicated by a dot only on 
vein 7, the marginal area beyond it, as far as vein 6, filled up with dull 
dark brown, slightly paler, more reddish in the middle; fringe and 


s . 


420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU, xs. 


apical spot brown; a minute dark cell dot; inner line indicated by a 
few red scales; costa dotted with dark green. 

Hindwing.—With the outer line distinctly lunulate-dentate, dark 
brown near costa, reddish below; only the apical portion of outer area 
dark brown, the rest striated with reddish; fringe black-brown above 
middle, green below. 

Under side paler, the hindwing and inner margin of fone whitish 
green; the dark marginal area blacker; both wings with an inner round 
dark blotch in submedian space, the hindwing with a second in cell, 
forming an incomplete band. 

Face olive; palpi pale green, externally fuscous; vertex white; back 
of crown, thorax, and abdomen green, the last with white dorsal dots. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 36 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.-—Cat. No. 9184, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MIANTONOTA Warren. 
MIANTONOTA RECTILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Uniform pale green; the costal edge white; a small 
dark cell spot; a straight white outer line at two-thirds, parallel to 
hind margin; fringe yellowish white, with a slight red spot at apex 
and anal angle. 

ITindwing.—W ith the line slightly bent on vein 3. 

Under side whitish green. 

Face and palpi red; fillet and antenne white; vertex, thorax, and 
abdomen green; dorsum with a large deep purplish black spot on see- 
ond and fifth segments; anal segments, under side and legs whitish. 

Kixrpanse of wings.—Female, 35 mm. ; 

Locality.— Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9185, U.S.N 


Genus OOSPILA Warren. 
OOSPILA SELLIFERA, new species. 


Forewing.—Semihyaline green; hind margin irregularly dull pur- 
plish. This border begins narrowly at the apex, forms a small lunule 
above vein 6 and a larger projecting one on vein 5, narrowing from 4 
to below vein 3, then running in for half the wing, rounded below cell 
spot and vertical to inner margin; .fringe purplish (worn); cell spot 
small, dark. 

Hindwing.—With the marginal border broader at apex, forming a 
distinct sinus outward below vein 4; cell spot dark at base of discocel- 
lular, with a silvery white spot at upper end. 

Under side pale iridescent green, the dark margin showing through. 


No, 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 491 


Face, basal joint of antennz, and palpi above purplish; vertex and 
antennal shaft white; thorax and abdomen pale dull green; the dorsum 
tinged with purplish and with five purple crests. 

Kipanse of wings.—s80 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
1904. 

Nearest to Oospila congener Warren, from Rio Demerara; but that 
species has the marginal border entirely interrupted below middle of 
wing. . 


Type. 


Cat. No. 9186, U.S.N.M. 


Genus RACHEOLOPHA Warren. 
RACHEOLOPHA CARNELUNATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Sea-green; costal edge yellowish; cell spot brown; veins 
toward hind margin dark; marginal line black, preceded above middle 
by three pinkish white horseshoe-shaped blotches; a large one between 
veins 4 and 6, a smaller one between 6 and 7, and a minute one above 7; 
a still larger flattened blotch at analangle. All these blotches are edged 
with dull purplish and connected by a similar purplish line running 
close to margin between veins 1 and 4; the veins through the blotches 
are also purple; fringe whitish, checkered with purplish beyond veins. 

Hindwing.—Similar; the cell spot white at the tip end of the 
discocellular. 

Under side pale iridescent green, marginal Jines and fringe as above. 

Face, palpi, and dorsal crests purplish; vertex and shaft of antenn 
white; the pectinations rufous; thorax and base of abdomen green; 
anal segments, under side, and legs whitish; forelegs reddish in front. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 26 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9187, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA CCERULEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Blue-green; costa deep yellow; a row of fine purplish 
marginal dashes between veins; fringe ochreous checkered with pink. 

ITindwings.—Similar, with a small discal white spot. 

Under side whitish green; costa of forewing yellowish. 

Face, palpi, and front of forelegs deep red; vertex white; thorax 
and abdomen blue-green; the tufts metallic brown; anal segments and 
) under side of abdomen and the legs whitish ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 25 mm. 
Locality.—Omai, British Guiana. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9188, U.S.N.M. 


499, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


RACHEOLOPHA CONFLUARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Sea-green; costa yellowish, strigulated at middle with 
reddish; a distinct reddish cell spot; an interrupted black marginal 
line, preceded by a continuous lunulate-edged border, filled up with 
dull brick-red and speckled with blackish, the blotch between 4 and 6 
only slightly larger than those above it, connected by a broader and 
shorter space with the rounded blotch of anal angle; fringe brick-red, 
checkered with dark beyond veins. | 

Hindwing.—Similar; a white spot at top of discocellular andasmall | 
black one below middle. 

Under side iridescent whitish green; marginal line and fringe as 
above; costa of forewing yellow; apex of hindwing narrowly fuscous. 

Face and palpi red; vertex and antenne white; thorax and dorsum 
green; dorsal tufts metallic brown, lined on each side with pink; anal 
segments, abdomen below, and legs, pale ochreous; forelegs reddish in 


front. 
Expanse of wings.—Male, 28 mm. 
Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 
Very much like 2. carnelunata, but the hindwing is bent at vein 4. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9189, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA CONTINUATA, new species. 


Forewing.—V ery pale green; semitransparent; costa whitish, with 
brown specks; cell spot minute, blackish; a broad dull red marginal 
border, nearly reaching middle of inner margin, projecting squarely 
between 4 and 6, with a rounded sinus of ground-color between 4 and 
3; this border is striated with dark brown, edged with darker inter- 
nally and along outer margin, especially toward apex shows traces of 
the green ground-color., 

Hindwing.-—Similar, but the apical patch larger and blacker, and 
the anal patch is connected along inner margin by a narrower brown 
streak with a semicircular brown patch not reaching base, where there 
is a distinct red spot. 

Under side yellowish green, with the border showirg purplish on 
forewing and blackish at apex of hindwing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen, red-brown; vertex white; shoulders 
and base of patagia green; dorsal crests metallic red; abdomen below 
and legs greenish white. 

Expanse of wings.—Female, 23 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9190, U.S.N.M. . 


RACHEOLOPHA DERASA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale gray-green with slight bluish tinge; costal edge 
yellow; cell spot minute; an interrupted black marginal festoon, pre- 


4 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 493 


ceded at anal angle by a small patch of reddish fuscous scales; fringe 
white, checkered with red and black beyond veins. 

Hindwing.—TVhe same; the cell spot white at tip of discocellular. 

Under side pale iridescent green; fringe and marginal line as above. 

Face, palpi, and forelegs, red-brown; vertex white; thorax and 
abdomen green, the tufts metallic brown; abdomen beneath, the anal 
segments, and the legs, whitish. 

Expanse of wings.— Male, 26 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9191, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA RUBESCENS, new species. 


Forewing.— Dark sea-green; the costa distinctly yellow; marginal 
border flesh-colored with a few dark striations edged with purplish, 
the edge starting from below three-fourths of costa, forming a vertical 
curve to vein 6, then a long sinuate curve to below vein 2 near outer 
margin, then another sinuate curve backward touching cell spot 
beneath and ending vertically at one-third from base of inner margin; 
the border thus forming a large subquadrate apical patch and an elon- 
gated one on inner margin, connected with each other by a narrow, 
more striated neck between 2 and 4; cell spot black, erect; a purplish 
marginal line; fringe flesh-colored checkered with purplish. 

Hindwing.—With the apical patch elongate and the anal patch 
much shorter, the neck between them stained with purplish; a narrow 
streak of flesh-color on inner margin in basal half connected by a 
purplish line with the anal patch. 

Under side yellow-green, the patches showing through; marginal 
line and fringe as above. 

Face, palpi, and forelegs deep red; metathorax and dorsum flesh- 
colored, the crests metallic red-brown; vertex white; shoulders, patagia, 
and thorax green; anal segments of abdomen, the under side and legs 
ochreous. 

Eixpanse of wings.—Male, 22 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9192, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA EXTENSATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Y ellowish green, the costal edge dull yellowish; a minute 
dark cell spot; a red-brown marginal border extending from apex to 
anal angle, swollen between 4 and 6, and from 3 to inner margin, with 
lunulate darker edges between the veins, except between 3 and 4, 
where the edge is straight; a dark marginal line; fringe yellow, with 
fine checkering of reddish beyond the veins. 

Hindwing.—With the border broad at apex and anal angle, the 
‘ edge somewhat abruptly angulated; inner margin green. 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL- MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Under side dull yellowish green; the marginal border dark fuscous; 
a dark fuscous patch at base of costa of forewing. 
Thorax and abdomen green, the dorsal crests red-brown. 
wxpanse of wings.—Male, 17 mm. 
Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9193, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA FLOREPICTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale watery green, semitransparent, costal edge cream- 
color; base narrowly moss-green; at apex and anal angle a round patch 
of red-brown and rosy-gray scales surrounded by a ring of moss- 
green, that at apex much the larger; cell spot minute; an obscure ver- 
tical darker green antemedian shade and an angulated postmedian 
with paler edge; fringe pale green, rosy beyond the patches. . 

TTindwing.—The same, but the apical patch smaller and with an 
additional small patch on inner margin before middle. 

Under side pale iridescent green, with the patches showing through; 
costa of forewing yellow. 

Face and palpi red; vertex and antenne white; thorax and dorsum 
red-brown varied with dark scales; the tufts metallic; abdomen at 
sides and beneath and the whole of the last two segments ochreous; 
pectus and legs ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 40 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni, French Guiana. 

The colored patches can really be best compared with the unopened 
flowers of a moss-rose. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9194, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA LILACINA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull green, semitransparent; the costa yellow, beyond 
middle speckled with lilac; the inner and hind margin broadly lilae, 
the green ground-color being, in fact, restricted to a narrow subcostal 
stripe, which in the middle forms a deep sinus toward hind margin, 
embracing veins 3 and 4, and at base reaches inner margin, where it 
is edged by an oblique deeper lilac shade; fringe dark lilac check- 
ered with white between the veins. 

Hindwing.—Broadly green at base, the marginal half lilac, inter- 
rupted internally between veins 2 and 5 by a tridentate sinus of the 
ground-color; inner margin with a lilac patch at base; discocellular 
marked at top and middle by white spots; fringe as in forewing. In 
both wings the lilac area is varied with transverse white striew, densest 
at anal angle of hindwings. 

‘Under side pale iridescent green; the fringe and slight blotch at 
anal angle of forewings deep lilac; costa of forewing yellow. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 425 


Shoulders, thorax, and dorsum green; face, palpi, patagia, crests of 
the dorsum, and metathorax metallic lilac; abdomen beneath and at 
sides and the legs pale ochreous; forelegs in front deep lilac; anal 
tuft ochreous, mixed with lilac. 

Eicpanse of wings.—Male, 36 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Distinguished from QO. wolacea Warren by its larger size, speckled 
costa, and better defined marginal borders, 

Lype.—Cat. No. 9195, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA LONGIPALPIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Grass-green, covered with faint brownish strie; cell 
spot blackish, minute; a dull red-brown marginal border, thickly 
black speckled; its inner edge is lunulate between the veins; oblique 
from apex to vein 6; then parallel to margin to vein 3, along which it 
runs backwards and again oblique to inner margin at three-fifths; 
fringe red-brown. 

Hindwing.—With the margin occupying quite half the wing, its 
inner edge starting from three-fifths of costa and ending at two-fifths 
of inner margin, with a subquadrate sinus between veins 2 and 6. 

Under side of forewing suffused with vinous except along costa and 

- inner margin, the marginal border black, vinous at apex; fringe black, 
with the basal line red; costal edge yellow; hindwing with the black 
| border submarginal, edged with vinous; the basal submarginal areas 
| pale green. 

Palpi very long, deep red above, pale green below; face olive; ver- 
tex white; antenne reddish; thorax and dorsum green, the tufts 
metallic dark red; abdomen beneath whitish green, with a short red 
lateral stripe. 

Expanse of wings.—Female, 46 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Forewing'’s subfalcate; hindwings sinuous. 


Type.—-Cat. No. 9196, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA NIVETACTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep green, striated in places with whitish, the disk 
‘beyond cell between veins 2 and 6 white with olive striz; cell spot 
large, dark fuscous; costal area above subcostal vein ferruginous 
speckled with blackish; large white marginal spots at the ends of the 
| Veins running into the yellowish green fringe. 

Tindwing.—Similar, the white discal space reaching to base and 
occupying the whole wing except the margins; cell spot smaller. 

| Under side iridescent whitish green; the fringe the same; costa of 
forewing ferruginous; vertex, antenne, face, palpi, and front of fore- 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


legs ferruginous; thorax and dorsum green; the crests of the latter 
metallic brown; abdomen beneath and legs cream-white. 

Expanse of wings.— Male, 30 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9197, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA PALLIDA, new species. 


Forewing.—Very pale green, almost white, without markings, 
except a small dark green cell spot; fringe rosy red. 

Hindwing.—The same. 

Under side whitish. 

Face, palpi, deep red; vertex and antennal shaft snow-white; thorax 
and abdomen whitish green; abdomen with five red dorsal tufts, the 
first three larger. . 

Expanse of wings.— 36 rm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, August, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9198, U.S.N.M. 


RACHEOLOPHA SPORADATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Milk-white, sprinkled with rounded spots of pale green, 
irregularly confluent, and suffused in middle to form an oblique, some- 
what club-shaped streak from top of discocellular to anal angle; a 
narrow border along hind margin of irregular confluent green blotches, 
marked with deeper green dashes on margin between the veins and 
interrupted by large white spots at their ends; fringe white, checkered 
with green between veins; veins, especially at base, dark green. 

Tindwing.—Similar, the central streak more broken up and the 
marginal border narrow; costal area without green spots. 

Under side iridescent whitish, the darker green markings showing 
through. 

Face green, white below; palpi red above, white below; vertex and 
shoulders white; patagia, thorax, and two basal segments of abdomen 
green; rest of abdomen white flecked with green; dorsal crest metallic 
chocolate, tufted with white hairs; anal segment and under side: of 
abdomen and the legs white; forelegs brown in front. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 40 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9199, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TACHYPHYLE Butler. 
TACHYPHYLE COSTISCRIPTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Delicate pale green; costa ochreous, thickly striated 
with fuscous and black; the lines olive, indistinct; first from two-fifths 
of costa, above the black cell spot, oblique inward, angled baseward 


} 
P| 


. 
: 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 497 


on the two folds and outward on the median vein; second from a gray 
cloud at two-thirds, sinuous, curved outward above and inward below 
median, to three-fourths of inner margin; fringe pale green. 

ITindwing.—With only a median olive line just beyond the black 
cell spot. 

Under side whitish green, the costa of forewing yellowish. 

Face and palpi greenish; vertex white; thorax and base of abdomen 
green, the rest of abdomen ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 20 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Resembles 7. wadilinea Warren but smaller, the first line of fore- 
wing quite different; the hind tibizw of male have only terminal spurs, 
typically there are four. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9200, U.S.N.M. 


TACHYPHYLE SUBFULVATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale green along costa and hind margin; the rest of the 
wing a confused mixture of dark greenish gray and dull rust-color; a 
dull blackish cell spot, preceded by an equally obscure curved inner 
line; outer line from two-thirds of inner margin, slightly curved, run- 
ning parallel to hind margin but not reaching costa; costal edge 
narrowly white throughout; fringe whitish green. 

ITindwing.—Narrowly green along hind margin only; all the rest of 
the wing invaded by the rusty gray tint, darkest across the middle 
where there is a dark cell spot followed by a thick straight postmedian 
line; costal area quite pale; fringe almost whitish. 

Under side of forewing fulvous at base, pale olive-green beyond 
middle, becoming whitish green along hind margin; costa and fringe 


- whitish green; inner margin broadly pale violet-gray; hindwing mainly 


fulyous, all the margins and fringe whitish green; an olive-green band 
before hind margin; cell spot lunular, dark green. 

Face and antenne white; thorax and abdomen green and fulvous. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, March, 
1904. 

Nearest to 7. xretincta Warren, from Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9201, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily STHRRHIN 4. 
Genus ANISODES Guenée. 


ANISODES ABRUPTARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Very pale ochreous, dusted with fuscous-gray atoms, 
which are densest along costa; first line marked only by dark vein dots 
and dots on the two folds, at one-fifth, projecting outward in cell; cell 


428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tou. RX. 


spot white, tinged with reddish; median shade thick, blurred gray, 
oblique from before middle of inner margin to vein + where it is 
angled and becomes obsolete above vein 5, preceded and followed above 
4 by reddish scales; outer line at five-sixths, marked below costa by 
three dark dots on veins and at inner margin by a narrow gray streak, 
followed immediately by a pale submarginal line which is scarcely 
traceable; a large dark gray triangular blotch on hind margin between 
veins 4 and 6, mixed with red scales, connected with median shade at 
the angle; marginal strive dark, containing small spots between veins; 
fringe concolorous. 

Tindwing.—With a dark spot at base; a gray band at one-fourth, 
with well defined darker edges; cell spot as in forewing; outer line 
marked by dark dots on veins above vein + followed throughout by a 
gray shade which is broad at inner margin and is connected below 
middle with a broad fuscous-gray shade reaching from anal angle to 
vein 5; marginal line crenulate, blackish. 

Under side pale ochreous, unspeckled, except along costa of fore- 
wing; median shade bent, thick, and diffuse; outer line marked by dark 
spots on veins and followed by a reddish thick line swollen into a 
blotch beyond cell; a dark marginal line; in the hindwing only the 
outer thick line is marked. . 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face and palpi reddish above, 
ochreous below; vertex and antennal shaft whitish; abdomen with some 
lateral red markings. 


Kixpanse of wings.—35 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, October, 
1904; occurs also in southeastern Peru. 

Hind margin of wings strongly crenulate, with a larger deeper sinus 
beyond cell. In appearance it bears a certain resemblance to a worn 
Temerophila abruptaria. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9202, U.S.N.M. 


ANISODES AURANTIATA variety ATRIDISCATA, new. 


Differs from the type form of aurantiata Warren only in the cell 
spots: these are large, round, black, with minute pale centers, that in 
the hindwing larger than that in the forewing. 

Locality.—Carabaya, southeastern Peru; 1 male. 

I have seen a female exactly corresponding with this male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9203, U.S.N.M. 


ANISODES DELINEATA, new species. 


forewing.—Ochreous, covered with very fine gray and reddish 
striew, the gray ones thicker and stronger along costa; lines fine and 
black; first from costa close to base, oblique outward and forming a 
beak on median vein, then shortly oblique hindward, abruptly cut off 


ii 


le ae | 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 429 


on submedian fold; median line oblique from costa before apex to 
one-third of inner margin, toothed outward at veins 6, 7; outer line 
from the same point on costa, sinuous parallel to hind margin, below 
vein 4 marked only by vein dots; a black concise streak from base 
along median vein and above vein 4 to hind margin, meeting there 
another along vein 5 passing through an angled mark beyond outer 
line; subcostal vein narrowly black from base to one-fourth; cell spot 
white in a thick red ring; marginal spots black; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—With a bifurcate black line near base anda black outer 
line bent on vein 5 from costa just before apex to three-fifths of inner 
margin; a black line along vein 4; the rest as in forewing, but the white 
cell spot is not tinged with red; in both wings a faint pale submarginal 
line is visible. 

Under side pale ochreous with rosy strive, which are more numerous 
in forewing, where the outer line alone is marked; marginal line fine 
in both wings. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; tips of shoulders and collar 
finely black; face and palpi rosy above, pale velow, legs ochreous, 
forelegs rosy in front. 

Eixpanse of wings.—37 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, 
September, 1904. 

The hind lees are abnormal; the tibia is quite short, as in Lrachycola 
Warren from India, but without tufts and with short aborted spurs; 
the femur is twice as long as the tibia and the tarsus twice as long as 
the femur. Nearest to A. Aieroglyphica Warren but quite distinct. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9204, U.S.N.M. 


ANISODES FLAVICORNIS, new species. 


Closely allied to A. ferruginata Warren, from Colombia and sub- 
znescens Warren from Carabaya, southeastern Peru, and possibly an 
extreme form of this last species, as both come from the same locality. 

Instead of the small white dot the cell marks are large and round, 
pure white, that in the hindwing twice as large as that in the forewing; 
' the vertex and antennal shaft are bright yellow. In all other respects 
the description of swhenescens applies to the present species. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 
Locality.—Carabaya, southeastern Peru; 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9205, U.S.N.M. 


ANISODES FLAVIPUNCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Bone-color, covered with fine and dense brownish gray 
‘ striations, thickest along costa and before hind margin; lines gray, 
“marked chiefly by dark dots on veins; first from one-fifth of costa to 
one-fourth of inner margin, outcurved above and below median vein; 


430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


outer line obscurely lunulate-dentate, from four-fifths of costa to three- 
fourths of inner margin, more or less parallel to hind margin, project 
ing on veins 4 and 6; a thick olive-gray dentate median shade from 
three-fifths of costa to near middle of inner margin, also parallel to 
margin; cell spot linear, dark; blackish dots on margin between veins; 
fringe, bone-color. 

HTindwing.—Similar, but the cell spot oval, deep yellow, ringed 
finely with dark. 

Under side pale ochreous, without any gray striations; forewing 
with rosy median shade; some rosy strize before it from base and a 
few before hind margin; outer and marginal spots rosy; hind wing 
without rosy striz except at middle of costa. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face white, reddish brown 
at top; legs ochreous; forelegs and palpi rosy-tinged. 

Expanse of wings.—86 mm. 

Locality.—Rockstone, Essequibo, British Guiana; 1 female, Septem- 
ber, 1904. 

Probably near A. suberea Dognin; but the discal spots will distin- 
guish it. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9206, U.S.N.M. 
YI ; 


ANISODES LEUCANIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Ochreous, covered with greenish gray speckling; cell 
spot oval, white, with gray edging; outer line marked only by dark 
vein dots; a row of marginal dark dots between veins; fringe pale; 
the base of wing is rubbed, but there is probably a series of basal dots 
on veins. 

Hindwing.—With white cell spot, connected by a black spot with 
vein 6. 

Under side pale ochreous, without markings. 

Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs all concolorous; palpi above and 
forelegs in front slightly rosy. 

Expanse of wings.—35 mm. 

Locality.—Rockstone, Essequibo, British Guiana; 1 male, Septem- 
ber, 1904. 

The resemblance to species of Zeucanéa will distinguish this insect at 
onee. The apex of forewing is pointed; the hindwing slightly elbowed 
at vein 4. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9207, U.S.N.M. 


ANISODES POTRERIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Reddish fawn-color, covered with very fine and obscure 
darker strive; the inner and outer lines represented by minute dark dots 
on veins; the first curved near base, the outer at five-sixths; marginal 
dots between veins equally minute, with black points at the vein ends; 


ii 


No. 1456. - NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 431 


fringe concolorous, cell spot round and black, with a fine white center; 
a very faint median shade curved round this above, represented 
between veins 1 and 2 by a distinct reddish cloud. 

Hindwing.—Similar, the cell spot larger. 

Under side of forewing deep dull rosy, grayer along costa, of hind- 
wing ochreous with costa only rosy; both wings with large, diffuse 
black cell spots. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, the abdomen bright red on 
dorsum; face red; palpi red, paler beneath. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9208, U.S.N.M. 


ANISODES STRICTICATA, new species. 


Forewing.—-Grayish fawn-color, with a faint reddish tinge in parts, 
and faintly dusted with darker; the first three lines all marked by 
blackish dots on veins; the basal line marked by dots on the folds as 
well as on the veins and on costa and inner margin also; the median 
and outer lines by minute black dots, the median dots being preceded 
by a hardly perceptible reddish shade; submarginal line indicated by 
series of black spots on each side, but placed between the veins, inter- 
rupted between 6 and 7 and 3 and 4, those beyond cell being the most 
conspicuous; marginal spots large and black between the veins, small 
and reddish at their ends; fringe paler; cell spot small, white, in a 
red ring. 

Hindwing.—The same, but the cell spot rather larger, formed of 
black and red scales, with a minute pale point at center, 

Under side dull rosy, paler in hindwing; costa of forewing ochreous- 
gray with black spots; cell spots, outer line, the inner of the two sub- 
marginal series, and the marginal line all marked darker in forewing; 
in the hindwing only the outer and marginal lines. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; the dorsum flushed with red 
and with black marks on two basal segments; face pale brown. 

Expanse of wings.—27 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 male. 

_ Resembles A. nigropustulata Warren trom Brazil, but the ground 
| eolor is different. Hind margins of both wings crenulate, slightly 
projecting at vein 4. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9209, U.S.N.M. 


ANISODES SUBVIOLESCENS, new species. 


. 


Forewing.—Palé sandy ochreous, without the brown or yellow tinge 
Of spissata Warren, with which species it agrees in the markings in 
‘the main; the whole surface is finely powdered with darker atoms; 
» costal edge not brown, as in sp/ssata, the lines finer, not thickened into 


439 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


shades, except the median, which is distinctly lunulate-dentate and 
decidedly more oblique than in spéssata,; outer line lunulate-dentate, 
the teeth marked by brown dots; submarginal shade forming dark 
blotches beyond cell and vein 2 before hind margin; cell spot hardly 
marked; the basal line curved inward toward inner margin; dark mar- 
ginal spots between veins and reddish dots at their ends; fringe pale 
ochreous. 

Hindwing.—W ith the cell spot white ina small dark ring; the mar- 
ginal blotches faint. 

Under side yellowish straw-color; forewing with cell, median shade, 
outer line, and three large submarginal blotches rosy, accompanied by 
rosy strive; the dots of outer and marginal lines also rosy; hindwing 
with submarginal blotches only and these much smaller. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face whitish, reddish brown 
above; palpi above and forelegs in front rosy; legs and abdomen 
beneath ochreous. 


Lixpanse of WINGS. 30 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, 
December, 1904. 

Hind tibie of male with one median spur as well as the two terminal.. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9210, U.S.N.M. 


ANISODES TERRENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull reddish gray, darker gray without the reddish *inge 
along costa; basal and submarginal lines marked by black dots; mar- 
ginal dots large and black; cell spot white, with black edge; fringe 
concolorous. 

[Tindwing.—Like forewing, but the cell spot is a large, coal-black 
disk with a minute pale center. 

Under side uniform dull rosy, with the submarginal series of dots 
visible. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face dull brown-red; paler 
below, vertex and base of antenne pale; palpi and forelegs dull rosy. 

10 PUNSE of WINGS. —26 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 female. 

Near to ul. swhearneuria Warren, from Brazil, and, judging from the 
description, also to aguzata Dognin. Described from a male from 
Ecuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9211, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ASELLODES Guenée. 
ASELLODES HEBETIOR, new species. 


Very near 4. v7trur/a Schaus, but rather smaller; the apex of fore- 
wing blunter: the hind margin straighter; the outer edge of the hya- 
line space of forewing nearer to hind margin and almost parallel to 


a 


ee 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 433 


it; the submarginal line between veins 6 and 3 straight, not formed 
of lunules between the veins, and narrower. In the hindwing the dis- 
position of the hyaline spaces is almost identical with that of wtrarda, 
but the hind margin is altogether different; for, whereas in wtrar/a 
veins 6, 7, 8 end in acute teeth, the ends of these veins in /ebetior are 
bluntly rounded, the lowest lying between veins 6 and 5. rather than 
beyond vein 5 itself, and the margin insinuate before the anal lobe 
instead of straight. On the under side the dark submarginal band of 
the hindwing is straight, not waved. 

Expanse of wings.——26 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9212, U.S.N.M. 


Genus Ae EVAIN@OP Hlth Ss. new genus. 


Forewing.——Triangular; costa straight, becoming convex before 
apex; hind margin as long as inner margin, more oblique below middle 
than above. 

Hindwing.—In female with hind margin well rounded, both angles 
distinct; in male with hind margin protuberant in middle and toward 
anal angle, which is rounded off; antenne of male ciliated; palpi 
incurved before face, short; hindlegs in the type species with a long 
tuft of hairs from femero-tibial joint reaching to end of tarsus, both 
tibia and tarsus thickened with scales, without spurs; female with ter- 

-minal spurs only. : 

Neuration.—Forewing, cell half the length of wing; discocellular 
straight, vertical; first median nervule at two-thirds, second at five- 
| sixths; radials normal; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from before end, 11 free; 

no areole; hindwing; costal kinked near base to touch subcostal at a 
point; 6, 7 stalked; 3, 4 coincident in both sexes: in the female of one 
species broadly forked close before margin. 
| TLype.—Aphanophleps vulpina, new species. 

In the type species the outer two-thirds of the under side of hind- 
wing in the male is roughly clothed with curved hairs throughout, 
‘and the abdominal margin is simple; in a second species the median 
‘vein and the two veinlets also are clothed with fringes of short hairs; 
‘the abdominal margin is swollen and the surface below covered with 
‘mealy scales, but the coincidence of the two upper median nervules is 
sufficient, at least for the present, to characterize the genus. 


APHANOPHLEPS VINOSARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Ochreous, dusted and only in parts tinged with vinous- 
purple in the male; in the female wholly suffused with it except along 
‘costa; male, costa, cell spot, and the two lines purple; first line at 
about one-third, diffuse, vertical; outer line from two-thirds of costa, 


Proce. N, M. vol. xxx—06——28 


434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


thick, lunulate-dentate, outcurved above, indented on submedian fold; 
a hind marginal cloud, the marginal line and the fringe dark purplish. 

Hindwing.—W ith the base, an antemedian shade, a fine postmedian 
line, the apex, and fringe vinous; cell spot vinous; the swollen flap 
on abdominal margin pale ochreous. 

Under side brownish ochreous with the base and hind margin 
diffusely vinous; cell spot, outer line, and fringe deeper red; hind- 
wing with only the cell spot and fringe vinous, the mealy scales in the 
submedian furrow brownish; the fringe of hair on median veins 
ochreous; in the female the vinous markings are dull but present on 
both wings. 

Head and dorsum deep purple; shoulders and patagia ochreous, 
paler in the male; abdomen beneath and legs ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male, 1 female, January and 
February, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9213, U.S.N.M. 


APHANOPHLEPS VULPINA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male rufous-brown, becoming ochreous with rufous 
scaling along costal margin; a dark cell spot, and dark rufous outer 
line from four-fifths of costa outeurved and approaching hind margin 
below middle; inbent and angled on submedian fold; fringe dark 
rufous beyond a dark rufous marginal line. 

THindwing.—Wholly rufous, with an obscure fine outer line, bent 
on vein 3. 

Under side brighter rufous; the costa of forewing only dull yellow- 
ish; the cell spot and outer line visible. 

Head red; shoulders and patagia ochreous-brown like costa of fore- 
wings; abdomen, rufous; legs, ochreous; the tuft of hind legs deep 
rufous. 

Expanse of wings.—20 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9214, U.S.N.M. 

The female may be described as follows: 

Forewing.—Olive-ochreous, suffused throughout with dark pur- 
plish; costal margin, inner and outer line purplish; cell spot, marginal 
line, and basal half of fringe deep purple; first line nearly vertical, 
obscure at one-third; outer from three-fourths of costa outcurved and 
indented on submedian fold; the tips of fringe rufous. 

HTindwing.—The same, but with no inner line. 

Under side yellowish straw-color in forewing, suffused with reddish; 
both wings with cell spot, outer line, and fringes reddish. 

Head red; thorax and abdomen like wings; abdomen below and legs 


ochreous, 
- 


| 
| 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 435 


Exxpanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana; 1 female. 

In the hindwings of the female the coincident veins, 3,4, are widely 
forked just before hind margin. 


Genus CREMODES Guenée. 


CREMODES CONCOMITANS, new species. 


Forewing.— Pale stone-color, dusted with gray; the costal edge 
ochreous; the lines fine, gray, parallel to hind margin; first at one- 
fourth, second from two-thirds of costa to near middle of inner mar- 
gin, faintly outcurved from costa to median third at  five-sixths, 
irregularly crenulate, bent above veins 6 and 2; beyond the second 
line is a faint thick gray shade parallel to it; cell spot white in a black 
ring; marginal line fine, interrupted at veins; fringe concolorous; in 
the male with a pink tinge. 

HTindwing.—Without inner line; fringe with slight dots beyond 
veins. 

Under side paler, more ochreous; the costa of forewing pinkish; 
the outer line only plain. 

Palpi externally red-brown, ochreous beneath; face gray-brown; 
vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings; tufts of hair of hind tibiz 
of male pale ochreous. 

Eixpanse of wings.—3+ mm. 

Locality.—Santiago, Cuba; 1 male, 1 female, June and October, 1902. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9215, U.S.N.M. - 


CREMODES CURTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale grayish ochreous towards base, becoming deeper, 
more mouse-color in outer half, with a faint rufous tinge; the lines 
gray, indistinct; first slightly outcurved at one-fourth; median from 
costa just beyond middle to middle of inner margin, incurved from vein 

Sto 2, followed by a broader parallel shade; outer line at three-fourths, 
irregularly projecting between 2 and 4, and indented beyond cell; 
a fine dark marginal line; fringe rufous; cell spot small, blackish. 

ITindwing.—W ithout basal line. 

Under side paler, the inner margin of forewing whitish; costa of 
| forewing rufous, only the outer line distinct and thickened; the hind 
(margin gray without any rufous tinge. 

Thorax and abdomen like wings; face and vertex darker; palpi white 
beneath, externally dark brown. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locality. Santiago, Cuba; 1 female, October, 1902. 

Characterized by the short, blunt wings, and the red fringe. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9216, U.S.N.M. 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, 


CREMODES FUSCIFRONS, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale stone-color, with very fine gray dusting; crossed 
by three faintly darker lines, more or less parallel to hinder margin; 
the inner at one-third, before the small black cell spot; the second 
from three-fourths of costa to just beyond middle of inner margin; 
the third at five-sixths, these last irregularly dentate; the teeth gray; 
a fine marginal line interrupted at the veins; fringe gray with a slight 
pink tinge. 

Hindwing.—W ithout inner line; the cell spot round with a white 
center; the fringe with reddish spots in it beyond the veins. 

Under side paler with a faint pink tinge in forewing; the costa pink- 
ish, only the outermost line visible; inner margin and hindwing 
throughout ochreous in tint. 

Palpi above dark brown, pale ochreous beneath; face and vertex 
brown; thorax and abdomen like wings. 

Expanse of wings.—88 mm. 

Locality.—Baracoa, Cuba; 1 male, October, 1902. 

Differs from C. castaria Guenée from Santo Domingo in not having 
a white vertex. 

Type.—Cat. No.-9217, U.S. N.M. 


Genus CRYPSITYLA Warren. 
CRYPSITYLA BORRIGARIA, new species. 


Differs from (C. turbaia Walker only in the forewing being narrower 
and with more pointed apex, and in the absence of the dull yellow 
scales beyond each of the dark lines; the ground color is dull purplish 
gray; the costal area of forewing dull vinous. 

Localities. —Orizaba, Mexico; 1 male; Jalapa, Mexico, 3 females. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9218, U.S.N.M. 


CRYPSITYLA IGNIFERA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep coppery red, with costa pale olive-ochreous, and 
the lines yellowish; these are placed much as in the allied species, but 
are complete, not interrupted, the outer and submarginal lines being 
plainer than the rest; fringe concolorous, with large yellowish spots at 
the base. 

ITindiwing.—TVhe same, with the outer lines only. 

Under side yellowish ochreous, tinged with rosy in costal half of 
forewing, more rosy throughout in the female. ; 

Head red; shoulders and patagia like costal streak of forewing; dor- 
sum ochreous tinged with red, especially in the female. 

Lixpanse of WINGS. 19 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 3 males, 1 


female, Mareh, 1904. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9219, U.S.N.M., 


; 
- 
; 


No. 1456, NEW GHEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 437 


CRYPSITYLA SUBROSEA Warren. 


This species was described from 2 males from Colombia: a female 
from Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil, appears to be inseparable; but the 
hind tibix have only terminal spurs, as in Sferrha, and not a vestige 
of the single median spur, characteristic of the females of Cryps/tyla 
and Calyptocome. I have met with more than one instance of similar 
absence of the single median spur in other species of these genera, and 
attributed it in each case to accidental breakage; but it seems probable 
that such cases are rather due to a further extension to both middle 
spurs of the already existing tendency in the genera to atrophy of the 
one, the females in these instances suggesting a species of Sterrha. 


CRYPSITYLA SUBRUBELLA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep purplish plum-color; the costa broadly and all the 
lines more narrowly and neatly than in pannaria Guenée, olive-ochre- 
ous, without any vestige of dark edging; the fringe similarly darker. 

Hindwing.—Similar. 

Under side of both wings uniform deep rosy; che tuft of hair on 
costa of hindwing and the mealy scales between vein | and the median 
yellowish. 

Head and dorsum deep purple; shoulders, patagia, thorax, and a line 
along middle of dorsum olive-ochreous: under side of abdomen and 
legs ochreous; forelegs deep rosy in front. 

Licpanse of wings.—19 mm. 

Localities.—St. Jean, Maroni River; 1 male, July, 1904; Cayenne, 
French Guiana, 3 males, February, 1904, and December, 1903. 

Distinguished by the deep red under side of both wings. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9291, U.S.N.M. 


CRYPSITYLA TURBATA Walker. 


This species appears to be widely spread and variable to some extent, 
| according to locality. Of three examples from Orizaba, 1 male, 1 


; female have the brown markings simple; the other female has the pale 
) edging, while 2 males from Guadalajara both show the yellow mark- 


“ings clearly. Two females from Castro, Parana, and 1 female from 
/ Sao Paulo vary ina similar way. I have seen a female from Merida, 
Venezuela. Walker’s type was from Brazil. 
All the examples seen agree in having the median shade elbowed 
and swollen across veins 2 and 3 and the pale fringe with orange-red 


» speckling in the basal half. 


One female from Orizaba, Mexico, is wholly deep purple in both 
Wings, with the lines where visible deeper; the abdomen like the 


! wings, but the prothorax and base of costa olive-ochreous. The under 


438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


side of forewings is proportionally deeper in first than the usual forms. 
For this I propose the varietal name purpurata, new variety. 


Genus DEINOPYGIA Warren. 
DEINOPYGIA CONIFER, new species. 


Forewing.—Male, pointed, hind margin oblique; bone-color, tinged 
with ochreous-gray; costa with two dark spots at one-third and two- 
thirds, but, as in the other species, the lines starting from them are 
interrupted above middle; the first is curved as usual, the outer 
slightly outcurved below costa, runs obliquely inward, marked by red- 
dish spots on veins to inner margin near inner line; the band thus 
formed, which is filled in with reddish scales below, is, therefore, 
much narrower than in ¢riangulata,; submarginal line pale, unspeckled; 
cell spot large and dark; fringe concolorous, with dark dots at base. 

HTindwing.—With hind margin rounded, with slight indentation 
beyond submedian fold,. the red-brown band forming a large cone- 
shaped mark on inner margin reaching vein 6; some red-brown scales 
on margin at the indentation on submedian fold; submarginal line pale. 

Under side ochreous, with coarse red-brown scales and in forewing 
tinged with olive-gray; the spots and outer lines red-brown. 

“ace, palpi, and front of forelegs dark brown; vertex, thorax, and 
abdomen ochreous; middle segments of abdomen red-brown; anal seg- 
ment not extraordinarily long, but the anal tufts largely developed. 

I believe the following female to belong to the males above described; 
but more specimens are needed for corroboration. 

Forewing.—Female, wholly suffused with olive-gray, all the mark- 
ings more or less hidden, except the two dark costal spots and the cell 
spot. 

Hindwing.—With the black band narrow on inner margin and 
broadening toward cell; the whole wing with blackish atoms; hind 
margin protuberant in middle, insinuate before anal angle, which is 
well marked. 

Under side with the cell spots large and black; the band of hind- 
wings black and also an outer line on forewings. 

Thorax and abdomen ochreous, the latter not blotched with black at 
middle. 

Kxpanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 3 males, 1 female, January 
and February, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9223, U.S.N.M. 


DEINOPYGIA FALCIPENNIS, new species. 


Distinguished from /). caudata and all other species of the genus 
by the narrow elongate forewings with falcate apex, and the deeply 
incised hind margin of hindwings. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS— WARREN. 439 


Forewing. —Ochreous, dusted with blackish; a blackish curved basal 
line projecting on median vein; a dark oblique fascia from inner mar- 
gin beyond middle parallel to hind margin, but apparently not extend- 
ing above middle of wing, though marked by a spot on costa. The 
unique specimen is so much rubbed toward apex of forewing that 
further description is impossible. | 

Tindwing.—W ith a blackish band across middle, preceded and fol- 
lowed by some brown dusting; below vein 5 a deep incision runs 
inward for one-third, vein 4 ending at its extremity, the lower art 
of wing forming a long spatulate lobe. 

Under side pale brownish ochreous, with the fringes of hairs in 
both wings of the same color; the black markings of upper side 
repeated. 

Thorax and abdomen ochreous, the dorsum with blackish scaling; 
vertex white; face and palpi black; tips of the preanal tufts black. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality. —Orizaba, Mexico; 1 male. 

This species possesses a very long expansive pencil of hairs rising 
from the base of costa of hindwings. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9294, U.S.N.M. 


DEINOPYGIA HORRIFICA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull brownish ochreous, roughly dark speckled, with 
obscure traces of dark lines, inner, median, and outer, the last plainer 
than the others; marginal dashes dark between the veins; fringe rather 
darker; a blackish cell spot. 

Hindwing.—Pale toward base; the marginal areas clothed with a 
mass of scrubby brown and ochreous hairs. 

Under side dull brownish ochreous, both wings covered with downy 
hairs; cell. spot and outer line of forewing dark, and a tuft of dark 
hairs at middle of inner margin; hindwing marked with blackish along 
hind margin. 

Head and shoulders pale brown; face, thorax, and dorsum dark 
brown. 

Expanse of wings.—16 min. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 maie, February, 1904. 

The anal lobe of hindwing is more produced than in PD. caudata 
Warren. 


Type. 


Cat. No. 9225, U.S.N.M. 


DEINOPYGIA PERCURRENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Ochreous in basal half; flesh-colored in marginal; the 
two shades separated by a brown bar, gradually narrowing from inner 
margin at middle to.costa beyond middle, with darker edges and fol- 
lowed by a pale line; the basal ochreous ar*~ is somewhat olive tinged 


AAO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXX. 


and dusted with dark scales, with traces of a dark costal spot at one- 
fourth; in the marginal area at anal angle is a slight brownish cloud; 
fringe ochreous, with large blackish dots at base beyond the veins. 

Hindwing.—Similar, but the brown band is broadest below costa, 
where it is angled outwardly and narrows to inner margin; the apex 
with a large dark cloud; fringe as in forewing. 

Under side of forewing dull bronzy reddish, of hindwing more 
fuscous. | 

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen ochreous; face and palpi red. 

Expanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, April, 
1904. . 

Probably, but by no means certainly, a Decnopygia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9226, U.S.N.M. 


DEINOPYGIA TRIANGULATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male, pale buff, slightly gray speckled; two dark red 
costal spots at one-third and two-thirds; from the first a curved inner 
line runs, interrupted above median vein; from the second an irregular 
outer line, partially lunulate-dentate and projecting squarely between 
veins 3 and 4; the space between them filled up with red-brown as far 
as vein 6, often partially interrupted along inner edge, the small cell 
spot lying on the outer edge; this line is paler edged; submarginal 
line pale, unspeckled; marginal dots deep red; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—W ithout speckling; a red-brown band from vein 6 to 
inner margin, wider below the red-brown cell spot beyond its outer 
edge; marginal dots large; fringe concolorous, but darker at anal 
angle. 

Under side ochreous; in the forewing flushed with reddish; cell 
spots and outer lines black-red; the hair tufts somewhat yellower. 

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen ochreous speckled with red-brown; 
collar, face, and palpi dark red-brown; lateral preanal tufts reddish 
at base. 

Female hardly distinguishable from that of 2. caudata Warren; 
the bands on both wings appear to be broader and more developed. 

Expanse of wings.—1T mm. 

The male differs from typical Deinopygia in having the forewing 
broader, the hind margin of the same length as inner margin, straight 
and vertical; the hindwing is not indented except at submedian fold, 
forming only a short anal lobe. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 3 males, 3 females, January 
and February, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9227, U.S.N.M. 


No, 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 


Genus DICHROMATOPODIA Warren. 
DICHROMATOPODIA CERVINA, new species. 


Forewing.—Reddish fawn-color, dusted in places with fine black 
scales, especially in the marginal area; lines fine, pale ochreous, the 
first edged outwardly, the outer inwardly, with an olive-gray line; 
first from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin; angled on 
subcostal vein, then inwardly oblique; outer from three-fourths of 
costa, below which it is curved, to two-thirds of inner margin; cell 
spot linear, white; marginal line finely dark, interrupted at veins; 
fringe concolorous, with pale basal line. 

Tindwing. —W ith outer line only, slightly curved toward costa. 

Under side pale pinkish ochreous, more pink in forewing; outer 
line only marked; fringe red, as above; cell spot of forewing only 
visible. 

Head and thorax like wings; abdomen paler, like the under side and 
legs. 

Expanse of wings.—25 mm. 

Locality.—Aroa, Venezuela; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9228, U.S.N.M. 


DICHROMATOPODIA PURPUREA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark grayish purple; the costal edge with some red 
scales on an olive-vellow ground; lines fine, olive-yellow, broadening 
at costa; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, 
angled on subcostal vein; outer from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds 
of inner margin, bluntly bent at vein 6; fringe pale; an oblique linear 
mark of white scales on discocellular. 

ITindwing.—With outer line only, nearly straight; cell spot as in 
forewing. 

Under side dull liver-color, with the outer line darker; costa of fore- 
wing paler. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen purple; abdomen beneath and legs 
ochreous; forelegs purple in front; antennze ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male; July, 
1904. 

Nearest to 2. munata Druce, described as an Anisodes. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9229, U.S.N.M. 


DICHROMATOPODIA RUFIMEDIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull red-brown, with black dusting in basal and mar- 
ginal areas, paler dusted with brick-red in the median; lines finely 
pale; first from one-fourth of costa, angled on subcostal vein, then 
vertical to one-third of inner margin, edged outwardly with a brick- 


449 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. XXX. 


red line; outer line from three-fourths of costa, curved parallel to 
hind margin, to two-thirds of inner margin, inwardly edged with 
brick-red; cell spot oval, black, with a slight gray center; marginal 
line thick, interrupted by pale dots at the veins; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing, but the whole basal two-thirds brick- 
red; outer line curved; cell spot smaller. 

Under side deep dull rosy, paler in hindwing; outer lines indicated; 
cell spots blackish; inner margin of forewing whitish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen dull red-brown, under side and legs 
ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—24 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male, Jane, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9230, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DY SEPA YVRA Warren: 
DYSEPHYRA ALBIDISCATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Brownish testaceous, powdered with fine dark atoms; 
the lines gray, thick and diffuse; first at one-third, waved and vertical 
below cell; outer and submarginal dentate-lunulate, parallel to each 
other, incurved below middle and insinuate beyond cell and on sub- 
median fold; cell spot white, in a brown ring; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—W ithout inner line; the cell spot rather longer. 

Under side paler, rufous yellow, more yellow toward base; the lines 
and cell spots faint. 

Thorax and abdomen like wings; face and vertex reddish brown; 
palpi beneath whitish. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality. —Cayenne, French Guiana; 3 males, December, 1903, Feb- 
ruary, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9231, U.S.N.M. 


DYSEPHYRA ALBIDISCATA variety NIGRIDISCATA, new. 


The aberration n¢gridiscata has the cell marks filled up with gray ~ 
and the brown ring thicker; the coloration slightly darker and 
browner. 

Localities.—Cayenne, French Guiana, 1 male, January, 1904; St. 
Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, 2 males, July, 1904; in these two 
examples the cell marks are larger. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9830, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EMMILTIS Hubner. 
EMMILTIS BLANDULA, new species. 


Forewing.—Chalk-white, with a few coarse black scales near base 
only; inner, outer, and marginal lines marked by black spots, the two 
former on the veins, the latter between them; median and submarginal 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 443 


lines faint, ochreous-gray; cell spot black, distinct; tooth on vein 6 of 
outer line acute and prominent; fringe white, with gray dots at middle 
beyond veins. 

Hindwing.— Without first line. 

Under side white; in forewing toward costa dull ochreous-gray. 

Face and palpi brown-black; vertex and thorax white; abdomen 
broken. 

Expanse of wings.—\4 mm. 

Locality.—_St. Jean, Maron: River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9232, U.S.N.M. 


EMMILTIS OMISSA, new species. 


Forewing.—Bone-color with a grayish tinge and dusted with darker, 
especially at base and along costa; lines pale brownish ochreous, all 
oblique, parallel to the oblique hind margin; the basal angled in cell, 
the median and outer on vein 6; the median thick and obscurely 
dentate from two-thirds of costa to before middle of inner margin, the 
outer fine and near hind margin; the submarginal lines very fine; cell 
spot black, large; marginal dots black, small; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—W ithout inner line; cell spot large, just beyond median 
shade. 

Under side of hindwing and inner margin of forewing whitish; rest 
of forewing gray tinged, darker in basal two-thirds; outer line marked 
in forewing; cell spots in both. 

Face, collar, and palpi black-brown; vertex white; thorax and abdo- 
‘men like wings; segmental rings paler. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 
Locality.—Bolivia; 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9233, U.S.N.M. 


EMMILTIS TRICINCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Chalk-white, with scattered oblique gray scales; the 
lines olive-gray, all in the main parallel to hind margin; the first very 
fine from one-fifth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, outcurved 
in cell, then oblique inward; median shade beyond middle, thick, 
dentate, the outward teeth lightly black marked on veins; outer line 
sharply dentate, the outward teeth black on veins, followed immedi- 
ately by the inner of the two submarginal lines; both of these lines 
show the tooth on vein 6 acute and projecting; outer submarginal line 
close to margin, indefinite; a marginal line of black crescents; fringe 
white, with a middle line of black atoms; no cell spot visible. 

Hindwing.—W ithout first line; a small cell spot outside a curve in 
the median line, the three outer lines equidistant. 

Under side white, with a gray tinge in forewing. 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Thorax and abdomen white, like wings; face, Vv vertex ‘and palpi, and 
forelegs in front dark brown. 

Expanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 female. 

Very close to EL unicornuata Warren, also from Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9234, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EUMACRODES Warren. 
EUMACRODES EXCILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale gray, speckled with darker; lines very fine; first 
from one-fifth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, marked by ¢ 
dark spot on costa and submedian vein; median line from three-fifths 
of costa, oblique outwards to vein 6, then straight and oblique inward, 
marked black on costa and subcostal vein, gray below; an intermediate 
fine line is visible between these two, nearer the inner line; outer line’ 
marked by black vein dots, from four-fifths of costa to three-fourths 
of inner margin: marginal area darker gray, with distinct pale wavy 
submarginal line; marginal line black, interrupted by the veins; cell 
spot small, black; fringe gray, checkered with darker. 

Hindwing.—W ith the lines very ill-defined; marginal area darker; 
cell spot small. 

Under side dark gray; the lines indicated. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings above; face dark brown. 

Expanse of wings. —16 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
1904. 

Smaller and darker than £. gracilis Warren, the lines differently 
placed. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9235, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HA:MALEA Hubner. 
HAMALEA COMMINUTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pearly cream-color, sprinkled with fine black atoms; 
costa purplish black; lines dark ferruginous; first obscure, at one- 
fourth, incurved below median; median at three-fifths, gently curved 
outward above and below median, and incurved on submedian fold; 
cell spot annular, ferruginous, with a blackish dot in middle, touching 
median line at 4; outer line from quite three-fourths of costa, nearly 
straight but with slight thickenings at the veins toward hind margin 
at vein 1, before which it is bent inward at right angles and again on 
submedian fold to inner margin, followed closely by an interrupted 
line of brown lunules with blackish tips, an irregular one above vein 
6, a complete one below 4, and a double one on submedian fold being 
conspicuous; an iron-gray marginal shade from vein 7 to anal angle; 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 445 


a marginal series of black-brown dashes, those below costa confluent; 
fringe rufous, with purplish base. 

Hindwing.—With simple black cell spot preceded by a ferruginous 
antemedian line, outer line more sinuous than the forewing; the iron- 
gray marginal shade most distinct at apex, and the brown lunules 
toward anal angle. 

Under side pearly white, the forewing, except along inner margin, 
suffused with purplish gray, deepening along costa and hind margin; 
cell spot and outer line thick and dark; fringe rufous; hindwing with 
a dark purplish cloud only along apex, narrowing to anal angle; cell 
spot and outer line faintly marked; fringe rufous with pale base. 

Face, palpi externally, and shoulders blackish purple; collar dark 
brown; vertex and base of antenne white; thorax and abdomen pearl- 
gray, the latter with dark segmental marks; fore and middle legs 
externally purplish fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9236, U.S.N.M. 


HAMALEA FRAGMENTARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pearl-gray, speckled with dark ferruginous; costa black- 
ish gray; the lines dark ferruginous, much as in jfervens Butler; the 
basal line is incurved below median vein; median line bisinuate, the 
upper sinus touching the ferruginous cell spot; outer line less flexuous, 
only slightly bent above vein 6 and bluntly right-angled between 2 
and 3; submarginal shade broken up into ferruginous lunular patches 
with slightly paler edging; marginal line thick, blackish: fringe gray 
and ferruginous. 

ITindwing.—Without inner line; a slight dark marginal shade 
beyond submarginal line from apex to middle; this is also present, but 
less conspicuous, in the forewing. 

Under side dull whitish, in forewing with a slight gray flush; costa, 
cell spot, outer and marginal lines fuscous; hindwing with only mar- 
ginal line and shade. 

Head and antenne purplish; vertex and basal joint of antenne white; 
collar and shoulders more reddish purple; thorax, patagia, and abdo- 
men pearl-gray; segments of dorsum marked with gray and ferruginous. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
1904, 

Very near fervens Butler; distinguished by the breaking up of the 
submarginal band. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9237, U.S.N.M. 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


HAZSMALEA VENIPUNCTATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pearl-gray, dusted with gray atoms; the costa purplish 
black; the lines dark gray, indistinct; first from one-fourth of costa to 
one-third of inner margin, curved, inbent on submedian fold, marked by 
dark dots on veins andon thefolds: median just beyond middle, vertical 
and waved, well beyond the purplish cell spot; outer line from three- 
fourths of costa to close before anal angle, projecting on veins 6 and 
below 4, insinuate beyond cell and on submedian fold, and marked by, 
dark vein spots; submarginal line represented by dark wedge-shaped 
marks between veins, distinct only below costa and at anal angle; a 
dark gray marginal shade, projecting beyond cell; a marginal row of 
purplish black lunules; fringe rufous-gray, darker at base. 

Hindwing.—W ithout first line; the submarginal line hardly marked, 
and the gray cloud apical only. 

Under side pale pearly ochreous, tinged slightly with purplish in 
forewing, where the costa and hind margin are purplish gray; cell 
spot and outer line marked; hindwing with a slight apical shade. 

Face and shoulders purple-black; vertex and base of antennz 
white; thorax and abdomen white speckled with black; forelegs in 
front purplish. 

Expanse of wings. —22 mm. 

Locality.—Rockstone, Essequibo, British Guiana; 1 male, Septem- 
ber, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9238, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HEMIPTERODES, new genus. 

Forewing.—Elongate; costa straight, convex before apex; hind 
margin straight, oblique, curved only before anal angle. 

Hindwing.—Squarely bent at apex; hind margin and inner margin 
quite straight, meeting at an acute angle, the wing appearing aborted; 
submedian fold below with a ridge of hairs, thickened toward anal 
angle, which is slightly contorted. Antennz of female with long cilia- 
tions; palpi thick, well developed; third segment short; fore and mid- 
dle legs strongly developed; hind legs aborted. 

Neuration.—V eins 6, 7 of hindwings stalked; 3, 4 also stalked; cells 
of both wings broad; in forewing veins 2, 3, 4 rise near together, vein 
5 from above middle of discocellular; 7, 8, 9, stalked; 10 ansatomoses 
with 11 and again with 8, 9. 

Type.—Hemipterodes subnigrata, new species. 

The genus is related to Lipome/lia. 


HEMIPTERODES SUBNIGRATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Bone-color, suffused with pinkish gray, and thickly 
dusted with dark atoms; an inner dark line from one-fourth of costa 
to one-fifth of inner margin, straight; an oblique purplish line straight 


4 


ai 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS— WARREN. 447 


from middle of costa to one-third of inner margin, the space between 
these two lines is speckled except along costa; a small patch of ground- 
color appears also on inner margin beyond second line; cell spot linear, 
white, touching second line; submarginal line near margin, purplish, 
finely crenulate; a fine dark marginal line; fringe yellow, with pink- 
ish gray checkering beyond veins. 

Hindwing.—W ith inner half bone-color speckled with dark; outer 
half gray, becoming paler again along margin; cell spot white, touch- 
ing a fine faint line, submarginal line shown only by dots on veins; 
marginal line and fringe as in forewing. 

Under side straw-color; both wings with broad black and marginal 
border, which in forewing extends to middle; costa of forewing and 
marginal area reddish. 

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen ochreous and gray; face, palpi, and 
forelegs red-brown; abdomen beneath and legs straw-colored. 

Expanse of wings.—25 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; October, 1904; 
1 male. 

Type. 


Cat. No. 9239, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HETEREPHYRA Warren. 
HETEREPHYRA AURATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale yellow; the lines brownish gray; zigzag and irreg- 
ular; first oblique outward from one-fifth of costa to one-third of inner 
margin, projecting above median; median line from three-fourths of 
costa, irregularly oblique and angled inward, to two-thirds of inner 
margin, its lower third, from near rise of vein 2, straight and parallel 
to inner line; from base to this line a gray costal cloud obscures the 
markings above the median vein; outer line irregularly zigzag, from 
five-sixths of costa to five-sixths of inner margin, sharply angled on 
vein 6; submarginal line thick, concave from below apex to hind mar- 
gin at vein 4, then strongly lunulate-dentate to anal angle, nearly 
touching outer line; veins and marginal line gray; fringe yellow; cell 
spot narrow, white. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing, but without the costal cloud and basal 
line; the three outer lines all irregularly zigzag; veins and marginal 
line brown. 

Under side pale yellow, with all the markings indistinct and blurred. 

Head, collar, and prothorax olive-gray like the costal cloud of fore- 
wing; rest of thorax and abdomen yellow, sprinkled with gray. 

Expanse of wings.—25 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 
1904. e 

Type.—Cat. No, 9240, U.S.N.M. 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL! x. 


HETEREPHYRA FULVESCENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Ground color yeliow, covered with orange-red scales; 
costa blackish in basal half; the three median nervules gray; lines 
brown-red; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, 
elbowed on median vein; outer line, acutely dentate-lunulate; from 
three-fourths of costa to five-sixths of inner margin, the angles on 
veins 6 and 4 prominent; median line just beyond middle, oblique to 
6, then vertical to 4; thence concave to inner margin; cell mark linear; 
along the discocellular; submarginal line thick, concave from seven- 
eighths of costa to hind margin at vein 4, reappearing as a blotch at 
anal angle; marginal line dark brown, interrupted by a yellow spot on 
the veins; fringe brownish fulvous; the space before median line 
below median vein is often darker. 

Hindwing.—W ith all the veins gray and a gray shade before middle 
line, containing a single black cell spot. 

Under side dull deep reddish, with the outer lines marked darker. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, the abdomen grayer; face 
dark brown. 

Kixpanse of wings.—22-24 mm. 

Locality. —Cayenne, French Guiana; 3 females, January and Feb- 
ruary, 1904. 

This species is near //. dunifera (Dysephyra) Warren“, also described 
from three females. The smaller female there herenecd to, from 
Cucuta, Venezuela, as having the second (median) line of forewings 
not denticulate, and only the upper of the two black discal spots of 
hindwings belongs to the present species. 


Type.— Cat. No. 9241, U.S.N.M. 
HETEREPHYRA GRISEA, new species. 


Extremely like //. punctata Stoll, but rather larger, and altogether 
lacking the red tinge of that insect, the ground color being gray-fawn; 
the lines are the same in the main, but the inner and outer lines are 
much less deeply sinuate. 

Under side similarly much paler. The abdomen and thorax gray. 

Locality.—Trinidad, British West Indies; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9242, U.S.N.M. 


HETEREPHYRA SCRIPTURATA, new species. 


Forewing. —Oliye-ochreous; the markings purplish brown: costa 
purplish; base with three thick transverse streaks from subcostal 
vein, oblique outwards, the third sinuous; cell spot ocelloid, formed 
by two thick oblique purplish streaks with the discocellular pale 
between them; median line outcurved round it above, below the middle 
parallel to the three basal streaks;-outer line poral! to median, but 


«Noy. Zool., IV (1897), p. 436, 


Fi 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS— WARREN. 449 


the lower portion fine and concisely purple, edged narrowly with pale, 
submarginal shade parallel but swollen beyond cell; dark marginal 
lunules, those on each side of vein 3 pale; fringe purple-brown, with 
slightly pale base. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing, but without the three basal lines; the 
whole inner marginal half thickly peppered with black to outer line. 

Under side pale olive-buff; forewing with costa, cell spot, and median 
line dull purplish; outer line, marginal area, and fringes of both 
wings deep purple; apical area of forewing paler. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face, palpi, and forelegs 
dark purplish. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locality. St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
1904. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9243, U.S.N.M. 


HETEREPHYRA SEMIBRUNNEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Cream-color; the lines and shadings and the veins toward 
hind margin dark brown; costa diffusely dark brown; the lines all 
fine; an oblique line close to base, followed by a brown spot in cell; 
beyond this the usual basal line is strongly outcurved, running base- 


_ wards toward costa and inner margin; outer line concisely lunulate- 


dentate from three-fourths of costa to a blotch at anal angle; the teeth 
on veins 6 and 4 especially projecting; it is preceded by three brown 
less concave shades parallel to it, before the innermost of which is the 
linear brown cell mark, occupying the whole length of the discocellular; 
the inner margin from basal line to the outer of the three shades is 
brown up to the submedian fold; submarginal line thick from seven- 
eighths of costa to middle of hind margin, blotched at both ends; 
marginal festoon brown; fringe cream-colored, mottled with brown. 

Hindwing.—Suftused with brown, only the extreme base and a bilu- 
nate patch at anal angle remaining cream-color, the lines all present but 
obscured; cell mark formed by two black spots on, and at each end of 
discocellular; fringe brown, except beyond anal blotch. 

Under side cream-colored flushed with dull reddish; the lines marked 
but obscure, except toward hind margin; apical half of hind margin 
tinged with brownish. 

Head and antenne brown; thorax and abdomen cream-color flecked 
with brown; middle segments of abdomen wholly brown, like the 
suffusion of hindwings; under side and legs cream-color varied with 


. brown. 


Expanse of wings.—25 mm. 
Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, 
December, 1904. 
Allied to H. commaculata Warren, but much smaller. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9244, U.S.N.M. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——29 


450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, AEX? 


Genus LIPOMELIA Warren. 
LIPOMELIA? TRISTRIGATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull yellow, covered with leaden-gray strive, which are 
darker along costa, crossed by three brown stripes; first from a yel- 
low spot near middle of costa; angled on subcostal, then oblique to 
about one-third of inner margin; second from a brown spot at three- 
fourths of costa, slightly sinuous, the lower part parallel to inner 
stripe; third from five-sixths of costa parallel to hind margin, but 
toward inner margin bent parallel to the other two; these stripes are 
finely edged with clear yellow, the strize between partially coalescent 
with bands; dark marginal dashes; fringe deep yellow with tips 
purplish. 

Tindwing.—Similar, the three stripes straight, parallel, and equi- 
distant. 

Under side deeper yellow with black dusting; the brown stripes 
narrow, inwardly broadly edged with bright orange; the veins orange; 
in the intervals between the veins beyond second and third stripes are 
patches of lustrous blue scales on the forewings. 

Thorax and abdomen like wings; head and shoulders dark brown; 
abdomen beneath and legs orange-yellow speckled with brown. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, July, 
1904. 

The position of this species is doubtful in the absence of the male; 
the cell is short; 6 and 7 not stalked; hindwing triangular; hind mar- 
gin straight; inner margin concave. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9245, U.S.N.M. 


Genus LOBOCLETA, new genus. 


Forewing.—Triangular; costa curved only before apex; hind margin 
obliquely curved into inner margin without forming a real anal angle. 

TTindwing.—As long as forewing; the inner margin short; hind 
margin rounded from apex to vein 4; thence nearly straight, excised 
beyond submedian interval, so that the anal angle becomes slightly 
lobed. 

Antenne of male strongly pectinated; of female simple; palpi large, 
porrect, roughly scaled below; hind tarsi aborted in the male; hind 
tibiz in female with terminal spurs only. 

Neuration.—Forewing, cell three-fifths of wing; discocellular ob- 
lique; first median nervule at two-thirds, second before third; ra- 
dials normal; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10 and 11 from cell; 10 anastomosing 
with 11 and again with 8, 9, forming a double areole; hindwing with 
6, 7 stalked. 

Type. —Lobocleta translineata, new species. 


ii 


aes 


eA ee eS ee Se 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 451 


Distinguished by the neuration and the lobed anal angle of hindwing 
from Cleta Guenée and Polygraphodes Warren, which both have the 
antenne of the male pectinated. 


LOBOCLETA TRANSLINEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Creani-color, crossed by five buff lines, more or less 
parallel to the hind margin; the innermost straight, the median, outer, 
and submarginal incurved below middle, the fifth, marginal, consist- 
ing of spots between the veins; marginal line fine; buff; fringe cream- 
color; basal half of costal edge brown; no cell spot. 

TTindwing.—Similar, but without inner line. 

Under side darker; forewing tinged with grayish buff except along 
inner margin. 

Palpi externally brownish; face and vertex white; collar brownish; 
thorax and abdomen cream-color; antenne ferruginous. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male, February, 1904; 1 
female, January, 1904. 

The female has the lines more diffuse, brownish gray, and is dusted 
all over with atoms of the same color; the marginal line is dotted with 
brown at the ends of the veins, those in the male being minute points 
only; the base of costa of forewing is hardly darker. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9246, U.S.N.M. 


Genus LOBURA, new genus. 


Forewing.—Short and broad; the anal angle produced with a broad 
overlapping lobe; apex and hind margin rounded. 

Tindwing.—Broad, almost round; inner half of inner margin ampli- 
fied into a tuft-bearing lobe; the whole surface beneath hairy, espe- 
cially along costal and inner margin. 

Antenne nearly simple; palpi porrect, short; abdomen tufted 
beneath; hind legs aborted, all but obsolete; fore and middle legs 
largely developed; mid tibiz flattened, with dense hair on each side. 

Neuration.—As in Ptychopoda: 6, 7 of hindwings long stalked; cell 
in both wings very broad. 

Type. —Lobura ocellata, new species. 

Ptychopoda? amplimargo Warren,“ described from a worn specimen 
from Brazil, should be referred to this genus. 


LOBURA OCELLATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Fawn-color, with a reddish tint, covered with fine dark 
dusting; a dark linear cell spot followed bya small pale yellow blotch, 
before a dark gray outer line which is visible from costa to vein 3, 
where it becomes obsolete; a paler waved submarginal line which, 


@Nov. Zool., IV, p. 443. 


452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Risa. is untraceable below vein 3; ike upper half of hind margin 
beyond it likewise paler; fine marginal dark dashes between the veins; 
fringe, like the margin, yellowish; the anal lobe is reddish tinged and 
the fringe round it. 

Hindwing.—W ith dark cell spot and faint curved outer line; fringe 
yellowish. 

Under side smoother and paler, more rufous. 

Thorax and abdomen like wings; vertex whitish; face and palpi 
brown. 

Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana, January, 1904; 1 male. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9247, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MNESITHETIS Swinhoe. 
MNESITHETIS DECOLOR, new species. 


Forewing.—Very pale whitish green with the markings a shade 
darker; these consist of an inner curved line at one-fourth, projecting 
outward above the median vein; an outer curved line from beyond 
middle of costa to middle of inner margin, incurved below middle and 
approaching inner line, the space between them rather deeper green, 
and containing a small green and white cell spot; before the hind 
margin are three waved darker green lines parallel to margin, the out- 
side one very faint; fringe concolorous; a dark marginal line inter- 
rupted at veins. 

Hindwing.—With only the outer lines. 

Under side pale green; the costal half of forewing reddish tinged, 
also the marginal line. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen, pale green; face, palpi, and forelegs, 
brown-red above, paler below. 

Expanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality.— Demerara, British Guiana; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9248, U.S.N.M. 


MNESITHETIS RUFIPUNCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull green; the lines darker, first curved at about one- 
third; median outcurved round the large red-brown cell spot to middle 
of inner margin; outer line lunulate-dentate at four-fifths; marginal 
line fine, interrupted by pale dots at the vein ends; fringe, green; cos- 
tal edge, ochreous-yellow. 

Hind margin.—W ithout first line; cell spot silvery white. 

Under side of forewing dull rosy, the outer line deeper; costa 
broadly dull yellowish; fringe, pale green beyond an interrupted red 
marginal line; hindwing, pinky ochreous, the costa and two outer 
lines rosy. 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. | 453 


Face and palpi, deep red; vertex and antannex, white; thorax and 
abdomen green, like wings; the anal half of dorsum tinged with 
reddish. 

Expanse of wings.—25 mm. 

Locality.—Tijuca, Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9249, U.S.N.M. 


Genus OMOPERA, new genus. 


Furewing.—Costa curved; apex blunt, but prominent; hind mar- 
gin, strongly elbowed at end of vein 3, concave above and below, the 
lower half very oblique, running parallel to costa, and of the same 
length as inner margin, which is about half as long as costa. 

Hindwing.—Small and narrow, semielliptical; the costa convex and 
curving into the hind margin without forming an apical angle. 

Antenne, male, pubescent; palpi, quite short; middle and hind legs 
with dense tufts of hair, the latter otherwise aborted; in the hindwing 
the cell area is puckered and hollowed out beneath; the costal margin 
beneath is clothed with wisps of hair; veins 2 and 3 are stalked as in 
Ptychopoda subvestita Warren and chlorosata Snellen. 

Type.— Omopera angulata, new species. 


OMOPERA ANGULATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Olive-ochreous, with dull grayish purple scaling, which 
forms a large ill-defined cloud along lower half of hind margin from 
the elbow to anal angle, stretching toward middle of costa, where 
there are three indistinct spots, indicating origin of inner, median, and 
outer lines, but only the last is visible in its upper course; from 
another spot near apex a submarginal line runs to the elbow, and the 
extreme margin is purplish from the elbow to apex; a dark cell spot 
in the cloud; fringe olive-ochreous, broadly purplish at the elbow. 

Hindwing.—With two thick ill-defined lines of purplish scales, 
forming a kind of fascia across middle of wing to inner margin above 
anal angle; a dark purplish shade along hind margin; fringe yellow. 

Under side of forewing like upper, but paler; the cell spot, outer 
and submarginal lines clearer; hindwing with only the apical dark 
shadings. 

Head, thorax, and dorsum purplish; patagia olive-ochreous; vertex 
white; tufts of hind legs purplish, of middle legs pale ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—20 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, April, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9250, U.S.N.M. 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus PAMMERIS, new genus. 


Closely related to Zricentra Warren, but instead of the single long, 
middle spur which the hind tibize of the males of that genus possess, 
having two short middle spurs; the species can not, however, be referred 
to any of the existing genera in which the hind tibiz are fully devel- 
oped and armed with four spurs. 

Type.—Pammeris albiguttata, new species. 


PAMMERIS ALBIGUTTATA, new species. 


Forewing.—With the inner margin for three-fourths pale violet, 
limited by a semicircular diffuse blackish purple edge running from 
base of costa to before anal angle; costal area diffusely purplish gray; 
the anal angle and hind margin narrowly yellow; a row of purple 
marginal spots between the veins; fringe yellow; on the inner margin 
in the pale violet area are visible the ends of three dark waved lines; 
two white minute dots at top and bottom of discocellular. 

Hindwing.—W holly violet, crossed by basal and waved postmedian 
and submarginal dark lines; a purplish black submarginal band, leay- 
ing the hind margin narrowly yellow, like the fringe; a row of mar 
ginal purple dots; discal mark a large, round, pure white spot. 

Under side blackish beneath the violet areas of upper side; apical 
half of forewing dull pink, yellowish toward anal angle; fringes yel- 
low; hindwing with the round white cell spot. 

Head, throax, and abdomen violet. 

Lizpanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, November, 
1904. 

Ty pe. 


Cat. No. 9251, U.S.N.M. 
PAMMERIS FUMATA, new species. 


Forewing.—W ith a smoky purplish patch on inner margin from base 
to anal angle, rounded above; the rest of the wing yellowish, but more 
or less obscured in the costal half of wing by a purplish suffusion, the 
anal angle also remaining yellow and unsuffused; in the outer area two 
dentate-lunulate dark lines are visible, nearly parallel to outer margin; 
marginal spots purple; fringe yellow. 

Hindwing.—W holly smoky purplish, the extreme hind margin only 
yellowish; fringe and marginal spots as in forewing; two white spots 
on discocellular, one at each end; the dark outer lines are just traceable. 

Under side of forewing dull rosy, the inner margin narrow purplish 
gray; hindwing purplish gray, with the hind margin yellowish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen smoky purplish. 

Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, March, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9252, U.S.N.M. ; 


a 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 455 


Genus PTYCHOPODA Stephens. 
PTYCHOPODA FINITA, new species. 


Forewing.—Y ellowish ochreous, somewhat glossy; a small black cell 
spot; above it on the costa a slight dark spot and another on inner 
margin, between which a faint median line can be traced; outer line 
purplish black from quite two-thirds of costa straight toward anal 
angle as far as submedian fold, along which it runs shortly basewards, 
then vertical to inner margin; the marginal area purplish gray, except 
the apex, which remains ochreous; a row of dark marginal dashes 
between the veins; fringe ochreous. 

[Tindwing.—W ith the margin purplish gray from apex to anal angle, 
edged inwardly by the dark outer line; cell spot dark; fringe ochreous. 

Under side like upper, but the costa of forewing rosy tinged. 

Face and palpi purplish; vertex white; thorax and abdomen ochreous; 
the dorsum tinged with brownish. 

Expanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male, February, 1904. 

Resembles Ptychopoda limitata Warren, from Venezuela, but the 
margin is much darker. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9253, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA FISSILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Y ellow, with deep rosy markings; costa purplish rosy 
to median line; first line from one-third of costa, obliquely curved 
inward; median wavy, inbent to touch the small cell spot and again 
below middle; outer line from three-fourths, thick and denticulate, 
strongly incurved on submedian fold, followed closely by a purplish 
dentate shade, the interval in one case filled up with purplish so as to 
form a band; a narrow purplish shade before margin, obsolete below 
middle; fringe yellow, broad; no marginal spots. 

Hindwing.— With the base purplish anda thick antemedian purplish 
line straight from one-third of costa to middle of inner margin; the 
rest as in forewing. 

Under side with the markings clearer. 

Face and palpi deep rosy; vertex and antenne white; thorax and 
abdomen yellow, more or less tinged with red; in one female wholly red. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 11 mm.; female, 13 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; | male, 2 females, January, 
February, and June, 1904. 

The hind margin of hindwings is strongly rounded. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9254, U.S.N.M. 


456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


PTYCHOPODA FLAVICINCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Violet; the costa paler; fringe, and a rather broad stripe 
of hind margin, yellow; the violet darker before the yellow. 

TTindwing.—The same. 

Under side violet; the space beyond the deep violet shade and the 
fringe dull rosy; in the hindwing the violet area is traversed by a dark 
shade at middle as well as before the yellow fringe. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen violet; base of shoulders whitish. 

Expanse of wings.—9 mm. 

Locality. —Cayenne, French Guiana, January, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9255, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA FLEXIVITTA, new species. 


Forewing.— Pale yellow, crossed by four slightly lustrous lilac 
bands edged with reddish; the costal margin of the same color and the 
base. of wing narrowly; antemedian and median bands elbowed out- 
ward at middle, incurved above and below; outer band more sinuous, 
elbowed outward on veins 6 and 8, insinuate on the folds; marginal 
band narrower, and not reaching anal angle; fringe yellow. 

Hindwing.—W ith four bands, one at base, one antemedian, straight; 
the postmedian sinuous and the outer marginal also complete and 
sinuous. 

Under side pale straw-color, with the bands blurred and obscure. 

Head, collar and antenne red-brown; thorax and abdomen yellow; 
forelegs red-brown in front. 

12 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, March, 
1904. 

Hindwing with veins 3, 4 stalked as well as 6, 7. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9256, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA IMBELLIS, new species. 


Expanse of wings. 


lorewing.—Bone-color, sprinkled with gray scales; the lines slightly 
inarked, darker gray, oblique, parallel to hind margin; inner at one- 
third; median, thicker, at nearly two-thirds; outer at three-fourths, 
indented at submedian fold; submarginal faint; cell spot blackish, 
small, touching the median shade; marginal line faintly blackish; 
fringe speckled, like wings. 

Hindwing.—With the cell spot blackish, distinct, and the three 
outer lines. 

Under side dark gray in forewing, lighter in hindwing, with outer 
line in each wing and the cell spot distinct. 
~ Thorax and abdomen dark gray; head wanting. 

Hxpanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality.—Jamaica; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9257, U.S.N.M. 


ai 


ae 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS— WARREN. 457 


PTYCHOPODA MARASCIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale ochreous with a slight olive tinge; first line very 
obscure at one-third, obliquely curved; outer line from three-fourths 
of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, starting from a dark brown 
spot, obliquely curved parallel to hind margin and forming a slight 
sinus outward below vein 4; basal space and marginal area darkened 
with pale brownish gray scales which extend along costa to the middle 
of wing; in the marginal area a pale waved submarginal line; fringe 
concolorous; cell spot black. 

Hindwing.—Similar, but without basal markings. 

Under side like upper, but the brown markings deeper; a marginal 
row of dark dashes. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-ochreous; face, palpi, and shoul- 
ders brownish; vertex white; dorsum shaded with brown. 

Expanse of wings. —17 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male, 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9258, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA MUSCIFASCIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Bone-color, suffused with dull flesh-color, more deeply 
toward hind margin; first and second lines from one-third and two- 
thirds of costa, dark moss-green; the first simply curved, the second 
outcurved round cell and waved, running in along vein 3 to inner 
margin just beyond middle; this outer line is broadly edged inwardly 
with dark moss-green, which at inner margin extends to inner line, 
and outwardly is followed by a pale line; submarginal line pale, wavy; 
fringe pale; cell spot moss-green; the green band before outer line is 
interrupted between 2 and 3. 

Hindwing.—With the band antemedian, indented in middle; base of 
wing pale, with moss-green atoms; outer half uniform flesh-color with 
straight pale submarginal line. 

Under side olive-gray and ochreous; cell spots and vein dots mark- 
ing outer line, blackish, the dark green band showing through. 

Face and palpi dark red-brown; vertex whitish; shoulders and pata- 
gia bone-color; abdomen flesh-color, with a dark green spot on second 
segment. 

EKxpanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, July, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9259, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA PURPUREOVITTATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale yellow, sprinkled with purplish scales, except just 
before outer line, and most thickly near base; at one-fourth and one- 
half of costa two purplish spots from which indistinct inner and median 


- . 


458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


lines rise, both indented on submedian fold, the median widely out- 
curved round the purplish cell spot; outer line deeper purple, from 
three-fourths of costa to just before anal angle, faintly excurved below 
middle, followed by a purplish band with irregular outer edge; a row 
of purplish marginal spots; fringe yellow. 

TTindwing.—Similar, without inner line; the outer line more distinct. 

Under side paler, the markings clearer; a slight submarginal shade 
is more distinct than on upper side. 

Face deep red; vertex and antenne white; thorax and abdomen 
yellow ochreous with reddish dusting. 

Kxpanse of wings.—11-12 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 2 females, January, February, 
L904. 

The second of these specimens is entirely suffused with purplish on 
the upper side, and on the thorax and dorsum; the fringes dull yellow. 

Veins 3, + as well as 6, 7 stalked in the hindwings. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9260, JiS.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA RUFARENARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—In male ochreous, slightly dusted with grayish rufous; 
in female sandy-ochreous, more thickly dusted throughout; lines 
darker, more conspicuous in the male; the inner at one-third, slightly 
curved at costa, then straight and vertical; the outer from three- 
fourths of costa, outcurved, and below middle slightly crenulate, inbent 
on submedian fold; a faint median shade touching the black cell spot; 
marginal area more thickly dusted; marginal line purplish; fringe 
rufous, with dark checkering beyond veins in basal half. 

HTindwing.—W ithout basal line. 

Under side yellowish, with cell spots; outer, and marginal lines dull 
purplish; forewing with the cell and costal area above it, and the 


marginal area rufous; in the female both wings are more uniformly 


tinged both above and below. 
Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face dark brown-red. 
Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 
Locality. —Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 female, 1 male, January, 
February, 1904. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9261, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA SIMILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep yellow, with an olive flush, crossed by four waved 
purplish rosy lines, placed almost exactly as the bands in P. flew/vitta, 
the costa also being dark purplish rosy throughout; fringe yellow. 

HTindwing.—W ith four similar lines. 

Under side much paler, straw-yellow; the forewing largely suffused 
with dull rosy; the lines in both wings dull rosy; in forewing the cell 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—W4ARREN. 459 


spot and outer line toward costa become blackish. Head and antennze 
deep purplish brown; thorax and abdomen yellow. 

Expanse of wings.—11 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, March, 
1904. 

Hindwing with veins 3, 4 stalked, as well as 6, 7. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9262, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA TENEBRICA, new species. 


Forewing.—Gray , dusted with darker; the lines dark, starting from 
black costal spots at one-third, one-half, and two-thirds; the first and 
second angled in cell; the third on vein 6, then all oblique inward and 
waved, the outer marked by black spots on veins; space between first 
and submarginal line, which is pale and waved, blacker gray than the 
rest of wing; cell spot black; a fine marginal line; fringe gray, with 
dark checkering. 

Hindwing.—W ithout basal line. 

Under side cinereous, with all the markings darker. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face and palpi black. 

Expanse of wings. —15 mm. 

Locality.—Santiago, Cuba; 1 male, June, 1902. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9263, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA USTIMARGO, new species. 


Forewing.—Bone-color with a faint olive-gray tinge; costa narrowly 
purple; cell spot small and dark; a thick minutely crenulate dark 
purple outer line from three-fourths of costa straight toward hind 
margin at end of vein 2, there bluntly bent inward to submarginal 
fold and again at right angles to anal angle, the area beyond filled in 
with purplish gray, becoming paler and more ochreous toward costa; 
marginal line thickly deep purplish; fringe brownish rufous. In the 
single specimen there are traces of a fine curved median line and of an 
inner line on inner margin; these are probably more distinct in some 
specimens. 

Hindwing.—With more visible traces of two dark lines across wing; 
marginal line and fringe as in forewing, the former preceded from 
apex to middle by a narrow purplish shade. 

Under side ochreous, suffused with rosy; the marginal areas and 
fringes rosy brown. 

Head dark purple; thorax and abdomen like wings, but the dorsum 
purplish. 

Eixpanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana; 1 female. 

Veins 3, + of hindwings stalked, as well as 6, 7. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9264, U.S.N.M. 


pe 


460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


PTYCHOPODA VAGULA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale olive-ochreous; crossed by three broadish white 
lines, the first curved before middle, the second beyond middle, also 
curved and indented below median; the third submarginal, from 
before apex to anal angle, waved above; space between first and second 
lines darkened with gray scales, especially outwardly; a row of minute 
blackish marginal dots; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—-W ithout first line; some dark scales before median line. 

Under side suffused with ochreous, the markings showing through. 

Thorax and abdomen like wings; vertex and antenne white; face 
and palpi black. 

Expanse of wings.—12 mm. 

Localities. —St. Jean, Maroni River; 1 male, April, 1904; Cayenne, 
French Guiana; 2 males, January and February, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9265, U.S.N.M. 


PTYCHOPODA VITTICOSTATA, new species. 


Superticially much like 7. griseocostata Warren, from which it may 
be distinguished by the following points; the red coloring is paler; 
the ochreous gray costal streak is much broader and reaches to apex 
instead of stopping short at two-thirds of costa; there are clear traces 
of red cross lines especially of a much outcurved postmedian and a 
broad submarginal. The hindwing appears to be angled at vein 6, 
owing to the red marginal band running out into the yellow fringe, 
which is not the case in griseocostata. Lastly the present species — 
expands 14 mm. only, as against 17 mm. in the other. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, March, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9266, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCHISTOCOLPIA, new genus. 


An offshoot from Dysephyra Warren, characterized by an abnormal 
structure of the hindwing of the male. The hind margin of the wing 
is deeply excised along vein 5 for half the length, the sides of the 
incision fringed; this is concealed on the under side by a broad fringe — 
of long silky hairs, rising from the base of the joint stem of veins 6 
and 7 and curving along vein 6 to the end of the incision on hind 
margin, the hairs decreasing in length suddenly; the course of vein 6 
is curved, not straight; the hind margin is, besides, incurved from vein 
7 to 4, where it is bluntly prominent, so that the general outline of 
the wing appears irregular. 

The antenne of the male, as in Dysephyra, are fasciculate-ciliate. 

Type.—Schistocolpia crinita, new species. 


ai 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 461 


SCHISTOCOLPIA CRINITA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull red-brown, the costal edge pale ochreous; mark- 
ings brownish, very obscure; a curved inner line from one-half of costa 
to one-third of inner margin; a median line from beyond middle of 
costa, excurved round cell to beyond middle of inner margin; both 
these thick and diffuse; outer line finer and marked by dark spots on 
veins; from three-fourths of costa to inner margin close before anal 
angle, strongly insinuate below vein 3 parallel to median; a fine dark 
marginal line, interrupted at each vein; fringe concolorous with small 
dark dots beyeed veins; cell spot black, small. 

fHindwing.—Like forewing, but the cell spot snow-white with Blne k 
edging which is slightly produced toward costa. 

Under side dark rosy with the outer line deeper; forewing with a 
subcostal streak of ochreous scales; in the female the cell spot of 
hindwing shows whitish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings; anal segment 
of abdomen ochreous; face and palpi deep red; vertex and antennal 
shaft snow-white; legs and abdomen beneath dull rosy. 

Eixpanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Localities. St. Laurent, Maroni River; 1 male, December, 1904; 
Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male, January, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9267, U.S.N.M. 


Genus STERRHA Hubner. 
STERRHA FARADA, new species. 


Forewing.—Thickly clothed with dull rufous and olive scales; the 
lines darker, diffuse, and indistinct; first line bent in cell, then cules: 
a thick median shade, curved beyond the cell spot, which is indistinctly 
ocelloid with center pale; outer line finer; dentate-lunulate at five- 
sixths; a dark marginal line; fringe gray. 

findwing.—W ithout first line. 

Under side pale ochreous, in the forewing suffused with pinkish 


| gray; the outer lines marked in both wings. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face and palpi brown above, 
paler below. 

Expanse of wings.—25 mm. 

Locality.— Guadalajara, Mexico; 1 female. 

Near to Sterrha injficeta Dognin, from Ecuador, and also resembling 
| Emmiltis ochratipennis Warren, oe Venezuela, but this is yellower. 
| Hind tibizw with terminal spurs pale : 

Type.—Cat. No! 9268, U.S.N.M. 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus S YN eo eee ste 
SYNELYS IRRUFATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Ochreous with a pinkish flush and dusted with gray; all 
the lines darker pinkish; first line fine and obscure, sharply angled in 
cell, from one-fifth of costa to one-fourth of inner margin; median 
shade thick, with obscurely dentate edge, from costa just beyond mid- 
dle; angled on vein 6, then oblique to middle of inner margin, the 
minute dark cell dot on its inner edge; outer line from five-sixths of costa 
to three-fourths of inner margin, lunulate-dentate, angled acutely out- 
ward on vein 6, followed by two submarginal lines; marginal dots 
small; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—Similar, but without inner line. 

Under side of forewing pinkish gray; of hindwing clear pale ochre- 
ous; the outer lines, cell spots, and marginal dots represented. 

Face, palpi, and collar dark, black-brown; vertex, antenne, thorax, 
and abdomen like wings. 

Expanse of wings.—24 mm. 

Locality. —Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9269, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TRICE NT RAS] Warren. 
TRICENTRA AURILIMBATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Unitormly lake-red; the fringe and a narrow strip of 
margin bright yellow; the edge of the red ground uniformly undulat- 
ing between the veins; the three lines similarly wavy, slightly darker 
than ground color; the inner simply curved, the two outer excurved 
above and incurved below middle; discal mark a long narrow line of 
whitish, each end a white dot. 

ITindwing.—The same, without first line. 

Under side very pale pink, the fringes pale yellow; costa of fore- 
wing deep red at base. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen above red like wings; abdomen below; 
pectus, and legs, lower part of face, and under side of palpi pale ochre- 
ous; antenne and fore legs deep red. 

Expanse of wings.—1T mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; January, 
L905. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9270,-U.S.N.M. 


TRICENTRA BIGUTTATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull pink, suffused with olive-gray-brown; this suffusion 
extending over the basal area to first line, along the costa, between the 
discocellular and the second line, and forming streaks between the 


- - 
a a 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 463 


veins toward hind margin; the three lines rather thick, olive-fuscous, 
waved; the two outer, as usual, outcurved above middle and incurved 
on submedian fold, the inner line outcurved on the same fold and 
nearly touching second; on discocellular two large round silvery-white 
spots finely ringed with scarlet; marginal line olive-fuscous, thick; 
fringe pale yellow, with gray dusting. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing. 

Under side dull grayish pink; the fringe dull yellow. 

Head, thorax, antenne, and forelegs olive-fuscous; the face red- 
brown; under side of abdomen and legs dull pink. 

Expanse of wings.—18 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, March, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9271, U.S.N.M. 


\ 


TRICENTRA BRUNNEOMARGINATA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hitish straw-color; the costal and hind margins broadly 
olive-brown; the costal margin at base starting from inner margin; 
the apex more broadly brown; cell mark double, formed by two white 
spots, that at upper end of discocellular a dot, the lower one round and 
large, both surrounded by brown scales on a yellow ground; three wavy 
red lines, antemedian, median, and postmedian, the last two outcurved 
widely above and incurved on submedian fold; the edge of the brown 
costal margin at base is edged with red, and the curved inner edge of 
the outer margin with red wedge-shaped marks on veins preceding a 
dark brown dentate line; marginal line dark brown, fringe dark olive 
yellowish, with brown patches at apex; middle, and anal angle, the yel- 
low tinge slightly encroaching on the brown margin above and below 
middle. 

findwing.—Similar, but the two cell marks both large and white. 

Under side pinky cream-color; the dark markings brownish rosy; 
cell of forewing also rosy tinged; fringe olive-yellow. 

Head, shoulders, patagia, and base of abdomen red-brown, rest of 
abdomen ochreous tinged with brown; lower half of face, fillet, thorax, 

_and base of patagiaochreous; abdomen below and legs ochreous; fore- 
legs red-brown. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, October, 1904. 
Type.—-Cat. No. 9272, U.S.N.M. 


| 


TRICENTRA COLLIGATA, new species. 


_ Forewing.—Yellow; the costa narrowly bronzy purple; all the 
markings blood-red; these consist of an antemedian and postmedian 
_line, and a median and marginal fascia; these are all connected by a 
horizontal band running from base to hind margin along the submedian 
fold; fringe yellow, marked at apex and from vein 4 to 1 with blood- 
red, 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL eX Se 


ITindwing.—W ith three large blood-red costal blotches giving rise 
to two thick curved lines attenuated in middle, and a broad marginal 
band; base of wing marked also slightly with red; fringe yellow with 
a blood-red patch at middle. 

Under side dull red; forewing with anal region yellow and upper 
half of fringe; hindwing with base and two narrow bands yellow; 
fringe yellow except at middle. Collar, vertex, antennz, face, and 
palpi deep red; shoulders, thorax, and basal half of patagia yellow; 
tips of patagia red; dorsum red with a yellow stripe down the middle; 
under side of abdomen and legs yellow; legs externally rosy. 

Expanse of wings.—11 mm. 

; June, 1904. 


“Cat. No. 9278, U.S.N.M. 


Type. 
TRICENTRA CONSEQUENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Bright brick-red, along the costa and toward apex lilac- 
gray; the costa with brown dusting; lines red-brown; first near base 
strongly outcurved in cell before the cell spot, which consists of two 
partially confluent silvery white dots followed immediately by a quad- 
rate deep red-brown patch; outer and submarginal lines parallel to each 
other, outcurved to submedian fold; hind margin yellow, more broadly 
above middle, preceded by a purplish brown band, which is itself 
broader above middle; fringe yellow. 

TTindwing.—Wholly brick-red, with similar markings; the brown 
band before the yellow hind margin of uniform width. 

Under side pale pink, darker toward margin, with the outer line 
darker; fringes and hind margins pale yellow. 

Head dark brown; thorax and abdomen bright brick-red. 

Expanse of wings. —\7T mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 2 males, January, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9974, U.S.N.M. 


TRICENTRA FLAVISTIGMA, new species. 


Forewing.—Uniform dark violet; the fringe and extreme hind mar- 
gin yellow; the extremity of the violet area crenulate from vein to 
vein and touching margin at vein 3; three dark waved cross lines, the 
inner simply curved, the outer two incurved below middle; cell spot a 
long oval, yellow, edged with red; costal edge narrowly white. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing. 

Under side duller; the yellow cell marks plainer. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings; vertex and 
antennal shaft snow-white. 

Expanse of wings. —18 mm. 

Locality. Reray Essequibo, British Guiana, September, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9275, U.S.N.M. 


dj 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. i 465 


TRICENTRA IGNEFUMOSA, new species. 


Forewing. —W ith a broad costal streak and outer third of wing olive; 
the rest of wing to three-fourths of inner margin and as far as the 
cell-fold deep red, edged outwardly by a thick dark shade; base of 
costa deep purple; the three lines purple, first oblique outward from 
one-sixth of costa, outcurved above and below median, to one-third of 
inner margin, the inclosed space deeper red; postmedian and submar- 
ginal lines dentate-lunulate, parallel, outcurved above and incurved to 
vein 2, thence vertical; a small white dot at lower end of discocellular; 
fringe yellow, slightly tinging the outer margin. 

Hindwing.—W ith the whole basal half red, its outside edge darkened 
by two thick nearly coalescent black lines; the extreme base deeper 
red; cell mark angulated, yellow, wider at extremities than in middle; 
rest of wing olive; fringe yellow. 

Under side smooth pinkish white, the forewing suffused with dull 
purple; a postmedian thick median shade across each wing, blackish, 
tinged with vinous; fringes yellow. 

Head, thorax, and basal half of abdomen red; anal half olive; under 
side and legs pinkish ochreous; forelegs red. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, November, 
1904. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9276, U.S.N.M. 


TRICENTRA PERCROCEA, new species. 


Forewing.— Golden yellow, speckled with reddish brown scales; the 
base and apex above middle suffused with red-brown; basal lines very 
obscure, outcurved at one-third; the two outer lines from three-fifths 
and three-fourths of costa to two-thirds and five-sixths of inner margin, 
respectively, both strongly dentate, but the inner of the two obscurely 
marked, except beyond cell, where it bears two large teeth more or 
less confluent into a blotch; an interrupted dark marginal line; fringe 

yellow, with a black blotch at vein 4. 

Hindwing.—Yellow; only the submarginal line marked, the area 
beyond it dusted with olive scales; on the discocellular two single rings 
of purplish scales; fringe pale yellow, dusted with gray toward apex. 

Under side pale yellow; upper half of forewing dull rosy; the dark 
blotch in postmedian line square and prominently darker, running out 
into the dark spot in fringe. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen deep yellow, varied with red; collar 
vertex, upper part of face, and palpi reddish; third segment of 
abdomen marked with red-brown. 

Expanse of wings:—16 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; March, 1904. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——30 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Forewing bluntly bent at vein 4; when fresh the forewing possibly 
has a discal mark like the hindwing. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9277, U.S.N.M. 


TRICENTRA VINOSATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep vinous-red, suffused with darker, more or less 
obliterating all markings; fringe yellow from apex to middle where 
the wing is indented, and again beyond submedian interspace, where 
the extreme hind margin also is yellow; a minute dot of silvery white 
scales at bottom of discocellular. 

Hindwing.—Slightly paler, showing a dark basal line, broad median 
fascia, and acutely dentate postmedian line; marginal line dark before 
the yellow fringe, which is broadly interrupted with vinous beyond 
vein 6 and below middle; cell spot linear, paler vinous. 

Under side deep dull rosy, with the fringe yellow. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen deep vinous; abdomen beneath and legs 
pinkish ocherous. 

Expanse of wings.—18 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, November, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9278, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily HY DRIOMBENIN A. 


Genus EUDULE Hubner. 
EUDULE BASIPUNCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Greenish brown, the same color as in £. annuligera 
Warren, slightly transparent, with the veins and cell spot showing 
darker; a small red spot at extreme base. 

[Tindwing.—Deep red; the base, costa, from before middle and hind 
margin blackish, of uniform width; fringe blackish; inner margin 
quite narrowly black; a small black cell spot. 

Under side like upper, but the forewing paler. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish; a red spot at sides of thorax. 
Expanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality.—Chachapoyas, Peru, 1889 (de Mathan); 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9279, U.S.N.M. 


EUDULE PARCA, new species. 


Forewing.—Semitransparent, dull red at base, dull smoky blackish 
in the larger outer half, costa narrowly dark from base; the red color 
occupies three-fourths of the length of the cell ending in a round pro- 
jection and fills up the space between veins 1 and 2, ending at four- 
fifths in a blunt projection; inner margin dark below vein 1; fringe 
smoky blackish. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 467 


Tindwing.—Smoky blackish, the costa from base to halfway and 
reaching to middle of cell red. 

Underside like upper. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish. 

Eixpanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.-_Loja, Ecuador; 1 male. 

The amount of red is much more restricted, especially in the hind- 
wings, than in /. herona Druce. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9280, U.S.N.M. 


Genus LEPTIDULE Butler. 
LEPTIDULE SULCIFERA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep yellow, more opaque along the margin, semitrans- 
parent in the center below median vein, which runs not along the cen- 
_ter of wing, as usual, but at only one-fourth from costa, the cell with 
a longitudinal furrow from base to end and a thickening and contor- 
tion of the wing membrane toward end below the subcostal. 
| TTindwing.—W ithout furrow or contortion. 
Underside the same. 
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings; antenne, front 
of forelegs, and the tarsi of all the legs blackish. 
Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 
Locality.—Oaxaca, Mexico; 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9281, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CAMBOGIA Guenée. 
CAMBOGIA CANCELLATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale yellow; the veins and lines reddish brown; the 
lines all thicker at costa; four in basal area, all bent in cell, then 
{ inwardly oblique; the fourth obsolete below middle; fifth, parallel to 
the other four, touches the large black cell spot forming the inner 
edge of the central fascia; three postmedian lines, angled outward on 
| veins 6 and 4, complete the band; above the cell spot an oblique streak 
| from costa runs into the sixth line; three finer waved, lunulate and 
| submarginal lines, the third hardly visible; marginal line crenulate; 
| fringe yellow, checkered with brown. 
| LHindwing.—With two short lines close to base, followed by the 
| brown-black cell spot, the lines beyond it as in forewing, but somewhat 
| less regular. 

' Underside whitish; the lines showing dull brown; the cell spot 
- black. 

' Face and palpi deep ferruginous; vertex and thorax yellow, spotted 
‘with brown; abdomen wanting. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locality.—Carabaya, southeastern Peru; 1 male. 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


The hind margin of both wings is distinctly crenulate, of hindwing 
faintly angled at vein 4. 
Type. —Cat. No. 9282, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BOMBIA, new genus. 


Distinguished from //eterusia, with which it agrees in neuration, 
by the shape of wings. 

Forewing.—Costa sinuate, indented before apex, which is bluntly 
produced and subfalcate; hind margin strongly protuberant in middle. 

SHTindwing.—Protuberant at middle of hind margin and with the 
anal angle lobed; the inner margin strongly lobed at one-third. 

Antenne lamellate, quite simple; face and palpi hairy; tongue and 
frenulum present, the latter very fine. 

Type.—Bombia protuberans, new species. 


BOMBIA PROTUBERANS, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark fuscous-brown, toward base more olive-brown; an 
oblique oval white blotch beyond celi between veins 5 and 3, its lower 
edge along vein 3 flattened; fringe concolorous. 


[HTindwing.—With the base more broadly olive-brown and without | 


a blotch. 
Under side of forewing in basal half deep snuff-brown, the outer 


area grizzled-gray, the apex paler; the white blotch as above; hind- | 
wing, grizzled-gray, striated with black, with the inner margin and — 


fSig) ei 
two outer bands obscurely reddish. 


Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-brown, legs ochreous with darker 
color. 

Expanse of wings.—24 mm. 

Locality.—Chachapoyas, Peru, 1889 (de Mathan), 1 male. 

The unique specimen is, unfortunately, much wasted. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9283, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ERATEINA Doubleday. 
ERATEINA BRUNNEA, new species. 


horewing.—Dark olive-brown, more olive toward base, tinged along 
hind margin and toward anal angle with red; a slightly curved hyaline 
white band just beyond middle from below subcostal vein to vein 2 at 
two-thirds of its length; the veins across it marked darker on its outer 
edge; fringe brown and red, the tips white. 

ITindwing.—Dult coppery red, the basal two-fifths dull olive-fus- 
cous; a narrow blackish margin to vein 6, below it marked only by a 
few blackish scales on the veins, which are dark at their ends; fringe 
white between the veins, blackish beyond them. 

Under side of forewing purplish red, paler red mixed with yellow 


No. 1456, NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 469 


scales toward hind margin; inner margin below median vein nearly 
to anal angle silvery white, its outer edge commencing as a broad 
spot in middle of cell; discocellular marked by a narrow lustrous 
line; the white hyaline band extended to costa above and there opaque, 
below vein 2 curved and quite narrow, inclosing a dull blackish space; 
a dull yellow submarginal streak; fringe olive, mottled with paler; 
hindwing with the flap and space immediately beyond vinous-red 
splashed with silvery scales and with the veins pale before a wavy- 
edged band of which the upper half is silvery white and the lower 
pale fawn-color, followed by a broader band of orange-red, edged 
above with some yellow scales; marginal area deep vinous-red, varied 
with black and yellow scales, running out into the fringe along the 
veins, which between them is bright white. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-fuscous; orbits of the eyes, a fine 
line down center of face, and under side of palpi white; segmental 
rings of abdomen yellow above, white beneath; pectus and femora 
silky white, rest of legs mottled with pale. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality.—Bolivia; 1 male. 

The hindwing is shaped muchas in wndu/ata Saunders, and the white 
band of forewing is nearest that of druced Theirry-Meig. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9284, U.S.N.M. 


ERATEINA SATELLITES, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark olive-brown; the veins and costal edge whitish, 
especially toward hind margin; a roundish hyaline white blotch 
between veins 2 and 4 at their origin touching the fine white cell mark; 
beyond it toward hind margin between veins 2 and 3a small round 
yellow spot; fringe (worn) concolorous. 

Ilindwing.— Brown-black with a hyaline white central blotch with 
curved outer edge running from vein 6 to 2, its basal edge diffuse. 

Under side of forewing like upper, but the veins toward margin 
broadly pale and the discocellular white and crescentic; hindwing 
white, with broad dark marginal border crossed by white veins, and 
with a white marginal line and a yellow blotch between veins 2 and 3; 
flap white and small. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous; segments of abdomen ringed 
with white; edges of patagia ochreous; corslet yellow; face black, 
with white cheeks. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locality.—Bolivia; 1 male. 

Hindwings rounded, as in sé/iquata Guenée and radiaria Herrich- 
_ Schaeffer. 

Type. —Cat. No. 9885, U.S.N.M. 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus OREONOMA Warren. 
OREONOMA RUBRIPLAGA, new species. 


Forewing.—Brown-black, with four orange-red blotches; three above 
middle of wing, and one much larger below it; the three outwardly 
oblique and parallel, first quite small at middle of cell, the second 
oval along the discocellular, the third twice as long but narrower, 
reaching from vein 8 to 4; the large one below lies along vein 1, is 
broadest at middle and almost or quite touches the discocellular spot 
above; a minute red dot on vein 2; costa at base obscurely reddish; 
fringe brown-black. 

[Tindwing.—Brown-black with obscure red submarginal dots on 
veins 1 and 5 and on the submedian fold; fringe concolorous. 

Under side of forewing blackish brown; costa and apex red; base 
of costa with two yellow spots; the orange spots as above, the outer- 
most extended to costa and there whitish; the cell with scattered 
orange scales; fringe and hind margin brown; hindwing olive-brown; 
the base of costa and a broad smear from base of cell narrowing to 
hind margin silvery white, both edged with and concealing some 
vinous-red scales; fringe brown above vein 4, with the basal half 
silvery white, preceded by vinous scales. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown, the thorax with some 
reddish hairs; abdomen beneath and the rough hairs on the femora of 
legs whitish. 


Kxpanse of wings.—83 mm. 
Locality.—Cajon, Peru; 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9286, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TROCHIODES Guenée. 
TROCHIODES SUBPOHLIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep black, with an oblique hyaline white blotch from 
subcostal vein before middle, bounded below by vein 2, its outer end 
widened and rounded, reaching to two-thirds of vein 3, twice slightly 
indented outwardly and once inwardly, the veins across it finely black; 
the subcostal vein before it along cell fringed with a comb of long 
oblique dark hairs, from the base of which a long pencil of ochreous 
hair rises, reaching to end of cell, but normally concealed in a furrow 
running below median vein between it and a raised blister-like patch 
below cell; inner margin with a streak of blue scales from base to 
beyond middle. 

Hindwing.—Hyaline white, with the borders broadly black; the 
white space resembling that in 7. cachara Schaus, the veins across it 
white, except shortly along margins; fringe black, with a white spot 
between veins 5 and 6; inner margin blue, as in forewing. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. AQ1 


Under side as in poh/iata Felder; forewing atte a dcop indented 
furrow from above submedian fold from near base to below end of 
cell. 

Expanse of wings. 

Locality.—San Antonio, Bolivia (Garlepp), 1 male. 

The type of pohliata Felder is a female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9287, U.S.N.M. 


Genus COPHOPODA, new genus. 


Forewing.—Elongate; costa straight; apex acute, especially in 
female; hind margin obliquely curved, in female slightly sinuous. 

Iindwing.—Klongate; inner margin proper very short, visibly 
lobed, almost in a line with lower part of hind margin, which is bluntly 
bent at vein 4. 

Antenne of male bipectinate for two-thirds, the pectinations tnick- 
ened upward; of female filiform; palpi slender, porrect, short, not 
reaching beyond face; tongue fine; frenulum present; fore and middle 
legs long and slender; hind legs short, somewhat aborted, without 
spurs; abdomen long in both sexes; anal tuft bitid above. 

Neuration.—Forewing, cell more than half as long as wing; disco- 
cellular short, vertical; first median neryule at three-fourths; second 
at seven-eighths; radials normal, but 5 somewhat above middle of dis- 
cocellular; 7, 8, 9, stalked; 10 and 11 from cell, 10 anastomosing with 
11 and again with 8, 9,-the areole being double; hindwing, costal and 
subcostal anastomosing nearly to end of cell; 6, 7 hardly stalked; dis- 
cocellular oblique, radial from the center; medians as in forewing. 

Type.— Cophopoda pyralidimima, new species. 


COPHOPODA PYRALIDIMIMA, new species. 


Forewing.—Rusty ochreous, dusted with dark gray; the base of costa 
and streaks along the two folds somewhat paler, with the dusting 
thicker; the two lines dark gray, but obscure; first from one-fourth 
of costa to one-third of inner margin, sharply angled in cell; outer 
from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, angled on vein 
6; just beyond it on inner margin traces of a parallel median shade; 
cell spot brown; a row of marginal black dots between veins; fringe 
rusty gray, darker, the basal half darker; costa dotted with blackish. 

Hindwing.—Grayish ochreous, thickly dusted with dark gray, with 
a pale curved submarginal space; cell spot dark; fringe of inner mar- 
gin long, dusky with black. 

Under side gray-brown thickly powdered with dark atoms; outer 
line and cell spots brown. 

Vertex and thorax like forewing; abdomen like hindwing; face and 
fore legs brownish; antennal shaft pale ochreous, the pectinations 
blackish. 


4792 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Expanse of wings.—Male, 22 mm.; female, 20 mm. 
Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 2 males, 1 female. 

The single female is paler and slightly smaller than the males.. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9288, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DOCHEPHORA Warren. 
DOCHEPHORA FUMOSA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull gray-brown, with traces of dark lines on costa; 
outer line at two-thirds curved, double, denticulate; cell spot large, 
dark brown; the whole of the central space below median, extending 
almost to base, filled with fuscous-brown scales; submarginal line pale, 
denticulate, preceded by a dark shade; fringe brown; subcostal space 
pale ochreous. 

ITindwing.—Pale brown, much clouded with darker; the pouch- 
like space above dark and the pencil of hairs from base whitish. 

Under side of forewing dull brown, with the cell spot and outer 
line dark; the pencil of hairs ochreous; hindwing brown, with the 
costal and apical area and the pouch blackish. 

Head and prothorax pale ochreous; thorax and abdomen brownish; 
second segment with a broad blackish ring; the others marked with 
black. 

Expanse of wings.—19 mm. 

Locality.—Aroa, Venezuela; 1 male, 1 female. 

The female is paler and has all the basal markings, as well as the 
others, distinct from costa to inner margin, and three lines on the 
hindwings. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9289, U.S.N.M. 


DOCHEPHORA NUDATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale grayish brown, the subcostal vein narrowly ochre- 
ous; along the basal half of costa can be seen a dark curved line near 
base followed by a pale band, and three or four dark lines in the cen- 
tral fascia, none reaching below cell; a long, oval, blackish, scaled 
pouch between the median and first median nervule; at two-thirds, a 
dark pale-edged outer line, indented on vein 7, then outcurved before 
running inward, touching the outer end of the pouch to beyond middle 
of inner margin, followed by two more faint dark lines; submarginal 
line white, dentate, preceded by a dark shade; marginal line dark, 
interrupted; fringe brownish, mottled with paler, especially between 
veins 3 and 4, where the margin is also paler. 

Hindwing.—W hitish, the inner margin broadly pale brownish, with 
traces of two dark lines and a dark marginal line; fringe white. 

Under side of forewing dark gray, with the fascia marked on costa; 
inner margin whiter; the pencils of hairs white, base of pouch black- 


ry 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN, 473 


ish, the euter half brown; hindwing pale with the apex broadly dark 
brown; traces of three cross lines. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, but the head, shoulders, 
patagia, and basal segment of abdomen paler, more ochreous; a whitish 
streak across prothorax, and patagia, forming a pale spot at base of 
each forewing; forelegs fuscous in front; antenne with blackish rings. 

Expanse of wings.—25 mm. 

Locality.—Chanchamayo, Peru; 1 male. 

Very much like 2. pilosa Warren from Costa Rica, but the hind- 
wing beneath is entirely without the rough hairs with which p/losa is 
clothed. The pouchlike space on hindwing is not blackish, either above 
or below, and there seems to be no pencil of hairs from the base. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9290, U.S.N.M. 


DOCHEPHORA OBSCURATA, new species. 


Female very much like the female of 2. fwmosu from Venezuela, but 
with the ground color darker and all the lines and markings less clearly 
defined; otherwise the descriptions given above of fuwimosa applies 
equally to the present species. On the under side, however, this 
species is in both wings very much darker than the same surface of 
Jumosa, and I have no doubt that when the male is discovered it will 
be found to differ in like manner. 

Expanse of wings.—19 mm. 

Localities. —St. Jean, Maroni River; 1 female, April, 1904; 60 miles 
up the Maroni River, French Guiana, 1 female, August, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9291, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SEBASTIA Warren. 
SEBASTIA ASSIMILIS, new species. 


Exceedingly like S. deldaria Warren, described below; both sexes 
are slightly smaller and duller in coloration and markings; the face 1s 
whitish, always paler than in deldaria, the outer line is more oblique 
from the costa to the bend at vein 6; in deldaria this rises vertically 
and is bent outward below the subcostal; in both species the female 
wants the dark basal patch and central fascia, which characterize the 
male. 

Expanse of wings.— 16 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male, 2 females, January, 
1904. 

A single female from Tijuca, Brazil, expands 18 mm. like deldaria, 
but agrees entirely with the Cayenne specimens in coloration and 
markings. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9292, U.S.N.M. 


474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


SEBASTIA BALTEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Grayish white, the markings olive-gray, forming dark 
bands separated by clear pale spaces; basal patch small; pale band fol- 
lowing it with a gray patch on costa; central fascia edged by olive-gray 
bands of two lines separated by a middle pale space with a curved line 
down it; an olive-gray band before the pale submarginal line; mar- 
ginal line dark, interrupted at the veins; fringe checkered. 

Tindwing.—With all the markings reproduced, except the basal 
ones; in the male with the costal half whitish, without markings. 

Under side paler; all the markings more distinct, the ground color 
being less dusted; pencil of hairs of forewing of male white; the 
pouchlike swelling of hindwing long and colored like the rest of wing, 
apparently without pencil of hairs beneath. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, the last with dark wings; 
patagia with basal half pale, outer half olive-gray, blackish in middle. 

Expanse of wings.—\7 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 male, 1 female. 

Superticially much like the type species S. maleformata Warren, 
from Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 92938, U.S.N.M. 


SEBASTIA DELDARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male, grayish fawn-color in outer half of wing, the 
basal area and upper half of central fascia filled with dark fuscous 
scales; lines darker; basal line close to base angled on median, slightly 
paler-edged; inner edge of central fascia at one-third, angled just 
before the black cell spot; outer edge at three-fifths, angled on vein 6; 
the band beyond fascia and the lower half of the fascia itself paler; 
submarginal line waved, pale, inwardly darker edged; an interrupted 
black marginal line; fringe dark, checkered with paler. 

TTindwing.—W ith all the lines repeated in inner marginal half; the 
costal half white, the long oval pouch filled with black scales. 

Under side whitish gray, with the lines dark gray, the outer line 
black on costa of forewing; inner margin of forewing glossy white, 
the pencil of hairs white, hindwing at base a shorter tuft of bright red 
hairs; costal pouch of hindwing clothed with darker gray scales. 

Head, collar, and basal half of patagia pale ochreous; shoulders, 
thorax, and abdomen dark and light gray; antenne thickened, strongly 
ciliated. 

Lxpanse of wings. —17 mm. 

Locality.—Sio Paulo, southeastern Brazil; 1 male, 1 female. 

The female is fawn-colored throughout, without the dark basal 
shadings of the male, the upper part of central fascia alone being 
more strongly outlined. The lines are all equally plain across both 
wings and more distinct than in the male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9294, U.S.N.M. 


No, 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 475 


SEBASTIA DORMITA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male brownish cinereous, crossed by a series of darker 
lines, all oblique, parallel to hind margin below the bend in and beyond 
cell, and all thicker and darker on costa; the outer line, which is more 
strongly marked than the rest, and the line bordering the pale band 
beyond it, are both strongly indented inward below the subcostal vein, 
which, as well as the median, is slightly brownish tinged; submarginal 
line dull whitish, denticulate, connected by dark lines with the black 
dashes along margin between the veins; fringe brown-gray, in basal 
half checkered with paler, altogether pale in the apical half. 

Iindwing.—With the markings repeated below the middle, but 
fainter; upper half whitish ochreous, without dark scaling; the pencil 
of hairs lying along lower margin of costal cavity deep yellow. 

Under side pale grayish ochreous, with all the markings dark gray 
and distinct; pencil of hairs of forewing ochreous, yellower at tips. 

Male, with hindwing normal; the cell spots distinct. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. ; 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 18 mm.; female, 20 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; -+ males, 2 females. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9295, U.S.N.M. 


SEBASTIA HUMERATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male, olive-ochreous, with dark olive-gray shading; a 
short black line close to base, marked by a deep black dot on costa 
and followed by a curved shade; a dark curved, somewhat crenulate 
line followed by a diffuse shade before the black cell spot, and a simi- 
lar outer shaded line at two-thirds, followed by a pale band with dark 
thread along it; submarginal line pale, regularly waved, preceded by 
a double denticulate shade of smoky-fuscous, and followed by a band of 
same color reaching the dark marginal dashes; fringe mottled light 
and dark. 

Hindwing.—With similar shades on the inner half of wing, the 
upper half whitish without markings; the costal cavity without tuft 
of hairs. 

Under side pale whitish ochreous, with the dark gray shades distinct, 
especially the cell spots and outer line at costa; tuft of forewings pale 
whitish ochreous. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; the face and prothorax 
rather paler; thorax and abdomen with dark streaks. The female is 
larger, greener, with a violet tinge along cell of wings. 

Eixpanse of wings.—Male, 16 mm.; female, 24 mm. 

Locality.—Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil; 1 male, 1 female. 

Resembling S. dorm7ta in coloration; distinguished by the dark 
curved shades instead of oblique lines, also by a slight shoulder on 
costa of forewing at two-thirds marked by a few rough hairs. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9296, U.S.N.M. 


476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


SEBASTIA OLIVARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Olive-green, clouded with black; the lines blackish and 
diffuse; a line close to base and the usual inner line beyond, both broad, 
angled in cell; cell spot black in a pale central space of ground-color, 
followed by an oblique diffuse shade; submarginal line minutely waved, 
running close to margin; marginal line dark interrupted at the veins; 
fringe olive, with dark checkering. 

ITindwing.—With six lines and shades, the third at middle, 
broadest. 

Under side dull olive, with oblique broad postmedian and submar- 
ginal dark shades. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive; the thorax, patagia, and meta- 
thoracic tuft, with a large admixture of black scales; abdomen with 
segmental rings and dorsal points black. 

Kxpanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality.—Ecuador; 1 male. 

Both wings are narrow and elongate; the hindwing has the costal 
shoulder containing the cavity beneath much less prominent than usual, 
the cavity itself longer and covered with a plain flap, without tuft of 
hairs; the tuft of hairs on forewing and the hollow in which it lies is 
shorter than usual. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9297, U.S.N.M. 


SEBASTIA PALLIDISTRIGA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale ochreous, covered with dull gray and fuscous 
shading, the only distinct pale areas being a subcostal streak and the 
curved band beyond outer edge of central fascia; the usual lines can 
be faintly traced, the outer edge of central fascia especially being 
dark and forming a blotch beyond cell; the cell spot is large and dark. 

[Tindwing.—W ith the outer band pale, and the costal area ochreous, 
without markings. 

Under side dull ochreous with gray markings; the pencil of hairs of 
forewing pale, and the pouch of hindwing unicolorous. 

Head and shoulders and anal segments of abdomen pale ochreous, 
thorax and rest of abdomen dark olive-gray. 

Hixpanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 2 females. 

Neither specimen is in good condition, and the description above 
given is necessarily defective, but the points emphasized will be 
enough to distinguish the species; the forewings appear narrow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9298, U.S.N.M. 


di 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 477 


Genus TEPHROCLYSTIA. Hiibner. 
TEPHROCLYSTIA ANITA, new species. 


Forewing.—Karthy brown; lines thick, black, not continued below 
the median veins; basal area small, ochreous, shaded with reddish 
orange, edged by a black line; central fascia limited by thick curved 
black lines, the space between yellowish, tinged with orange; on each 
side a paler band with dark central line, the outer one edged on costa 
externally by a black streak; submarginal line hardly visible, marked 
by a pale spot between veins 3 and 4 and one at anal angle; marginal 
- line black, with pale spots at the ends of the veins; fringe brown. 

Hindwing.—W ith an indistinct dark curved central line followed 
by a paler band; traces of two dark lines toward base. 

Under side cinereous, with the markings darker; the outer line 
blackish at costa; submarginal line marked by a complete series of 
pale spots. 

Head, thorax, and basal segment of abdomen yellowish, with orange 
speckling; abdomen dark brown; the anal segments pale gray. 

EHxpanse of wings.—Male, 16 mm.; female, 17 mm. 

Localities.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male, 1 female; Jalapa, 
Mexico, 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9299, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA ANTARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Gray, dusted with darker and toward costa also with a 
few paler scales; the veins marked with short black dashes at the 
crossing of the lines which are obscurely marked otherwise; the outer 
edge of the central fascia is more distinct, bluntly angled on veins 6 
and 4, beyond which the pale band is distinct, especially at the middle 
of wing; marginal line black, interrupted at veins; with short black- 
ish streaks to the teeth of the submarginal line; cell spot black; fringe 
dark and light gray. 

TTindwing.—Pale gray, whitish toward costa, with all the lines 
darker gray, especially on inner margin; the marginal area gray; cell 
spot black. 

Under side luteous-gray, with all the lines and shades darker; cell 
spots black. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen gray; dorsum rather darker. 

Expanse of wings.—19 mm. 

Localities.—Saio Paulo, southeastern Brazil; 1 female; Castro, 
Parana, Brazil; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9300, U.S.N.M. 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA COLLINEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale gray, mixed with luteous, irregularly dusted with 
dark spots, the lines all marked by darker gray scales; oblique inward 
and flexuous, parallel to hind margin, below the bend in cell and on 
vein 6; the inner and outer edge of the central fascia and a middle line 
bent just beyond the dark cell spot being most conspicuous; the inter- 
vals between them, as well as the two pale bands on each side, with 
fainter gray lines; the gray band preceding the pale, somewhat 
blotched, submarginal line edged on both sides with dark scales; mar- 
ginal line blackish, interrupted on the veins; fringe mottled pale and 
dark grey. 

ITindwing.—W nitish, pale gray along inner margin, with all ne 
lines dark gray, but fading out toward costa. 

Under side sinooth without dusting, dull whitish; the outer lines 
thick and well marked, as well as the cell spot and costa of forewing. 

Thorax and abdomen gray, third segment of the latter with a dark 
belt; head and palpi whitish gray. 

Expanse of wings.-—Male, 17 mm.; female, 19 mm. 

Locality. —Castro, Parana, Brazil; 2 males, 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9301, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA CONDUPLICATA, new species. 


Forewing. —W hitish gray, with dark gray speckling and suffusion; 
the costa luteous; the lines blackish, all geminate; basal line preceded 
by blackish shading, the outside edge of which is strongly angled on 
both folds, the outer arm of the basal lines similarly acutely angled; 
an oblique, thick median shade before middle, the outer arm lunulate 
and obscured; outer line at three-fourths dark and strongly dentate, 
followed by an equally dentate pale. band traversed and limited by a 
dark line; submarginal line wavy, whitish, preceded by a dark gray 
shade slightly luteous-tinged, like the veins toward hind margin; mar- 
ginal area pale gray, with a whitish space between veins 3 and 4, and 
at anal angle; a black marginal line, interrupted at the veins; fringe 
whitish, mottled with gray. 

Hindwing.—W hitish; a dark gray shade at one-third and a second 
beyond two-thirds, both inwardly diffuse, with two faint gray lines 
between them; the outer also followed by a dark line, before a strongly 
zigzag submarginal one; marginal line and fringe as in forewing. 

Under side grayer, with the lines all marked, but less clearly. 

Thorax and abdomen luteous-gray, with blackish speckling; head, 
shoulders, and patagia luteous whitish; palpi dull yellow. 

Expanse of w ings.—2Q2 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 female. Near 7. dentosa Warren from 
Ecuador,-but grayer. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9302, U.S.N.M. 


Ft 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 479 


TEPHROCLYSTIA CONSORS, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark fawn-color, overlaid in basal three-fifths with 
black lines and a mixture of black and white scales; basal patch 
sharply angled outward in cell and on submedian fold; inner edge of 
central fascia black, oblique, straight outward to middle of cell, 
and touching the black cell spot, there acutely angled and oblique 
inward; the band preceding more clearly fawn-color, outer edge 
nearly vertical, projecting slightly at vein 6, and clearly angled on 
submedian fold; it is preceded by two or three obscure blackish lines; 
submarginal line waved, white, preceded by a black shade which 
forms a double black blotch between 4 and 6, connected with cen- 
tral fascia by a patch of whitish scales, and an angled black mark 
before a white spot on submedian fold; externally it is edged with 
black and connected by black lines with the black interrupted dashes 
of the marginal line; fringe brown, mottled with darker beyond the 
veins. 

TTindwing.—Fawn-color, with an olive tinge and without any black 
suffusion; a straight wavy blackish postmedian line preceded by three 
lines at equal distances apart; a marginal deeper shade, separated from 
it by a pale band and containing the indistinct dentate submarginal 
line. 

Under side shining pale gray, with concisely curved darker bands; 
area from base to outer line darker, the line distinct and black at costa; 
cell spots black; band before submarginal line darker; base of costa 
of forewing blackish. 

Face and vertex fawn-color; palpi and thorax blackish; abdomen 
dark fawn, with blackish dorsal tufts, a blackish ring on second seg- 
ment, and black lateral lines; anal tuft white. 

Expanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 male. 

This species must be allied to 7. cercina Druce, also from Mexico, 
and it is possible that in a long series both forms might be united. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9303, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA DEFIMBRIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Gray, with a slight luteous tinge along cell; the lines 
darker, but very fine; basal area darker gray, crossed and limited by 
|adark line; the band following pale with a dark gray thread; bands 
‘edging the central fascia dark gray only on costa, where they form 
square blotches, the outer edge lunulate-dentate, the te.th pointing 
inward, the lines preceding it marked darker on veins; cell spot black- 
ish; band beyond gray, with a dark thread; outer margin dark gray, 
traversed by a pale gray lunulate submarginal line, the lunules filled 
up with blackish; marginal dashes black between the veins; fringe 
mottled dark and light gray, the outer half much paler. 


480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


TTindwing.—Paler, more luteous, the outer lines all marked, but 
less distinctly; fringe wanting; the margin appearing as if burnt, 
strongly protuberant below middle, slightly indented beyond cell and 
submedian fold. 

Under side gray with the lines all dark gray, the outer line blackish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen gray, dorsum with blackish markings; 
anal tufts ochreous. ; 

Expanse of wings.—18 mm. 

Localities.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 2 males. I have seen several 
examples from Huaucabamba, Peru. Distinguished at once by the 
fringeless hindwing of the male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9304, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA DISCIPUNCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Bone-color, with the lines luteous-gray; these are 
slightly marked toward base, first close to base, second at one-fourth, 
obliquely curved inward; outer line plainer at two-thirds; marginal 
area gray, separated into two gray bands by the continuous pale sub- 
marginal line; cell spot dark, distinct; marginal line dark; fringe, 
like wings, with dark spots at veins. 

Hindwing.—W ithout inner line; marginal area darker. 

Under side similar; the cell spots large and conspicuous. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen bone-color; the face and palpi with a 
yellowish tinge. 

Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female. 

Superticially, this species might easily be mistaken for a Ptychopoda. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9305, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA GAUMARIA, new species. 


Forewing. —Pale brownish gray, the lines darker gray alternating 
with paler lines, which beyond the middle, that is, in the outer half of | 
central fascia and the pale band beyond, form white dots alternating 
with black ones on the veins; submarginal line wavy, pale; marginal 
black dashes between the veins; fringe gray with two dark lines; cell 
spot black. 

Hindwing.—Similar, the pale and dark markings larger, partly 
sagittate. 

Under side gray, with the outer lines and alternating dots very 
distinct. : 

Head, thorax, and abdomen speckled like wings. 

Expanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality.—Saio Paulo, southeastern Brazil; 1 female. 

This species bears a strong resemblance to the common Z, vulgata | 
Haworth. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9306, U.S.N.M. 


ai 


pyr 


xo. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 48] 


TEPHROCLYSTIA GOSLINA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale lilac; the markings dark olive-fuscous; a basal 
patch, not reaching below median vein; a sinuous central fascia, with 
paler center, its inner edge deeply indented in cell from one-third of 
costa to before one-third of inner margin; its outer from two-thirds of 
costa to two-thirds of inner margin; curved throughout and indented 
slightly below median vein; a dark shade before the submarginal line 
which is very obscure; a black cell spot touching the inner edge at the 
end of the indentation; fringe lilac. 

Hindwing.—The same, but without any basal patch; the inner edge 
of fascia straight. 

Under side paler, whitish lilac; cell spots and outer lines blackish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen lilac; middle segments of dorsum dark. 

Expanse of wings.—Female, 17 mm.; male, 16 mm. 

Localities.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 female, type; Cayenne, French 
Guiana, 1 male, January, 1904. 

The female from Jalapa has been described as the type, being in 
good condition; the male, though from a distinct locality, is certainly 
the same species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9307, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA HASTARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Fawn-color dusted with gray in the wide central area, 
including the fascia and the usually pale bands on each side of it, the 
extreme base also fawn-color; the outer half of the basal area, which 
is angled in cell, and the whole marginal area gray; in the central area 
all the usual lines can be seen but obscurely; the inner and outer bands 
or the fascia forming gray blotches on costa; inthe gray marginal area 

‘a pale waved submarginal line; cell spot large and black; black mar- 
ginal dashes between veins; fringe gray, darker along base. 

Hindwing.—Dull pale gray, darker along inner margin and hind 
margin, with traces of lines along the former, and a dentate submar- 
ginal line before the latter; the fringe pale. 

Under side of forewing pale cinereous, the lines marked only along 


costa, except the submarginal; cell spot black; hindwing pale gray, 
)| with three gray lines, the cell spot on the middle one; a waved gray 


submarginal line. 
Head, thorax, and abdomen grayish fawn-color. 
Expanse of wings.—21 mm. 
Locality.—Sio Paulo, southeastern Brazil; 1 female. 
Type.—Cat. No, 9308, U.S.N.M. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 31 


4892 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA HELENARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Ground-color pale, but so densely covered with olive- 
fuscous as to appear of that color, only the inner lines showing pale; 
basal small, edged by a dark line, outwardly paler; inner line from 
before one-third of costa, angled in cell, then oblique inward to one- 
fourth of inner margin, edged inwardly with paler; outer line at two- 
thirds, hardly bent below costa, then oblique, edged outwardly by a 
broad line of cream-color; submarginal line curved, paie, insinuate on 
submedian fold, cell spot dark; in the central area three dark cross 
lines are traceable, and sometimes two beyond outer pale line; mar- 
ginal dark line interrupted; fringe checkered light and dark brown. 

Hindwing.—W ith all the markings repeated but fainter, and with- 
out basal line; the submarginal obscurely denticulate. 

Under side paler and brighter; the margins of central fascia and the 
cell spots blackish and diffuse; costa of forewing with dark shades. 

Head, palpi, center of thorax and dorsum cream-color; shoulders and 
patagia, a lateral streak on abdomen, and a ring on basal segment 
blackish; legs and abdomen beneath all cream-color. 

Expanse of wings.—17-19 mm. 

Locality.—Brazil; 2 females; one, the type, from Sao Paulo, the 
other from Castro, Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9309, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA INDECISA, new species. 


Forewing.—Cream-color, suffused with olive brownish; basal patch 
brown, its edge bent in cell, crossed by a pale line, and followed by a 
pale band with dark traversing line; central fascia with its edges 
broadly brown, divided above middle to costa by a pale patch of ground- 
color traversed by a brown line; pale band following clearest on costa; 
submarginal line fine, wavy, dentate, followed by a pale patch between 
veins 3 and 4; marginal line dark brown interrupted at the veins; 
fringe cream-color, brown beyond veins; the subcostal vein broadly 
cream-color, the median narrowly. 

TTindwing.—W ithout the basal markings; the pale intervals broader 
and the dark bands restricted and grayer; submarginal line sharply 
dentate; the veins pale olive-brown toward margin. 

Under side ochreous, with forewing much suffused with gray; all 
the lines fuscous; the outer edge of central fascia and shade preceding 
submarginal line conspicuous. 

Head and thorax brown, the vertex anda broad band across pro- 
thorax white; abdomen with a brown band at base, the rest gray. 

Kirpanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male. 

The antennx possess to each joint pairs of slender fascicles of cilia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9310, U.S.N.M. 


ee 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 483 


TEPHROCLYSTIA INFREQUENS, new species. 


Forewing.—With the basal area for nearly half of wing and the 
marginal area greenish gray; the outer half of central fascia fawn- 
color; the lines across the basal and central areas indistinct: the 
pale band following the fascia closely followed by the pale submar- 
ginal line, so that there appear to be three pale lines separated by two 
gray ones; cell spot black; marginal dashes between the veins; fringe 
greenish gray, darker and mottled on basal half. ; 

f[Tindwing.— Whitish, grayer along inner and hind margins, with 
traces of gray lines across wing, most distinct on inner margin; a 
small cell spot. 

Under side of forewing rufous-gray, with all the lines well marked, 
cell spot black; hindwing whiter, with a black cell spot followed by « 
dark gray postmedian and submarginal lines. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen fawn-color mixed with gray. 

Expanse of wings. —20 mm. 

Female without locality. 

Much resembles 7: hastaria, described above, but the disposition of 
the tints is different, as well as the markings of the under side. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9311, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA KURTIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark powdery gray, dusted with blackish, on a pale 
ocherous ground, which shows slightly only as pale bands edging the 
central fascia and as an oblique blotch at middle of costa containing 
the black cell spot; the pale bands have each a dark line along their 
middle; between veins 3 and 4 from lower end of cell a dull fuscous 
streak extends to hind margin; submarginal line pale, acutely dentate, 
preceded by a dark shade; fringe brownish mottled with dark gray. 

Tindwing.—Without the basal markings; the pale spaces much 
wider and on the dark shades narrower and clearer; the fulvous streak 
broader; veins dotted with black. 

Under side pale ochreous, with all the lines and shades dark gray 
and well marked; cell spots black. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen all dark fuscous. 

Fixpanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 2 females. 

Owing to the rough scaling the wings have a furry, somewhat greasy 
appearance. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9312, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA LEUCOGRAPHATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Fuscous-brown, darker along the costa; lines bone-color, 
thick and distinct; first, near base, limiting the basal patch; second, 
at one-third; outer, at three-fourths; all angled in cell, then inwardly 


484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


oblique; a large brown cell spot; a blackish blotch on costa beyond 
outer line before apex; fringe worn, fuscous. 

ITindwing.—W ithout inner line; the rest as in forewing. 

Under side pale, dusted with brownish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, but the dorsum darker 
fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9313, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA MEDIOBRUNNEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale pinkish brown, dusted with black; the costa clouded 
with black, narrowly at base, more broadly at apex, and filling up the 
central fascia above the median vein; the lines very obscurely marked 
and plain, not on inner margin; submarginal line fine, very indistinct, 
preceded by a dark shade; marginal line blackish; fringe brownish. 

[Tindwing.—W ith the inner margin half clouded with black, showing 
the commencement of lines; the costal half pale brownish, with a small 
dark cell spot; marginal line black, interrupted; fringe brownish, 
toward anal angle and along inner margin blackish. 

Under side with more of an olive tinge; the lines marked, but 
indistinct. 

Head, collar, and abdomen black; thorax and basal segment of abdo- 
men pale flesh-color. 

Expanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 male, 1 female. 

Hindwing protuberant at veins 3 and 7, indented beyond cell. Allied 
to 7. seminigra Warren, in which, however, the whole of the hindwing 
is black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9314, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA MOLLITA, new species. 


Forewing.—Brownish ochreous in basal and marginal areas, the 
central fascia dark gray; its inner edge curyed at costa, then straight 
to one-third of inner margin, its outer edge angled on vein 6, then 
oblique to middle, then again projecting; cell spot blackish, above a 
streak of brownish ochreous scales along the median vein; in the basal 
area are a dark gray line close to base and a double darker brown line 
or band, both darker gray on costa; the central fascia is followed by a 
pale band with darker middle line; submarginal line very obscure, 
preceded on costa and above inner margin by a dark gray cloud; a 
dark gray marginal cloud beyond cell; marginal line black, thick, 
interrupted at the veins; fringe brown, mottled with gray. 

[indwing.—Brown, almost wholly suffused with dark gray; a gray 
cell spot and broad postmedian curved band; submarginal line waved, 
brownish, apparently double. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 485 


Under side pale ochreous, the lines thick, dark gray; cell spots and 
marginal lines thick; inner marginal half of forewing to beyond middle 
clouded with gray, apex of forewing brownish. 

Head and collar dark gray; abdomen the same; thorax and basal 
segment of abdomen brownish ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—17T mm. 

Localities.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female, type; Oaxaca, Mexico, 1 
female. 

Somewhat resembling 7. mediobrunnea trom the same locality, but 
the markings are slaty gray, rather than black. In that species the 
head and abdomen are quite black, and the thorax and base of abdo- 
men very pale ochreous. In the female from Oaxaca the brown basal 
and marginal areas are visibly united by a streak along the median 
vein. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9315, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA MUSCISTRIGATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale gray, with darker gray lines and markings, with 
an admixture in places of greenish yellow scales; lines oblique below 
the subcostal bend; a short dark basal line; the pale band following 
with a darker center on costa; central fascia consisting of an inner and 
outer band, each formed of three gray lines, distinctly separated by a 
pale band, the lines marked with blackish scales; the outermost line 
marked with black vein dashes and angled on veins 6 and 4; the tray- 
ersing line of the pale band following is marked by dark vein dots; 
submarginal line pale, slightly waved, preceded by a dark shade, 
which is broadened and blacker at costa and on inner margin; marginal 
line formed of distinct black dashes separated by white spots at end of 
veins; fringe mottled, pale and dark gray. 

findwing.—W ith the shades and lines reduced, paler gray. 

Under side whiter, smoother, with the lines appearing at curved 
| gray bands. 

Thorax and patagia gray with a darker transverse line; shoulders 
‘and head pale ochreous, the palpi yellower; basal segment of abdo- 
men gray, second with a broad black band, rest of abdomen pale 
_ ochreous, with black lateral streaks. 
 Bepanse of wings. —25 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 2 females. 
Allied to 7. conduplicata described above, but without distinct 


TEPHROCLYSTIA PARCIRUFA, new species. 


Forewing.—White, in parts suffused with gray, and covered with 
‘black points on the veins at the crossing of the lines; central fascia 
| with the outer band black, indented below costa and stopping short at 


ie 
| ~ 


486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


vein 3, the lower part incurved and gray; the inner band dark gray; 
the pale band across its middle, like those preceding and following it, 
whiter with a gray central line; submarginal line white, dentate at 
costa, waved below, preceded by a dark gray shade which is black on 
costa and across submedian interval forms a black blotch, with the 
margin beyond it also black; a black marginal line; fringe white, 
double, with two gray shades darker beyond veins, the base and a 
middle line white; on subcostal vein at base, on median vein at inner 
edge of fascia, on vein 6 beyond outer line, and on vein 7 before sub- 
marginal line a few red scales. 

[Tindwing.— White, the inner margin, below median and vein 2, 
marked with six thick gray lines which are more or less obsolete 
beyond; cell spot black; fringe white, black mottled. 

Under side of forewing gray, the markings plain only in the costal 
half; of hindwing white, with the markings plain throughout, the 
lines dotting the veins; cell spot black. 

Head, thorax, and patagia white with a few dark scales; thorax and 
abdomen blackish; sides of abdomen reddish. 

Expanse of wings.—27 mm. 

Locality.—Cillate, Bolivia (Garlepp); 1 female. 

In some ways this species approaches 7) rubellicincta Warren from 
Peru, but it is narrower in the wing, and the hindwing almost without 
markings. 


Type. 


Cat. No. 9317, U.S.N.M. 
TEPHROCLYSTIA PEROLIVATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull olive-green, with slight black speckling; the lines 
indistinct; a short blackish line close to base; central fascia edged by 
darker olive bands formed of two or three lines separated by a pale 
band outcurved above and vertical below, traversed by a distinct olive 
line and containing on its inner edge the large black cell spot; sub- 
marginal line pale, waved, preceded and followed by a rather deeper 
shade; marginal line fine; fringe olive. 

[indwing.—WN ith costal area paler; cell spot small, indistinct; the 
fascia very obscure; submarginal line distinct. 

Under side paler; the cell spot black; the outer band of central 
fascia dark and prominent. : 

Thorax and abdomen like wings; head and shoulders pale ochreous; 
antenn black; the segments angular, thickly ciliated. 

Expanse of wings—24 mm. 

Locality.—Chaco, Peru; 1 male. 

Allied to 7. brunneicosta Warren. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9318, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 487 


TEPHROCLYSTIA PICTIMARGO, new species. 


Forewing.—Powdery gray, with a slight luteous or greenish tinge; 
lines very obscure, slightly darker; the outer and submarginal wavy 
dentate; cell spot large, blackish; a dark gray marginal line; fringe 
mottled pale gray; inner margin to submedian vein tinged with 
greenish luteous. 

Hindwing.—Costal half whitish, without markings; inner and hind 
margins as in forewing; the luteous tint of inner margin broader, cell 
spot black. 

Under side much paler; glossy; cell spot black; the lines all marked, 
but the outer line distinct and at costa of forewing blackish; marginal 
area dark gray. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen luteous-gray. 

Expanse of wings.—27 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female. 

Very much like 7. cabira Dognin in shape but with very indistinct 
markings; the luteous inner margin of both wings compared with the 
gray of the rest of the wing will serve to distinguish it; the subapical 
margin of hindwing between veins 6 and 7 projects squarely. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9319, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA PLANIPENNIS, new species. 


Forewing. —Dark gray, with the lines faintly darker but’ indistinct; 
the outer line thick and plainer, the paler gray band beyond also dis- 
tinct; submarginal line marked by a white spot on submedian fold; 
cell spot black and large; marginal line black; fringe dark gray. 

TTindwing.—W ithout the basal lines. 

Under side pale gry, with all the lines blackish and distinct, espe- 
cially the outer line; cell spots black. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen all dark gray. 

Expanse of wings.—18 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female. 

Distinguished by the uniform dark gray upper side. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9320, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA RAUCA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male, greenish gray, thickly powdered with dark gray; 
the lines dark gray, or blackish; owing to the rough dark dusting all 
the markings are obscure, but the usual ones can be traced; the edge 
of the basal patch oblique at one-fourth; the inner band of the central 
fascia at two-fifths, and especially the outer band are visible as darker 
shades; this last forms a dark shade above middle; band before sub- 
marginal line dark on costa; the line itself waved and pale; a dark 
cell spot; fringe checkered dark and pale gray. 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Hindwing.—-With the lines somewhat clearer; the outer edge of 
central fascia complete across wing; the inner edge marked by a dark 
spot on inner margin. 

Under side pale greenish gray, with the edges of central fascia 
black, the outer edge thick; the outer lines fainter; cell spot black. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, but more thickly speckled 
with blackish; basal segment of abdomen blackish; lower part of face 
pale; abdomen with slight lateral tufts. 

The male has the pale greenish tints more developed, the rough 
gray scaling being less. ; 

Expanse of wings.—24 mm. 

Localities.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male, type; Orizaba, Mexico; 1 
female. 

The peculiar greenish tinge is characteristic; the palpi are very 
long, rough haired: the antennz of the male have long fascicles of 
cilia and the abdomen is long and large. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9321, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA SELLIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Brownish fawn-color; basal area marked by a black- 
brown blotch along costa, edged by an angled whitish line at about 
one fourth; a large black-brown cell spot lying on a slightly curved 
but obscure brown shade; a black costal blotch before apex, preceded 
by a whitish comma-shaped blotch and followed by a dentate white 
streak, below which there is seen a submarginal line formed by a 
black spot between two white ones on each vein, and in the submedian 
space by a double white spot preceded by blackish scales; fringe 
brown. 

Ilindwing.-—Paler brown, the inner margin crossed by seven or 
eight blackish lines, those toward anal angle black, separated by 
whitish scales. 

Under side pale gray-brown; cell spot black; lines obscure except 
at costa of forewing; a blackish blotch at anal angle of hindwing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen fawn; dorsum with a pale central line; 
second segment whitish with four brown spots, two dorsal and two 
lateral; the third segment dark brown in front. 

Kxpanse of wings.—18 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female. 

This species is unlike any other that I have seen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9322, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA SEMILIGNATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale wood-brown; the basal and apical areas blackish 
gray; some shining white scales at the extreme base; basal patch 
small, black, edged by a pale line; the usual pale band following filled 
up with blackish scales; the inner edge of central fascia forming a 


di 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 489 


wedge-shaped mark toward cell spot, the outer edge only plain as a 
black blotch between subcostal and vein 4; vein 2 thickly blackish; the 
pale band beyond also only marked between the same veins; apical 
region blackish to costa; submarginal line dentate, white, continued 
across the brown area and marked with black scales at anal angle; 
marginal line black; fringe brown, checkered with gray. 

[Tindwing.—W holly pale wood-brown; a dark gray band at base, a 
gray band beyond middle, the brown bands on each side of it with a 
dark line, and a dentate black white-edged submarginal line in the 
gray outer area. 

Underside grayish ochreous; cell spots black; outer band of central 
fascia broadly blackish gray; the other lines well marked. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish; the last with alternate dark 
and light bands. 

Under side and legs paler. 

Krpanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality.—Sio Paulo, Southeastern Brazil; 1 female. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9323, U.S.N.M. 
TEPHROCLYSTIA SEMIRUFESCENS, new species. 


Forewing. —Blackish, crossed by whitish ochreous lines; space 
between veins 2 and 4 from lower end of cell to hind margin smeared 
with fawn-color; basal patch crossed and followed by a waved white band 
with blackish center; the narrow inner dark band of central fascia 
separated from the broader outer band by a costal blotch of pale 
ochreous containing the black cell spot; pale band beyond with a thick 
middle line; submarginal line dentate, white, the teeth externally 
connected by black dashes with the marginal dashes; fringe fawn, 
dark mottled. 

Hindwing.—W ith the fawn-colored streak developed and ineluding 
the pale postmedian band; the inner half of wing blackish speckled; 
the veins dotted black and pale. 

Under side pale ochreous, with all the lines and shades very distinct, 
blackish gray; cell spots black; the dark marginal area interrupted 
between veins 2 and 4. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish; the dorsum tinged with fawn. 

Eupanse of wings. —20 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male. 

Antenne strongly ciliated. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9234, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA SUBALBA, new species. 
Forewing.—Sandy-ochreous, thickly gray dusted; the lines very 
obscure; the two pale bands with their dark central line on each side 


of central fascia are both plain; also a small dark cell spot and dark 
' marginal thick dashes before the whitish fringe. 


7 | . 


490 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Hindwing.—White, dusted with sandy-gray along inner margin; 
the cell spot and marginal dashes blackish; fringe white. 

Under side white, suffused in forewing with sandy-gray, and slightly 
in hindwing toward base; cell spots and marginal dashes distinct. 

Thorax, andabdomen dark sandy-gray; face and palpi pale ochreous. 

Kxpanse of wings.—18 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female. 

The hind margin of hindwing is insinuate beyond cell and squarely 
projecting below apex between veins 6 and 7. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9325, U.S.N.M. 
TEPHROCLYSTIA SUBMIRANDA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dingy olive-ochreous; the markings dull dark gray; 
consisting of a broad central fascia formed by four thick gray lines 
and containing a large blackish cell spot and a narrow marginal shade 
containing the dentate white-tipped submarginal line marked by a 
white spot above vein 1; fringe olive. 

Hindwing.—Sinilar, the gray markings much duller. 

Under side pale olive-buff; both folds silvery white; a gray cell 
mark and a similar mark obliquely below it on submedian fold; outer 
line marked by a curved row of black dashes on veins, followed by a 
velvety black marginal band across which the veins are snow-white. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen above and beneath, and legs all olive- 
ochreous. 

18 mm. 

Locality.—Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana; 1 female. 
The contrast between the upper and lower surface is remarkable. 
Type.—Cat. No. 93826, U.S.N.M. 


Expanse of wings. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA SYLPHARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale pearly gray; the lines alternately pale brown and 
gray; all very concise and parallel, marked on veins and folds by 
minute black scales; the outer and inner edge of central fascia rather 
more distinct and brownish, likewise the band preceding the pale sub- 
marginal line; cell spot large and black; marginal spots black, large; 
fringe pearl-gray. 

[Tindwing.—W hitish; the lines dark gray and distinct only along 
inner margin; the submarginal line complete and the margin gray. 

Under side pale gray in forewing, white in hindwing; lines of fore- 
wing distinct only in costal half; hindwing powdered with dark gray 
at hbase and with all the lines blackish and clear; cell spots clear. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen pearl-gray; abdomen with a brown and 
black belt on third segment. 

Lixpanse of WINGS. —15-17 mm. 

Locality. —Saio Paulo, southeastern Brazil; 2 females. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9827, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 491 


TEPHROCLYSTIA UVARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull pale brown, the costa, central fascia and anal 
region blackish, all with a slight greenish tinge; all the lines obscure, 
but well marked on the costa; central fascia broad, its edges oblique 
outward and angled in cell and on vein 6, then oblique parallel to 
hind margin, containing three dark lines of which the middle one is 
broadest; cell spot prominent, black, preceded by a white crescent; sub- 
marginal white, close to margin, with faintly darker edging; fringe 
brown. 

ITindwing.—Brown, the inner marginal half dark fuscous, through 
which can be traced several faint pale transverse lines, especially the 
submarginal. 

Under side brownish cinereous, with all the markings indistinct. 

Head, shoulders, and base of patagia dark fuscous, the costal margin 
also, a broad ring on basal segment of abdomen; thorax, tips of pata- 
gia and abdomen pale brown; the last with a white dorsal stripe stop- 
ping short before anal segment. 

Kixpanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Localities.—Saio Paulo, southeastern Brazil, 1 male; Castro, Parana, 
Brazil, 1 female. 

Allied to 7! magnipuncta and. cupreata Warren. The female has 
the wings browner, the black tints being softened down. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9328, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA VIOLETTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Violet-gray; toward the costa with a brown tinge; lines 
black; tirst close to base, curved; second at one-third, bent in cell; the 
band before it broad and varied with some gray and blackish scales; 
outer line at three-fifths; curved outward round cell; cell spot black; 
submarginal line indicated by a brown shade preceding it; an inter- 
rupted black marginal line; fringe gray. 

Hindwing.—With a central black line from inner margin to lower 
end of cell, joining at an angle the black linear cell mark; submarginal 
shade as in forewing, marked at anal angle, as well as the obscure outer 
line, with black. 

Under side pale gray; costa of forewing with dark commencements 
of lines; the cell spots and outer lines blackish. 

Thorax and abdomen like wings; vertex, face, and palpi dull whitish. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Oaxaca, Mexico; 1 female. 

The unique specimen is somewhat rubbed, but the species is very 
distinct and may be recognized by the dark angled line of hindwing. 

Type.—Cat. No.@329, U.S.N.M. 


i 


4992 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


TEPHROCLYSTIA WESTONARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Greenish ocherous, thickly dusted with blackish scales, 
rendering the marking indistinct; there appear to be a small basal 
patch and central fascia with inner edge curved and outer edge bent 
outward in middle, then incurved, followed by a band of pale ground- 
color; toward outer edge of fascia is a smoky blackish shade preceded 
py the black cell spot; marginal area darker, traversed by an obscure 
paler submarginal line and with a pale spot between veins 3 and 4 on 
margin; fringe olive beyond a marginal series of black dashes. 

Hindwing.—W ith parallel straight dark lines and shades. 

Under side without the greenish ochreous shade; the ground-color 
whiter, the speckling grayer. 

Head, shoulders, basal half of patagia, and abdomen greenish ochre- 
ous; apical half of patagia, metothorax, and basal segment of sides of 
abdomen blackish; in the male the dorsal points are blackish and the 
anal tufts of abdomen ochreous. 

Kxpanse of wings.—Male, 16 mm.; female, 17 mm. 

Locality. —Orizaba, Mexico; 1 male, 3 females. 

Both wings narrow, with acute apex and hind margin only faintly 
curved. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9330, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily DEX ILINIIN 4%. 
Genus LOMOGRAPHA Hubner. 
LOMOGRAPHA DISCOLORATA, new species. 


Forewing. — White, with a faint gray discoloration toward hind mar- 
gin with slight gray speckling; costal edge narrowly yellow to two- 
thirds, then broadened to apex; a gray lunulate-dentate outer line 
at two-thirds, and faint traces of an inner line at two-fifths; cell spot 
minute; faint gray dots on margin between veins: fringe pale gray. 

HTindwing.—W ith traces of postmedian and submarginal lines. 

Under side white, the costa of forewing yellowish. 

Face and palpi dark brown; vertex, thorax, and abdomen white; 
legs yellowish. . 

Kixpanse of wings.—28 mm. 

Locality.—Paraguay; 1 male. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9331, U.S.N.M. 


LOMOGRAPHA PROXIMATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull white, the costal edge grayish ochreous; lines gray, 
rather thick; first from two-fifths of costa to middle of inner margin; 
second from two-thirds of costa to beyond two-thirds of inner margin, 
slightly outeurved; third from four-fifths of costa to just before anal 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 493 


angle; none of the lines actually reach the costa; cell spot minute, gray; 
marginal line fine; fringe white. 

ITindwing.—W ith two lines, postmedian and submarginal, the latter 
more curved than the former, approximated on inner margin. 

Under side white, somewhat glossy; costa of forewing yellowish. 

Face and palpi brown-black; vertex, thorax, and abdomen white; 
legs white; forelegs fuscous in front. 

Expanse of wings.—36 mm. 

Locality. —Bolivia; 1 male. 

Very near to LZ. venata Warren, but the veins are not darker; the 
lines are in a different position; the face is black, not whitish, and the 
costal edge is paler. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9332, U.S.N.M. 


LOMOGRAPHA ULTIMATA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hite, costal edge pale brownish; the lines formed of 
gray dusting; the first most distinct on inner margin, at two-fifths, 
obscurely double; the outer at two-thirds, formed of two gray shades, . 
obscurely lunulate-dentate; submarginal line single; marginal area 
gray speckled; black marginal lunules; fringe dark gray, this hue also 
running narrowly along hind margin before the marginal lunules; cell 
spot minute. 

Hindwing.—Without inner line; fringe gray; no shade before 
margin. 

Under side white; costa of forewing shining yellowish. 

Face and palpi brown; vertex, thorax, and abdomen white; legs 
white, forelegs brown in front. 

Lixpanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
1904. 

Close to L. extremata Warren, from Peru, but smaller; the outer line 
quite different. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9333, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily PALY ADIN 42. 
Genus BERBERODES Guenée. 
BERBERODES CASSITERIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Male, hyaline white, toward anal angle with a brilliant 
silvery gloss; costa yellowish, with dense purple-gray spots and strie; 
three series of grayish ochreous spots on the veins, also marked on 
submedian fold; a narrow purplish gray border thinning out to anal 
angle, its inner edge consisting of ochreous-gray strive, and with a gray 
blotch at apex; darker wedge-shaped marks on veins, plainest toward 
costa, and some dark diamond-shape marginal spots between the veins; 
fringe concolorous with marginal border. 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XXEi. 


ue aunte LK ith the sates auton two- pede pullint silvery; | inner 
row of spots only shown as dark dots on median and submedian veins; 
the gray border narrower, running from ‘apex to middle of margin 
only, with marginal diamond and gray fringe; fringe at anal angle 
consisting of coarse, rough spatulate hairs, protruding irregularly; 
beyond middle of inner margin a bed of coarse purple scales preceded 
by a tuft of long dark radiating scales. 

Under side white, with the marginal border purple, thinned out on 
hind margin nearly to anal angle. 

Head and thorax brown; shoulders and patagia white; abdomen 
ochreous; both thorax and abdomen are probably white when fresh. 

Female without the silvery gloss; the hindwing with ochreous stria- 
tions in outer half, here again the abdomen and legs are dirty brown, 
probably stained from white. : 

Kxpanse of wings.—27 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, 1 
female, September, 1904. 

In the male the hind margin of forewing is slightly bent at vein 4. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9334, U.S.N.M. 


BERBERODES? DELICATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Female pale straw-color, semitransparent; cell spot 
metallic, black, transversely linear; just before it on costa a dark spot 
indicates a curved basal line; a sinuous lustrous violet line from apex 
follows or rather rests upon a broad purplish parallel band, both 
hecoming brown below vein 3 and not reaching inner margin; marginal 
area brown; fringe yellow beyond cell, marked with purplish black 
above and below. 

Hindwing.—W ith slight brownish band at base and broad marginal 
border, deeper at apex; two or three dark marginal spots at apex; 
fringe pale. 

Underwing pale straw-color; forewing with black cell spot and 
broad purplish marginal border; hindwing with the border restricted 
to apical half of margin. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale straw-color. 

Ei LPANSE of WINYS. —17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; Novembell 
L9O4. 

As the single specimen is a female, I leave it in Berberodes, but it 
will very likely form the nucleus of a new genus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9335, U.S.N.M. 


BERBERODES SIMPLEX, new species. 


Forewing.—W ith the white ground obscured by violet-fuscous suf- 
fusion and strive; the costa broadly yellow, with minute brown dots 
along the edge, with two white spaces projecting somewhat triangu- 


No, 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 495 


larly into the darker suffused area, one before the cell spot, the other 
before the outer line; first line nearly vertical at one-fourth; second, 
beyond middle, and outer at three-fourths, both outcurved above and 
waved, the outer approximated to hind margin; veins toward hind 
margin darker; a row of black marginal lunules between veins; apex 
white, with dark speckling; cell spot large, brownish; fringe rufous- 
oray. 

ITindwing.—Thickly striated with violet-fuscous, the white ground 
color showing more plainly; all three lines distinct, the inner and outer 
edged with white; an indistinct whitish submarginal line; basal half of 
inner margin and its fringe pure white. 

Under side pinkish cream-color with a thick middle line and broad 
marginal border on both wings dark brown. Face and palpi bright 
ferruginous, speckled with white; shoulders and base of patagia white; 
vertex and collar gray-brown; thorax and abdomen like wings; abdo- 
men below, pectus and legs cream-white. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Rockstone, Essequibo, British Guiana; September, 1904. 

Although this species is described as a Berberodes, it should be noted 
that the male is evidently devoid of the distinguishing marks of the 
type species L. condylata Guenée; both fore and hiad wings having a 
perfectly simple structure. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9336, U.S.N.M. 


BERBERODES VIOLACEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Brownish fuscous; at base and along costa bronzy-black; 
the three lines are only just traceable, vertical and wavy, at even dis- 
tances apart; also a dark cell spot; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—Brownish fuscous; the amplified flap of the inner mar- 
gin from base to anal angle, together with the fringe, bronzy-black. 

Under side of both wings deep violet, the margins diffusely darker; 
the bed of rough hair scales at margin on the submedian interspace of 
hindwings blackish. 

Thorax and abdomen bronzy-violet; lateral wisps of hair on abdo- 
men black; head, collar, and palpi deep yellow. 

Expanse of wings.—23 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; October, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9337, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CIRRHOSOMA Warren. 


CIRRHOSOMA CURVATA, new species. 


| Forewing.—White, semihyaline; costa gilded yellow, with slight 
} purple speckling; three obscure ochreous-gray lines at one-half, one- 
| fourth, and three-fourths, parallel to margin, the outer indistinctly 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


lunulate-dentate; marginal area filled with ochreous strive, a slight dark 
marginal line; fringe white. 

Hindwing.—W ithout the inner line. 

Under side shining white; costa of forewing yellowish. 

Head and antenne brown; thorax and abdomen white; dorsum 
tinged with brown at middle; the anal segment fuscous; legs yellowish; 
abdominal tufts white. 

Expanse of wings.—80 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male. 

Smaller than C. trans/ucida, the hind margin of hindwing rounded, 
not angulated. The large abdominal tuft rises from the side of the 
fourth segment, more or less hiding smaller tufts from the next three 
segments. 


Ti Ype: 


Cat. No. 9338, U.S.N.M. 


Genus GYOSTEGA Warren. 
GYOSTEGA RUFIMACULA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male, hyaline white; costa coppery-ochreous, spotted 
with blackish; a large coppery-red dark-edged semicircular blotch on 
inner margin before middle, with some coarse metallic purple scales 
along the margin; the three usual rows of spots in the single example, 
very obscure (probably worn); a broad grayish purple marginal bor- 
der, its inner edge slightly undulating and marked with ochreous-gray; 
a slight whitish horizontal streak across it from apex along vein 8; 
fringe concolorous with border; fringe of inner margin white, except 
along the patch where it is purplish. 

HTindwing.—W ith the border narrow and reaching only from apex 
to middle, the fringe beyond it purplish, below it white; fringe of hairs 
from upper margin of cell white; the tuft on discocellular gray; the 
lobe of inner margin with a bed of coarse metallic purplish scales. 

Under side without markings except the brown marginal border; 
apex of forewing narrowly white; the costa yellowish; hindwing with 
a fringe of white hairs below the median vein and vein 2; fringe in 
the submedian interval, which is curtailed, grayish. 

Head and collar purplish black; thorax white; abdomen fuscous 
above, at sides and underneath white, the anal segment beneath ochre- 
ous; pectus white; legs dingy gray. 

Female without the red blotch on inner margin and with the three 
series of spots complete,.the middle one ending on inner margin in a 
fulvous spot with black on the margin, as in conchylata, a line of gray 
strize before the dark border; hindwing with two series of spots and 
gray strive along the hind margin, forming a cloud at analangle; apical 
border as in male; marginal dashes and the fringe gray. : 

Under side as in male but with a gray blotch at anal angle of hind- 
wing. 


al 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 497 


Abdomen ochreous instead of fuscous. 

Expansé of wings. —30 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, 1 
female, September, 1904. 

The discocellular of hindwing is very oblique in the male. 

Lype.—Cat. No. 9339, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PeEMUPHRICT A, new genus. 


Allied to the group of genera including Berberodes Guenée and 
Ballantiophora Butler; forewing much narrower, hind margin far 
more obliquely curved, and the inner margin therefore shorter by 

comparison; the inner margin of hindwing longer; antennz of male 

with sessile fascicles of cilia: hindwing of male beneath, except at 
base, clothed with rough curved scales; scaling otherwise very fine and 
glossy. 

Type.— Hemiphricta albicostata, new species. 


HEMIPHRICTA ALBICOSTATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Bronzy olive-brown; the costal edge gilded yellow, 
with short purplish striations; below it a broad pearl-white subcostal 
streak from base of inner margin to apex, hardly interrupted at one- 
fourth, two-thirds, and five-sixths by brown transverse lines, of which 
only the submarginal can be traced as a very fine bluish white lunulate- 
dentate line to three-fourths of inner margin; dark marginal dashes 
between the veins; fringe concolorous; cell spot pearly white, half 
hidden by the subcostal streak. 

Hindwing.—Deeper in color, more purplish bronze; the submar- 
ginal line only visible, as in forewing. 

Under side of forewing iridescent. pinkish cinereous, paler along 
costa and before a broad, dark marginal border; hindwing covered 
with rough curved brown scales, except along costa, which is broadly 
pearly lustrous. 

Face, palpi, and vertex bright ferruginous; collar dark brown and 
ferruginous; shoulders and base of patagia pearly white; thorax and 
abdomen bronze-gray ; pectus woolly, white; legs laterally fuscous. 

Eixpanse of wings.—35 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; August, 1904. 

Lype.—Cat. No. 9340, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NEOZUGA, new genus. 


\ Forewing.—Costa straight, convex before apex which is blunt: 

‘hind margin hardly sinuous. 

I Hindwing.—Narrow; both angles and hind margin rounded. 
Antenne of male ‘simple, filiform; palpi porrect, short, roughly 

‘Sealed; tongue weak; frenulum present; hind tibiw thickened, with 


four spurs, one much longer than the others. 
Proce. N. M. vol. xxx—06——32 


“ss 


| ° 


498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOI. XX 


Neuration.—Forewing, cell not quite half as long as wing; discocellu- 
lar straight, oblique; first median nervule shortly before end of cell, 
second and third stalked; lower radial from a little below upper end 
of discocellular, upper from the end; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 anasto- 
mosing with 12; hindwing, costal and subcostal anastomosing for 
three-fourths of cell; 6, 7, and 3, 4 long stalked; no radial. 

Type.— Neozuga strictifascia, new species. 


NEOZUGA LATIFASCIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Purplish slate-color, the space between median and 
outer line olive-ochreous, which is really the ground-color; lines dark 
brown shading into velvety black; first close to base and second visible 
before middle, both somewhat interrupted; costa as far as outer line 
dull yellowish speckled with dark; outer line vertical at two-thirds, 
outcurved on vein 6 and again below middle, edged with pale ochreous; 
the pale space between middle and outer lines has a fine olive line 
across it close beyond middle line, and the whole outer half olive 
above median vein and outlined with blackish in the lower projection 


; ; ; | 
and on inner margin; submarginal line also doubly curved, preceded | 


by an olive-brown shade and edged outwardly with ochreous; deep 
yellow marginal spots at the vein ends, and on costa before apex; 
fringe purplish gray. 

[Tindwing.—W ith three lines only, all preceded by dark olive-brown 
shading and edged with paler; the space between basal and middle | 
line interruptedly ochreous. 

Under side olive-fuscous, with a broad uninterrupted yellow fascia 
before middle, narrower in hindwing; costa of forewing yellowish in 


| 


g3 
places; base of hindwing yellow. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark bronzy purplish; palpi ferrugi- 
nous; collar and anal tuft yellowish. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; July, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9341, U.S.N.M. 


NEOZUGA STRICTIFASCIA, new species. 


In coloration and markings exceedingly like the preceding species, 
latifascia but altogether a dingier insect; the ochreous median area 
with oblique inner edge; the outer line more oblique and with the 
projections stronger and more abrupt; the deep yellow marginal spot 
larger; in the hindwing the ochreous median area is altogether absent, 
suffused with purplish; in both wings the dark shades are more mixed | 
with brown. | 

Under side with the deep yellow fascia at or beyond middle; that in 
the forewing oblique, broad at costa and narrowing to a point before 
anal angle; that on hindwing with the dark basal area projecting 
pointedly into it at middle, 


he 
——- 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 499 


The head, thorax, and abdomen bronzy-purple, but more varied 
with yellowish scales, especially along the sides of the abdomen. 

The species differ also in shape of wing, the costa of forewing 
being more convex before apex and the anal angle somewhat lobed, 
so that the wing appears swollen at its end, and the inner margin 
sinuous instead of straight; there is no bed of furry hair on the under 
side of hindwing. 

Expanse of wings. —21 mim. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; July, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No, 9342, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily OURAPTEHERYGIN 2%. 
Genus PHRYGIONIS Hubner. 
PHRYGIONIS FRATERCULA, new species. 


Forewing.—Fawn-gray, with three yellow belts; first narrow, close 
to base and curved, externally edged with black and metallic scales; 
second just beyond, outwardly angled on median and submedian veins, 
edged on both sides with black and metallic scales; third from middle 
of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, irregularly wavy, and edged 
inwardly by a line of thick metallic scales, accompanied externally by 
a belt of cream-color, from which it is separated by a fine obscure 
line of leaden-color scales which are metallic only below costa; fringe 
concolorous. 

Hindwing.—With the outer belt only, curved, and running from 
shortly before apex to just before anal angle; here the yellow inner 
arm is brighter and better defined and projects yellow black-edged 
rays along the nervures, which interrupt the metallic internal edging 

of the belt; the outer arm instead of being cream-color is buff, or 
rufous, separated from the yellow arm by an edging of black scales 
and followed by a strongly lustrous line, which in its upper half is 
succeeded by a diffuse red shading, a similar red shading also running 
along margin from apex to middle; before the blunt middle angle 
above vein 4 is an oblong blood-red blotch, the outer end of which is 
metallic silvery; below vein 4 a small red spot of which the broad 

outer edge is also metallic silvery; below vein 3 are traces of a minute 
“similar spot. 

~ Under side paler, with the outer belt showing dull yellowish. 

_ Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings; the segmental 
‘divisions and tuft of the male abdomen yellowish. 

 Expanse of wings.—Male, 30 mm.; female, 34 mm. 

Locality.—Santiago, Cuba; 1 male, January, 1903; 1 female, July, 
“1902. 

Type. 


Cat. No. 9343, U.S.N.M. 


5OO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


PHRYGIONIS SORORCULA, new species. 


Forewing.—Olive-gray, without the fawn-colored tint of fratercula, 
to which it is closely allied; instead of the bright pale yellow mark- 
ings, the typical pair have it dull and clouded with olive (one female 
alone agreeing with fratercula in having the yellow belt inclosed); 
they all agree in having the inner edge of the outer belt of forewing 
expanded baseward above middle so that the belt becomes funnel 
shaped, and the pale outer arm is either absent or narrow and incon- 
spicuous; in the hindwing the rufous-buff outer arm is absent, the belt 
being followed closely by the lustrous line; there is no marginal red 
shading from apex to middle, but instead a submarginal dull lustrous 
streak; the red blotches are confluent externally and continued as a 
fine red line to anal angle, along which the dull streak from the apex 
is produced as a fine continuous metallic silvery line; the outer belt 
generally in the hindwing is more abruptly outcurved in the middle 
than in fratercula. 

inpanse of wings.—Male, 32 mm.; female, 35-40 mm. 

Locality.—Baracoa, Cuba; 1 male, January, 1903; 1 female, Decem- 
ber, 1902; 1 female, August, 1902, the last being the yellow belted 
form. 

Both fratercula and sororcula differ from other species in the yellow 
veins of the hindwings. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9344, U.S.N.M. 


¢ 


Subfamily NHPHODIIN 4. 
Genus ASTYOCHIA Druce. 
ASTYOCHIA SIGNATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dingy hyaline gray, costal area above subcostal vein 
and marginal area opaque gray; veins, dark fuscous; discocellular 
marked by a blackish crescent; lines oblique, first from one-third of © 
costa to one-fourth of inner margin very obscure; median thicker, 
lunulate-dentate, incurved on beth folds; outer line thick at two-thirds 
below costa and broad beyond cell, then oblique and straight; submar- 
ginal most clearly marked, zigzag, joining outer line on inner margin; 
fringe gray. 

Hindwing.—Without two first lines; the postmedian of uniform 
width, curved beyond discocellular in both wings, but more conspicu- 
ously in the hindwing, the margin between veins is narrowly paler, so 
that the gray border appears waved. 

Under side the same, but the gray tints all darker, especially the 
postmedian line. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, but the face and abdomen | 
paler ochreous; legs, dark gray. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 


Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 
Locality.—Carabaya, southeastern Peru; 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9845, U.S.N.M. 


Genus LEUCULOPSIS Warren. 
LEUCULOPSIS*INTERMEDIA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hite, finely freckled with gray; costal edge pale yel- 
low; a pale brown line from above apex to three-fifths of inner margin; 
fringe white. 

Hindwing.—W ith the brown line central; a fine rusty gray marginal 
line. 

Under side pure white. 

Face, thorax, and abdomen white; palpi externally; vertex, base of 
antenne, and a spot on front of fore tibie bright red. 

Expanse of wings.—48 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 female. 

Intermediate, apparently, between Z. coanaria Schaus and L. colo- 
rata Warren. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9346, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MYRMECOPHANTES Warren. 
MYRMECOPHANTES VELATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Smoky black, in basal half subtransparent; an elongated 
broad, dull white fascia from below two-thirds of costa to vein 2; fringe 
black. 

IHindwing.—Smoky black, with broad central and marginal fascize 
deep black. : 

Under side dull brownish black; costa, apex, and hind margin of 
both wings dull olive-brown, In the hindwing the paler portions are 


all brownish and the veins black; the white fascia in forewing brighter. 


Head and thorax black; abdomen grayer black; sides and bottom of 
face, a spot in middle of fillet, another in middle of prothorax, and a 
spot at side of shoulders white; pectus and under side of abdomen 
white, this’ latter with black line down center and black segmental 
rings; legs black. 

Eixpanse of wings.—56 mm. 

Locality.—Colombia; 1 male. 

Nearest to M/. albifascia Maassen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9347, U.S.N.M. 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus NIPTERIA Guenée. 
NIPTERIA DEFORMIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Dirty whitish, semitransparent; the veins dull gray; the 
whole apical area dull smoky gray, thinning out to anal angle; inner 
line very indistinct, from one-third of costa to beyond middle of inner 
margin, only plain on costa and inner margin; a gray linear cell spot 
on upper half of discocellular; outer line thick, dark gray, outcurved 
from two-thirds of costa, and there much broader, to three-fourths of 
inner margin; fringe dull gray. 

Hindwing.—Dirty whitish, with a few gray striations toward hind 
margin. 

Under side of forewings dull whitish, with the outer markings pres- 
ent but faint; hindwing covered with gray striz, with ill-defined broad 
central and submarginal bands dull gray; the veins dark. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen dirty gray, like costa of forewing; lower 
part of face, base of palpi, pectus, and abdomen beneath whitish; ter- 
minal segment of palpi and antenne black; legs externally fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—42 mm. 

Locality.—Chanchamayo, Peru; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9348, U.S.N.M. 


NIPTERIA MARGINATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Subtransparent, pale gray, with a few scattered black 
scales; the costal area above subcostal vein and more broadly beyond 
middle thickly black and white speckled; costal edge black; a slight 
dark cell mark at summit of discocellular; fringe dull blackish, paler 
below middle. 

Hindwing.—W holly gray; fringe, dark gray. 

Under side of hindwing and costal and hind margin of forewing 
thickly black speckied; both cell spots black; in hindwing a sub- 
marginal black shade with the ends of veins black; in forewing a 
blacker subapical shade from costa to hind margin, leaving apex paler. 

Thorax and abdomen dark gray; head and vertex black. 

tapanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality.—Salta, Argentina; 1 male. 

Hind margin of forewing slightly bent at vein 4; of hindwing more 
visibly, as the margin is slightly indented before anal angle. 

Nearest of .V. perimede Druce and N. excavata Warren; distin- 
guished by the unmottled fringe. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9349, U.S.N.M. 


NIPTERIA SABULOSA, new species. 


Forewing.—Uyaline cream-color, covered with pale olive-gray atoms 
partially confluent, those along costa and hind margin pale brownish; 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 503 


two transverse lines of unspeckled ground-color, one at two-fifths, 
nearly vertical, the other oblique from four-fifths of costa to two-thirds 
of inner margin; fringe sandy-gray. 

ITindwing.—Cream-color, without markings; a very fine marginal 
line; fringe concolorous. 

Under side like upper, but in forewing the speckling only shows 
through, except along costa and hind margin. 

Head and thorax like forewings; abdomen pale like hindwing. 

Expanse of wings.—44 mm. 

Locality.—Colombia; 1 male. 

Nearest to V. pellucida and pellucenta Dognin. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9350, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCORIOPSIS, new genus. 


Differs from Wepteria and Penthophlebia in the median and sub- 
median veins of forewing being quite straight, not bent at base; the 
foveal bar very faint; palpi short, porrect; forehead bulging; anten- 
ne of male bipectinate. 

Neuration.— As in Nipteria. 

Type.— Scoriopsis nigrivenata, new species. 


SCORIOPSIS NIGRIVENATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Chalk-white; the costal edge and all the veins black; 
fringe white, with a black spot at the end of each vein; cell dot black. 
Hindwing.—Similar, a minute black cell dot. 
Under side like upper. 
Head, thorax, and abdomen white; face, vertex, and sides of shoul- 
ders yellow; palpi and antenne black; legs white, externally blackish. 
Eixpanse of wings.—46 mm. 
Locality.—Guadalajara, Mexico; 1 male. 
| Lype.—Cat. No. 9351, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily BRACCIN 4%. 
Genus SANGALOPSIS Warren. 
SANGALOPSIS MEDIATA, new species. 


Wings brown-black; forewing with a large red blotch at middle; as 
in 7no and aloona Theirry-Meig; this blotch below is bounded by the 
submedian vein, but for hardly 3 mm.; the top of the blotch, which 
is parallel to the costal edge and runs along the subcostal vein, also 
measures scarcely 3 mm., its inner extremity being 7 mm. from base 
and its outer 5 mm. from hind margin; the outer edge of the blotch is 
gibbous at middle, the inner nearly vertical, curving somewhat out- 
| ward at top, and roughened beneath, this edge projects along the 
'mwnedian vein. The red spot on sides of thorax at base of forewing is 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vour 25.03 


present, but no lateral spots on abdomen, nor any blue sheen on 
forewing. 

Lirpanse of Wings. —BO mm. 

Locality.— Bolivia; 1 male. 
Cat. No. 9352, U.S.N.M. 


Type. 
Subfamily ASCOLIN A*. 
Genus BRONCHELIA Guenée. 
BRONCHELIA BENEPICTA, new species. 


Forewing. W hite, with coarse granular fuscous speckles, thickest 
toward base and hind margin and along the costa; the lines black, all 
well defined and equidistant; the first outcurved in cell, then oblique 
inward, dentate baseward on veins, preceded by a similar but more 
diffuse line; median line parallel to inner, well curved round the black 
cell spot; outer line also parallel, but dentate outward and lunulate 
inward, followed by a shade which forms an angulated black blotch on 
vein 4; submarginal line wavy, whitish, preceded and followed by 
coarse black confluent speckles; both this and the outer line are inter- 
rupted below vein 3; a black marginal line; fringe gray, becoming 
white below. 

[Tindwing.—W ithout basal lines; the dark shade beyond postmedian ~ 
more developed; the submarginal broader, less waved; marginal line 
blacker. 

Under side white, in the forewing black speckled; the three lines 
clear above the middle; cell spot black; a blackish marginal band; 
costa yellowish marked with black; hindwing with narrower blacker 
submarginal fascia fading out toward anal angle. 

Head and thorax olive-gray; abdomen white peppered with gray 
and with indications of pairs of dark spots; forelegs black, with pale 
joints. 

Expanse of wings.—68 ram. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male. 

The hind margin of forewing is distinctly elbowed at vein 6 and 
indented below. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9353, U.S.N.M. 
BRONCHELIA MARCIDA, new species. 


Forewing. —Cream-color, thickly covered with olive-gray atoms; 
the lines very obscurely marked, except by the dark costal streaks; 
the first curved to near base of inner margin, preceded by a similar 
line; median bent out round the brownish cell spot, then oblique; outer 
line marked by brown points on veins; oblique outward to vein 6, 
vertical to 4, then incurved; submarginal line indicated by pale lunules 
between veins edged on each side by a somewhat deeper tint of gray; 
a fine darker marginal line; fringe concolorous. 


ay 


- 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 5O5 


HTindwing.—W ith an antemedian pale brown shade; the teeth of the 

outer line more strongly marked and followed by a broad pale brown 
shade; marginal line stronger. 

Under side cream-white; costa of both wings with gray strie. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. 

Expanse of wings.—60 mm. 

Locality.— Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9354, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BRYOPTERA Guenée. 
BRYOPTERA ALBIPLAGA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hite, more or less covered with olive and dull lilac 
suffusion, the pale parts with olive strizw; basal two-thirds of costa 
olive-drab; lines black, velvety, irregularly crinkled; first from one- 
fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin, angled in cell and pre- 
ceded by an olive shade; outer line at two-thirds, parallel throughout 
to hind margin, followed by a broad band of olive and lilac scales, 
which fill up the lunules of the whitish submarginal line; marginal 
area with olive-green striz, which are thickened along the submarginal 
line; some dark green spots between veins along margin; fringe whit- 
ish, mottled with olive; cell spot large, black, followed “by a double 
median line running parallel to the outer line; the cell beyond inner 
line forms a prominent white blotch, and there is a smaller white blotch 
at base of inner margin, containing a dark spot at base beneath sub- 
median vein. 

[Hindwing.—Without basal line, the rest as in forewing, but the 
lines clearer; the base of wing is white, and a large white blotch 
between cell spot and outer line, extending to costa. 

Under side greenish ochreous; the outer two-fifths dark greenish 
fuscous, leaving the extreme margin and fringe ochreous; cell spots 
black. 

Head, shoulders, patagia, and thorax pale pearl-gray; tips of patagia 
with black scales intermixed; basal segments of abdomen white with 
dark speckling; rest-of abdomen grayish olive; palpi externally dark 
olive-brown; and a bar of the same color across middle of face. 

Expanse of wings. —40 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, April, 
1904, 

Distinguished by its general moss-green appearance. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9355, U.S.N.M. 
BRYOPTERA NIGRILINEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hitish, overlaid with moss-green and pale lilac scales; 
these last restricted to the marginal space beyond outer line and to the 
base of inner margin; first line thick, dark green, from before one- 


506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


third of costa, curved to one-third of inner margin, preceded by a 
similar but more obscure shade; outer line at two-thirds outcurved 
above middle, incurved below, black, followed by a green shade on a 
lilac ground; median line parallel to outer and nearer it than to first 
line, green; cell spot diffuse, green; submarginal line zigzag, followed 
by dark green and preceded by lilac, the space between veins + and 6 
with some black scales in both areas; marginal spots black; fringe 
(worn) lilae. 

/Tindwing.—Basal three-fifths whitish; a green streak at base and 
broad green median shade meeting outer black line on inner margin; 
the rest as in forewing. 

Under side dusty whitish, in forewing suffused with dull green and 
with a dark greenish marginal border, leaving apex and a spot below 
vein 4+ whitish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen lilac-gray. 

27 mm. 
Locality.—Ecuador; 1 male. 
Cat. No. 9356, U.S.N.M. 


5 : 
LL Panse Of WINGS. 


Type. 


Genus CYMATOPHORA Hibner. 
CYMATOPHORA DIVERGENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale gray, speckled with olive-fuscous; costa with 
numerous fine dark streaks; lines fine, dark; first curved at one-fifth; 
second, median, straight from before middle of costa to two-fifths of 
inner margin, slightly bent outward on vein 1; outer line fine, faintly 
lunulate between veins, from two-thirds of costa to three-fifths of inner 
margin, parallel to hind margin, followed by a darker shade only vis- 
ible at inner margin where it forms two dark lunules; submarginal 
line obscure, defined by dark lunules beyond cell and above inner 
margin, and followed by a darker tint to the margin; cell spot dark, 
well beyond median line; marginal spots small; fringe gray. 

[Tindwing.—With straight antemedian line and double, nearly 
straight brown postmedian marginal area beyond it darker; submar- 
ginal line marked by dark spots only. 

Under side uniformly pale, gray speckled; cell spots distinct; lines 
obscure, a cloudy dark fuscous submarginal shade, incomplete on 
hindwing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. 

Kixpanse of wings.—4+4 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, 
November, 1904. 

The two outer lines on both wings diverge from each other toward 
costa. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9857, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 5O7 


CYMATOPHORA FLEXILINIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Lilac-gray, whitish, thickly speckled-with darker in one 
female; first line at one-fifth, angled in cell, second at two-fifths 
oblique and straight, both obscure; outer line at two-thirds distinctly 
bent on vein 4, then oblique, obscurely lunulate; all three lines are 
accompanied by a few fulvous scales, the last being followed by a 
darker shade, forming blackish blotches above and below vein 1; sub- 
marginal line denoted by a row of black spots between veins, these 
between 4 and 6 triangular and followed by larger wedge-shaped spots; 
cell spot and marginal spots black; fringe concolorous. 

ITindwing.—W ith straight antemedian line slightly sinuous post- 
median, the latter incurved toward costa and double toward inner mar- 
gin; a row of submarginal dark spots and black marginal ones. In 
the female the marginal area in both wings is also tinged with fulvous. 

Under side pale, thickly speckled with gray, in both sexes; the lines 
and a submarginal dark gray, stronger in the paler female. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous in each case with wings. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 44 mm.; female, 40-44 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male, 2 females. 

In the forewing the hind margin is slightly dentate at veins 4 and 6; 
the hindwing is crenulate throughout. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9358, U.S.N.M. 


CYMATOPHORA VIRIDITINCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Olive-ochreous, with olive striz; the lines starting from 
blackish costal blotches at one-fifth, two-fifths, three-fifths, respec- 
tively, waved parallel to hind margin and approximating on inner 
margin, the outer line double; submarginal line pale and waved at 
four-fifths, preceded by a series of dark lunular spots, and with dark 
spots beyond between veins + and 6; black marginal spots; fringe pale 
and dark olive. 

Hindwing.—Without inner lines; a broad antemedian dark shade 
from inner margin followed by a dark cell spot, the rest as in fore- 
wing. 

Under side pale greenish straw-color, without markings except a 
black submarginal shade on forewing, thinning out to anal angle, and 
widened to margin between 4 and 6; costa of forewing with olive spots 
and strie; black spots along margin; hindwing with cell spot and faint 
submarginal line at apex. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. 

Expanse of wings.—35 mm. 

Locality.—Paraguay; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9859, U.S.N.M. 


D08 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus HYMENOMIMA Warren. 
HYMENOMIMA EXANGULATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale gray with a slaty tinge, speckled with darker, in- 
the marginal area suffused with slaty fuscous; lines thick, blackish, 
at one-fourth, one-half, and two-thirds of costa; first curved and above 
median double; median waved, and hardly outcurved round the large 
black cell spot; outer line velvety black, toothed outward on veins, 
running outward to vein 4, then bent sharply at right angles, and again 
more bluntly on submedian fold, there closely approaching middle 
line, followed by a thick dark strongly dentate shade; submarginal 
line slate-color, very slightly waved, edged on both sides by dark slaty 
fuscous shades; marginal dots quite small; fringe dark gray; from 
median line to the angle of ‘outer line a patch of rose-colored scales 
runs along and below vein 4. . 

Hindwing.—W ith a thick antemedian dark shade, the rust-colored 
patch prominent. 

Under side dirty gray, with a luteous tinge, paler beyond the large 
black cell spots before the broad black marginal border; fringe at 
apex and anal angle luteous-gray, between blackish. Head, thorax, 
and abdomen gray, speckled with darker; third and fourth dorsal seg- 
ments with rust-colored scales. 

Kxpanse of WINGS. —28 mm. 

Locality.—Rockstone, Essequibo, British Guiana; 1 male, Septem- 
ber, 1904. : 

Type.—Cat. No. 9360, U.S.N.M. 


HYMENOMIMA SUBNIGRATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Whitish gray, with fine obscure darker striations and 
peppered with black; lines all starting from black costal spots; a black 
spot at base of cell, followed by a short line; first line at about one- 
fourth, double, the arms far apart on costa, the outer outcurved in 
cell, approximating near base of inner margin, outer line at two-thirds, 
lunulate-dentate, curved parallel to hind margin, black, followed by 
a dark gray, more strongly dentate shade; median line from a large 
costal spot, oblique outward and angled on veins 4 and 6, approaching 
outer line on inner margin; submarginal line whitish, regularly waved 
between two dark shades, forming a white spot on submedian fold; 
large black marginal spots; fringe dark and light 
black, lunulate. 


gray; cell spot 


Hindwing.—Like forewing, but without the basal lines. 

Under side smoky-fuscous, with broad smoky black marginal bor- 
ders; the fringes white, with dark checkering beyond the veins; the 
apex of forewing narrowly whitish; cell spots black. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 5OY 


Head, thorax, and abdomen pale gray dusted with darker; shoulders 
black with their base white; vertex, collar, and basal seoment of 
antennee white; palpi black. 

Expanse of wings.—48 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, Sep- 
tember, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9361, U.S.N.M. 


Genus IDIALCIS, new genus. 


Forewing.—Narrow, elongate; costa slightly curved; hind margin 
obliquely curved, crenulate. 

Hindwing.—¥longate; inner margin short; hind margin straight 
from anal angle to vein 4, thence rounded. 

Antenne of male bipectinate, the pectinations well separated, not so 
oblique as usual and ciliated; palpi porrect, short; tongue and frenu- 
lum present; no fovea in forewing. 

Neuration.—Forewing, cell quite half as long as wing; discocellular 
vertical; first median nervule at four-fifths; second close to third; 
radials normal; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10 and 11 stalked or coincident, 10 on 
the joint stalk anastomosing with 8, 9; hindwing, costal, and subcostal 
approximated for nearly the whole length of cell; 7 from close to 
upper angle, 3 from well before lower angle; no radial. 

Type.—Idialeis jacintha Butler (Phibalaptery). 

The insects have the appearance of Zephroclystva and without exami- 
nation the costal and subcostal of hindwings appear to anastomose, 
but there is no radial in hindwing. 


IDIALCIS MEXICUBA, new species. 


Forewing.— Brownish gray, speckled with darker, the wing present- 
ing a rough appearance, as in S. farinosa Warren; the costa with dark 
striations; the lines obscure; first from one-fourth of costa curved 
inward to near base of inner margin, preceded by a similar line; outer 
line dark brown, from four-fifths of costa, oblique inward to below 7, 
then outcurved, and from 6 obliquely curved inward to middle of inner 
margin, emitting baseward black teeth along the veins and followed 
by a distinct brown shade; median line diffuse, bent out round the 
linear black cell spot and better marked above inner margin where it 
approaches outer line; submarginal line whitish, waved, followed by ¢ 
brown-gray shade and preceded by a paler space; a dark marginal 
festooned line; fringe brown-gray. 

Hindwing.—Paler toward costa; a blackish line at base; a gray 
antemedian line before the dark cell spot, the rest as in forewing. 

Under side of forewing olive-cinereous, with the costa striated, and 
a dark marginal border and cell spot; hindwing dull whitish, speckled 
with olive-gray. 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Face, palpi, and tips of shoulders black-brown; vertex, thorax, and 
abdomen like wings, the abdomen ringed with dark, and with a black 
belt at base; fore and middle legs dark fuscous in front. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Oaxaca, Mexico; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9362, U.S.N.M. 


Genus IRIDOPSIS Warren. 
IRIDOPSIS EUPEPLA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hite with a slight tinge of ochreous-gray; lines start- 
ing from brown costal spots at one-third, one-half, and two-thirds, 
respectively; first angled in cell, then oblique to near base of inner 
margin, preceded by a pale brown shade; outer line incurved below 
costa, shortly projecting at vein 5, then sinuous inward to middle of 
inner margin, most clearly marked between veins 6 and 4, followed 
throughout by a brown shade; median line hardly marked, except 
sometimes on inner margin; cell spot concolorous, hardly visible; sub- 
marginal line inconspicuous except beyond cell, where it is preceded 
and followed by gray clouds and the oblique line from vein 7; sub- 
marginal spots black; fringe white. 

TTindwing.—With straight antemedian gray line, followed by an 
elongated white cel! mark with darker edges; outer line black, curved 
outward from costa to vein 7, then vertical to the fold, thence incurved 
to inner margin; the rest as in forewing. 

Under side whitish, with a dull gray tinge in forewing; a dull dark 
gray marginal border, leaving apex of forewing pale; cell spots black; 
costa of forewing black spotted. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish; base of abdomen with a narrow 
black belt. 

Kxpanse of wings.—Male 24 mm.; female 26 mm. 

Locality.—Santiago, Cuba; 1 male, June, 1904; 1 female, October, 
1902. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9363, U.S.N.M. 


IRIDOPSIS FUSILINEA, new species. 


Forewing. —White, with black speckles; the lines black, the first 
double, the two arms well separated on costa, bent on subcostal vein, 
then oblique to near base of inner margin; outer line from two-thirds 
of costa, slightly inwardly curved at first then forming a short rounded 
projection on vein 5 and running to middle of inner margin, forming 
a blunt elbow on vein4 andon submedian fold; it is followed by a dark 
shade marked with brown blotches on the veins; median shade illy 
marked, oblique outward from costa and angled in cell, touching outer 
line at vein + and close to it on submedian fold; cell spot ocelloid, white 
with black edge and a few brown scales at center; submarginal line 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. ‘Sm al 


waved and distinctly edged with shades above middle, straighter but 
indistinct below; the lunules between 4 and 6 filled wp with and fol- 
lowed by dark gray shading, edged above by an oblique streak from 
vein 7; submarginal spots large and conspicuous; the marginal line 
black; fringe pale gray. 

Hindwing.—With black dash at base, blackish antemedian line, 
black postmedian line, forming a slight blunt angle on the fold and 
followed by a brown marked gray band; submarginal line flexuous 
between two flexuous dark shades; the black spots at margin connected 
with the black marginal festoon. 

Under side dull white, both wings with dark cell spots and cloudy 
median line; forewing with costa streaked with black; a broad black 
apical cloud to vein 4, leaving apex itself white, continued as a diffuse 
blotch below vein 3; hindwing with a narrower submarginal dark 
cloud. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish speckled with dark, forming 
rings on the dorsal segments; a blackish band at base of abdomen. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locatlity.—Matanzas, Cuba; 1 female, November, 1902. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9364, U.S.N.M. 


IRIDOPSIS HUMILIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale gray, rather glossy in certain lights, the basal and 
marginal areas faintly tinged with olive; costal edge finely streaked 
with black; lines fine, very obscure, starting from dark costal spots at 
one-third, one-half, and two-thirds; the first running to near inner 
margin and marked with a black spot on veins; outer marked with a 
black spot below vein 6, roundly projecting on vein 5, then sinuous 
inward to before middle of inner margin, black from 5 to 4, and fol- 
lowed by a faintly darker shade; the pale, slightly glossy submarginal 
line lunulate, edged with darker, the lunules beyond cell filled up with 
blackish, followed by an oblique curved dark streak from vein 7 which 
projects into the pale gray fringe; submarginal spots black; marginal 
line finely black; cell spot ocelloid, of the ground-color. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing; the cell mark with dark edges; the 
outer line nearly straight, the shade beyond it crenulate; the submar- 
ginal shades thicker and darker. 

Under side smoky gray clouded with darker; the cell spots anda 
broad marginal border smoky blackish; apex of forewings and fringes 
of both wings pale gray; costa of forewing with black spots; a dark 
blotch below cell spot of forewing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; base of shoulders blackish, 
their apex olive; palpi externally and a broad central bar across face 
dark brown. 


o12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


xpanse of wings. —27 mm. 
Locality.—Santiago, Cuba; 1 male, November; 1 female, June, 1902. 
Type.—Cat. No. 93865, U.S.N.M. 


IRIDOPSIS INVENUSTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale bone-color dusted with dull gray speckles; the 
linesdull gray; firstdouble, the arms far apart on costa, approximating 
at one-half of inner margin; cell mark ocelloid, filled in with gray and 
edged with darker, followed by an obscure diffuse gray median shade; 
outer line from three-fourths of costa, incurved at first, bluntly rounded 
outward on vein 5, then sinuous inward to three-fifths of inner margin, 
followed by a diffuse gray shade; two dark gray submarginal gray 
shades containing between them the paler submarginal lines; blackish 
marginal spots touching a fine marginal line; fringe pale gray. 

Hindwing.— Like forewing but without basal markings; cell spot 
dark-edged, but not filled in with darker, touching internally a waved 
gray antemedian line. 

Under side dirty bone-color without markings; forewing with black- 
ish cell spot and diffuse apical cloud. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face and palpi brownish 
gray. 

Expanse of wings.—85 mm. 

Locality.—Rio Janeiro, Brazil; 1 male. 

An inconspicuous insect. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9366, U.S.N.M. 


IRIDOPSIS MEMOR, new species. 


Forewing.—Cinereous, dusted and tinged with fuscous; the Ines 
starting from dark costal spots at one-third, one-half, and to two- 
thirds; the first curved inward to near base of inner margin, preceded by 
a dark cloud which meets it below and is divergent above; outer line 
lunulate-dentate, marked with black spots on veins 7 and 6, incurved 
below middle to middle of inner margin, followed by a dark shade; 
median line angled well beyond the black cell spot, touching outer line 
at vein +; submarginal. line evenly lunulate, pale, between two dark 
shades, the inner the deepest, black lunules along margin; fringe pale 
oray. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing without basal line; the median shade 
thick and diffuse. 

Under side whitish ochreous smudged with smoky gray; a broad 
smoky black marginal border, leaving apex of forewing and whole 
margin of hindwing marrowly pale; cell spots black; costa of forewing 
ochreous, with black striz and spots. 

Head, thorax, and abomen like wings; base of abdomen with a black 
belt; face and palpi brown-black. 


ii 


| 


; No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID. MOTHS—WARREN. 513 


Expanse of wings. —37 mm. 

Locality.—Omai, British Guiana; 1 male. Exceedingly like the 
European Alcis gemmaria. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9367, U.S.N.M. 


IRIDOPSIS RUFISPARSA, new species. 


Forewing.— White, freckled with gray, more strongly in male than 
in female; lines blackish, rising from dark gray costal spots; the first 
before one-third inwardly curved to one-fifth of inner margin, the 
outer from two-thirds of costa, obliquely curved outward and forming 
a blunt projection on vein 5, then twice sinuous inward, slightly 
angled on vein 2 and again just above inner margin, which it reaches 
at middle; the first line is preceded and the outer followed by a par- 
allel gray shade containing bright red scales, some of them also 
appearing on the inner line itself; a gray median line bent outward 
beyond cell, then incurved; cell mark large, of raised white scales, 
surrounded with olive scales and with bright red scales in middle; 


~ submarginal line lunulate between gray shading of varying intensity, 


the inner deeper beyond the cell and on bind margin to vein 7, where 
the dark is abruptly cut off, leaving the apex pale; a fine marginal 
line, preceded by a distinct series of black spots; fringe white, mottled 
with gray beyond veins. 

Hindwing.—With a black basal dash, a waved antemedian line 
ending in a dark spot on middle of inner margin; outer line angled on 
the fold, the shade beyond it reddish brown; the cell mark trilobed, 
edged with dark. 

Under side with a slight gray flush; cell spots large and dark, with 
the median shade obscurely marked; a broad blackish marginal border, 
narrowing and becoming fainter toward anal angle; leaving apex 
white and a pale patch between veins 3 and 4 on forewing; fainter 
and submarginal on hindwing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, mixed with gray in the male, 
which also has the face and palpi gray; abdomen with a strong black 
‘belt at base; the dorsal segments with pairs of red spots and in the 
male tinged with gray. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 38 mm.; female, 44 mm. 

Locality.—Santiago, Cuba; 1 male, November; 1 female, June, 1902. 
_ The red scales are easily overlooked, and are most plentiful in the 
male. Iam inclined to believe this is the insect identified with /ar- 

varia Guenée by Herrich-Schaefter and Gundlach. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9368, U.S.N.M. 


IRIDOPSIS TRANSVISATA, new species. 


Forewing. —Semihyaline whitish, with a faint green tint, finely pep- 
pered with black scales; costa ochreous, streaked and spotted with 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——33 


a . 


514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


black; lines at one-third, one-half, and two-thirds; the first curved and 
narrow but preceded by a broad blackish band; median line angled 
beyond cell, then oblique and below middle, swelling into a broad band 
all but touching outer line; outer line marked by black points on the 
veins, sinuous, bent at vein 5 and outcurved again-on inner margin; 
marginal area mainly filled with a blackish cloud, except at apex and 
margin between 3 and 4, through which the pale waved submarginal 
line is visible; marginal spots black; fringe pale gray, checkered with 
darker; cell spot black in a diffuse cloud. 

[Tindwing.—Similar, without basal lines; a broad median band; cell 
spot ocelloid, with pale center; outer line marked by black vein spots, 
forming a square projection between vein 6 and the fold, strongly 
concave below. 

Under side opalescent ochreous, with a faint pink tinge; both wings 
with broad black marginal border, the fringes and apex of forewing 
pale; cell spot of forewing larger; of hindwing small, blackish. 

Thorax and abdomen olive-ochreous, like wings; head and palpi dark 
brown; oben tinged with darker; basal segment with black scales. 


coo z Y: Sead ‘British Gamee 1 male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9369, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PHEROTESIA Schaus. 
PHEROTESIA INDISTINCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Grayish olive mixed with brown, the whole densely 
dusted with black atoms; costal edge with dense blackish striz; the 
lines darker but indistinct, and all in parts geminate; first from one- 
half of costa to one-third of inner margin, outcurved above and below 
median; it is preceded by an ill-defined dark streak running to inner 
margin near base; outer line from two-thirds of costa to two-thirds of 
inner margin, lunulate-dentate, somewhat angularly projecting on vein 
4, the outer arm in a brownish olive shade; cell spot black, traversed 
by a fine median line in the main parallel to outer line; submarginal 
line pale, somewhat interrupted, preceded and followed by darker 
olive shades; marginal dark spots between veins; fringe checkered 
dark and lighter olive. The brown tints are disposed chiefly along the 
course of the two folds. 

[Tindwing.—Dirty whitish ochreous, dusted with gray-green scales, 
and darker along hind margin; traces of greenish lines above anal 
angle; fringe gray, beyond a fine wavy marginal line. 

Under side, like upper side of hindwing, gray speckled; the hind 
margin darker, especially toward apex; costa of forewing yellowish, 
with black strive; cell spot of hindwing large and black. 

Head and thorax like forewing; abdomen like hindwing, but darker 
along dorsum; forelegs and antenne mottled black and ochreous. 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. BL 


Expanse of wings.—87 mm. 

Locality.—Grizaba, Mexico; 1 male. 

Though I have placed this species in Pheroteséa Schaus, by reason 
of the presence of a distinct radial in the hindwing, it differs consider- 
ably in appearance from other species, and will probably require a 
genus for itself. In both wings the discocellular is triangulate, the 
radial in each case rising from the lower, outward angulation. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9370, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PHYSOCLEORA Warren. 
PHYSOCLEORA ALBIBRUNNEA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hite, the basal and marginal areas deep brown; the 
first and third lines black from a little before one-third and two-thirds 
of the costa; the first curved to the outer edge of the large pale fovea; 
the outer outcurved above to vein 3, then incurved to submedian fold, 
and thence vertical to three-fifths of inner margin; an interrupted 
blackish median line outcurved round the black cell spot; submarginal 
line slightly paler, being preceded by a deeper brown shade; marginal 
spots black; fringe brown. 

Hindwing.—W ith basal half white; a broad dark antemedian shade; 
outer line followed by a narrow pale line (which is less evident in the 
forewing); anal area of marginal space whitish. 

Under side like upper, but- the dark markings more diffuse and 
fuscous. 

Face and palpi dark brown; vertex, shoulders, and patagia white; 
thorax and metathorax brown; abdomen white, with a narrow dark 
belt at base, and the third and fourth segments blackish. 

Eixpanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9871, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSOCLEORA CRETARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Chalk-white; costa dark gray at base, with four dark 
spots at origin of lines, with black spots between them; first and sec- 
ond large and diffuse, formed of olive and black scales, oblique out- 
ward; third small and black; fourth largest, oblique inward, of olive 
scales; the first three at one-fourth, one-half, and two-thirds; the lines 
marked by olive scales; first angled in cell; second on vein 6; the first 
curved inward, the second sinuous, the third outcurved from 6 to 2, 
and forming a sinus inward on submedian fold, marked by black 
spots on veins 6 and 1, and a black blotch above and below vein 4, fol- 
‘lowed by an incomplete olive shade; the submarginal shade preceding 
submarginal line rises from the fourth costal blotch, is marked by an 


ro : 


516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


orange patch above vein 6, and broken olive scaling below, on each 
side of vein 4 forming olive and brown patches and below vein marked 
only by its outer edge; the outer shade is marked only by olive 
blotches beyond cell and on vein 2; marginal dots small; fringe white, 
with irregular olive mottling. 

Hindwing.—W ith dark antemedian and postmedian lines, the latter 
followed by an olive shade; the two submarginal shades ill-defined, 
clearest toward apex; cell spot black. 

Under side whitish, freckled and tinged with olive on forewing; a 
dark, smoky, olive, marginal shade narrowing to anal angle, leaving 
apex and a patch below vein 4 paler; costa spotted with dark; hind- 
wing freckled along costa only; cell spots present on both wings. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen white; the last with a pair of large 
black blotches on second segment; palpi white mixed with olive; legs 
olive, paler at the joints. 

Kxpanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 female. 

Hind margin of hindwing deeply indented beyond cell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9372, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSOCLEORA FULGURATA, new species. 


Forewing. —W hitish, thickly sprinkled, and beyond outer line suf- 
fused with brownish fuscous; lines dark brown, at one-fourth and two- 
thirds, thickened on costa; first curved, projecting above and below | 
median vein; median curved round and nearly touching the rather 
large linear black cell spot, then incurved to middle of inner margin; 
outer line blacker on veins, curved parallel to median, followed by a 
fulvous shade; submarginal line whitish, strongly zigzag through the 
brownish marginal area, which is a little paler before the large black 
marginal lunules; fringe gray-brown with dark dashes near base. 

Hindwing.—Similar, but without inner line; cell spot large and 
round. 

Under side with the basal area as far as median line dark like the — 
marginal in the forewing; in the hindwing with the base of antemedian | 
line paler; in both wings the outer line followed by a pale line. 

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen varied, light and dark like wings; face — 
and palpi dark brown. 

Kxpanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Localities.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, | 
1904; 60 miles up Maroni River; 1 female, August, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9373, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSOCLEORA FUSCICOSTA, new species. 


horewing.—W hite, the basal space, costa, and marginal area with | 
dark greenish fuscous shadings; costa thickly striated with dark, and 


E 
¥ 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 517 


with dark blotches at the origins of the lines; the lines very fine, first 
at one-fourth, angled in cell, then vertical to median, then inwardly 
oblique, the inclosed space except the fovea, greenish fuscous; outer 
line at two-thirds, outcurved from vein 6 to 2.and marked by large 
dark spots on veins, followed by a green shade, mixed with lilac, sub- 
marginal line indistinct, inclosed between two greenish fuscous bands, 
both interrupted between 3 and 4, and 6 and 7; large blackish green 
marginal spots connected by a fine dark festoon; fringe moss-green, 
dashed with pale beyond veins; a fine dark cell spot; median line shown 
only by a dark costal spot and some green streaks on inner margin. 

Hindwing.—W ith wavy antemedian line and black cell spot, the 
rest as in forewing, but the submarginal shades still more broken up 
by the white ground-color. 

Under side of forewing suffused with greenish fuscous, with the 
dark cell spot, outer line and submarginal shades shown; hindwings 
whitish, with the lines punctiform. 

Head, shoulders dark olive-fuscous, thorax and abdomen whitish 
mottled with dark; the two basal segments white. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male. 

The hind margin of hindwing is deeply insinuate beyond cell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9874, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSOCLEORA NUBILATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Grayish white, clouded with dark gray; the lines fine, 
blackish, rising at even distances on the costa; at one-third, one-half, and 
two-thirds, the first and second bent in cell, the third marked by dark 
spots on veins and approaching median line on inner margin, followed 
by a broad, dark gray band, the outer edge of which fills up the lunules 
of a pale submarginal line, the margin itself being again dark gray; 
marginal spot black; fringe dark gray; cell spot small, black; fovea 
large, round, scaleless. 

Hindwing.—W ithout inner line. 

Under side similar; the cell spots larger and blacker, the dark gray 
shades still darker. Vertex, thorax, and abdomen gray speckled with 

darker; face, palpi, and forelegs dark fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality. —St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, March, 
1904. 

Very much like ymenomima minuta Warren, but with lines, not 
bands.. 

Type.—Cat. Nov 9375, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSOCLEORA RECTIVECTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Grayish white, or white thickly freckled with pale olive 


| seales; the lines olive-gray, starting from dark costal spots at one- 


" eva — 


518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


third, one-half, and two-thirds; the first and second outeurved above 
middle, the third outcurved from vein 7 to 2, marked by dark vein 
spots; submarginal line gray, zigzag, preceded and followed by olive- 
fusecous shading mixed on veins 3, 4, and 6 in the inner band with ful- 
vous scales, this band stopping short at vein 3, the outer interrupted 
between 3 and 4; extreme margin gray; marginal spots black, con- 
spicuous; cell spot slight; fringe pale and dark gray. 

Hindwing.—W ithout basal line. 

Under side dull white, flushed with olive in forewing where the costa 
shows fine oblique dark dots and spots; both wings with broad black 
margins with straight inner edge, leaving the fringes whitish; cell 
spots slight. 

Head and thorax whitish, speckled with olive; abdomen missing; 
legs fuscous. 

cupanse of wings. —24 mm. 

Locality.— Nova Fiburgo, Brazil; 1 female. 

Distinguished by the straight edged dark borders of the under side. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9876, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSOCLEORA SCUTIGERA, new species. 


Forewing.--W hite, with a few olive-gray speckles; the basal area 
and costal space more thickly dusted; lines olive-fuscous, starting 
from dark costal spots at one-third, one-half, and two-thirds; the first 
bent on subcostal and again on submedian fold, straight between and 
oblique below, with a gray shade in front of it; median line bent out- 
ward beyond the slight gray cell spot, then oblique inward; outer line 
marked by dark vein dots, outbent between 6 and 3, strongly inbent 
in submedian interspace, followed by a dark olive-fuscous blotch on 
vein 4, and a slight olive shade throughout; two dark olive-fuscous 
shades define the waved submarginal line; marginal spots large and 
dark; fringe white varied with gray. 

Hindwing.—Without basal line; the rest as in forewing, but the 
outer line regularly lunulate-dentate followed by a well marked olive 
shade. 

Under side white; forewing clouded with olive-gray to beyond mid- 
dle, leaving a white ill-defined space before the broad blackish hind 
margin; costa with fine pale and dark streaks; hindwing wholly white 
except a small gray cloud at apex; fringes white. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen white; face with a dark central bar; 
shoulders with a dark gray spot in front; third and fourth segments 
of abdomen with a black saddle, pale in center; anal segment blackish 
above before the tufts; legs whitish. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. . 

Locality.—Chaco, Bolivia; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9877, U.S.N.M. 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 519 


PHYSOCLEORA SUFFUSCA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hitish gray, thickly and uniformly powdered with 
olive-gray; the lines indistinct, except at costa, the exterior marked 
by black vein spots and black from vein 5 to 8, followed by a double 
bloteh of fulvous and fuscous seales, the fulvous lying on the veins; 
the submarginal line waved, between two darker gray bands; marginal 
spots black, connected by a fine black festooned line; fringe gray; 
cell spot obscure. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing, without inner line, the cell spot black; 
the shade beyond outer line complete, fulvous tinged. 

Under side of forewing olive-fuscous, paler before the dark fuscous 
margin; fringe whitish; cell spot black; hindwing white, with fuscous 
cell spot and marginal spots. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings, pale 
darker; face brown. 

Eixpanse of wings.—25-mm. 

Locality.-—- ——; 1 female. ; 

Like P. rectisecta but grayer, and with the hindwing beneath wholly 
white. 

Type. 


gray speckled with 


Cat: Ne. 9378, U.5..N. M. 


PHYSOCLEORA VENIRUFATA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hite, sparsely blackish speckled; the lines blackish, 
fine; the costal area thickly dusted with gray; first line strongly 
curved from one-third of costa to one-fourth of inner margin, marked 
blacker on the veins, preceded by a broader shade, which is marked in 
the male by a red spot on median vein; median line indistinct, angled 
on vein 6 beyond the black cell spot; outer line from three-fourths of 
costa sinuous, mottled blacker on veins, followed by a gray shade, 
which forms a double blotch on each side of vein 4, veins 6, +, and 3 
being marked with rufous; submarginal line waved, whitish, defined 
by dark shades; cell spots black; fringe whitish, checkered with gray. 

Hindwing.—Like forewing, with only a dark bar at base. 

Under side white, slight grayish toward costa of forewing, which is 
striated and spotted with dark; a broad blackish border, narrowing to 
anal angle and continued shortly at apex of hindwing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, speckled with gray; abdomen 
with gray dorsal rings and a black belt at base; face with a dark bar 
in middle; legs white; forelegs mottled with fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 25 mm.; female, 26 mm. 

Localities. —Castro, Parana, Brazil, 2 females; Rio Janeiro, 1 male. 

In the male the rufous markings are stronger, the shade beyond 
outer line in both wings being tinged with that color and the blotch 
below vein 4 nearly wholly rufous; in females, one of which is much 


a + 


520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


darker than the other, the rufous is restricted to the veins, the darker 
female has a dark band on hindwing beneath reaching anal angle. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9379, U.S.N.M. 


Genus STENALCIDIA Warren. 
STENALCIDIA NITENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Chalk-white, faintly dark-speckled; costa with small 
black strive; the lines black; first from one-fourth of costa, angled on 
subcostal, then obliquely curved inward to near base of inner margin, 
inclosing the fovea; a black costal spot at middle, from which traces 
can be seen of an outbent median shade; outer line from.three-fourths 
of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, slightly outbent beyond cell, 
incurved below vein 4, thick and dentate outward on veins, emitting a 
spur to hind margin from vein 4; shade before submarginal line rep- 
resented by two contiguous blackish marks at costa, two more beyond 
cell, and some gray ones below; the shade beyond by two dark marks 
beyond cell only; marginal spots black, lunular, those below costa 
produced inward; fringe white. 

ITindwing.—With black basal spot, curved median line below cell, 
black cell spot and exterior line; a faint submarginal shade. 

Under side dull white, in the forewing tinged with gray; the lines 
indicated, especially the outer line. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen white; shoulders and a thick ring on 
basal segment of abdomen black: the other segments with pairs of 
dark dots; palpi black. 

Expanse of wings.—34+ mm. 

Locality.— Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—-Cat. No. 9380, U.S.N.M. 


Genus STENOTRACHELYS Guenée. 
STENOTRACHELYS INSULARIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Male ochreous, densely sprinkled with blackish specks 
and striz, and partially tinged with brown; the lines black and thick; 
first from before one-third of costa outcurved above and oblique 
inward to one-fifth of inner margin; second from beyond. middle of 
costa, outcurved above, then inward, closely approaching first line on 
vein 2 to middle of inner margin; outer line from four-fifths of costa 
to two-thirds of inner margin, sinuous, followed by a brown shade 
which is edged by an irregularly dentate black line, which is itself 
edged by the submarginal line which, when visible, is whitish; a black 
marginal line interrupted by the pale veins; fringe brownish gray, 
with pale base; cell spot black. 

Hindwing.—N ith median and outer lines approximated, the median 
touching a whitish cell spot; marginal area filled in with dark, show- 
ing in places a whitish submarginal line. 


aa 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 591 


Under side wholly brown, thickly speckled with fuscous, the mar- 
ginal areas darker. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; vertex snow-white. 

Eiepanse of wings.—36 mm. 

Locality.— Santiago, Cuba; August, 1902. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9381, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily HIDONIIN:4S. 
Genus EUPILETA Warren. 
EUPILETA? SUBCZESIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Purplish slate-color, with four vertical wavy dentate 
dark brown lines, from costa at one-fifth, two-fifths, three-fifths, and 
four-fifths, the second and third insinuate on both folds, the second 
followed by a dark cell spot; submarginal line thickened, and edged 
with paler; marginal line dark, interrupted at veins; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—With the outer three lines, the cell spot between first 
and second. 

Under side slate-color, both wings with two thick lines; cell spot 
and broad marginal border dark brown. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face dark brown. 

Eixpanse of wings.—16 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male; July, 
1904. 

In breadth and shortness of wing, and also in markings this species 


>= 


is remarkably like the type species / A/rsuta Warren from Tijuco, 


Brazil; but in the hindwing the costal and subcostal veins approxi- 
mate only for one-third of cell, but certainly do not anastomose. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9382, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HYPOMETALLA Warren. 
HYPOMETALLA PURPUREA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark slaty-purple; the lines deep brown with edging of 
dull yellow scales; costal edge yellow with purple dots; extreme base 
dark; first line at one-fourth, thick, curved inward and joining basal 
patch on inner margin; a slight curved middle line preceding the dark 
cell mark; outer line from four-fifths of costa to three-fourths of inner 
margin, blotched and waved; traces of a dark submarginal line; mar- 
ginal line thick, interrupted at the vein ends; fringe purple with yel- 
low line at base. 

Hindwing.—With antemedian, postmedian, and submarginal line, 
all very obscure. 

Under side duller, with the lines dark. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen all dark purplish; the face with some 
dull reddish orange scales intermixed. 


529 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Expanse of WINGS. —17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 2 females; 
April, 1904. 

Differs from the type species in not having any metallic scales on 
the under face of the wings; the sinus beyond cell in hind margin of 
hindwings is very slight. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9383, U.S.N.M. 


HYPOMETALLA? SCINTILLANS, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep velvety brown, with a purplish tinge in places, 
and dusted except in outer half of wing, with fine bluish scales; a thick 
brown line near base, angled outward in cell, then inwardly oblique; 
the cell itself paler, tinged with fulvous, the discocellular marked with 
a fine brown vertical line, followed by a patch of silvery white, 
beyond which there are traces of a brown median line; a thick brown 
postmedian line joined to a large brown cloud reaching toward hind 
margin, across which runs a submarginal row of fulyous spots; mar- 
ginal line black-brown with fulvous spots at the vein ends; fringe 
brown. 

Hindwing.—Dark purplish, sprinkled with blue scales, with a curved 
submarginal dark band; a small white cell spot. 

Under side with a broad yellow-ochreous streak along costa to one- 
half and along inner margin nearly to anal angle; a white blotch 
beyond cell, followed by a blackish space, which toward costa becomes 
brown and fulyous; patches of blue scales in places, continuous along 
hind margin; hindwing purplish, with two dark curved bands and 
bluish gray scales along hind margin. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish black. 

Kxpanse of wings.—16 1m. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; July, 1904, 1 
male. 

The species may be left for the present in //ypometalla, with which 
it agrees in the main, having veins 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 all stalked together 
and the hindwing deeply excavated beyond cell; it differs in that veins 
3, 4are stalked in both wings and that the antenne of the male are 
beset with pedicellate fascicles of cilia, appearing to be pectinated. 
The inner margin of forewing and costa of hindwing are sinuate; the 
anal angle of forewing being produced as a lobe and the hindwing 
shouldered at base and more broadly before apex. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9384, U.S.N.M. 


Genus LEPIDOSPORA, new genus. 
horewing.—Broad; costa convex at base and before apex; hind mar- 
gin as long as inner margin, which is convex. 
Hindwing.—Small, rounded, the whole surface except extreme base 
and inner margin coyered with a thick bed of mealy scales. 


“ 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 923 


Antenne of male subserrate ciliated; palpi quite short; tongue and 
frenulum present; abdomen with long fluffy anal segment. 

Neuration.—¥orewing, cell hardly half as long as wing, broad; dis- 
cocellular oblique, the cell rounded at lower end; first median nervule at 
four-fifths; second and third from the rounded end; lower radial from 
above middle of discocellular, upper from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 
10, 11 coincident, anastomosing with 12; hindwing, cell very short, 
discocellular strongly concave, the lower half oblique; costal and sub- 
costal closely approximated for nearly the whole length of cell; 6, 7 
short stalked; medians as in forewing; no radial. 

Type.—Lepidospora lanuginosa, new species. 


LEPIDOSPORA LANUGINOSA, new species. 


Forewing.—Yellow-ochreous; the markings brown; costa dotted 
with brown, and with brown spots at one-fourth, one-half, and three- 
fourths, indicating origin of lines, which are all interrupted subcos- 
tally and appear as three oblique very sinuous brown streaks, the first 
close to base, the second just beyond and partly double, the third at 
two-thirds, all developed into brown patches on the margin; submar- 
ginal lines broken up into three gray-brown patches, one from costa, 
a longer one in middle, and a third on inner margin; marginal area 
filled with brown striz; patches of dark brown scales along hind mar- 
gin; fringe brown with pale yellow base; sprinkled over the whole 
surface and in the fringe are pale slightly shining scales. 

ITindwing.—Inner margin spotted with brown, indicating the lines; 
basal area ochreous edged with brown; the fluffy scales deeper yellow; 
fringe glossy. 

Under side ochreous; forewing brown in cell and with some mealy 
olive scales below the lower end; a broad brown marginal fascia and 
the fringe brown; costa spotted with brown; hindwing with brown 
central line and broad submarginal fascia; fringe pale; face in mid- 
dle, fillet, antennee, base of shoulders, thorax and dorsum black-brown; 
basal segment and anal tufts of abdomen, and the other parts pale 
ochreous. 

Lixpanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—Tijuca, Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9385, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MIMOPHYLE Warren. 
MIMOPHYLE PARALLELA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull cinereous; the lines purplish, all more or less par- 
allel to each other and hind margin; first at one-fourth; median thick, 
especially below middle, its other edge dentate; outer line at two- 
thirds, fine, crenulate, with paler edge externally; marginal area 


524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


darker, traversed by a pale waved submarginal line; an interrupted 
dark marginal line; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—W ithout basal line. 

Under side paler, with marginal area darker; the lines dark, cell 
spots in both wings large and black. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; face dark brown. 

Expanse of wings.—15 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, April, 
1904. | 

This female shows a distinct fovea in forewing like male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9386, U.S.N.M. : 


Genus NARRAGODES Warren. 
NARRAGODES LA®£VIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Purplish fuscous; the costal edge ochreous dotted with 
blackish: lines darker, thickened at costa; first curved near base; 
median diffuse from below middle of costa, strongly outcurved round — 
cell spot, to middle of inner margin; outer line from two-thirds of | 
costa, obliquely curved outward, angled on vein 6, incurved below 3; 
a fine dark marginal line; fringe fuscous. 

Hindwing.—W ith costal area whitish; two dark curved somewhat 
waved lines, postmedian and submarginal; fringe of hindwing obsolete. 

Under side much paler; the lines olive-brown, dark on costa of fore- 
wing which is broadly yellow. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen all purplish fuscous. 

Kixpanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Lecality.—Peru; 1 male. 

Distinguished from .V. fuscata Warren from Brazil, with which it 
agrees in size and shape, by the smooth scaling and distinct lines. 

Type.—-Cat. No. 9387, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ,.PORONA Schaus. 
PORONA? BALTEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale yeliow, with a broad fuscous band before middle 
and a broader fuscous marginal border; fringe fuscous; costa at base 
dotted with fuscous and with a spot beyond middle. 

Hindiwing.—The same, the costa unspotted. 

Under side like upper. 

Thorax and abdomen yellowish, the latter with three fuscous belts; 
head and collar fuscous; forelegs fuscous in front. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; March, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9388, U.S.N.M. 


~ 


di 


No, 1496, NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. Sys) 


Subfamily SHMIOTHISIN 4%. 


Genus NEAZATA, new genus. 


Forewing.—Costa well curved throughout; apex produced; hind 
margin excised from apex to vein 4, thence sinuous to anal angle. 

Hindwing.—With hind margin rounded, crenulate, deeply sinuate 
beyond cell. Antenne of female filiform; palpi damaged; tongue and 
frenulum present. 

Neuration.—Forewing, cell half as long as wing; discocellular ver- 
tical; first median nervule a little beyond one-half; second close before 
third; radials normal; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 11 free; hindwing, costal, 
and subcostal shortly approximated near base; 7 before angle; medians 
as in forewing; no radial. 

Type.— Neazata multistrigaria, new species. 


NEAZATA MULTISTRIGARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Cream-color, traversed by numerous long and slender 
browa strizv and tinged in places with yellow-ochreous; the lines are 
present, but more or less obscured; first from one-third of costa to 
one-third of inner margin, angled outward in cell, and there marked 
by a brown spot; outer line at two-thirds, outcurved in middle and 
dentate outward on the veins, thick and brown; closely preceded by « 
thick brown shade, which is obscurely forked above middle; an irreg- 
ularly dentate dark brown submarginal shade, the margin beyond it 
slaty gray; marginal line dark brown; fringe ochreous, mottled with 
brown at the ends of the veins; all the lines seem to be accompanied 
by yellow-ochreous shading. 

Hindwing.—W ith two thick dark brown lines close together just 
beyond middle, followed by a pale band and a diffuse brown submar- 
ginal shade. 

Under side pale ochreous, thickly speckled with brown and gray; 
forewing with outer line brown on the veins, an interrupted brown 
submarginal shade, and the apical area gray; hindwing with a broad 
brown shade before outer line. 

’ Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, with brown speckling; abdo- 
men with a dark ring. 

Expanse of wings. —27 mm. 

Locality.—Petropolis, Brazil; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9389, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCIAGRAPHIA Hulst. 
SCIAGRAPHIA STABILATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull whitish, dusted with gray atoms, especially along 
inner margin; in the marginal area on each side of the paler submar- 
ginal line these atoms are tinged with gray and form two bands, the 


526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


inner with still darker blotches on costa, inner margin, and between 
veins 3 and 4; the three lines start from three black costal triangular 
marks and are all angled below subcostal vein; the first line curved 
inwardly on inner margin, the other two outwardly; the outer line 
darkest and marked with blackish on the veins; dark gray marginal 
spots; fringe gray, double, the base and middle line both showing 
paler, and mottled with deeper gray beyond veins. 

Hindwing.—Similar, without first line: cell spot in both wings dark, 
partially obscured. ~ 

Under side like upper, but decidedly yellow tinged along costa and 
in marginal areas of both wings; the veins yellowish; the lines less 
marked; but the cell spots distinct. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, gray speckled. 

Expanse of wings.— 30 mm. 

Locality. —Oaxaca, Mexico; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9890, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SEMIOTHISA Hubner. 
SEMIOTHISA ABRUPTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Hyaline yellowish white, suffused with rufous, the 
eround-color showing only in the foveal space, in patches along cell 
and before the outer line from costa to vein 2; the whole surface 
speckled with dark; along costa beyond outer line there is a tint of 
violet-gray; lines very indistinct, but starting from conspicuous costal 
dark brown streaks; first streak outwardly oblique to middle of cell, 
second broad before middle, third at two-thirds, oblique inward, con- 
tinued as a line to three-fourths of inner margin and marked by broad 
black teeth on veins, connected by rufous lunules; a dentate-edged 
black-brown submarginal shade from vein 4 to anal angle; a white 
bent streak from costa into apex; thick black marginal dashes on a 
brown marginal line; the veins rufous at ends; fringe ochreous and 
rufous. 

Hindwing.—Wholly suffused with rufous; a thick antemedian den- 
tate-lunulate postmedian line, its teeth in middle black; a chestnut- 
brown shade along margin from apex to middle, below middle pale 
ochreous beyond a dark-edged rufous submarginal shade; fringe above 
middle black; below pale ochreous. 

Under side with thick waved median shade and broad outer fascia 
rich chestnut-brown; forewing with costa yellow, and apical area white, 
the inner margin and whole of hindwing suffused with rufous; hyaline 
patches of forewing as above; a blackish band from apex of hindwing 
to tooth at middle. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen chestnut-brown and ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—28 mm, 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 527 


Locality. St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
1904. 

Forewing with bluntly falcate apex; hind margin inflected below 
apex, but not excised; anal angle square; hindwing with costa and hind 
margin from apex to tooth perfectly straight, meeting at an obtuse 
angle; hind margin below tooth crenulate; forewing with large con- 
torted fovea; antenne of male pubescent. 

: Type.—Cat. No. 9391, U.S.N.M. 


SEMIOTHISA ATOMARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull pale ochreous, densely powdered with olive-gray 
specks and striz; costa yellowish with dark brown dots, lines very pale 
brown, all marked by a few blackish scales on the veins; first at one- 
fourth, bent in cell; second oblique just before middle, outer angled 
on vein 6, then oblique parallel to median; a gray submarginal shade 
marked only on costa and atanal angle; dark marginal dashes between 
veins; fringe pale gray with ochreous base; cell spot linear gray. 

THTindwing.—Paler and less thickly speckled; without first line. 

Under side the same, but paler and yellower. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous. 

Expanse of wings.—28 mm. 

Locality.—Peru; 1 male. 

Antenne with tuberculate fascicles of cilia; forewing not excised, 
hindwing bluntly angled at middle; no fovea in forewing. 

Very close to S. subvalida Warren from Paraguay. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9392, U.S.N.M. 
SEMIOTHISA DECORATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Brownish ochreous, thickly speckled with fuscous, costal 
edge yellowish with black dots and streaks; first and second lines ill- 
defined, formed by black and yellow scales; first close to base starting 
as a black costal streak and angled in cell; second, median, at two-fifths, 
vertical and waved, outer line velvety brown-black, strongly toothed 
outward on veins, vertical at two-thirds, followed closely by a leaden- 
‘gray band; submarginal line pale ochreous, somewhat lustrous, pre- 
ceded by distinct brown shading forming a partial band; a black cres- 
cent before excision and black lunules below middle; fringe black 
beyond excision, black mottled with yellow-ochreous and witha yellow 
basai line below middle. 

Hindwing.—With antemedian and dentate postmedian line of black 
and fulvous scales, with a large black cell spot between them; the sub- 
Marginal pale line and brown band preceding it more complete than in 
forewing; fringe wholly yellow-ochreous, darker beyond veins, and at 
vein 4 marked with fuscous. 


528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Under side yellow straw-color, black speckled; median line blackish; 
a black and chestnut-brown postmedian fascia; the inner half black, 
not reaching costa, the outer half brown, not reaching inner margin; 
thorax, abdomen, and legs ochreous, mottled with brown and fuscous; 
face, palpi, and vertex brown, becoming paler below. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female; April, 
1904. 

Probably near riyngiata Guenée. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9393, U.S.N.M. 


SEMIOTHISA FERVENS, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale ochreous, almost entirely covered with violet-gray 
strive and suffusion; costal edge yellow, with dark dots; lines deep fer- 
ruginous, mixed with yellow scales; first at one-fourth, oblique out- 
ward, bent in cell and curved below median; the areas inclosed within 
it on each side of the median vein whitish, the fovea preceding large, 
triangular, its edges marked by dark scales; median line from middle 
of costa to two-fifths of inner margin, almost straight, touching cell 
spot; outer line thick and sinuous at two-thirds, edged with paler; 
forming a larger sinus beyond cell and on submedian fold; submarginal 
line pale, preceded by a ferruginous waved shade; marginal area with 
black-gray strive; marginal lunules black; fringe gray. 

Hindwing.—Without fovea or basal line. 

Under side pale straw-color with ferruginous striations; middle line 
and cell spot marked with ferruginous; outer line slightly marked, fol- 
lowed by a narrow bright furruginous shade, diffuse externally and 
edged by dark lunules with pale spots before the violet-gray marginal 
area. Head and antenne dark brown; thorax andabdomen like wings. 

Expanse of wings. —25 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, Sep- 
tember, L904. 

Hind margin of forewing sinuous, not excised; of hindwing hardly 
toothed at middle; straight below middle, crenulate above; antenne of 
male thickened, with tuberculate fascicles of cilia. 

Very much like S. Aeterogenata Guenée, but the course of the outer 
line is altogether different. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9394, U.S.N.M. 


SEMIOTHISA LAPIDATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale stone-color, covered with faint gray striez, those 
along the marginal area darker; costa with short dark marks; oblique 
dark streaks from costa at one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths, from 
which the usual three lines run to inner margin, the first and second 
curved and simple, third marked by black dots on veins, followed by — 


ai 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 529 


a curved gray band to anal angle; apical area rather paler; a gray mar- 
ginal line and gray fringe. 

HMindwing.—Similar, without first line; submarginal band and fringe 
paler. 

Under side pale ochreous with sparse olive dusting; middle line faint; 
the cell spots linear, gray; a dark fuscous band Peron outer line, ie 
marginal area beyond fuscous-speckled; the veins fuscous. 

Face and palpi dull brown; vertex, thorax, and abdomen like wings. 

Exxpanse of wings.—2+ mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female. 

Hind margin of forewing faintly excised below apex, then rounded; 
hindwing with blunt angle at middle. The whole insect has a faint 
greenish tinge. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9395, U.S.N.M. 


SEMIOTHISA LIQUATA, new species. 


Forewing.—W ood-brown; costal edge ochreous, striped with blackish, 
oblique dark brown streaks from costa at one-fifth, two-fifths, and two- 
thirds, the lines from them obscure, but marked with black on subme- 
dian vein, the outer line on all the veins; beyond outer line a dark 
brown band, intensified into a blotch at costa and bounded by a very 
indistinct submarginal line running to anal angle; marginal area brown 
except for a lilac-gray apical patch containing two black costal spots, 
a black marginal line; fringe brown witha pale ochreous dash at apex. 

Hindwing.—W ith the lines plainer; the antemedian line preceded 
by black scaling beyond a pale base; the interval between postmedian 
and submarginal lines darker and the submarginal line paler. 

Under side fulvous-yellow, densely striated with dark brown; median 
shades and cell spots dark brown; outer half of forewing dark brown 
with some white spots before apex; in hindwing the marginal area 
below middle fulvous-yellow. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen wood-brown; abdomen below, yellowish. 

Expanse of wings. —22 mm. 

Locality.—Peru; 1 male. 

Forewing not excised; hindwing crenulate, elbowed only at middle. 
No fovea in forewing. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9396, U.S.N.M. 


SEMIOTHISA MULTISTRIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Whitish, thickly covered with ashy gray strie; the 


. lines and shadings all of the same color; these are placed almost 
| exactly as in S. carpo Druce, the outer line being marked by two 


black conspicuous spots on veins 3 and 4; marginal area darker, being 


| suffused with gray, forming a broad band near the outer line; be ond 
| the very obscure submarginal line, the margin is flecked with whitish, 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——34 


530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. XXX, 


and at the apex is white with a few gray speckles; fringe gray, beyond 
a fine dark marginal line. 

Hindwing.—W ithout first line; the hind margin moderately toothed 
at middle. 

Under side whiter, the lines and speckling brown; fascia beyond 
outer line brown, broader at costa than inner margin, extending to 
margin between veins 4 and 6; the veins brown; costa of forewing 
yellowish with dark striations; in the hindwing the band is narrower 
and not extended to margin. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen ashy gray. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male. 

Hind margin of forewing sinuous, without excisions; fovea of fore- 
wing slight. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9397, U.S.N.M 


SEMIOTHISA PLURIMACULATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale ochreous, finely speckled with olive and black; the 
costa marked with black spots at one-fifth, two-fifths, and three-fifths; 
the three lines pale olive, the first and second bent below subcostal, 
then oblique, slightly waved inward; the outer bent outward between 
veins 6 and 2, slightly black marked on the veins, with two large con- 
fluent black spots on veins 3 and 4, and followed throughout by a pale 
space beyond which the marginal area is lilac-gray tinged with rufous, 
toward the hind margin beyond an indistinct submarginal line; on the 
inner edge of this space on costa isa large quadrate brown blotch 
reaching vein 6, beyond which the apex is white, and a small black 
blotch between veins 3 and 4; marginal line brown, thicker and darker 
before the excision; fringe pale gray; cell spot olive. 

IHindwing.—W ithout basal line and dark blotches; the submarginal 
line denoted by a dark line elbowed in middle, the marginal area ochre- 
ous with brown striations. 

Under side washed with yellow, the lines brown; the outer line fol- 
lowed in forewing by a black shade broadening to anal angle, in hind- 
wing narrowing to the angle and broad above; apex of forewing white, 
with brown speckling. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous speckled with brown. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, April, 
1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9898, U.S.N.M. 


SEMIOTHISA PUNCTISTRIATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale grayish olive, with a few black atoms; the lines | 
very fine and marked by distinct black dots on veins; first curved close — 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 5381 


Bio base; median just before middle, passing over the olive cell spot 
and marked by a black aoe omy on submedian vein; outer line angled 
: at vein 6, the dots on vein 3, + larger, followed by a dark shade, form- 
inga Beud at costa and Snasea veins 3 and 4; fringe like wings. 

Hindwing.—W ithout inner line. 

Under side yellowish ochreous, dusted with fuscous; median lines 
é and outer bands marked, the latter more us lines than bands; cell spots 
_ distinct, linear. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. 

Expanse of wings.—24 mm. 

Locality.—Orizaba, Mexico; 1 female. 

Distinguished by the uniform tint and dotted lines. 

Hind margin of forewing slightly excised; hindwing bluntly angled. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9399, U.S 5.N.M. 


: 
& 


tec 


SS 


SEMIOTHISA SUBFULVA, new species. 


Forewing.—Brownish fawn-color, with a yellowish tinge as far as 
‘outer line, beyond it slightly grayer, speckled throughout with brown; 
‘costa with short dark brown striz, and three triangular dark brown 
spots at one-fifth, two-fifths, and two-thirds; first line outcurved, bent 
in cell; middle line, slightly bent in cell, then parallel to inner line, 
marked bya distinct dark brown spot on vein 1; outer line rust-color, 
| straight to below vein 2, then slightly curved outward, followed by a 
| thick gray-brown shade which runs to anal angle and is there thickened, 
| the line itself curving inward away from it and marked by a brown 
spot on vein 1; marginal line rust-color, thickened before the excision; 
| fringe pale rust-color with the tips darker; cell spot linear, dark brown. 

Hindwing.—W ith nearly straight gray-brown antemedian line and 
rust-colored outer line; this is twice curved, forming a tooth baseward 
on the fold and incurved from vein 2, the gray shade following incon- 
| spicuous except from vein 3 to anal angle; cell spot round. 

Under side bright fulvous, the lines, cell spots, and speckling rich 
~ brown. 

| Thorax and abdomen like wings; head deep brown. 

| Expanse of wings.—35 mm. ; 

Locality.—Chiriqui, Panama; 1 male. This is the species identified 
| in the Biologia as seperataria Moeschler. The fovea is large, hyaline, 
| with a raised pustule hindward, which is marked beneath by black 
' seales. : 

Type.—Cat. No. 9400, U.S.N.M. 


SEMIOTHISA SARDA, new species. 


Forewing.—Smooth, olive-drab, with a slight rufous tinge toward 
hind margin, much speckled ath fuscous; he lines themselves are 
‘distinct except at costa, where they rise from brown costal streaks; 


5382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


inner line olive and curved above and below median vein; median a 
little before middle, touching the dark linear cell spot; outer line at 
two-thirds is distinctly dentate-lunulate, and is followed by a darker 
band, which forms two dark blotches below costa and another between 
veins 3 and 4, and a third on inner margin; a dark costal spot before 
apex; a dark olive-fuscous marginal line in upper half of wing, and 
the fringe fuscous. 

Hindwing.—W ith thick antemedian line before the round dark cell 
spot; denticulate postmedian line, followed by a brown band with 
dark outside edge; fringe pale olive. 

Under side pale dull olive-ochreous, with dark speckling; the lines 
all fuscous, the submarginal shade linear on forewing, broad on hind 
wing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. 

Expanse of wings. —37 mm. 

Locality.—Rio Dagua, Colombia; 1 male. 

Hind margin of forewing oblique and straight; of hindwing bluntly 
elbowed, not toothed, at middle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9401, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TEPHRINA” Gigencée: 
TEPHRINA ALBISECTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Cream-white, covered* with a thick dusting of gray 
scales, the inner edge of first line and outer edge of outer alone 
remaining pale; first line dark, curved at one-fourth; median shade 
blackish, waved, curved round the dark cell spot, but only plain 
toward inner margin; outer line lunulate-dentate from five-sixths of 
costa to two-thirds of inner margin, angled on vein 7; a pale submar- 
ginal line, the dark shading preceding it, ending in a point at vein 7; 
dark marginal markings; fringe (worn) gray. 

Hind wing.—The same, without first line; the dark median shade 
and pale submarginal line both plainer. 

Under side dusted with yellow scales, the markings the same. 

Head and antenne dark brown; thorax and abdomen like wings. 

we panse of wings.—382 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; t female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9402, U.S.N.M. 


TEPHRINA? CONFERTISTRIGA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale sulphur-colored, with scattered gray striations, 
dark gray and denser in marginal area; first line curved at one-fourth, 
and outer straight from four-fifths of costa to three-fourths of inner — 
margin, both very indistinct and only marked by darker yellow, but 
the first preceded and the other followed by a pale line of unspeckled 


No. 1456, NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 533 


ground-color; on equally indistinct median shade, dark, touching the 
black cell spot; lines of black scales along margin between veins; fringe 
pale. 

Hindwiny.—The same, without first line. 

Under side the same, but yellower; the veins yellowish. 

Head and shoulders ferruginous; thorax and abdomen like wings; 
antenne pale; black spotted on each segment. 

Expanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality. —Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 female. 

Of doubtful position in the absence of the male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9403, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TEPHRINOPSIS Warren. 
TEPHRINOPSIS INDETERMINATA, new species. 


Forewing.—W hitish, covered with gray and fuscous striew, confluent 
in places and giving a blotchy appearance to the wing; a distinct black 
cell spot; no lines are visible across the wings, but blackish spots on 
costa at one-fourth, one-half, and two-thirds denote their origin; some 
dark scales along hind margin; fringe gray. 

findwing.—Paler, with a small cell spot. 

Under side paler, sandy-ochreous, without markings except the cell 
spots. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. 

Lixpanse of wings.—22 mm. 

Locality. —Oaxaca, Mexico; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9404, U.S.N.M. 


Genus XHENOECISTA Warren. 
XENOECISTA TRIMACULATA, new species. 


Differs from A. pallidata Warren in the possession of three black 
spots forming a blotch, two in the course of the outer line on veins 3 
and4, contiguous and one beyond in the space between these veins; the 
outer line, on the contrary, is marked by black vein spots in neither 
wing. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male, February, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9405, U.S.N.M. 


Subfamily HINNOMIN <%. 
Genus ACROTOMODES Warren. 


ACROTOMODES UNICOLOR, new species. 


Forewing.—Uniform reddish brown with two darker lines; the first 
at fully one-third, bluntly angled in cell; the second from costa at two- 
thirds, right-angled on veins 7 and oblique inwards to two-thirds of 


A ; 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


inner margin, followed by a slightly darker shade from a dark costal 
blotch before apex; some scattered gray scales in the marginal area, 
especially toward apex. 

Hindwing.—W ith the lines parallel at one-third and two-thirds; the 
outer followed by a pale line and much darker marginal areas. 

Under side black speckled; the forewing reddish brown, with costal 
and apical areas grayish; hindwing with inner margin pale, and outer 
margin gray; both wings with dark brown outer lines and fringes. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen gray; face somewhat browner. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 

Locality. —Saio Paulo, southeastern Brazil; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9406, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ASESTRA Warren. 
ASESTRA LINEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Orange, overlaid with confluent fuscous strie, which 
almost obliterate the ground-color; costal edge white, dotted with fus- 
cous; lines black, continuous, not punctulate, as is usual in this genus; 
first from one-third of costa to near middle of inner margin, slightly 
bent on median vein; outer line from four-fifths of costa, where it is 
outwardly edged with white; to three-fourths of inner margin, bluntly 
bent at vein 6and again below vein 4, vertical from vein 2; before it 
between veins 3 and 4 a small blotch of the orange ground-color, cell 
spot linear black; a submarginal dark cloud most distinct on inner 
margin, but marked also beyond cell and on costa; fringe fuscous with 
whitish tips; veins all finely dark. 

Hindwing.—Dull whitish, freckled with gray, dark gray along hind 
margin and especially at anal angle; a waved dark outer line and linear 
cell spot; fringe dark gray; a fine dark marginal line accompanied by 
whitish scales. 

Under side pale dull ochreous overspread with olive-gray; all the 
markings dark; fringe olive-gray in basal half, whitish in outer half 
and checkered with dark beyond veins. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-fuscous; vertex, shoulders, and 
patagia fulvous. 

Under side of abdomen and legs mottled ochreous and fuscous. 

Expanse of wings. —5 nm. 

Locality.—Carabaya, southeastern Peru; | male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9407, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ATOPODES, new genus. 


Forewing.—Costa sinuous, slightly indented beyond middle; apex 
produced, acute; hind margin well curved; anal angle rounded. 
[Tindwing.—W ith strongly rounded hind margin. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 535 


Antenne in female bipectinate; forehead with cone of scales; palpi 
large, porrect, roughly and loosely haired, the third segment decum- 
bent; tongue and frenulum present. 

Neuration.—F¥orewing, cell more than half the length of the wing; 
discocellular oblique below; first median nervule at three-fourths; sec- 
ond close to third; radials normal; 7, 8, 9 stalked from shortly before 

- end of cell; 10, 11 stalked, anastomosing strongly with 12, 10 anasto- 
mosing again strongly with 8, 9; hindwing, costal anastomosing with 
subcostal for more than half of cell; 7 from upper end of cell with 6; 
3 from well before lower end; no radial. 

Type.— Atopodes singularis, new species. 

In appearance resembling the African genus Vopia, butin structure 
of head and palpi allied to RAténodia Guenée from Australia. The 
abnormal anastomosis of the costal and subcostal of hindwings sepa- 
rates it. 

ATOPODES SINGULARIS, new species. 

Forewing.—Pale fawn-color, with slightly darker transverse strie 
and a few black atoms; costa yellowish ochreous, spotted with brown; 
lines brown; first curved from beyond one-third of costa to one-third 
of inner margin; outer from shortly before apex, oblique to vein 7, 
there sharply angled and oblique inward to two-thirds of inner mar- 
gin, slightly waved from vein to vein; from the angle a black streak to 
apex; cell spot dark; fringe brown with pale tips. 

Hindwing.—W ith base paler and hind margin darker; a dark cell 
spot, and brown outer line, obsolete above cell. 

Under side paler, with thick olive-brown striations; inner margin 
whitish, veins brown; outer lines brown; cell spots black. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish ochreous; shoulders yellow; 
palpi thickly speckled with fuscous; legs and under side of abdomen 
ochreous speckled with brown. 

Expanse of wings.—30 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9408, U.S.N.M. 


Genus AVENTIOPSIS, new genus. 


Forewing.—Costa convex, strongly depressed at apex; hind margin 
shortly but angularly excised below apex; strongly in middle, straight 
and oblique below. 

Hindwing.—Hind margin evenly curved, both angles distinct. 

Antenne of male quite simple, lamellate; palpi short, porrect; 
tongue and frenulum present. 

Neuration.—¥orewing, cell not half as long as wing; discocellular 
vertical; first median nervule at one-half, second well before third; 
radials normal; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 anastomosing with 12; hindwing, 


‘ | : 


Doo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


costal shortly approximating to subcostal; 7 considerably before end 
of cell. 

Type.—Aventiopsis ochrea, new species. 

In markings and shape of forewing the genus recalls Aventia. 


AVENTIOPSIS OCHREA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale ochreous, washed with rufous toward hind margin 
and with afew coarse black scales; lines slightly brownish, double; 
first from one-third of inner margin oblique to end of cell, there 
recurved to costa, but this upper portion is hardly visible; outer line 
from two-thirds of inner margin straight toward apex, before which 
it is angled bluntly on vein 7 and retracted to costa; fringe concolor- 
ous; a small black cell spot. 

Hindwing.—W ith both lines produced across it and traces of a sub- 
marginal; cell spot black. 

Under side more rufous; inner margin of forewing whitish; the 
lines faint. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen all pale ochreous; patagia whitish; 
shoulders and head slightly grayer. 

EHixpanse of wings.—20 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9409, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BASSANIA Walker. 
BASSANIA AMETHYSTATA variety EXTREMATA, new. 


Forewing.—Pale olive-rufous; with tine black speckling; costal 
edge dotted with pale; a minute black cell dot; the outer line runs 
exactly as in the type form, straight from two-thirds of inner margin 
to costa shortly before apex, but it is marked only by white dashes on 
the veins and by the contrast of color between the rufous before the 
line and a pale green shade beyond it, the outer edge of which is 
toothed on the veins and on inner margin reaches anal angle; this 
shade is followed above vein 7 by a blackish triangular blotch reach- 
ing apex; marginal area and fringe rufous; near the base there 
appears a pale green curved inner shade. 

Hindwing.—Pale olive-straw color, yellower toward inner margin, 
toward hind margin reddish tinged and dotted with black, the reddish 
tinge and speckling intensified at anal angle and forming a dark blotch 
beyond an undefined submarginal line; fringe dull lilac above middle, 
chestnut-brown below it. 

Under side as in type, with a short black zigzag line on costa before 
apex, instead of a blotch. 

Head and thorax colored like forewing, abdomen like hindwing. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 537 


Locality.—One male from Carabaya, southeast Peru. Of the same 
size as amethystata type. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9410, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CABERODES Guenée. 
CABERODES? ASPILATARIA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale straw-color; the lines pale brown; first at one- 
third, forming a strong angle outward on median vein; outer line 
from five-sixths of costa oblique outward to vein 7, very obscure, 
there angled and nearly straight to two-thirds of inner margin, fol- 
lowed on costa by a triangular brownish patch; fringe concolorous; 
cell spot obscure. 

Tindwing.—With a curved postmedian line. 

Under side more speckled and tinged with olive brownish, especially 
along hind margin and in cell of forewing; outer line gray-brown, 
curved, not angled, from four-fifths of costa; this line in hindwing is 
angled on the cell fold. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen bone-color; the segment of abdomen 
tinged with pale brown; legs brown externally. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality. —Oaxaca, Mexico; one female. 

Not a true Caberodes, as the female antenne are well pectinated. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9411, U.S.N.M. 


CABERODES NEXILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale ochreous, dusted with olive-gray, most thickly in 
the basal area; inner line very ill-defined; from one-half of costa to 
one-third of inner margin, bluntly angled in cell before the black cell 
spot, just before which on the costa a short brownish streak indicates 
a median shade; outer line pale brownish, oblique from apex to two- 
thirds of inner margin; from the costa before apex a gray line curves 
outward and crossing the oblique line runs close alongside it to inner 
margin, where they join; some patches of olive-gray scales indicate a 
submarginal line; fringe pale, gray from apex to middle. 

Hindwing.—With the brown oblique line continued straight from 
vein 6 to two-thirds of inner margin, beyond the black cell spot; a 
strongly curved gray submarginal line joining the outer line at costa 
and inner margin. 

Under side more thickly and darkly. speckled, the lines browner. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen straw-color. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality.—Castro, Parana, Brazil; 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9412, U.S.N.M. 


538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus CANNAGARA Walker. 
CANNAGARA HIMERODES, new species. 


Forewing.—Brown with a slight reddish tinge; inner line from 
quite one-third of costa to one-third cf inner margin; bent in cell, 
slightly darker marked on the three veins and followed by a darker 
brown shade; outer line fine, lunulate-dentate, more or less parallel to 
hind margin, from costa a little before apex to two-thirds of inner 
margin, projecting hindward from 6 to 7; a blackish cell spot, fol- 
lowed by a cloudy darker brown median shade; joining outer line at 
inner margin; on costa beyond outer line is a small patch of gray and 
black scales; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—Altogether paler, especially toward base, with slight 
black speckling, fringe and hind margin more rufous. 

Under side of both wings like upper side of hindwing; fringe darker; 
traces on forewing of outer line and pale blotch on costa. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like forewing. 

Ex panse of wings.—48 mm. 

Locality. —Tres Marias, Mexico, 9,000 feet. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9413, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CROCOPTERYX Guenée. 
CROCOPTERYX HILARIS, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale yellow, flushed with olive at base and along costa, 
with short sparse brown striz; costal edge striated with olive-brown; 
the lines represented by olive-brown blotches; first from two-fifth of 
costa to one-third of inner margin, consisting of a large costal blotch 
pointing outward and two inwardly oblique ones below, one in cell, 
the other on submedian interval, and a small spot on the margin; outer 
line formed of a large outwardly directed blotch at three-fourths and 
four irregular. spots in an inwardly oblique line below veins 4, 3, 2, 
and 1; the first row is preceded and the second followed by an inter- 
rupted line of pearly scales, best marked on costa; submarginal line 
represented by a blotch on costa and another on vein 3; fringe olive, 
tipped with brown, yellow below apex. 

Hindwing.—Yellow, with a few olive specks; a central shade ill- 
defined, containing a brown blotch on costa. 

Under side yellow, with the striz and all the markings which are 
large and confluent deep chestnut-brown; a broad irregular brown 
fascia on forewing from three-fourths of costa to anal angle; the fringe 
and margin brown below vein 5. 

Head and antenne brown; vertex, thorax, and abdomen yellow; a 
brown spot on preanal segment. 

Expanse of wings.—26 mm. 


_ 


/ 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 539 


Locality.—Chiriqui, Panama; 1 male. 
This species is allied to C. wuwrora Warren from southeast Peru. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9414, U.S.N.M. 


CROCOPTERYX? VENUSTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Cream-color flushed with olive, with a few purplish 
atoms; the costa with short purple strizw; inner line marked by a pur- 
plish costal streak at two-fifths, angled across cell, then oblique inward, 
the lower half all but obsolete; outer line purple, oblique outward, 
and narrow from three-fourths of costa, angied sharply on vein 7, then 
inwardly oblique to three-fifths of inner margin, more or less obsolete 
itself, but accompanied exteriorly by a thick olive-green band from 
apex; the first line is edged inwardly, the second outwardly, by lus- 
trous scales, which are only plain at costa; both start from purplish- 
black costal spots; a third spot before apex indicates the submarginal 
line, which is represented below middle by a shade of pink and black 
scales forming spots to anal angle; fringe olive-green, the tips purple. 

Hindwing.—W ith a double, purple central line filled in with lustrous 
scales and edged externally with greenish; marginal half suffused with 
rosy and olive, with a submarginal spot before apex on costa; fringe 
purplish. 

Under side bright yellow, with coarse, red-brown striz; the lines 
red-brown; marginal areas filled up with red-brown, in the forewing 
tinged with black. 

Head, palpi, and antenne purple; thorax and abdomen cream-color; 
four last segments of dorsum tinged with purple and olive. 

Eixpanse of wings.—24 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, Octo- 
ber, 1904. 

Almost certainly a Crocopterya. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9415, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CYCLOMIA Guenée. 
CYCLOMIA LILACINA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull lilac-gray, black speckled; the lines leaden-gray, 
disposed and shaped exactly as in ¢wimidilinea, except that in the pres- 
ent species the first and second lines are nearer together on inner mar- 
gin, whereas in C. tumidilinea the second and third approximate to 
each other there; on the outside of the middle line is an oval olive- 
yellow cell mark; and beyond outer line an olive brownish shade with 
dentate outer edge and widened at costa; a fine, black marginal line; 
fringe lilac-gray. 

Hindwing.—Paler, with two lines, the outer double, followed by a 
blackish marginal border. 


. . 


540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Under side olive-yellow, freckled with darker; the apex of forewing 
fulvous; the three costal blotches and the marginal area dull lilac. 

Thorax and abdomen lilac-gray; head and shoulders rather paler. 

Expanse of wings.—18 mm. 

Locality.—Santa Lucia, British West Indies; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9416, U.S.N.M. 


CYCLOMIA STRIGIFERA, new species. 


/ 


Forewing.—Pale brownish ochreous, covered with transverse olive 
striations; these are thickened and confluent at four-fifths of wing, 
forming a curved outer line, and there appear traces of an outcurved 
inner line at one-third; cell spot small, blackish; a row of marginal 
black dots; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—With cell spot black and large; the outer line nearer 
hind margin. . 

Under side olive-yellow, with fuscons striz; costa and inner margin 
of forewing paler, without striz; cell spot black; traces of a double 
outer line; hindwing with cell spot and an apical brown blotch. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. 

Expanse of wings.—21 mm. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9417, U.S.N.M. 


CYCLOMIA TUMIDILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Olive-ochreous, thickly speckled with dark; the lines 
leaden-gray; at one-fourth, one-half, and three-fourths, curved par- 
allel to one another, all swollen at costa and on inner margin and 
filled with gray; cell spot black in the middle line; slight black mar- 
ginal dots. 

HTindwing.—W ith only the two outer lines. 

Female tinged with red-brown, deeper along hind and inner margin, 
ochreous toward costa; hindwing yellower, with only the hind margin 
brownish. 

Under side yellow, with the lines, cell spot and striz purplish. 

Head and thorax concolorous with the wings; abdomen wanting. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 18 mm.; female, 22 mm. 

Locality. —Coatepec, Mexico; 1 male, 1 female. 

The female is nearest C. rubida Warren, from Rio Janeiro. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9418, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DECTOCHILUS Butler. 
DECTOCHILUS DECENS, new species, 


Forewing.—Grayish testaceous, speckled with dark atoms; lines 
brown; first curved from one-third of costa to one-third of inner mar- 
gin; outer from five-sixths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, 


ii 


No, 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 541 


almost straight; a dark cell spot, followed by a very faint median 
shade; fringe concolorous; darker beyond veins. 

Hindwing.—With costal area and basal half pale ochreous; only 
the postmedian line shown and not reaching costa; traces of a submar- 
ginal dark shade. 

In the female the coloration is browner, the lines paler, and the 
outer line edged with a pale line. 

Under side similar. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings; face and palpi 
a little darker. 

Expanse of wings.—Male, 40 mm.; female, 42 mm. 

Locality.—Las Vegas, Perote, Mexico; 1 male, 1 female. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9419, U.S.N.M. 


DECTOCHILUS TINCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale brick-red; darker before outer line and: hind mar- 
gin, speckled and striated with olive; the lines olive, thick, first evenly 
curved at one-third, outer quite straight from five-sixths of costa to 
two-thirds of inner margin; ceil spot brown, large, followed by a 
diffuse reddish median shade; traces of a dark submarginal shade at 
costa and inner margin only; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—W hitish ochreous, tinged with rufous only toward hind 
and inner margins and there speckled with olive; outer line fine, curved 
parallel to hind margin; cel! spot small. 

Under side of forewings pale ochreous with only the hind margin 
rufous, of hindwings rufous-ochreous throughout; outer line fuscous 
and strongly marked throughout on hindwings, only on costa of fore- 
wing; fringe darker. 

Head and thorax concolorous with forewing; abdomen with hind- 
wing. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality.—Las Vegas, Perote, Mexico; 1 male. 

This species has the hind margin of both wings more deeply crenu- 
late than the preceding. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9420, U.S.N.M. 


Genus EUSENEA Walker. 
EUSENEA SEMIBRUNNEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male, reddish brown from base to outer line, which is 
lilac-eray and quite straight from beyond two-thirds of costa to two- 
thirds of inner margin; inner line obscurely marked, forming a slight 
rounded projection above median vein, then running vertical, hardly 

} waved, to inner margin at one-third, the basal area somewhat grayer 
| than the central, both with deep brown striations; costal area above 


542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


subcostal vein less brown but with plainer striations; marginal third 
gray-brown, thickly black speckled; a darker brown shade beyond 
outer line; the veins paler; fringe brown, with finely paler base and 
tips; submarginal spots dark, tipped with gray; cell spot dark, hardly 
marked; costal edge yellowish ochreous. 

Hindwing.—Dull fuscous, with a nearly straight pale gray line at 
three-fifths; marginal area below vein 4 brown speckled with fuscous, 
the brown running up narrowly along inner margin; fringe brown; 
submarginal spots black and large. 

Under side gray-brown, dappled with pale gray; outer line paler; 
marginal area chestnut-brown, in forewing only above middle, leaving 
apex pale gray; a pale gray marginal blotch from vein to anal angle of 
forewing; submarginal spots pale gray. 

Head and thorax dark brown; abdomen paler brown; antennz pale 
ochreous, subdentate, finely pubescent; abdomen beneath brown; the 
pectus gray. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mi. 

Locality. —Bolivia; 1 male. 

Female with all the tints paler and the striations fewer; the outer 
line slightly curved toward costa; cell spot of forewing small, formed 
of white scales; of hindwing dark, obscure; both cell spots showing 
dark and plain on under side which is without the pale gray dappling. 

Locality.—Geldersland, Surinam River, Dutch Guiana. 

Notwithstanding the differences here mentioned, I think these speci- 
mens belong to one and the same species. ‘The apex of forewing of 
female is as usual more produced. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9421, U.S.N.M. 


Genus. ENTOMOPEPLA Warren. 
ENTOMOPEPLA BIPARS, new species. 


Forewing.—Mouse-color, with a single pale faintly curved line 
from three-fifths of inner margin to three-fourths of costa, the area 
before it darker than the marginal; a small black cell spot; fringe 
dark above middle angle, rufous tipped with white in the curve below; 
costal edge yellowish dotted with blackish. 

Hindwing.—With the line straight from three-fifths of costal to 
three-fourths of inner margin; fringe with the tips white throughout. 

Under side pale grayish slate-color as far as on outer line, nearly 
straight on forewing and slightly curved on hindwing; the marginal 
border mouse-color, with apex of forewing pale gray and traces of a 
pale dentate submarginal line. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen mouse-color; shoulders white; abdomen 
below and pectus pale slate-color; legs mottled ochreous and black, 

Expanse of wings.—48 mm, : 


= No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 543 


Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, April, 1904. 

Resembles 7. a/bicollaris Warren in the white shoulders, but larger, 
and distinguished by the pale curved line; that species also occurs in 
French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9422, U.S.N.M. 


Genus GONORTHUS Butler. 
GONORTHUS BILINEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pure white, the fringe included; the only markings are 
the traces of a gray submarginal line; these only visible at costa and 

on inner margin. 

Hindwing.—With some submarginal strie which on inner margin 
resolve themselves into two double lines. 

Under side pure white. 

Thorax and abdomen white; face and palpi white below, red-brown 
above, vertex and base of antenne bronzy purple; pectinations ferru- 
ginous; collar narrowly orange; legs white; fore and middle femora 
and tibiz deep yellow; the knees black. 

Expanse of wings. —38 rm. 

: Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
| 1904. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9423, U.S.N.M. 


Genus IRA Walker. 
| 
IRA ALBIRENATA, new species. 


Like /ra decurtaria Herrich-Schaetter in size, shape, and markings, 
differing only in the following points: the costal blotch before apex, 
instead of being elongated and filled up with blackish, is short, rounded, 
somewhat kidney-shaped, filled with white, with its center on costa of 
the ground-color, the blotch is nearer the apex, and consequently the 
| outer lunulate-dentate line starting from below its outer edge is nearer 
| the hind margin, and the central area is therefore broader; and, sec- 
ondly, this central area is of the same tint as the rest of the wings, not 
filled up with darker as in decurtaria,; both wings have an olive-fuscous 
tinge, becoming dull lilac-gray toward the hind margin. 

Expanse of wings.—)4 mm. 

Locality.—Carabaya, southeastern Peru; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9424, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MICROGONIA Herrich-Schaeffer. 
MICROGONIA ALBICOMMA, new species. 


Forewing.—F lesh-eolored ochreous, minutely black speckled; first 
line hardly traceable, vertical, outcurved above and below median: 
| outer line broad, chestnut-brown, inwardly diffuse, outwardly well 


a 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXX, 


defined, marked by minute dark pale tipped dots on veins, and in its 
lower half followed by a pale ochreous line from just beyond middle 
of inner margin toward apex, angled below vein 7 and retracted to 
costa, the costal area curved, dark brown outwardly, followed by a white 
comma-shaped streak; forewing with the toothed dark brown com- 
mencement of the submarginal line a costal blotch with center of 
ground color; cell spot minute; fringe pale chestnut. 

Findwing.—With the line antemedian, followed by a distinct pale 
line; submarginal line marked toward anal angle by patches of dark 
scales on the veins. 

Under side paler, the outer line represented by a paler space. 

Thorax and abdomen pale ochreous; head dark gray. 

Expanse of wings.—36 mm. 

Locality.—Bolivia; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9425, U.S.N.M. 


MICROGONIA CUBANA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male dull reddish brown, rather grayer, and with a few 
strie along costa; a very obscure, diffuse dark line at one-third of 
costa, not reaching inner margin; a minute black cell dot; outer line 
slightly paler, marked on veins by dashes of dark and light scales, 
from two-thirds of inner margin, nearly straight toward apex, before 
which, on vein 7, it is acutely angulated and retracted to costa, black- 
ish, edged below by a whitish curved streak; at the angle on vein 7 
the line is met by a vertical dark streak from costa; area immediately 
beyond outer line with a faint lilac tinge, with an obscure dentate- 
lunulate edge indicating submarginal line; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—Colored like forewing; the line central and hardly trace- 
able; costal area paler, with some dark strive; and oblong diffusely 
edged black blotch on costa before apex, touching externally the black 
commencement of submarginal line; hind margin and fringe deeper 
brown. 

Under side dull brick-red, black speckled, with a red-brown mar- 
ginal border, inwardly edged with dull blackish; apex of forewing 
narrowly paler beyond submarginal line. 

Head and thorax red-brown; abdomen paler; vertex snow-white; 
forelegs fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—b0 mm. 

Locality. —Baracoa, Cuba; March, 1902. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9426, U.S.N.M. 

MICROGONIA FOEDARIA, new species. 

Forewing. —Dingy fawn-color tinged with olive, with scattered olive 

strie, first line diffuse, olive, at one-third, bent on subcostal, then 


vertical, slightly outeurved above and below median vein; a minute 
black cell spot followed by a very diffuse median shade; outer line 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. DAS 


olive, double, from three-fifths of inner margin toward apex, before 
which, on vein 7, it is angled and retracted to costa; the costal streak 
broadly olive; the line has a decided bend just above vein 2; on the 
costa it is followed by a brown edged spot externally bilobed; a deeper 
olive shade from vein 4 to anal angle, containing angulated marks on 
veins, the inner margin before it somewhat paler with more distinct 


striations; fringe olive. 


Hindwing.—With basal area paler, the line central, the marginal 
area olive-tinged, with distinct dark zigzag submarginal shade: mar- 
ginal edge pale before the fringe. 

Under side pale stone-color, with very slight gray freckling; line 
dark olive, paler edged; marginal area of forewin g with a diffuse olive 
cloud. 

Head dark gray; thorax and abdomen pale fawn-color; legs ochre- 
ous, banded with fuscous. 

Kixpanse of wings.-39 mm. 

Locality.—Peru. | 

Distinguished by its dingy appearance. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9497, U.S.N.M. 


MICROGONIA PUNCTILINEA, new species, 


Forewing.—Pale stone-gray, with a few minute black scales and 
some sparse olive strize; the two lines marked by dark olive points on 
the veins, the olive lunules between them being very obscure; the first 
line forms two indistinct outward curves on each side of the median 
vein; the costal streak of outer line is thick and brownish olive; the 
line is angled on vein 6, then oblique to vein Y, then vertical: it is pre- 
ceded between veins 3 and 4 by a slight gray cloud and followed on 
vein 3 by a dark wedge-shaped mark, with two fainter ones on veins 
2 and 1 toward anal angle; beyond outer line on costa a large ochreous 
and brown dark-edged costal bloteh; fringe olive, the margin before 
it linearly whitish: cell spot black. 

Hindwing.—W ith denser olive strix: the postmedian line denticu- 
late; a submarginal -olive zigzag line in lower half of wi ng, followed 
at anal angle by a dark olive shade, 

Under side duller, with obscure strix; cell spots black, distinct: 
outer line hardly marked: forewing darker along hind margin, but 
whitish at apex; fringe brown. 

Head, collar, and palpi blackish gray; abdomen like wings; shoul- 
ders and patagia almost white; legs ochreous, with black mottlings; 
antenne black, with pale cilia. 

Lixpanse of wings.—48 mm. 

Locality.—Rio Sogo, Bolivia (Garlepp). Much resembles cyclopeata 
Moeschler. 

Type.—Cat. No 9428, U.S.N.M. 

_ Proce. N. M. vol. Xxx—06 


or 
319) 


546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


MICROGONIA UNIFORMIS, new species. 


Forewing.--Uniform coftee-color; the lines hardly darker and very 
obscure; the first at one-third, nearly vertical; the outer from four- 
fifths of costa, where it is followed by a faint pale spot, oblique out- 
ward and angled on vein 7, then straight and oblique to three-fifths of 
inner margin, with faint pale dots on veins; fringe concolorous; cell 
spot dark, inconspicuous. 

Hindwing.—W ith the line just beyond middle and a dark cell spot. 

Under side paler, except the marginal borders and fringe; cell spots 
distinct. 

Thorax and abdomen like wings; head gray-brown. 

Expanse of wings.—48 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, 
September, 1904. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9429, U.S.N.M. 


MICROGONIA VESPERTILIO, new specics. 


Forewing.—Olive, with a diffuse deep olive median shade beyond 
the black cell spot; a darker olive vertical line at one-third, faintly 
outcurved above and below the median vein; outer line olive-brown 
internally, pinkish gray externally, faintly paler marked on veins, 
from apex to just beyond middle of inner margin; the line appears to 
be really angled on vein 7 and retracted to costa, but this part is 
obscured by the deep olive apical tint; marginal area somewhat paler, 
with a slight gloss; submarginal line indicated by dark white-tipped | 
points on veins; fringe concolorous; costal edge not colored. 

ITindwing.—W ith the line continued slightly before middle, bent 
on vein 6. 

Under side paler, shot with lilac-gray, becoming olive in the mar- 
ginal areas; both wings with dark crenulate postmedian line and 
black cell spots; apex of forewing and the costa broadly pale brown. 

Head>thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings; fillet narrowly — 
whitish; antenne ferruginous; legs dull olive yellowish, finely black 
speckled. . 

Expanse of wings.—78 mam. 

Locality.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male. 

Costa of forewing convex; apex shortly and bluntly protruding. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9480, U.S.N.M. 


MICROGONIA XANTHOPEPLA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull deep yellow, with transverse olive-fuscous strix, 
thickest toward hind margin; costal edge near base fuscous; lines olive | 
fuscous; first considerably interrupted, from one-third of costa to two- 
fifths of inner margin, outcurved above and below,median; outer line 


’ 


ai 


. 


No. 1456, NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS— WARREN. 547 


from five-sixths of costa, where it is followed by a white spot, shortly 
oblique to vein 7, where it is angled and runs obliquely curved to 
three-fifths of inner margin; followed by white dashes on veins; the 
narrow central area paler yellow and less striated; cell spot black; 
fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—W ith the line faint and antemedian, all but touching 
the small cell spot; basal area paler. 

Under side uniform dull yellow, paler than upper side and without 
striations except along a slightly darker marginal space; cell spots 
small and dark. 

Head brown; thorax and abdomen deep yellow like forewings; 
under side and legs pale yellow, without dusting, like wings beneath. 

Expanse of wings.—44 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Belongs to the group containing trychiata and trapezata Guenée. 
The antenne are armed with sessile fascicles of cilia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9481, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MIMOGONODES Warren. 
MIMOGONODES? SUBSIGNATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Yellowish testaceous, thickly speckled with fuscous; 
the costa deeper scaled; first line marked only by three black dots on 
the veins; median shade rust-color, inconspicuous, from two-thirds of 
costa beyond middle of inner margin, lunulate-dentate, the lunule 
between veins 2 and 3 fuscous and followed by a blotch of fuscous 
scales; outer line from five-sixths of costa to three-fourths of inner 
margin, marked by black vein dots; the dot on vein 5 displaced base- 
ward, that on vein 2 lost in the blotch of median line; a dot also on 
inner margin; cell mark pale rust-color, extending along the discocel- 
lular, minute black dots at the vein ends; fringe concolorous. 

Hindwing.—W ithout first line; the median shade passing over cell 
spot. ; 

Under side yellowish straw-color, speckled with fuscous; a broad 
dark fuscous fascia from three-fourths of costa to anal angle, project- 
_ing a spur to margin above vein 4; the outer line marked on its outer 
edge at costa and curving inward from its inner edge at vein 3; a broad 
dark line from cell mark to inner margin; these markings less exten- 
sive in hindwing. 

Face and terminal segment of palpi dark brown; vertex, thorax, 
/and abdomen concolorous with wings; legs, palpi, and antennz all 
straw-color. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Locality.—Aroa, Venezuela; 1 female. 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Closely allied to JL fuliginosa Warren from Peru, but with an 
indistinct brown median line replacing the straight distinct bar in that 
species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9432, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MIMOSEMA Warren. 
MIMOSEMA DORSILINEA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark fawn-color with a reddish tinge and dense fuscous 
speckling; costal edge rufous, without striz, lines reddish; first from 
one-fourth of costa to near middle of inner margin, slightly concave 
outward, inwardly edged with a flesh-colored line; outer line from 
three-fourths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, also slightly con- 
cave outward and outwardly edged with a flesh-colored line; submar- 
ginal line obscurely indicated by dark marks between the veins; cell 
spot dark; fringe red at base edged with flesh-color, the tips again 
becoming gray. 

Hindwing.—W ith only the outer line. 

Under side pale ochreous, with blackish speckling except along inner 
margin; cell spots distinct; outer line indicated; forewings with red- 
dish submarginal cloud from costa; the apex pale gray with dark 
dusting. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; a flesh-colored dorsal stripe 
from front of thorax to anal tuft which is grayish ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—34+ mm. 

Locality.—Carabaya, southeast Peru; 1 male. 

Nearest to JZ. ¢mitans Warren from Panama; distinguished by the 
dorsal stripe and red costa. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9433, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MYCHONIA Meyrick. 
MYCHONIA EXCISA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark grayish fawn-color speckled with black, central 
area browner; lines brown; first from nearly one-third of costa to 
two-fifths of inner margin, slightly outcurved above and below the 
median vein, the inward teeth marked on the whitish vein points; 
outer line from four-fifths of costa; shortly outcurved and angled 
sharply on vein 7, then oblique to two-thirds of inner margin; edged 
outwardly especially on veins, with whitish, which forms a white spot 
on costa; a dark cell spot; fringe concolorous. 

TTindwing.—W ith the outer line central. 

Under side paler, grayish speckled with black and slightly rufous 
tinged in the forewing; marginal area fuscous, with the apex gray; 
hindwing whitish, gray speckled; hind marginal area fuscous; cell 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 549 


spots black, outer line shown by black spots on veins and marked by a 
whitish spot on costa. 
Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. 
Expanse of wings.—28 mm. 
Locality.—Cordoba, Mexico; 1 female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9434, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NEMATOCAMPA Guenée. 
NEMATOCAMPA FALSA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale ochreous, with a slight rufous-olive flush, and finely 
dusted with reddish and purplish atoms; costa purplish, two purplish 
oblique streaks from costa at two-fifths and three-fourths, represent- 
ing the two lines, which are marked by a rufous dot on submedian 
vein at one-third and three-fourths; cell spot purple; submarginal 
line indicated by a rufous blotch below vein 6 and a slighter one at 
anal angle; marginal line deep purple; fringe ochreous mottled with 
purplish. 

Hindwing.—With an olive shade beyond middle, narrow on inner 
margin, and swelling out in middle, containing a purple cell spot and 
speckled with red; marginal line and fringe as in forewing. 

Under side whitish ochreous; costa of forewing and hind margin of 
both wings purplish, and a purplish shade from costa to hind margin 
before apex of forewing; cell spots purplish, small. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; dorsum with pairs of red 
spots; vertex purple. 

Expanse of wings.—21 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, April, 
1904. 

This species mimics the Sterrhid genus /7Zemalea. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9435, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NEODONTOPERA, new genus. 


4 


Forewing.— With hind margin elbowed at vein 3 and 6. 

Tindwing.—W ith hind margin rounded, crenulate. 

Antenne of male strongly bipectinate, the pectination sciliated; palpi 
hairy; second segment thick, terminal short, bent forward; tongue 
and frenulum well developed. 

Neuration.—Forewing, cell more than half as long as wings; disco- 
cellular vertical, very fine; median and subcostal veins both inbent 
toward end of cell; first median nervule at three-fourths, second 
shortly before third; lower radial (vein 5) from top end of discocel- 
lular, just below 6; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 10, 11 free; hindwing, with costal 
and subcostal approximating for half of cell; 7 well before end. 

Type.— Neodontopera cinerea, new species. 


550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


NEODONTOPERA CINEREA, new species. 


Forewing.—Ashy gray, coarsely scaled; with an outer dark line 
from four-fifths of costa to shortly before anal angle, slightly bent on 
vein 6, the marginal area beyond it paler gray; fringe pale gray, 
slightly darker beyond veins; an inner curved line at one-fourth. 

Hindwing.—With outer line only; the margin darker; two black 
marginal dots before anal angle. 

Under side paler gray, the outer lines showing whitish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen gray; face darker. 

Lixpanse of wings.—88 mm. 

Locality. —Guadalajara, Mexico; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9486, U.S.N.M. 


Genus NUMIA Guenée. 
NUMIA ALBISECTA, new species. 


Forewing.—White, more or less overlaid with gray, green, and 
vinous scales; a dark olive spot on costa close to base, which itself is 
white; a dark line from one fifth of costa to one-third of inner margin, 
outcurved below the median vein and there preceded by a vinous 
tint; outer line broad, snow-white at two-thirds, incurved at middle, 
angled outward on submedian fold, and rayed outward along veins 
below costa; the median area green, mixed with whitish above median 
line which is wholly white; submarginal line irregular in outline, but 
forming a strong angle outward on vein 6 touching hind margin; the 
space before it green, beyond it gray; a dark green square subapical 
spot; fringe dark gray in basal half, checkered with white in outer 
half; cell spot white, ringed with dark green. 

[Tindwing.—Dull briék-red, with the inner margin paler and ochre- 
ous; fringe ochreous-gray. 

Under side pale reddish, coarsely black speckled; forewing with 
traces of the dark markings and a pale blotch at middle of inner 
margin; inner margin of hindwing wholly white, with some dark 
scales at margin before anal angle. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen pinkish ochreous, speckled with dark; 
base of abdomen with a white ring; legs mottled with darker; meta- 
thorax with a dark spot at middle. 

The above description was made from a perfect female; the male _ 
is more lilac-gray, without the dark green and vinous shades of the 
female; the antenne pinkish ochreous, both shaft and pectinations” 
dusted with darker. | 

Kxpanse of wings.—Male 22 mm.; female 24 mm. 

Locality.— Baracoa, Cuba; December, 1902. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9487, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 551 


Genus PATALENE Herrich-Schaeffer. 
PATALENE SORDIDA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dark fawn-color, with a few black speckles and strix; 
lines brown; the first pale and indistinct, from one-third of costa, 
oblique outward and bent in cell, then vertical to three-fifths of inner 
margin; outer line narrower, darker brown, from just before apex, 
shortly oblique outward, bent on vein 7, then oblique to three-fifths 
of inner margin; fringe brown; cell spot dark green with paler scales 
round it. 

FTindwing.—W ith the line nearly central. 

Under side pale fawn, with dark strive, the marginal area slightly 
deeper. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous. 

Expanse of wings.—24 mm. 

Locality.—Jamaica; 1 male. 

Apex of forewings nearly rectangular. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9488, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PERICLINA Guenée. 
PERICLINA CERVINA, new species. 


Forewing.—Male pale fawn, covered with very fine linear transverse 
darker strize; lines hardly visible, but marked by faint dark dots on 
veins; first from one-fourth of costa to one-third of inner margin; 
outer from five-sixths of costa to two-thirds of inner margin, straight 
with a slight curve only below costa; cell spot obscure; fringe con- 
colorous. 

[Hindwing.—W ith the line just beyond middle, marked by dots; cell 
spot very faint. 

Under side pinkish ochreous, paler than above with scarcely any 
specklings; outer line fairly distinct from costa to middle on forewing 
only. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings. 

Female darker, without the pink flush of the male; the strive darker; 
both lines dark and clear, as is the cell spot, the veins slightly darker; 
hindwing the same; under side more speckled than in male, with the 
outer line distinct; head and body grayish fuscous. 

Expanse of wings.—40 mm. 

Localities.—Jalapa, Mexico; 1 male: Costa Rica; 1 female. 

Closely allied to P. arge Druce ( Sabulodes). 

Type.—Cat. No. 9439, U.S.N.M. 


552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus PERO Herrich-Schaeffer. 
PERO BINASATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Grayish olive in basal and marginal areas, dark olive 
shaded with brown in the median; basal patch on costa pale gray with 
dark gray streaks; costal area of median space lilac-gray, with short 
dark striz, the pale area running out as an oblique tooth along upper 
half of discocellular; inner edge of fascia, as usual, incurved above 
median and less prominently below; outer edge vertical from three- 
fourths of costa, bent at right angles on vein 5 and forming a deep sinus 
containing small lunules to vein 1 where it forms a second, more acutely 
angled projection, it is edged with whitish, most clearly at costa and 
preceded by a faint dark parallel line; marginal area with three pale 
curved streaks; one from costa at edge of fascia to hind margin at end 
of vein 3, bent on vein 6; a second, shorter, curved from fascia above 
vein 2 to anal angle; the third wedge-shaped beyond the tooth on vein 
1; black submarginal dots in paler spaces; traces of dark wedge-shaped 
marks on veins 2, 3, and 4 beyond fascia; apical area brown tinged. 

Hindwing.—Dull olive; pale along costa and tinged with fulvous 
toward anal angle; a pale outer line, bluntly angled on the cell fold, 
preceded by a deeper olive tint; inner marginal area with long fulvous 
hairs; submarginal spots large, distinct. 

Under side smooth lilac-gray, with a slight pink flush, costal area of 
forewing and whole of hindwing before outer line with black strie; 
outer line whitish; cell spots large and black, that on forewing bent 
and containing a fine angled mark on discocellular; marginal area olive- 
green; with a fulvous apical patch beyond outer line on forewing and 
at anal angle of hindwing; a whitish patch on forewing from anal angle 
to vein 4 and along hind margin in hindwing. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-gray; anal tuft olive-brown; beyond 
a paler dorsal space. 

Expanse of wings. —85 mm. 

Locality. —Rockstone, Essequibo, British Guiana; 1 male, Septem- 
ber, 1904. 

Forewing slightly toothed at apex and vein 6, hindwing without 
teeth; antenne ciliated. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9440, U.S.N.M. 


PERO DISJUNCTA, new species. 


forewing.—Male olive-gray in basal and marginal areas, thickly 
covered with olive-fuscous striations, which are darker and partially 
suffused in the former; median area dull chestnut-brown with the 
striex plainer along costa where the brown is paler; the lines dark 
brown; first line from one-fourth of costa forms a rounded projection 
above median, another vertically below it and a third above inner 


ii 


No. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 553 


margin; the outer line from costa at quite three-fourths runs obliquely 
inward to vein 7 forming an indentation inward on veins 6 and 1, and 
a Shallow sinus from upper to lower fold preceded throughout by 
a deeper brown shade; a diffuse brown patch at apex and gray clouds 
above anal angle; a small black white-tipped dot before margin above 
and below vein 6, and another below vein 3; cell spot formed of two 
small white spots, the upper one oblique, the lower minute. 

Hindwing.— Dark fuscous, with a dark slightly crinkled line at two- 
thirds; marginal space below middle pale ochreous tinted and striated 
with brown and black; fringe brown. 

Female browner, with much fewer striations; the outer line more 
irregular, being slightly indented at each vein, the chestnut shade 
before it more defined; in the marginal area it is followed from vein 
6 to the lower fold by a connected series of blackish teeth on the 
veins; the apical brown shade is better detined and reaches vein 3; 
and the submarginal spots are larger. 

Under side of both sexes gray-brown, mottled with fuscous and 
pale; outer line ochreous with dark inner edge, nearly straight in 
forewing, irregularly waved in hindwing and swelling out into a large 
pale patch in lower half, followed by a bright brown cloud at anal 
angle; marginal area of forewing darker brown with a pale patch on 
margin above anal angle preceded by some blackish suffusion; cell 
spots of both wings ochreous. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen brown, the last pale brown, with a 
blackish dorsal mark on segment 5 in the female; the anal segment in 
the male whitish ochreous. 

FExpanse of wings. —Male, 36 mm.; female, 39 mm. 

Localities.—Rockstone, Essequibo, British Guiana; 1 male, Septem- 
ber, 1904: St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 female, October, 
1904. 

The dentations in the female are usually much more prominent than 
in the male; the hindwings in both sexes ure regularly crenulate and 
denticulate. 

The antennz of the male are shortly pubescent. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9441, U.S.N.M. 


PERO FCDA, new species. 


Forewing.—Dull olive-ochreous, black speckled; the basal area filled 
with gray-brown; the central with olive-brown below the middle and 
before outer line; first line at one-third, curved above and below 
median vein; the curve above it filled up with blackish forming a small 
blotch; cell spot gray with a brown ring; preceded by an unspeckled 
patch of ochreous extending to costa, which is striated with brown; 
outer line from two-thirds of costa to three-fifths of inner margin, 
lunulate between veins, and with a sinus from fold to fold, followed 
on costa by a pale spot; marginal area with coarse black speckles, and 


' = ~ 


554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


with acluster of these beyond outer line below middle; some irregular 
olive clouds along hind margin and round apex; the three top submar- 
ginal spots large, black with white tips, the lower ones small and black; 
fringe olive. 

Hindwing.—With a dark, pale edged, waved line at two-thirds, 
before which the brown suffusion is darkest; cell spot annular; mar- 
ginal area below middle pale ochreous with black speckling, the 
extreme margin olive; fringe dark brown. 

Under side wood-brown, speckled with blackish; the outer line black 
with pale edges, in the forewing hardly waved, in the hindwing 
strongly; cell spot of forewing white; of hindwing a black-edged 
annulus; inner marginal half of forewing whitish. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen brown; face and palpi darker; abdomen 
toward anus mixed with ochreous; legs dark brown mottled with 
whitish. 

Erpanse of wings.—-27 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, Jan- 
uary, 1905. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9442, U.S.N.M. 


Genus POLLA Herrich-Scechaeffer. 
POLLA ALBIPUNCTA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale olive gray-brown; the costal edge ochreous dotted 
with short dark streaks; a very indistinct curved line near base with 
paler spots on veins, plainer on inner margin; a small brown cell spot; 
a white costal streak at two-thirds, oblique outward and angled above 
vein 6, then inwardly oblique and below middle curved outward to 
three-fifths of inner margin, marked by white dashes on veins; first 
before the apex an inwardly oblique white streak nearly meets the 
angle of outer line; fringe rather darker than ground color with whit- 
ish basal line and white tips. 

Hindwing.—Darker toward hind margin, crossed at middle by a 
nearly straight line of white yein dashes; fringe with pale tips only. 

Under side with a broad dull brown-gray border, paler than upper 
side, with the outer apical white streak shown; the rest of the wings 
paler, dull bluish gray. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen like wings; fillet and vertex strealzed 
with white; forelegs mottled dark brown and ochreous. 

Expanse of wings.—36 mm. 

Locality.—Paraguay; 1 male. Antenne strongly ciliated; hind~ 
margins of both wings bluntly bent at middle. Nearest to P. voraria 
Schaus. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9443, U.S.N.M. 


NO. 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. 550 


Genus PYRINIA Hutibner. 
PYRINIA AZMULA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deeply yellow, with a few red-brown speckles; costa 
finely black dotted; a large brown blotch toward end of cell, and two 
smaller in an oblique line below it beneath median and submedian, 
respectively, represent the first line, which rises from a.smaller brown 
spot at one-third of costa; outer half of wing chestnut-brown, the outer 
line thick from near apex to middle of inner margin, separated by a 
small lustrous spot on costa from the submarginal line which curves 
to anal angle, but both these lines are obscured; fringe brown. 

Hindwing.—W ith the line slightly antemedian followed by a diffuse 
fulvous shade; submarginal line formed of elongated olive-fulvous 
patches on the veins, the apex itself being browner; fringe yellow. 

Under side similar; but the interval between outer and submarginal 
lines of forewing filled up with patches of pale lilac scales; the marginal 
area from apex to above anal angle being yellowish; hindwing with a 
broad ferruginous marginal border; the antemedian line thick and the 
yellow ground-color much speckled with brown. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen deep yellow; posterior segments of dor- 
sum dull fulvous. 

Expanse of wings. —24 mm. 

Locality.—Bolivia; 1 male. 

Distinguished from /. vanidosa Dognin by the broad, dark border 
of hindwings beneath. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9444, U.S.N.M. 


PYRINIA ALBILINEATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Olive-brown to the oblique outer line, beyond semilus- 
trous violet-gray; costal edge pale ochreous with black dots; first line 
marked by two dull dark blotches, one in cell at two-fifths, the other 
below it and a smaller one on inner margin; all three traversed by an 
obscure strongly waved lustrous line; outer line fine, slightly lustrous 
from five-sixths of costa to three-fifths of inner margin; an indistinct 
submarginal shade to anal angle; fringe olive. 

ITindwing.—W ith the line central; the outer half of wing sublus- 
_ trous; an obscure dark shade from before apex to anal angle; fringe 
olive; costal area pinkish. 

Under side olive-yellow, brighter in hindwing; inner margin of fore- 
wing white; strie red-brown, thicker in forewing; a waved brown sub- 
marginal line, outwardly edged by a bright white line, expanded into 
a triangle apically below the yellow costa; marginal area deep chest- 
nut-brown; fringe olive-fuscous; hindwing with a slightly curved fine 
central and broad submarginal line deep brown; marginal area orange; 
fringe olive-fuscous. 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX- 


Head and shoulders purple; apical half of shoulders olive; thorax 
and patagia and dorsum olive-brown; anal tuft, abdomen at side and 
beneath, and the legs yellow. 

Expanse of wings.—27 mm. 

Locality.—St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, 
December, 1904. 

Allied to P. sublustraria Walker. Hind margin of forewing straight 
and oblique; of hindwing strongly rounded. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9445, U.S.N.M. 


PYRINIA INSULA, new species. 


Forewing.—Pale lilac-gray, tinged strongly with olive and covered 
with purplish specks and striz; the two lines starting from thick costal 
blotches at one-third, and two-thirds; first slight, waved, and thick to 
one-third of inner margin; the outer oblique outward to vein 6, then 
becoming obsolete, ending as a narrow oblique streak from vein 2 to 
inner margin at two-thirds, the interval obscured by an olive suf- 
fusion; submarginal line represented by four purplish blotches on 
veins 1, 2, 3, 4, obsolete above; fringe dark olive with a yellow line 
along base; the whole basal area slightly darker. 

HTindwing.—Yellower, with purplish striations, but little dusting; 
a straight middle line and a marginal shade, the latter swollen and pur- 
plish at apex; fringe yellow, purplish at apex. 

Under side fulvous with red-brown striz; the two lines of forewing 
marked by thickened strie and slight blotches; a narrow marginal 
shade, connected with outer line by a horizontal streak along vein 4; 
hindwing with the line and marginal shade as above. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive, speckled with reddish; fifth seg- 
ment of dorsum with a dark ring; under side and legs yellow. 

Expanse of wings.—17 mm. 

Locality.—Cayenne, French Guiana; 1 male. 

Nearest to P. brunneata Warren from the Amazons, but smaller and 
with finer markings. . 

Type.—Cat. No. 9446, U.S.N.M. 


PYRINIA PRAZEFULVATA, new species. 


Forewing.—Deep chestnut-brown, showing traces of darker trans- 
verse striz in places; lines darker; first from one-third of costa to two- 
fifths of inner margin, curved above and waved below middle; outer 
line from just before apex all but straight to two-thirds of inner mar- 
gin followed by a faint pale line, plainer at costa and on inner margin; 
costal edge bright olive-ochreous with fine black points; fringe con- 
colorous. 

HTindwing.—W ith the line central; fringe bright chestnut. 

Under side bright orange-fulvous, with brown strie, which in hind- 
wing are confined to the basal area; lines of the wpper side marked 


j 


No, 1456. NEW GEOMETRID MOTHS—WARREN. BOT 


more broadly, the pale edging of the outer line broadening and semi- 
lustrous toward costa; black striz forming a shade from middle of 
outer line to anal angle; fringe dark brown; hindwing with a dark- 
brown mark at apex and slight submarginal line from it. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen chestnut-brown, with a slight olive tint; 
shoulders olive; abdomen at sides bright fulvous; beneath with the 
legs deep yellow; palpi fulvous, the terminal segment blackish. 

Expanse of wings. —30 mm. 

Locality.—Bolivia; 1 male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9447, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SYNCRENIS, new genus. 


Forewing.—With apex slightly produced; hind margin strongly 
toothed at middle. 

findwing.—With hind margin hardly bent at middle, rounded; 
both angles distinct. 

Antenne of male simple, lamellate; palpi quite short; tongue and 
frenulum present; hind tibize swollen, with a pencil of hairs and four 
short spurs. 

Neuration.—In forewing the two radials rise together from the 
upper end of cell; veins 7, 8, 9 are stalked from before end; 10 anas- 
tomoses with 11, which rises from 12. 

Type.— Syncrenis ustimargo, new species. 


SYNCRENIS USTIMARGO, new species. 


Forewing.—Ochreous at base, with numerous speckles, passing into 
fulvous brown before outer line; first line from one-fourth of costa to 
one-fourth of inner margin, angled in cell before the black cell spot; 
pearl-gray, edged with black scales; outer line from close before apex, 
shortly outcurved, sharply angled on vein 7, then straight to four- 
fifths of inner margin; pale lustrous; marginal area with a large black 
cloud below middle; fringe brown; with darker basal line. 

[Hindwing.—W ithout first line; the pearly line nearly central beyond 
the black cell spot; marginal area gray-brown; the whole freckled with 
black. 

Under side pale brownish ochreous speckled with black; cell spots 
black; the outer line marked by black spots on veins; marginal area 
fuscous, paler toward apex of forewings. 

Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs all ochreous. 

Expanse of wings. —26 mm. 

Locality.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana; 1 male, July, 
1904. 

Type. 


Cat. No. 9448, U.S.N.M. 


A NEW SALAMANDER FROM NORTH CAROLINA. 


By LEONHARD STEJNEGER, 


Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians.- 


i A very strikingly colored salamander, plumbeous with brick-red 
legs, was recently presented to the Museum by Mr. C. 8. Brimley, 
of Raleigh, North Carolina. It was collected by Mr. F. Sherman, jr., 
the entomologist, on August 24, 1904, near the extreme western 
corner of North Carolina, less than 20 miles from the border of 
Tennessee, between Andrews and Aquone, both of which localities 
are on streams draining into the Little Tennessee River. ¢ 

The tongue and other external characters, as well as the whole 
“physiognomy of the animal, are so much like those of a Plethodon, 
and so different from Desmognathus, that I have not considered it 
necessary to mutilate the unique specimen in order to ascertain the 
character of the vertebre. 


PLETHODON SHERMANI, new species. 


Diagnosis.—Parasphenoid patches of teeth separated; tongue large, 
posterior half free; fourteen costal folds; vomero-palatine teeth in 
two short, oblique series, not extending outward beyond the inner 
nares, widely separated behind and from the parasphenoid patches; 
tail very long, much longer than head and body, slender, and tapering 
to a fine point; color plumbeous, the legs brick-red in strong contrast. 

Habitat.—Mountains of western North Carolina. 

Type.—Cat. No. 36214, U.S.N.M.; Nantahala Mountain, between 

_ Andrews and Aquone; Mr. F. Sherman, jr., collector; August 24, 
1904. 


«In a letter dated December 28, 1905, Professor Sherman, upon inquiry, gave the 
following more detailed information about the type locality: ‘‘ lam morally certain that 
I took the specimen by side of rocky, shaded streamlet in the forest on the eastern 
(Aquone) side of the ridge [between Andrews and Aquone], more than half way to 
the summit, tho’ I can now only dimly recall the exact place and circumstances. 
There are cool streamlets on that side of the ridge where I stopped to drink. That 
ridge must be about 4,500 feet at the summit, and is a branch of the Nantahala 
mountain or group of mountains.” 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1457. 


| ™ — 


559 


560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Description of type.—Adu't: Vomero-palatine teeth (fig. 1) in two 
short, oblique, curved series, which do not extend outward beyond the 
choanz, each series consisting of five to six rather large teeth; the 
distance between the series posteriorly equals about three-fourths of 
the length of the series; distance of vomero-palatine series from para- 
sphenoid patches greater than length of series; parasphenoid teeth in 
two narrowly though distinctly separate patches, the teeth rather 
large, arranged in parallel, oblique rows, about five in each row; 
tongue very large, filling the entire floor of the mouth, thin, posterior 
half free, anterior portion narrowly attached along the median line; 
snout slightly projecting beyond lower jaw, rounded, truncate, or even 
slightly concave between the nostrils; distance between the latter 
equals the interorbital space and their distance from the eyes; a dis- 
tinct groove from posterior margin of nostril to the edge of the lip, 
slightly oblique toward the front; a deep groove from posterior angle 
of eye along side of neck to the gular fold, another groove descending 


Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. 
FIG. 1.—DENTITION OF PLETHODON SHERMANI. U.S.N.M. No. 36214. 3 X NAT. SIZE. 
FIG. 2.—DENTITION OF PLETHODON #NEUS. U.S.N.M. No. 16660. 3 NAT. SIZE. 
FIG. 3.—DENTITION OF PLETHODON JORDANI. U.S.N.M. No. 35597. 3X NAT. SIZE. 


vertically from it behind the angle of mouth to the posterior end of 
the mandible; gular fold very deep, ascending on the sides of the neck; 
distance from tip of snout to gular fold contained about four times in dis- 
tance to vent and about twice and a third times in distance between axilla 
and groin; limbs well developed, tips of fingers and toes nearly meet- 
ing when pressed along the sides of the body; digits not dilated at tips; 
fingers (tig. +) well developed except inner, which is almost rudimentary, 
third much longer than second, which is longer than fourth; inner toe 
(fig. 5) very small, fourth longest, slightly longer than third, second and 
fifth subequal; tail slender, tapering toa point, subcylindric anteriorly, 
slightly compressed posteriorly, longer than head and body by the width 
of the head; fourteen strongly marked costal grooves, with one above 
and behind the insertion of the fore leg, and one above and in front of 
the hind leg, none of which descend to the lower surface. Color in 
life said to be ** uniformly plumbeous with brick-red legs;” in alcohol, 
the color above and on the sides is bluish plumbeous, the whole surface 
under the magnifying glass showing a uniform dusting over of minute 


no. 1457. NEW SALAMANDER FROM N. CAROLINA—STEJNEGER. 561 


pale dots as in Plethodon glutinosus; underside pale gray with a glow 
of salmon color, strongest on throat; legs pale salmon color, the upper 
side of hands and feet finely dusted with dark grey, which color also 
forms a distinct bar across the elbows and the knees. 


Dimensions. 

mm, 
‘Wieitell WemeEtHy SSS AS ee cee Ne eae ate Sea em ay ee eae er relent gaa 104 
STRODE WD VSM ER SSS I Cee en ae i nna ee Oe Ra 48 
BEDI TAGHUPL OG) 1001 Bae RS 2k ee a a a 56 
tee amane NERO Oe Mine ete Se SE as ates ae ale ee bate Oe ewe iL sue 11.5 
Dare eAm ROE RT phe Set es ea ae ie ee Gas Saeki. epee s ete glue aoe 27 
oT PEDLUDEL VTEC E100) GE Lge Re akc eek Re ee Ls 7 
et Ed Ore ce i ave, eh kyu ceiaiue eorat bods Dantes ate e ae 13 
brig Meee ee ete ct ee ee dos eee pues els de coe oe Pa Leeee 15 


Remarks.—The direct relationship of this new salamander is not 
easy to trace. In the coloration of its legs it resembles very strongly 
the Californian /%7ethodon croceater, which also has a long tail, but 
here the similarity ends, for the shape of the head and the dentition 
as described by Cope are entirely different, besides many other dis- 
crepancies in relative length of toes, of limbs, and in number of costal 
folds, ete. 

With our common eastern Plethodon glutinosus the new species has 
very little in common except the minute, pale, dust-like sprinkling cf 
the dark skin. The proportions are entirely different, P. shermand 
being much slenderer with a much longer and slenderer tail, while the 
dentition is still more at variance, P. glutinosus having the vomero- 
palatines extending beyond the choanz and a single, undivided para- 
sphenoid patch. The fifth toe is also relatively much longer than in 
P. glutinosus. — 

The proportions of /?. enews, on the other hand, are similar, except 
those of the head, which in this species is broad and squarish. The 
tail, also long and slender, is more cylindric though less tapering 
toward the tip. The hands and feet are also very different, being 
very broad and the digits distinctly widened at the tips (fig. 6). The 
coloration, moreover, is radically different and the dentition almost as 
much so, for while in ?. sherman the teeth are large and few, the 
-vomero-palatine series short, unusually far apart behind and placed far 
away from the distinctly divided parasphenoid patches, in P. enevs (fig. 
2) the teeth are small and very numerous, the vomero-palatine series 
long, unusually close together behind and the parasphenoids on an 
undivided patch. Finally, while in the former the choane are large, 
in the latter they are uncommonly small. 

Were it not that P?. jordanz (fig. 3) has the parasphenoid patches 
divided by a narrow groove we would scarcely have needed mention it 
in this connection, tasmuch as proportions and dentition otherwise is 
sufficiently different. It is a much stouter built animal and the teeth 


Proc. N. M, yol. xxx—06——36 


562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


much smaller, more closely approximated, and more numerous. Thus 
the vomero-palatine series are long and close together behind, the dis- 
tance between them being less than one-third the length of the series, 
while externally they extend beyond the choanz. Moreover, they 
contain ten to eleven teeth as against five to six in P. shermani. 


Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. 
Fic. 4.—UPPER SIDE OF RIGHT FORE FOOT OF PLETHODON SHERMANI. U.S.N.M. No. 36214. 3x 
NAT. SIZE. 
Fic. 5.—UNDERSIDE OF RIGHT HIND FOOT OF PLETHODON SHERMANI. U.S.N.M. No. 36214. 3x 
NAT. SIZE. 


Fic. 6.—UNDERSIDE OF RIGHT HIND FOOT OF PLETHODON #NEuS. U.S.N.M. No. 16660. 3 x NAT. 
SIZE. 


I have added camera lucida sketches of the dentition of the two last- 
mentioned species, which are still rare in collections, so that the differ- 
ences from our new species can be seen at a glance. 

Mr. F. Sherman, jr., has done considerabie to increase our knowl- 
edge of the salamander fauna of North Carolina, and I therefore take 
great pleasure in naming this discovery of his after him. 


rn 


CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA.?¢ 


By Cuaryes D. Watcorrt, 


Curator, Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology. 


INTRODUCTION. 


In the first paper on the Cambrian Faunas of China? a historical 
introduction was given along with a list of the species known at the 
date of the publication of the paper. 

During the summer of 1905 a box of fossils, that had been lost, was 
received in Washington. This material was collected by Mr. Eliot 
Blackwelder ‘under the direction of Mr. Bailey Willis, principally 
from the provinces of Shen-si and Shan-si. It has afforded a number 
of new species, but has not added otherwise. materially to our knowl- 
edge of the Cambrian faunas of China except in the case of the 
occurrence of the genus Coscinocyathus. 

The illustrations for the report on the Cambrian faunas of China, 
collected by Messrs. Willis and Blackwelder, are now well advanced, 
and it is anticipated that the full report, including descriptions of 
genera and species and paleontological correlations. and illustrations, 
will be published before the close of 1906. 

When preparing the preliminary notes on the Cambrian faunas of 
China? in 1905, I_had not noticed that H. Monke had published a 
paper on the Geology of Shan-tung, and described certain ‘*‘ Upper” 
Cambrian trilobites.°. It was not until February 27, 1906, that the 
Jahrbuch containing the paper arrived at the United States Geological 
Survey library. 


«Preliminary Paper No. 2. 

bProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, Sept., 1905, pp. 1-106. 

¢ Beitrige zur Geologie von Schantung. I. Obercambrische Trilobiten yon Yen- 
tsy-yai. Jahrb. d. K. P. Geol. Landesanst. und Bergakad. zu Berlin, X XIII, Pt. 1, 
1903, pp. 103-151. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1458. 


9 


563 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


‘ The following is a list of the genera and species described by H. 
Monke: 


1. Agnostus koerferi. 5. Drepanura premesnili. 

2. Liostracina krausei. 6. Drepanura ketteleri. 

3. Teinistion lansi. 7. Stephanocare richthofeni. 
4. Teinistion sodeni. 8. Stephanocare sp. 


Of the above three genera and species described by me in 1905 are 
synonyms: 
Liostracina krausei Monke= Ptychoparia ceus Walcott. 
Teinistion lansi Monke= Dorypygella typicalis Walcott. 
Stephanocare richthofeni Monke= Damesella chione Walcott. 
The following are new forms: 


Drepanura kettelert Monke. 
Teinistion sodeni Monke. 


I do not find that Agnostus hoerfert Monke differs specifically from 
Agnostus chinensis Dames. 

Teinistion lansi Monke is similar in many respects to Shantungia 
spinifera Walcott, but differs in the presence of an incurved frontal 
margin, and the absence of the long frontal spine. 

The detailed sections worked and the succession of the contained 
faunas show that the horizon of the fauna described by Monke is the 
upper part of the Middle Cambrian, and not Upper Cambrian as 
determined by Monke. The detailed sections and lists of faunas will 
be given in the paleontological report. 


ASSOCIATION OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 


In order that the student may be saved the labor of making lists of 
the species from the various localities, the following lists are inserted. 
The species given in each list do not all occur in the same layer of 
rock, but they are from the same band of layers: The number of 
layers and their thickness will be given in Mr. Blackwelder’s report 
on the detailed sections. The stratigraphic range is limited so as to 
avoid the commingling of faunas from distinct faunal zones. 

The line between the Middle and Upper Cambrian faunas is placed 
at the top of the Ku-shan shale. The fauna of the Ku-shan shale 
includes species of Damesella, Dorypyge, and genera that are typical- 
of the Middle Cambrian fauna, while the fauna of the Ch’au-mi-tien 
limestone, above the Ku-shan shale, is more nearly related to that of 
the Upper Cambrian of North America and northwestern Europe. 

The line of the Lower Cambrian is placed at the top of the Man-t’o 
formation, as the predominant trilobite, Redlichia, is more closely 


| 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 565 


related to Olenellus than to the trilobites of the Middle Cambrian 


fauna. 
Brachiopoda: 


Discinopsis sulcatus. 
Trilobita: 
Anomocare, species undetermined. 
Anomocarella irma. 
Ptychaspis bella. 
Trilobita: 
Middle Cambrian. Ku-shan formation ....-- Catasteis Blackwelderia cilix Walcott. 
Agraulos regularis. 


Upper Cambrian ..Ch’au-mi-tien formation......... 


Anthozoa: 
Coscinocyathus elvira. 
Brachiopoda: 
Obolus (Lingulepis ?), species undetermined. 
Yorkia ? orientalis. 
Orthis (Plectorthis) agreste, O. (P.) kichouensis, 
O. (P.), species undetermined. ; 
Gastropoda: 
Scenella ? dilatatus. 
Platyceras willisi. 
Stenotheca ?? simplex. 
Trilobita: 
‘ : ‘ : f Dorypyge richthofent levis. 
Middle Cambrian.Ch’ang-hia (Ki-ch6u) formation. Agraulos armatus, A. nitida, A. obscura, A. uta, 
A, vicina. 
Agraulos (?) @ capax, A. (2) melie. 
Anomocare bigsbyi, A. eriopia, A. flava. | 
Anomocarella contigua. 
Ptychoparia comus, P. inflata, P. lilia, P. nereis, 
P. undata, P. vesta, P., species undeter- 
mined. 
Ptychoparia (?) mata, 
Ptychoparia (Liostracus) intermedia, P. (L.) 
subrugosa. 
Solenopleura pauperata. 
Dolichometopus hyrie. 


aInterrogation points within parentheses indicate undetermined subgenera, 


TABLE SHOWING GEOLOGIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAUNA. 


Horizons. Localities. 

fe te 

ase 

Bei eee 38 

’ < j : Ho} “TE Q 
Cambrian. § ; 4 4 E Ba 
co = a T = 3 . 
Thy ao =| Fas] - 3 fo} 
‘a = s B = eared o 
> S So ap ® S x = 
4 ca q | 5 | a 
= & 3 Bul pee fo o q 
= aH i i al aN 
enn Fag Rh Ma = | a | 3 
| ) o ® o a Te! oO fe) 
L Mo) 0 Z Z Z Z A S) Z Ss) 
-|- 
ANTHOZOA. 
Coscinocyathus elvira, new spe- 
Bled =. kes aet sess Rae eerste ceeee a EOE 3. 'oeawca|seeseelescmes|aemeee Tae what paeees See 
BRACHIOPODA. 
Obolus (Lingulepis?), species un- 

MAGtELMINEM 2. ce H-eece siac Se lecnene Sarl socn Gack areer oe Pesce See Meee Beeeee Searee 
Discinopsis sulcatus, new species.|...-..|...--- > aan| [eae eae Ge BSS ce eee ees eae 
Yorkia? orientalis, new species ..)....-. aE eR tb erate (o2kece Joanie Mit Noe e es Lees [ute VSR S ae 
Orthis (Plectorthis) agreste, new | 

SPECIES Fs eo oeecocescosnedtedeci|occeee cel ete ae | (LANE) beer EM eo (eeeee eaoae oe eA ay Merle 
Orthis (Plectorthis) kichouensis, | 

MOM a SDE CLOG Naa. asinbine Menicies anr,2laisate oe See Mt ee x Beet oo So eee Se ee eee tat ee aenk Boe se ht 
Orthis (Plectorthis), species un- | 

GELErMNe AS eee ease caeianece< (os sec- a Pee Pee oa Benne eae eee 76) Ree eee 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


TABLE SHOWING GEOLOGIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAuNnA—Cont’d. 


Horizons. Localities. 
= 
SS 
a) 
ca s nm 
| 
; ; S| = & = a 
Cambrian. a) £ is) I 5 i 
a eS a bis = 3 4 
ria Ui ie ad Pees el a ta 
2 = w | & | & | s ey | ee 
Ema ete lea a = eee beeen nS: 
= a a o fe) on a = 
i a ea 5 & = 
ey SN, Bee ie eee tere Stare ie ec 
L. | M.| U.| @ Z A 4 va S) A S) 
GASTROPODA, | | 
Scenella? dilatatus, new species. .|.....- ae Cites se) sere Poker eee Doin pares ee tenes Wee set B= 
Platyceras willisi, new species...|.....- Noe reel ee Pree jeecertst| ltibeen Se pM ee eee ene ep eee Pasa a(S, 2 ee 
Stenotheca ?? simplex, new species.|....-- | Pen Series) Bob sas Rassias isso eG cael Besse | onnee|So-nee|Seactoe 
TRILOBITA. 
Dorypyge richthofeni levis, new 
VAN CbY i= seen soe ee seecee ere eee pied priests! (Seach | ae game 5 Gel hn ded mee Loe ser Seen eee 
Blackwelderia cilic Walcott....--|...-..- Nels Peer Haasacltheoge Ki Wee ck StL oes eee ee pacers 
Agraulos armatus, new species...|...... Si eS ee Ne meen, fee meee [ee ge rey [2 ee Pe eh | Seb = 
nitida, new species. ..-. pee Sculls Xo a SAEs Siete | hocoels cae eae ee eee {2h Sones 
obscura, new species ...|.....- KW ecerlseces| eee ae Ae (ote [ee es ores asec 3 |S2so-- 
regularis, new species..|....-. oe eee 52 eer toe 3615 [hte oI ee SEI ae es eee 
ata, new species .......|...-.. ie Aes ES eee Meise seeioe hana Mopser nokcotlfod cas 
vicina, new species ....|...--- Sa bee | poaeed) Beak e 3 ee aes ee ee ee ees eee a 
Agraulos (?) capax, new species. .|....-- yan Eee ae bossa | sae Beemee 5 gael He Se lea eee lisersaraiel| Sees 
(?) melie, new species ..}...... Som eee Kab ee ce eeeeee ie | SS [on see See ea aeceee 
Anomocare bigsbyi, new species. .|...--. ae eae Se -ceta eeccrns prosoe x Wescar [8 | eee oe 
eriopia, new species. ./...... Sheol fas RIM 7 7 eee | eae eel | anes | 5g kee | 
flava, new species....|.....- fal Patel Bopese| peecae > ee cetera Weasel MAKbSa ine cas joes sc 
species undetermined|......]...... MT Ibedun sladocdalteease cmaeee XK isa eeianel eon aon 
Anomocarella contigua, new spe- 
CleSsnscaeccene saa sacks 3: Ase Sok BERR coer | Sew ae/3| Sosa | Seeeee ae cee | Seer 30) Weeeees 
irma, new species. .|......|------ dit] [Sears Baeese Beker aeaes- pda beeen Perera eae 
Ptychaspis bella, new species. .... Jenene |oeeear SO] asses) eoSse SM Sak Dail oS. ie sietisye ae eed reer 
Ptychoparia comus, new species. .).....- lao. See es calls case hoe see Wule- gan | odce 5 5S oci eee eee 
inflata; NEWIBPECIES=|: seec2 lla EX? HEMe salen oe a= = > inl Stes sees aderel |scocos ese s- 
lilia, new species....|...--- |S earrate SN Mccpalecrces (ise. [Dee eecle se wes | sesmel ase 
nereis, New species..|...-... P| eccee dpe ne siesseee X “Bees se ee Ee ose alee ceee| pees 
undata, new species. |...... eee eee enn lost Reolee sce MeO le ots Al Ses See llom ase rece 
vesta, new species...|...... pam Ramee | SS ater je nosare XW Wesccalneds sale coe eel cee eee eee 
species undeter- | 
MING se wasee se nee yale me Wee cay| Mie | Pee ae. aa Freee essee | smenl|= a5 
Ptychoparia (2?) maia, new species ....-- K \iec eabboewes|wamewel as sacs | 3S) |bereseclenseee| Gee oele eee 
Ptychoparia( Liostracus) interme- | | 
did, NEW SpeCies... 22) .....-22-24< eee ep el Sem ae ceee eee Paes Sreeel teccid joccee| mecsae x 
Ptychoparia (Liostracus) subru- | | 
gosa; New species: ..-~. -------- eee IS Poe Slee cece ee eie| oleae Se |e aaa | ote Sele wets x 4 
Solenopleura pauperata, new spe- | 
ClES S22 eee sess See (eeteacrnel ae <ce| amir Se} (lees il Peet ee | peal PPE gti es One 
Dolichometopus hyrie, new species|......| X |..--..§-----.|--.--- x Feber pkgs kena fica 


ANTHOZOA. 
Genus COSCINOCYATHUS Bornemann. 


Coscinocyathus BoRNEMANN, 1884, Deutsch. geol. Gesell., Zeitsch. XXXVI, 
p. 704. 
COSCINOCYATHUS ELVIRA, new species. 


This species is represented by one small cup, a fragment of the 
interior wall of a larger cup, and a thin section showing a portion of 
the wall and the diagonally transverse section near the base of the cup. 
The cup has a height of 3 mm., and a diameter of 3 mm. at the aper- 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 567 


ture.- The exterior surface appears smooth under a lens of moderate 
power, but with a strong lens it is found to be perforated by minute 
pores; the interior surface is marked by arching ridges, radiating 
from the base toward the outer edge, connected by transverse ridges, 
between which rounded pits occur. A diagonally transverse thin sec- 
tion shows the system of ridges described and the openings between 
them. The same section cuts across near the base of a cup. In this 
the calcite is so crystallized that no definite structure, with the excep- 
tion of a few traces of septa extending from the inner wall to the 
outer wall, can be distinguished. 

The fragment illustrating the interior wall indicates a cup that 
expanded much more rapidly than the cup described above. It may 
be that a second species is indicated by this, but with the material 
available for study it does not appear best to attempt to distinguish 
them by applying distinct names. 

When the surface of the outer wall is slightly worn the radiating 
lines and transverse septa are very clearly shown. . 

Observations.—The generic reference to Coscinocyathus is made on 
account of the presence of the regular cross septa in addition to the 
radial septa, as defined by Dr. J. G. Bornemann.“ None of the Sibe- 
rian forms of the Archxocyathine described by Dr. Eduard von Toll? 
appears to be closely related to this species. 

The specific name is given in recognition of the work of Miss Elvira 
Wood in the preliminary study of the Cambrian fauna of China. 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, in a brownish gray, 
partly oolitic limestone, in a horizon corresponding to the lower por- 
tion of the Ch’ang-hia formation of Shan-tung; 4.5 miles south of 
Wu-t’ai-hién, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


BRACHIOPODA. 
Genus OBOLUS Ejichwald. 


LINGULEPIS Hall, subgenus of OBOLUS. 
OBOLUS (LINGULEPIS?), species undetermined. 


This species is represented by a few fragments, one of which shows 
that the ventral valve is elongate, and the apex acuminate. The shell 
was built up of several layers or lamellee, as in characteristic forms of 
Obolus and its subgenera. The interior surface of some of the lamellee 
is marked by fine, radiating, and concentric strie; the outer surface, 
under a strong magnifier, shows fine, concentric, somewhat irregular 
strive. 


“Deutsch. geol. Gesell. Zeitsch., XXXVI, 1884, p. 704. 
bMém. de |’ Acad. Imp. des Sciences de St.-Pétersb., 8th ser., VIII, No. 10, 1899. 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, lower portion of oolitic 
limestone series; 4 miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. 
Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus DISCINOPSIS Matthew. 


Acrotreta? Marruew, 1885, Illustrations of the Fauna of the St. John Group, No. 
6, p. 37. 

Discinopsis (MatrHew MS.) Hatt and CiarKkg, 1892, Pal. New York, VIII, Pt. 
Iepp:. 10a, Lor: 

The original diagnosis of the genus is as follows: 

** Diagnosis.—Shell subcireular in outline. Surface depressed-con- 
ical, apices excentric, not marginal. Pedicle-valve with the apex trun- 
sated by a circular foraminal aperture(?). The interior of this valve 
is characterized by a pair of deep, diverging furrows, passing forward 
from the beak or internal foraminal opening, in broad curves which 
converge toward the anterior margin but without meeting. These 
furrows enclose a thickened and somewhat elevated central area, which, 
in the subumbonal region is apparently’ free, projecting for a short 
distance, like a narrow, triangular shelf, beneath which the foramen 
probably opened. The interior opening of the foramen is, however, 
not apparent on any of the specimens examined, for, as usually pre- 
served, the matrix has adhered to this subapical cavity, and ina single 
example only, is the shelf-like character of the median area distinctly 
demonstrated. A faint longitudinal ridge passes from the apex of the 
shelf to the anterior margin, but no other markings are discernible on 
the interior except faint radiating or slightly undulating, probably 
vascular lines. 

‘*The interior of the brachial valve, as far as known, shows no other 
characters than the radiating lines, which appear to belong to the 
ornamentation of the outer surface. 

‘** Shell-substance tenuous, apparently corneous. External surface 
covered with more or less prominent, sometimes lamellose concentric 
growth-lines, crossed by fine, gently curved, radiating striz which are 
usually more prominent when the concentric lines are exfoliated. 

“Type, Discinopsis gulielié Matthew.” 


DISCINOPSIS SULCATUS, new species. 
Craniella?? sp. Watcott, 1905, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, pp. 4, 6. 

This species is based upon the cast of the interior of a small ventral 
valve, that in its interior markings closely approaches the interior of 
the ventral valve of Discinopsis gulielmi Matthew.“ 

The interior cast shows that the ventral valve was subcircular in 
outline, moderately convex, and with the apex probably perforated 


“ Illustrations of the Fauna of the St. John Group, 1885, No. 6, p. 37. 


BGR 


NO. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 569 


by a small, circular foraminal aperture. In front of the cast of the 


base of the foraminal aperture there is a broad depression that extends 


to the front margin; on each side of the central depression an elongate, 
slightly depressed area extends forward and outward from near the 
base of the cast of the foraminal aperture, along the ridge on each side 
of the median depression; back of the base of the foraminal aperture 
there is a narrow, short, arched furrow that indicates the presence of 
a corresponding ridge on the interior of the shell. No other mark ngs 
are shown on the cast, except the faint outline of what may have been 
the visceral area, on the median line in front of the base of the forami- 
nal aperture and between the broad vascular sinuses. 

Observations. —This species is referred to the genus Dscinopsis as 
the result of comparison with specimens of the interior of a ventral 
valve of D. gulielmi. One interior of the latter species has scars much 
like those in ). sulcatus. 

Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, upper part of Ch’au-mi- 
tien limestone; Pagoda Hill, 1 mile west-southwest of T’ai-an-fu, 
Shan-tung, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus YORKIA Waleott. 
Yorkia Waucortt, 1897, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, p. 714. 
YORKIA? ORIENTALIS, new species. 


This species is represented by a single small ventral valve, which 
has the external characteristics of Yorkia wanneri, of the Lower Cam- 
brian.“ The outline of the valve is transversely and broadly oval in 
outline, exclusive of the apex rising above the posterior margin; the 
apex gives a subtriangular outline to the valve when looking down 
upon it; the apex is moderately elevated, and projects over the poste- 
rior margin; it is perforated by a rather large aperture just above a 
small false area. 

The surface of the valve is marked by low, rather broad, concentric 
undulations, a few fine, concentric striz, and a very finely reticulate 
ornamentation, formed by the crossing of oblique, elevated, curved 
lines, which form slightly elongate, diamond-shaped pits between them. 
Shell substance apparently calcareous. Width of ventral valve, 2.5 
mm.; length, 2 mm. at aperture, 2.25 mm. at apex; elevation, 0.5 to 
0.75 mm. 

Observations.—As far as may be determined by the exterior of the 
valve this species is properly referred to Yorkia. The generic refer- 
ence, however, will remain in doubt until information is available as 
to the characters of the interior of the valve. 


@Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 715, pl. ux, fig. 1. 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, central portion of 
Ki-chéu formation, in a dark gray limestone; + miles south-southwest 
of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus ORTHIS Dalman. 


PLECTORTHIS Hall and Clarke, subgenus of ORTHIS. 
ORTHIS (PLECTORTHIS) AGRESTE, new species. 


Shell transverse, subsemicircular; a ventral valve ) mm. in length 
has a width of 12 mm., and a hinge line 10.5 mm. in length; ventral 
ralve moderately and regularly convex, with the apex curved down 
to an area that is slightly inclined backward from the hinge line; the 
details of the cardinal area are unknown. 

Surface marked by rounded, radiating ribs and interspaces, 6 ribs 
in a space of 3 mm. near the front margin; a few of the ribs bifur- 
cate, but most of them extend from the umbo to the front margin; the 
ribs are crossed by fine, concentric striz and strong lines of growth. 

Observations.—This shell is characterized by its regular convexity 
and the uniformity of the rounded, radiating ribs. 

Formation and locality..—Middle Cambrian, near base of the Ch’ang- 
hia formation in dirty gray, fossiliferous limestone; 1 mile east-south- 
east of Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


ORTHIS (PLECTORTHIS) KICHOUENSIS, new species. 


This species is represented by a specimen of the dorsal valve. The 
outline of the shell is transversely rounded subquadrilateral; length, 
9mm.; width, 13 mm.; the highest point above the plane of the mar- 
gin is about 3 mm. above the hinge line; a shallow median sinus begins 
at the umbo, and gradually widens toward the front margin; back of 
the umbo the shell extends beyond the hinge line, and then recedes to 
the beak, which apparently is at or a little over the upper edge of a 
very narrow area. . 

Surface marked by numerous radiating, rounded ribs, with narrow 
interspaces, 7 ribs in a distance of 5 mm.; a few bifurcations of the 
ribs occur at irregular intervals between the apex and the margins. 
There are no traces of concentric striz; if on the shell originally, they 
have been removed by the wearing off of the outer surface. 

Observations. —This species is distinguished from all other species 
by the strong, incurved umbo, and rounded ribs with narrow inter- 
spaces. 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, in lower part of Ki-chéu 
formation, in brown-gray, oolitic limestone; 4.5 miles south of Wu-t’ai- 
hién, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 571 


ORTHIS (PLECTORTHIS), species undetermined. 


This species is represented by a single specimen of the ventral valve. 
Ventral valve convex, with the apex curving gently downward from 
the highest point to the cardinal area; transverse; length, 2.5 mm.; 
width, 3 mm.; hinge line a little shorter than the greatest width; 
cardinal area sloping slightly backward from the hinge line. 

Surface marked by about 16 strong, nearly regular, rounded, radi- 
ating ribs, that are crossed by fine, concentric strive, lines of growth, 
and one strong ridge indicating interruption of growth. 

Observations.—This little shell was at first placed with Orthis (Plec- 
torthis) agreste (p. 570), but further study showed that its greater con- 
vexity, elevated apex, and stronger ribs distinguished it from that 
species. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of Ch’ang- 
hia formation, near top of dark, oolitic limestone series; 2 miles north- 
northeast of Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung, China. 

A larger shell of this type occurs in Shen-si, in the central portion 
of the Ki-chéu formation. It has a length of 6.5 mm., and a width of 
7.5mm. The surface is marked by numerous radiating ribs, similar 
to those of the shell from Ch’ang-hia, aiso concentric striz and several 
ridges resulting from interruption of growth. 

The locality is 4 miles south-southwest of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, 
China. 

A third shell, that appears to be a dorsal valve, was found in lime- 
stone pebbles in river gravel. The surface is partially exfoliated, but 
it shows rounded, radiating ribs and concentric ridges, similar to those 
on the two specimens described above. 

The associated fragments of trilobites suggest the Middle Cambrian 
fauna. 

The locality is in the railroad grade, one-third mile west of west 
city gate, T’ai-an-fu, Shan-tung, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


yor ROPoDs. 
Genus SCENELLA Billings. 
SCENELLA? DILATATUS, new species. 


This species is based upon two specimens which preserve the expanded 
outer margin, but not the elevated, central, conical portion of the shell. 
The exterior outline is oval, the length of the type specimen being 9 
mm.; width, 7mm. The surface on the inner side of the campanulate 
margin is marked by numerous radiating, elevated striz. As viewed 
from the lower side the margin slopes gently inward to a shallow 
depression, or furrow, within which there is a rounded, slightly ele- 


ak *® 


572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


yated ridge, that extends around the border of the elevated portion of 
the shell, except on what is supposed to be the posterior side; on this’ 
side the curvature from the margin across the border to the elevated 
portion of the shell is uninterrupted. 

A second specimen occurs in the collection which shows the exterior 
surface. This is smooth, and corresponds in surface configuration 
approximately to the reverse of the specimen above described. Unfor- 
tunately it is in a very fragmentary state, neither the outline of the 
margin nor the central, elevated portion being preserved. 

Observations. —This species is distinguished by the broad, campanu- 
late-like border; it differs from Scenella clotho Walcott“ in its smooth, 
exterior surface, and the strong, radiating striz on the inner surface, 
both the outside and inside of the shell of S. clotho being marked by 
concentric striz and lines of growth. 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, lower portion of Ki- 
chéu formation, in a brown, oolitie limestone; 4 miles south-south- 
west of Tung-yti-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus PLAT YCERAS Conrad. 
PLATYCERAS WILLISI, new species. 


Shell minute, consisting of two whorls somewhatirregularly incurved; 
the apex and one side of the aperture lie in the same plane; the outer 
whorl increases in size gradually through its first half, and then 
expands more rapidly toward the aperture; a cross section of the 
outer whorl shows the dorsal (outer) side to be gently convex, and the 
inner side somewhat more strongly convex, a rounded dorsal angle 
being formed where the two sides unite on the outer edge. 

The surface is marked by concentric lines of growth parallel to the 
aperture. 

The greatest diameter of the largest shell is 1.6 mm. 

Observations.—This species differs from Platyceras chronus Walcott? 
in having a more slender, rounded, outer whorl, without trace of the 
dorsal ridge characteristic of that species. It differs from P. elytia 
Walcott’ in being coiled on the plane of the dorsal side instead of on 
the plane of the median line. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, in greenish gray lime- 
scone, interbeded in argillaceous shales; 4 miles east of Fang-lan-chén, 
Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


@Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 12. bIdem, p. 14. 


No, 1458. . CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 573 


Genus STENOTHECA Salter. 
STENOTHECA ?? SIMPLEX, new species. 


Shell small, depressed conical, with the apex situated about one- 
sixth the distance from the front to the posterior margin; the point of 
the apex is broken away; aperture subcircular, and little broader than 
long. 

Surface concentrically striated, with a trace of a shallow furrow 
extending from the apex toward the central portion of the anterior 
margin. 

The greatest diameter of the type and only specimen is 2 mm. 

Observations. —This species differs widely from other known species 
from China. It may be compared with some varieties of the young 
of Stenotheca rugosa, but it differs in the aperture being broader, and 
not having a rugose surface. The continuous concentric strie and 
absence of any indication of an area show that it is a gasteropod, but 
its generic reference is doubtful. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, lower portion of Ki-chéu 
formation, in a brown, oolitic limestone; 4 miles south-southwest of 
Tung-yii-chon, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


ERILOBTEA. 
Genus DORYPYGE Dames. 
DORYPYGE RICHTHOFENI LAVIS, new variety. 


This variety is characterized by a nearly smooth surface. An asso- 
ciated pygidium and heads of DP. richthofent Dames“ have tubercles 
over most of the surface. 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian; 4 miles east of Fang- 
lan-chén, Shan-si; and 4 miles south-southwest of Tung-yii-chén, 
Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus BLACKWELDERIA, new genus. 
Genotype.— Blackwelderia sinensis Bergeron.” 
BLACKWELDERIA CILIX Walcott. 
Olenoides ? cilia Watcorr, 1905, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIX, p. 27. 


This species is represented by numerous specimens of the central 
portions of the head, separated free cheeks, and associated specimens 


«China, Richthofen; IV, 1883, p. 24. 
b-Calymmene ? sinensis BERGERON, 1899, Bull. de la Soc. Géol. de France, 3d ser., 
XX VII, p. 500. 


574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


of the pygidium. ‘These indicate that the general form of the head 
was transversely semicircular, and rather strongly convex, and that 
the margin of the head was of medium width in front, gradually 
widening to the free cheek, where it narrows toward the base of the 
postero-lateral spine. A postero-lateral spine projects backward and 
slightly upward from a point on the margin a little in advance of the 
postero-lateral angle. Glabella truncato-conical in outline, and marked 
by three pairs of furrows, the posterior of which extends obliquely 
backward nearly to the occipital furrow; the anterior furrows are 
indicated by short, slight depressions on the edges of the glabella next 
to the dorsal furrow; they are situated so as to divide the space be- 
tween the posterior furrows and the front margin of the glabella into 
subequal spaces; a very narrow, slightly indicated, median, longitudi- 
nal ridge extends from the occipital furrow nearly to the front of the 
glabella; occipital furrow strongly marked, rounded, and about as 
wide as the occipital segment; occipital segment of medium width, 
convex, and arching forward slightly at the center; a shallow furrow 
crosses it on each side so as to outline a rounded node at each end; 
dorsal furrow rounded, rather strong at the ends, and merging into 
the broad concave slope of the frontal limb. 

Fixed cheeks about one-half the width of the glabella; they rise 
abruptly from the dorsal furrow to the base of the palpebral lobes, 
and slope rapidly from the palpebral lobes backward to the posterior 
furrow, and more rapidly to the front, where they merge into the 
concave frontal limb; palpebral lobes small, elevated, separated from 
the fixed cheeks by a shallow furrow, and situated opposite the cen- 
tral part of the head; ocular ridges indicated by depressed lines that 
extend from the anterior end of the palpebral lobes, across the fixed 
cheeks, to the dorsal furrow; postero-lateral limb about one-third the 
width of the head within the facial sutures; it is marked by a broad, 
shallow furrow within the narrow posterior margin; frontal limb 
broad, concave, and rising with a gentle curvature from the front of 
the glabella to the margin of the thickened frontal rim. 

Free cheek roughly subtriangular; it is divided into an interior, 
convex body, which rises from the furrow at its base to the small eve 
lobe at its center; the border of the head is crossed obliquely by a 
sharp ridge that extends from its inner, anterior side, backward 
to its outer side, where it forms the outer edge of a sharp spine; the 
border extends backward to the postero-lateral angle of the cheek, and 
inward to the facial suture; a strong spine originates a little in advance 
of the postero-lateral angle and extends obliquely backward. 

The associated pygidium is subsemicircular; axial lobe strong, and 
tapering gently from the front toward its rounded termination; it is 
divided by five well defined, deep transverse furrows, that cross it 
from side to side, and a sixth posterior furrow that crosses only its 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 575 


upper portion; the furrows divide the axis into five segments, or 
rings, and the subtriangular terminal portion, that slopes rapidly from 
its center to the thickened border; lateral lobes broad, convex, and 
marked by a narrow, anterior, elevated segment, which joins the 
thorax, and three strong, narrow, elevated ridges, and a small node 
terminating a fourth ridge; the ridges are separated by broad, strong 
furrows that are continuations of the furrows crossing the axis; the 
thickened border is separated from the body of the pygidium by a 
shallow groove; from the border there are backward extending spines 
on each side of the central axis, the second of which, on each side of 
the axis, is longer and stronger than the others. 

Surface of the crust of the head, free cheeks, and pygidium, and 
associated fragments of the segments of the thorax minutely punctate. 
The largest head in the collection has a length of 20 mm., with the 
same width at the palpebral lobes; the largest pygidium has a width 
of 35 mm. and a length of 18 mm., exclusive of the spines. 

Observations.—Vhe character of the frontal limb and rim of this 
species is quite like that of the type of the genus, Blachwelderia sinen- 
sis Bergeron.“ There is a difference in the surface, as there are no 
tubercles known on the surface of GL. c//iv.? On account of the gen- 
eral resemblance between the heads and pygidia of the genera Dames- 
ella and Blackwelderia we may compare species of the two genera. ” 
We find in &. sinensis Bergeron a form of head and surface somewhat 
intermediate between Damesella blackwelder’’ and BL. cilix. The sur- 
face of LB. sinensis is minutely punctate like that of B. cilix, and in 
addition it has scattered pustules of the character of those so thickly 
dispersed over the surface of ). blackwelder?. The frontal limb of 
BL. sinensis is somewhat intermediate in form between that of L. cilix 
and D. blackwelderi. Vf the border of B. sinensis were a little more 
thickened we should have the appearance of the frontal rim or border 
of D. blackwelderi. One of the specimens of 2. sinensis has a frontal 
limb and border somewhat like that of B. cclix. 

The form of the glabella of B. c/cx is similar to that of 2. stnensis 
Bergeron, but the frontal limb is much broader than in that species, 
the fixed cheeks narrower and less elevated, and the surface is appar- 
ently without granulations. 
~ Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, in a concretionary, 
ocherous limestone that may correspond to the Ku-shan shale horizon 
of the Shan-tung sections; 4 miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, 
China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


“Calymmene? sinensis BERGERON, 1899, Bull. de la Soc. Géol. de France, 3rd ser., 
XX VII, p. 500. 

b Olenoides? cilix WAucorr, 1905, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, p. 27. 

¢ Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 36. 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Genus AGRAULOS Corda. 
AGRAULOS ARMATUS, new species. 


This species is represented by a finely preserved specimen of the 
central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. The glabella 
is strongly convex, with the sides slightly converging toward the 
rounded front; it is marked by three pairs of short, obscure glabellar 
furrows close to the dorsal furrow; the occipital furrow is indicated 
by a short, scarcely discernible depression toward the side of the union 
of the glabella and occipital ring; occipital ring a little narrower than 
the glabella and extended backward into an extraordinarily strong 
spine, that is nearly as broad as the glabella to a point corresponding 
in length with the glabella; the posterior termination of the spine is 
not preserved; on the side view the surface of the glabella extends 
backward continuously with that of the occipital ring and spine, on the 
same plane; the strong backward extension of the glabella recalls some 
of the large occipital spines in some species of J/tcrodiscus; dorsal 
furrow deep, and strongly developed on the sides and in front of the 
glabella. 

Fixed cheeks about as wide as the glabella, strongly conyex, and 
merging into a convex frontal limb that is wider and more convex than 
the fixed cheeks; palpebral lobes small; a narrow, clearly defined 
ocular ridge extends obliquely backward across the fixed cheek from 
the antero-lateral angle of the glabella. 

Surface minutely granular under a very strong lens. The type 
specimen has a length of 5 mm., exclusive of the combined occipital 
ring and spine. 

Observations.—This species is most nearly related to A. (7) melie 
(p. 581) and A. acalle Walcott.¢ It differs from them in the form of 
the convex fixed cheeks and frontal limb, the presence of ocular ridges, 
the extraordinarily strong occipital spine, and in having a proportion- 
ately shorter glabella. ; 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, in brownish gray, oolitie 
limestone, LO feet above red shales of supposed Man-t’o formation age; 
4.5 miles south of Wu-t’ai-hién, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


AGRAULOS NITIDA, new species. 


This species is represented by the central portions of the head, 
exclusive of the free cheeks; the front within the facial sutures is 
strongly rounded, indicating a semicircular outline for the head, which 
was moderately convex. Glabella truncato-conical, moderately con- 
vex, and not very clearly defined from the fixed cheeks and frontal 
limb; there are no traces of glabellar furrows; occipital furrow repre- 


«Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XXIX, 1905, p. 43. 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA~— WALCOTT. 577 


sented by a slight depression at the base of the glabella; occipital ring 
very narrow at the sides, thickening rapidly toward the center so as to 
give it a subtriangular outline, the apex of which terminates in a small 
spine of unknown length; dorsal furrow indicated by the difference in 
slope of the glabella and fixed cheeks and frontal limb. 

Fixed cheeks less than one-half the width of the glabella, nearly flat 
opposite the palpebral lobes, and sloping gently downward to the pos- 
terior furrow, and tothe front to merge into the frontal limb, which is 
slightly convex; palpebral lobes about one-fourth the length of the 
head. 

Surface slightly roughened by what appears to be a minutely gran- 
ulated surface as shown by a strong lens. 

The largest head in the collection has a length of 5 mm. 

Observations. —This species is most nearly related to_Agraulos dolon 
Walcott.” The head of the latter differs in being longer in proportion 
to the width, and in having broader fixed cheeks, 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cam brian, in brownish-gray, colitic 
limestone, 10 feet above red shales of supposed Man-t’o formation age; 
4.5 miles south of Wu-t’ai-hién, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


AGRAULOS OBSCURA, new species. 


This species is represented by the central portions of the head, 
exclusive of the free cheeks. The glabella and fixed cheeks moder- 
ately convex; glabella truncato-conical, with the front margin gently 
curved, and antero-lateral angles slightly rounded; the postero-lateral 
angles are more broadly rounded and pass into the line of the posterior 
margin of the occipital ring without interruption by the occipital fur- 
row; surface of glabella smooth, with the exception of some very 
slight indications of a posterior pair of furrows; occipital furrow shal- 
low, and dying out before reaching the dorsal furrow; occipital ring 
narrow at the ends, broadening and rising toward the center to form 
the base of what may be a short spine, or a slight upward projection 
of the central portion of the posterior margin of the ring; dorsal fur- 
row of medium width and well defined at the sides and front of the 
glabella. 

Fixed cheeks narrow, convex, rising into narrow ridges that ante- 
riorly form a node or swelling where they merge into the frontal limb, 
posteriorly they slope down to merge with the postero-lateral limb; 
palpebral lobes small, somewhat elevated, and separated from the 
fixed cheeks by a shallow furrow; there does not appear to be any 
ocular ridge; postero-lateral limb about as long as the width of the 
glabella in front; it is marked by a shallow furrow within the slightly 
rounded posterior margin; frontal limb and rim in front of the 


“Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXTX, 1905, p. 45. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——37 


578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


glabella moderately convex; on each side a broad, shallow furrow 
indicates that the dividing line between the frontal limb and rim was 
about half way between the front of the glabella and the frontal mar- 
gin of the head. 

Surface apparently smooth. The type specimen of the head is 7.5 
mm. in length. ; 

Observations.—This species indicates a type that is best represented 
by Agraulos (7) melie(p. 581). It differs from the latter in not having 
a swollen frontal limb, in the absence of ocular ridges, and in having 
a smaller, flat occipital ring. From Agraulos divi Walcott“ this spe- 
cies differs in the presence of the side furrows delimiting the frontal 
limb and rim, narrower and more convex fixed cheeks, and less 
strongly marked occipital ring. 

Formation and locality.— Middle Cambrian, lower portion of oolitic 
limestone series; 4 miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


AGRAULOS REGULARIS, new species. 


This species is represented by a few specimens of the central portions 
of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. These indicate that the head 
was rather strongly convex, and semicircular in outline. Glabella con- 
vex, truncato-conical, rounded in front, and with traces of two pairs 
of short glabellar furrows that divide it into three subequal portions; 
occipital furrow narrow but clearly defined; occipital ring narrow at 
the sides, increasing slightly in width toward the center where it rises 
to form the base of a small node; dorsal furrow deep and rather broad. 

Fixed cheeks convex, rising abruptly from the dorsal furrow, the 
posterior furrow of the head, and from the anterior margin; in front 
they merge into the rounded, convex frontal limb with a trace of an 
intervening furrow and narrow ocular ridge; palpebral lobes small, 
and situated opposite the central portion of the glabella. 

Surface, under a strong lens, shows traces of being very finely punc- 
tate. The average length of three specimens of the head is 2mm. 

Chservations.—The head representing this species has the rounded, 
full fixed cheeks, and frontal limb of Agrau/os acalle Walcott,’ but it 
differs in having a proportionally shorter and broader glabella, and in 
being broader between the facial sutures. 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, Ku-shan shale horizon 
of the Shan-tung section, in a fossiliferous, brownish-gray limestone; 
4 miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


i ee 


aProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIX, 1905, p. 45. bIdem, p. 43. 


NO. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 579 


AGRAULOS UTA, new species. 


This species is based upon a single head, preserving the glabella and 
fixed cheeks, and frontal rim. It is of the same type as Agraulos (?) 
capax (p. 580), but differs in having a narrower fixed cheek, less con- 
vex and swollen frontal limb, and flatter frontal rim, The glabella is 
without traces of furrows, and the occipital ring is separated from it 
by a very shallow, scarcely noticeable transverse furrow; the frontal 
limb is rather broad and slightly swollen in front of the glabella; the 
general plane of the frontal limb and fixed cheeks is the same from a 
line drawn through the posterior end of the palpebral lobes. 

Surface slightly roughened by a fine network of narrow, slightly 
elevated, inosculating lines. The type specimen has a length of 5.5 
mim. 

formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Ki-chéu limestone, in 
brown gray, partly oolitic bed, 10 feet above red shales supposed to 
correspond to the Man-t’o shales of the Shan-tung sections; 4.5 miles 
south of Wu-t’ai-hién, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder, 


AGRAULOS VICINA, new species. 


This species is represented by three specimens of the moderately 
convex central portions of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. 
Glabella conical, convex, and without traces of glabellar furrows; 
occipital furrow transverse and clearly defined; occipital ring rather 
strong, transverse, and slightly convex; dorsal furrow rounded, of 
medium width, and clearly defined at the sides and front of the glabella. 

Fixed cheeks about as wide as the glabella, moderately convex, and 
sloping forward and slightly downward into the frontal limb; pal- 
pebral lobes small, situated opposite the central portion of the glabella; 
ocular ridges narrow, slightly elevated, and extending from the ante- 
rior end of the palpebral lobe to a point corresponding to the antero- 
lateral angle of the glabella: postero-lateral limb short, and marked 
by a shallow furrow within its posterior margin; frontal limb short, - 
convex in front of the glabella, arching slightly backward on each side 
to merge into the fixed cheeks; frontal rim broad, slightly convex, 
and separated by a shallow, slightly defined furrow at the angle formed 
by the union of the sloping frontal limb with the nearly flat frontal 
rim. 

Surface roughened as seen by a high magnifying power. The 
largest specimen in the collection has a length of 3 mm. 

Observations.—This species is characterized by its narrow, conical 
glabella, convex frontal limb that merges into the convexity of the 
fixed cheeks, and the presence of a distinct frontal rim. In the latter 
respect it approaches Ayrazlos (7) capaw (p. 580), and Agraulos uta 


580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


(p. 579). It differs widely from A. (?) capaw and less so from A. uta 
in its narrow, conical glabella, and the form of its frontal limb. 
Formation and locality. —Middie Cambrian, in a brown, oolitic lime- 
stone, near the base of the Ki-chéu Hiaecigae: corresponding to the 
lower portion of the Ch’ang-hia limestone; 4 miles south-southwest of 
Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 
Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


AGRAULOS (?) CAPAX, new species. 


As indicated by the central portions of the head, exclusive of the 
free cheeks, the head of this species is semicircular in outline, and 
moderately convex. The glabella narrows slightly from the base to 
its rounded front, which springs from the point where the ocular 
ridges pass into the dorsal furrow; the surface of the glabella is 
marked by three pairs of short, slightly impressed glabellar furrows 
that divide the glabella into a posterior, subtriangular lobe, two nar- 
row lobes, anda larger, front terminal lobe; occipital furrow rounded, 
not very deep, and sue nile wider at the sides than in the center; 
occipital ring narrow at the sides, widening toward the center where 
there is a low, small node near the posterior margin; dorsal furrow 
narrow, deep in front, and shallow at the sides of the glabella. 

F feed cheeks broad, rising gently from the dorsal furrow to the pal- 
pebral lobes; they slope oat to the posterior furrow, and, in 
front of the ocular ridges, rather rapidly to the broad furrow defining 
the frontal limb; palpebral lobe small, narrow, and passing in front 
into a narrow ocular ridge, which crosses the fixed cheek to the antero- 
lateral angle of the glabella; frontal limb separated from the glabella 
by a narrow, deep furrow, which widens out on each side; the limb is 
strongly convex immediately in front of the glabella, where it rises 
on some examples into a transverse boss; in other specimens it is not 
much higher than the general elevation of the glabella. 

Surface finely punctate under a strong lens. The head of the largest 
_ Specimen in the collection has a length of 7 mm., with a width of 12 mm. 
at the palpebral lobes. 

Observations. —This species, at first sight, might be taken for a 
broad form of Agraulos (7) mel/e (p. 581), but on closer examination it is 
seen that the glabella is nearly rectangular instead of truncato- 
conical, the fixed cheeks are more than twice the widtb, and glabella 
narrower, in specimens of the same size. The ocular ridges of A. (?) 
capax are also unlike those of A. (7) melie. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, in a brown, oolitie 
limestone, near the base of the Ki-chéu limestone, corresponding 
to the lower portion of the Ch’ang-hia limestone; 4 miles south- 
southwest of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 581 


AGRAULOS (?) MELIE, new species. 


Central portions of head, exclusive of the free cheeks, convex. 
Glabella truncato-conical, convex, about one-half the length of the 
head, and marked by three pairs of short, faintly impressed glabellar 
furrows, and a narrow, median, longitudinal ridge; occipital furrow 
transverse, rounded, shallow, and fading out toward the center of 
the glabella; occipital segment narrow at the sides, widening rapidly 
to the central portion, which is as high as the glabella at the back, 
and sloping toward the occipital furrow at the base of the glabella; a 
minute node occurs at the center of the segment; dorsal furrow 
shallow, but strongly outlined. 

Fixed cheeks narrow, elevated at the palpebral lobes, and sloping 
toward the glabella; a narrow ridge extends from the anterior, outer 
edge of the furrow on the inner side of the palpebral lobe to the 
furrow in front of the antero-lateral angle of the glabella, which 
corresponds to the ocular ridge; palpebral lobe long, narrow, and 


-separated from the fixed cheek by a narrow furrow; frontal limb 


convex, rising toa prominent boss or swelling in front of the glabella, 
from which it is separated by a strong furrow; at the sides the frontal 
limb is narrow, and merged into the narrow fixed cheeks; postero- 
lateral limbs short, narrow, and separated from the fixed cheeks ‘by a 
narrow, shallow furrow. 

Surface finely punctate under a strong lens. The largest head in 
the collection has a length of 6 mm. 

Observations.—This species is chimmmetenized by the tumid frontal 
limb, and the ridge within the palpebral lobe on the fixed cheek, a fea- 
ture found on Agraulos, but not on any of the described forms from 
China. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, in a brownish gray 
limestone corresponding to the lower portion of the Ch’ang-hia lime- 
stone; 4 miles south-southwest of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, and 4.5 
miles south of Wu-t’ai-hién, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus ANOMOCARE Angelin. 
ANOMOCARE BIGSBYI, new species. 


Of this species only the central portions of the head, exclusive of 
the free cheeks, are known. Glabella moderately convex; a glabella 
9 mm. in length has a width of 9 mm. at the base and 6 mm. in front; 
front rounded from the anterior side of the ocular ridges; surface 
marked by a pair of faintly impressed posterior furrows that extend 
obliquely backward from the dorsal furrow toward the center; a sec- 
ond pair of furrows is indicated by a smooth place on the surface; 
occipital furrow very shallow at the center, broader and slightly 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


deeper toward the sides, with a shallow pit near the dorsal furrow; 
occipital ring of medium width, very slightly convex; dorsal furrow 
shallow, but clearly indicated at the sides and front of the glabella. * 

Fixed cheeks narrow, flat opposite the palpebral lobes; they curve 
gently down toward the posterior furrow and more abruptly in front; 
palpebral lobes small, less than one-fifth the length of the head; the 
marginal rim is prominent, and passes obliquely into the low, broad 
ocular ridge which crosses the cheek obliquely to the antero-lateral 
angle of the glabella; frontal limb slightly concave, passing with very 
slight interruption into the flattened rim, the line of demarcation 
between the limb and rim being little more than the angle formed by 
the union of the sloping limb with the more nearly horizontal rim. - 

Surface minutely granular, the granules being irregularly distrib- 
uted, and rising abruptly from the general surface. A head 15 mm. 
in length has the same width at the palpebral lobes. 

Observations.—This species may be compared with Anomocare tem- 
enus Walcott,“ A. latelimbatwm Dames,’ and A. ? daulis Walcott.¢ 
From the first it differs in its broader glabella and less distinctly 
marked line between the frontal limb and rim; from the second it 
differs in a more rounded glabella, and narrower frontal limb; and 
from the third in having a more conical glabella and less concave 
frontal limb. The small palpebral lobe is like that of Anomocare 
bergiont Walcott.” It may be that the two species will be found to 
belong to another genus. 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian; 4 miles south-southwest 
of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


ANOMOCARE ERIOPIA, new species. 


The description of Anomocare temenus Walcott’ covers the principal 
features of this species. A. er/opéa differs in having a broader fixed 
cheek, less distinctly defined furrow between the frontal limb and 
frontal rim, and in the absence of a median ridge on the glabella. The 
associated pygidium differs from that of A. temenus in having a pro- 
portionately more convex axis, smaller pleural lobe, and in having the 
furrows on the pleural lobe extend nearly across the border of the 
pygidium. A. erdopia differs from A. tatian Walcott’ in its broader 
frontal limb, and more depressed frontal limb and border, broader 
fixed cheeks, and less distinctly defined glabella. 


@Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 53. 
’China, Richthofen, IV, 1883, p. 14. 

¢Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 50. 

¢ Idem, p. 47. €Idem, p. 53. J Idem, p. 53. 


Ra 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 583 


Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, near base of Ch’ang-hia 
formation in gray, oolitic series; Ch’ang-hia, Shan-tung, China. 
Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


ANOMOCARE FLAVA, new species. 


Head, exclusive of the free cheeks, quadrilateral, and moderately 
convex. Glabella slightly convex in front, becoming more convex 
toward the center, along which there is a very slightly indicated lon- 
gitudinal ridge. A glabella6 mm. in length has a width of 5.5 mm. at 
the base and 4 mm. opposite the anterior edges of the ocular ridges, 
where the rounded front begins; the posterior pair of glabellar fur- 
rows is indicated on one specimen by a slight depression, on another, 
two pairs of furrows are indicated by slight scars about half way 
between the center and the sides of the glabella; occipital furrow shal- 
low, scarcely more than indicating the line of division between the 
elabella and the occipital ring; the latter rises gently toward the cen- 
ter; dorsal furrow clearly indicated at the junction of the glabella and 
fixed cheeks, and also in front of the glabella. 

Fixed cheeks about one-third the width of the glabella, nearly flat 
back of the ocular ridges, and sloping gently downward to merge into 
the fronial limb, and backward to the posterior margin of the head; 
ocular ridges low and rather broad, they terminate at the antero-lat- 
eral angles of the glabella from whence they extend obliquely back- 
ward to merge into the palpebral lobes; palpebral lobes little more 
than one-fourth the length of the head, and rather prominent; frontal 
limb in front of the glabella is about the same width as the frontal 
rim, it is slightly convex to the base of the rather abrupt posterior 
margin of the frontal rim. : 

The surface is marked by a few minute, scattered pores, to be seen 
only by a strong lens. The largest head has a length of 12 mm., with 
the same width at the palpebral lobes. 

The associated pygidium has a broad, planulate margin, a narrow, 
convex axis, with six rings, indicated by shallow furrows, and a ter- 
minal segment; the furrows on the axis are extended out on the pleural 
lobes, disappearing on the planulate margin. 

Observations.—TVhe central portions of the head of this species ditfer 
from Anomocare temenus Walcott,” the nearest related form, in having 
a shorter glabella in proportion to its width, a tubercle or spine of 
unknown size on the occipital ring, and a smoother surface on the 
glabella. The associated pygidium is much like that associated with 
A. temenus, but differs in haying a narrower axis marked by more 
rings. 


@Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 53. 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, thin-bedded, greenish 
gray limestone interbedded in ochreous and green, argillaceous shales; 
4 miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


ANOMOCARE, species undetermined. 


This form is represented by a fragment of the central portion of a 
large head much like that of Anomocare alcinoe Walcott.“ The frontal 
limb and broad rim are similar to those of Anomocare temenus Wal- 
cott.’ It is the youngest representative of this type of Anomocare as 
it occurs near the summit of the Cambrian system in China. 

Formation and locality. —Upper Cambrian, limestone interbedded 
in green shales; 4 miles southeast of Yait-t’o, near Wue-t’ai-hién, 
Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus ANOMOCARELLA Walcott. 
Anomocarella W atcorr, 1905, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIX, p. 54. 
ANOMOCARELLA CONTIGUA, new species. 


This species is represented by an imperfect specimen of the central 
portions of the head, and numerous associated pygidia and free cheeks. 
The head differs from that of Anomocarella chinensis Walcott® in 
having a more conical glabella, with the sides converging toward the 
front, instead of being subparallel. The associated pygidium has a 
shorter axis than that associated with A. chinensis, and a broader, 
smoother border. 

A. contigua occurs at the same locality as A. chinensis, but at a 
slightly higher horizon. 

formation und locality.— Middle Cambrian, lower central portion of 
Ch’ang-hia formation, in dense, gray limestone, interbedded in green, 
nodular shale; 2 miles south of Yen-chuang, Sin-t’ai District, Shan- 
tung, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


ANOMOCARELLA IRMA, new species. 


This species is represented by two specimens of the central portions 
of the head. These indicate that the head was semicircular in outline, 
and moderately convex. Glabella prominent, convex, sides straight 
and converging gently toward the front which is broadly rounded; the 
only traces of glabellar furrows are two faint sears near the front, 
which extend from the outer margin nearly to the median line of the 
head; occipital furrow well defined, separating a rounded, rather strong 
occipital ring; dorsal furrow distinctly defined at the sides and less 
clearly marked in front of the glabella. | 


@ Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 47. bIdem, p. 53. ¢ldem, p. 57. 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 585 


Fixed cheeks narrow, aimost lost in the palpebral lobes; in front of 
the latter they extend forward and downward as narrow, convex 
ridges, merging into the frontal limb; palpebral lobes strong, about 
one-third the length of the head; ocular ridge merged into the fixed 
cheek on the back side and defined by a short, steep slope on the front 
side; frontal limb of medium width, slopiny with very little convexity 
to the narrow furrow separating the frontal limb from the relatively 
broad, flattened frontal rim; the length of the latter in front of the 
glabella is a little more than that of the frontal limb. 

Surface slightly roughened by elevated, irregular, more or less 
inosculating lines upon which numerous minute nodes occur. The 
result is that on some portions the surface appears to be finely granu- 
lose, and on others finely punctate, the interspaces between the inoscu- 
lating lines giving the punctate appearance and the nodes on the lines 
the granulose appearance. A head 4.5 mm. in length has the same 
width at the palpebral lobes, exclusive of the free checks. 

Observations.—The nearest related species is Anomocarella ? bura 
Walcott.“ It differs from the latter in having a short frontal limb 
between the glabella and frontal rim, relatively larger palpebral lobes, 
and a stronger dorsal furrow about the glabella. 

Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, limestone interbedded 
in green shales; 4 miles southeast of Yati-t’o, near Wu-t’ai-hién, Shan-si, 
China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Cems IEA CGISUNS IPS) Jsteuvl 
PTYCHASPIS BELLA, new species. 


This species is represented by a singie specimen of the central por- 
tions of the head, exclusive of the postero-lateral limbs and free 
cheeks. Glabella subrectangular in outline, moderately convex, and 
crossed by a backward arching furrow which separates a narrow seg- 
ment from the large anterior lobe, which has a length of 6.5 mm. and 
a width at the center of 5 mm.; the anterior lobe of the glabella is 
marked close to the dorsal furrow by very short furrows which indi- 
cate the second pair of glabellar furrows; the posterior transverse 
furrow is rather broad and deep at the sides, becoming somewhat 
shallower at the center; the posterior segment has a uniform width 
across the central portions, widening out at the ends in front; occip- 
ital furrow transversely rounded and rather deep; occipital ring 
transverse, slightly convex, and about the same width as the posterior 
segment of the glabella; dorsal furrow deep and strong at the sides 
and in front of the glabella. 


@Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 56. 


586 \ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XxX. 


Fixed cheeks narrow and rising abruptly from the dorsal furrow, 
nearly flat opposite the palpebral lobes; they slope abruptly down- 
ward toward the posterior furrow and toward the frontal rim; palpe- 
bral lobes narrow, rounded, and separated from the fixed cheeks by 
strong, narrow furrows; frontal rim convex, prominent, and separated 
from the glabella by the deep dorsal furrow, and from the fixed cheeks 
by a narrow, deep furrow that extends obliquely outward and forward 
from opposite each antero-lateral angle of the glabella. 

The surface of the glabella is marked by raised, irregular, more or 
less inosculating, sharp ridges, the general direction of which is trans- 
verse to the axis of the glabella; the fixed cheeks are marked by ridges 
somewhat like those on the glabella, which are subparallel to the dor- 
sal furrow and the furrow within the palpebral lobes; the ridges on 
the frontal limb are broken up into large granulations by the inoscu- 
lating furrows. A head 11 mm. in length has a width of 12 mm. at 
the palpebral lobes. 

Observations.—The general form of the central parts of the head of 
this species suggests Ptychaspis acamus Walcott.“ It differs from the 
latter in the form of the glabella in front of the transverse glabellar 
furrow, the elevated lines on the fixed cheeks instead of granulations, 
and in minor details of the occipital and glabellar furrows. 

Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, blue, dolomitic lime- 
stone, probably equivalent to the Ch’au-mi-tien limestone of Shan- 
tung; + miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus PTYCHOPARIA Hawle and Corda. 
PTYCHOPARIA COMUS, new species. 


Of this species only the central portions of two small heads are 
known. The glabella and fixed cheeks are convex; glabella convex, 
truncato-conical, and marked by three pairs of faint furrows; occipital 
furrow rather broad, rounded, and moderately deep; occipital ring 
narrow at the sides, widening gradually toward the center, where it is 
a little elevated above the plane of the glabella and not much wider 
than the occipital furrow; dorsal furrow clearly defined on the sides 
and slightly marked in front of the glabella. 

Fixed cheeks narrow, not over one-fourth the width of the glabella; 
palpebral lobes about one-third the length of the head, somewhat 
nearer the posterior than the frontal margin of the head; ocular ridge 
short, and not prominent, it terminates a little back of the antero- 
lateral angle of the glabella; frontal limb narrow, very slightly con- 
vex, and sloping downward with a well defined furrow separating it 
from the strong, rounded, thickened frontal rim; four small, shallow 


@Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 69. 


NO. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 587 


pits occur in the furrow, one strong one on each side of the center, 
and one faint one opposite the outer edges of the glabella. 

_ Surface finely granulose under a strong lens. The largest head has 
a length of 5 mm. 

Observations.—This species belongs to the forms intermediate 
between Ptychoparia and Liostracus. It is distinguished from other 
species of the Chinese Cambrian by its rounded, strong frontal rim, 
and very slightly tapering glabella, in the latter respect recalling such 
forms of Anomocare as A. butes Walcott,” A. aleinoe Walcott,’ and 
A. minus Dames,’ from the Cambrian of China. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, oolitic limestone; 4 
miles south-southwest of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


PTYCHOPARIA INFLATA, new species. 


This species is represented by two specimens of the central portions 
of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. The parts preserved indi- 
cate that the head was rather strongly convex, and semicircular in 
outline. Glabella moderately convex, with the length and width at 
the base equal; the sides converge slightly toward the rather broadly 
rounded antero-lateral angles; front nearly transverse; surface marked 
by a clearly defined posterior pair of furrows, which extend obliquely 
inward and backward, separating a subtriangular postero-lateral lobe; 
a second pair of short, lightly defined furrows occurs about one-third 
the distance between the posterior furrows and the front of the glabella; 
occipital furrow rather broad and shallow toward the center, narrower 
and deeper at the sides; occipital ring narrow at the sides, increasing 
in width toward the center where it is rather broad, and slightly 
convex; dorsal furrow clearly defined at the sides and front of the 
glabella. 

Fixed cheeks about one-third the width of the glabella, convex, 
rising from the dorsal furrow and curving over to the facial sutures 
and the furrows separating them from the palpebral lobes; palpebral 
lobes narrow, slightly elevated, and about one-third the length of the 
head; ocular ridges indicated more by the depressions in front of them 
than by their elevation above the general surface of the fixed cheeks; 
postero-lateral limb short, and marked by a broad, shallow furrow 
within the strong, rounded posterior rim; frontal limb convex, inflated 
at the center so as to form an elongate swelling somewhat similar to 
that of Agraulos(?) melie (p. 581); the line of demarcation between the 
fixed cheeks and the frontal limb is rather indefinite, the fixed cheeks 
merging into the downward sloping surface of the frontal limb; there 
is no line of demarcation to indicate a distinct frontal rim. 


@Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXIX, 1905, p. 49. 
bIdem, p. 47. 
¢China, Richthofen, IV, 1883, p. 15. 


588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xxx. 


Surface smooth to the unaided eye, and under a strong lens slightly 
roughened with what appear to be irregular, inosculating, very 
slightly elevated lines, and a few low, scattered tubercles. The type 
and largest specimen of the head has a length of 9 mm. 

Observations.—This species at first suggests Agraulos(?) melie(p. 581) 
owing to the swelling on the frontal limb, the glabella, however, is 
much broader in proportion to its length, and its furrows are those of 
Ptychoparia rather than Agraulos. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, lower portion of oolitic 
limestone series; 4 miles east of Fang-lan- chon Shan- si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


PTYCHOPARIA LILIA, new species. 


This species is represented by a single fragment of a head, preserv- 
ing the glabella, the left fixed cheek, and the frontal limb and rim. It 
is characterized by the convex glabella, marked by three short, very 
slightly indicated pairs of glabellar furrows, and the strong, rounded 
frontal rim separated from the glabella by a very short frontal limb. 

The fixed cheeks are moderately convex and marked by faint, 
obliquely transverse ocular ridges; palpebral lobes unknown; frank 
limb narrow, “slightly convex; frontal rim strong, rounded, ieee 
in front, and separated from the frontal limb by a shallow, narrow 
furrow. 

Surface formed by a network of fine, irregular, inosculating, very 
slightly elevated lines. This surface, when partially worn, has a punc- 
tate appearance owing to the shallow places between the lines. The 
type and only specimen of the head has a length of 5 mm. 

The associated free cheeks have a strong, mate broad border that 
is continued posteriorly as a strong and rather long spine. 

Observations.—This species differs from Ptychoparia (Liostracus) 
toweus Walcott“ in having a broader, stronger frontal rim, and shorter 
frontal limb. 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, Ki-chéu limestone, in 
brown gray, partly oolitic bed, 10 feet above red shales, supposed to 
correspond to the Man-t’o shales of the Shan-tung sections; 4.5 miles 
south of Wu-t’ai-hién, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


PTYCHOPARIA NEREIS, new species. 


This form is represented by several heads, exclusive of the free 
cheeks. Glabella and fixed cheeks are moderately convex; glabella 
prominent, truncato-conical, converging very gently from the base to 
the slightly rounded front; surface marked by three pairs of short, 
very slightly impressed furrows, and a very obscure, longitudinal 


Bee 


@Proec. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 83. 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 589 


median ridge; occipital furrow shallow but clearly defined; occipital 
ring nearly flat, sloping from the shallow furrow slightly upward to 
the posterior margin, it narrows at the sides to two-thirds of its width 
at the center; dorsal furrow narrow, shallow, and clearly defined at the 
sides of the glabella, in front it is little more than the angle formed by 
the union of the glabella and frontal limb. 

Fixed cheeks narrow, about one-third the width of the glabella, 
slightly convex opposite the palpebral lobes, and merging into the 
frontal limb in front of the ocular ridges, and sloping more gently 
backward to the posterior furrow; palpebral lobes narrow, about one- 
third the length of the head, and separated from the fixed cheeks by 


shallow furrows; postero-lateral limb short, and marked by a rather 


broad, shallow posterior furrow within a very narrow posterior mar- 
gin; frontal limb short, sloping down to the very narrow, slightly 
detined furrow that separates it from the nearly flat, narrow frontal 
rim. 

Surface slightly roughened, but from its condition it is impossible 
to state whether it is like the surface of Péychoparia lilia (p. 588). The 
largest head in the collection has a length of 3.5 mm. 

Observations.—The subrectangular glabella is somewhat like that 
of Ptychoparia aclis Walcott,” but the short frontal limb and flat rim 
distinguish it from the latter species. 

It is associated with Ptychoparia vesta (p. 590), from which it differs 
in the form of the glabella and palpebral lobes. 

A form closely related to this occurs about 100 feet lower at the 
same locality and section. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, lower portion of oolitic 
limestone series; 4+ miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


PTYCHOPARIA UNDATA, new species. 


This species is represented by four specimens of the central portions 
of the head, exclusive of the free cheeks. These show that the head 
was semicircular in outline and rather strongly convex. Glabella 
convex, irregularly subquadrangular in outline, it narrows slightly 
from the base toward the front; the postero-lateral angles are rounded, 
and the anterior angles more broadly rounded into the slightly curved 
front; three pairs of glabellar furrows are indicated by slight depres- 
sions that extend in from the margin about one-half the distance to 
the median line; the posterior pair extends obliquely backward so as 
to indicate oval postero-lateral lobes; occipital ring rounded and 
strongly defined, narrow at the sides, gradually widening toward the 
center, which is slightly above the plane of the surface of the glabella; 
occipital furrow narrow, rounded, distinct, and curving slightly for- 


@Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 75. 


590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


ward toward the center; dorsal furrow rather sharply defined at the 
sides and shallow in front of the glabella. 

Fixed cheek narrow, and elevated into a ridge opposite the palpe- 
bral lobe, which is separated by a narrow, curved furrow; ocular ridge 
low, narrow, and passing obliquely from the anterior end of the pal- 
pebral lobe to the antero-lateral angle of the glabella; postero-lateral 
limb narrow, about as long as the width of the front of the glabella, 
and marked by a rather strong furrow within an elevated, narrow 
posterior rim; frontal limb narrow, merging in front into the narrow, 
slight furrow produced by the union of the frontal limb and frontal 
rim; frontal rim of medium width, moderately convex, and rounding 
down to meet the frontal limb. 

Surface appears to be minutely and irregularly punctate under a 
lens of moderate power. Under a strong lens it is shown to be formed 
by a network of irregularly inosculating, raised lines, that are so 
interrupted in places as to give a granular appearance to the surface. 
The largest head in the collection has a length of 5 mm. 

Observations. —This species is most nearly related to Ptychoparia 
comus(p. 586); it differs in having a proportionately shorter glabella, and 
amore convex, thickened frontal rim. It differs from Ptychoparia 
(Liostracus) thraso Walcott“ in its shorter frontal limb and propor- 
tionally longer glabella. 

This species is associated with Ptychoparia comus and Solenopleura 
pauperata (p. 593). 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, oolitic limestone; 4 
miles south-southwest of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


PTYCHOPARIA VESTA, new species. 


Of this species the central portions of the head are known, and asso- 
ciated free cheeks and pygidia. The parts of the head preserved show 
it to have been moderately convex, and semicircular in outline. Gla- 
bella convex, not very prominent, broadly truncato-conical in outline; 
antero-lateral angles rounded, front gently curved; between the base 
and front the sides are slightly incurved at a point about two-thirds 
the distance from the base to the front; three pairs of glabellar fur- 
rows that extend about one-half the distance from the sides toward the 
center are faintly impressed; occipital furrow narrow, shallow, and 
transverse; occipital ring narrow at the sides, widening toward the 
center where the surface is on the plane of the glabella;. dorsal furrow 
narrow and clearly defined at the sides, and shallow in front of the 
e@labella. 

Fixed cheeks a little more than one-half the width of the glabella, 
nearly flat opposite the palpebral lobes, curving gently downward pos- 


4Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIX, 1905, p. 85. 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA— WALCOTT. 591 


teriorly to the posterior furrow, and rather abruptly downward to 
merge into the frontal limb; palpebrai lobes a little less than one-half 
the length of the head, narrow, and separated from the fixed cheeks 
by rather strong, curved furrows; ocular ridge low, rather strong, 
and extending obliquely forward from the anterior edge of the pal- 
pebral lobe to the side of the glabella, just back of its antero-lateral 
angle; frontal limb short, gently convex, and sloping down from the 
front of the glabella to the rounded furrow formed by its merging 
with the frontal rim; frontal rim nearly flat and rising at a low angle 
from the furrow. 

Surface smooth to the unaided eye, finely punctate under a strong 
lens. The largest head referred to this species has a length of 9 mm., 
and the specimen selected as the type, a length of 4 mm., with a width 
at the outer edge of the palpebral lobes of 6 mm. 

The associated free cheek has the same type of nearly flat rim as 
the rim in front of the glabella; this is extended at the postero-lateral 
angle into a moderately strong, sharp spine; the body of the cheek 
rises to the base of the eye lobe with very little convexity; it is sepa- 
rated from the lateral and posterior borders by a shallow furrow; the 
surface is marked by irregular lines radiating from the base of the 
eye lobe toward the furrow within the outer margin. 

The associated pygidium has a planulate border that merges into the 
slope of the pleural lobes; axis convex, about three-fourths the length 
of the pygidium, and marked by three shallow transverse furrows that 
are continued across the pleural lobes out onto the planulate margin. 

Observations.—The general form of the head of this species is much 
like that of Ptychopariaimpar Walcott.“ It differs in having a flatter 
frontal rim, less convex frontal limb, stronger glabellar furrows, and 
larger palpebral lobes. From Ptychoparia (Liostracus) megalurus 
Dames? it differs by having a more subquadrangular glabella, and 
larger palpebral lobes. 

Formation and locality. —Middle Cambrian, lower portion of oolitic 
limestone series; 4 miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


PTYCHOPARIA, species undetermined. 


This form is represented by a minute head 1.25 mm. in length. It 
has an elongate glabella of the type of Ptychoparia theano Walcott,’ 
but its palpebral lobes are Jonger than in that species. It may be the 
young of Ptychoparia aclis Walcott.” 

A small head about 2 mm. in length of about the same character as 


@Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 78. 

b Liostracus megalurus Dames, 1883, China, Richthofen, IV, p. 20. 
¢Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 82. 

a1dem, p. 75. 


592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the one mentioned above, but differing from it in having a shorter 
frontal limb, occurs in the upper portion of the Ki-chéu limestone, 4 
miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. The locality of the head 
first described is as follows: 

Formation and locality.._Middle Cambrian, in a brown, oolitic lime- 
stone near the base of the Ki-chéu formation; 4 miles south southwest 
of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


PTYCHOPARIA(?) MAIA, new species. 


This species is represented by one fairly good specimen of the centra) 
portions of the head, to which the description of Ptychoparia? bromus 
Walcott” applies, with the exception that the latter has broader fixed 
cheeks and a flatter frontal rim. /?.(?) maca also has short, strong 
ocular ridges that are not present in 2.7? bromus. 

The type specimen of the head has a length of 4.25 mm. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, in a brown, oolitic lime- 
stone near the base of the Ki-chéu formation; 4+ miles poate southwest 
of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot mAdewalder 


LIOSTRACUS Angelin, subgenus of PTYCHOPARIA. 


PTYCHOPARIA (LIOSTRACUS) INTERMEDIA, new species. 


This is a form intermediate between Ptychoparia tolus Walcott? and 
Ptychoparia (Liostracus) subrugosa (p. 592). It is represented by the 
well preserved central por.ions of the head of a single specimen. It 
differs from both of the species mentioned by having a proportionally 
shorter, broader glabella, with a strong, uniform dorsal furrow about 
it, and two pairs of less strongly indicated glabellar furrows; also 
in the details of the frontal limb and rim. 

The surface of Ptychoparia (L.) intermedia is marked by a few 
scattered, rather large tubercles and many very fine tubercles. A 
head 8 mm. in length has a width at the outer edge of the palpebral 
lobes of 9 mm., with a convexity of 2 mm. above the plane of the mar- 
gin of the he: ah 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper part of oolitic 
formation; Ch’au-mi-tien, Shan-tung, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


PTYCHOPARIA (LIOSTRACUS) SUBRUGOSA, new species. 


This species is represented by two specimens of the head, exclusive 
of the free cheeks. These portions of the head are subrectangular 


@Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 76. >TIdem, p. 82. 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 593 


in outline, strongly conyex. Glabella prominent, strongly convex, 
with its sides converging frem a width of 6.5 mm. at the base to 4 
mm, at the front, in a glabella 6.5 mm. long, exclusive of the occipital 
furrow and ring; front arched, with a shallow pit in the dorsal furrow 
where the sides and front unite; the glabella is marked by three pairs 
of shallow, rather broad glabellar furrows, the posterior pair of which 
extends obliquely inward and backward about one-third the distance 
across the glabella; occipital furrow rounded and rather deep; occipital 
ring narrow and moderately convex at the sides, gradually increasing 
in convexity and width toward the center, where a small node occurs; 
dorsal furrow strong at the sides and in front of the glabella. 

Fixed cheeks about half as wide as the glabella at its base, convex 
at the center, and sloping gently backward to the posterior furrow 
and more abruptly downward to the frontal limb; palpebral lobes 
central and small; ocular ridge rather strong, rounded, and extending 
from the anterior rim of the palpebral lobe obliquely forward across 
the fixed cheek to a point just back of the pit at the antero-lateral 
angle of the glabella; frontal limb of medium width, slightly convex, 
and passing into the rounded furrow within the rounded, strong, convex 
frontal rim. 

Surface with prominent, fine granulations over the glabella and fixed 
cheeks, with the exception of the smooth places indicating the glabellar 
furrows. A head 10.5 mm. in length has a width of 14 mm. at the 
palpebral lobes. 

Observations.—In form this species is closely related to Ptychoparda 
(Liostracus) thraso Walcott.“ It differs in having a more convex fixed 
cheek and frontal rim, and in having a granulated instead of a smooth 
surface. From Ptychoparia tolus Walcott’ it differs in having a pro- 
portionally more conical glabella, stronger frontal rim, and_ finer 
granulose surface. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, base of Ch’ang-hia 
oolite; 2.2-miles southwest of Yen-chuang, Sin-t’ai District, and in 
upper part of oolitic formation at Ch’au-mi- tien, Shan- tung, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus SOLENOPLEURA Angelin. 
SOLENOPLEURA PAUPERATA, new species. 


This species is represented by the central portions of the head, exclu- 
sive of the free cheeks and the occipital ring. The portions preserved 
show that the head was semicircular, and rather strongly convex. 
Glabella truncato-conical, rounded in front, strongly convex, and 
marked by three pairs of very short, slightly impressed furrows; the 
fragment of the eo furrow ene oe Blows it to have been 


@Proc. U.S. Nat. me EXOXGIENG, 1905, p. 85. bIdem, p. 82. 
Proc. N. M: vol. ei 95 


594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


narrow and rather deep; occipital ring unknown; dorsal furrow narrow 
and rather deep at the sides, and clearly defined in front of the glabella. 

Fixed cheeks about two-thirds the width of the glabella, convex, and 
curving gently to the front and back; palpebral lobes central and 
small; no traces of ocular ridges; postero-lateral linisb about as long 
as the width of the glabella, and marked by a sharply impressed furrow 
within a narrow, rounded posterior rim; the line of demarcation 
between the front of the glabella and the frontal rim is a rather deep, 
narrow furrow, no traces of a frontal limb being present; frontal rim 
strong, rounded, and broadly curved in front. 

Surface minutely granular, with afew larger granules scattered over 
the surface of the glabella, and a number of slightly larger granules 
scattered over the surface of the fixed cheeks. The type and only 
specimen of the head has a length of 3 mm., exclusive of the occipital 
ring. 

Vbservations.—This species is characterized by the absence of a 
frontal limb, and its broadly conical glabella, in these respects differ- 
ing from Solenopleura agno Walcott “and S. beroe Walcott.? It also 
differs from the two mentioned species by having a more finely granu- 
lated surface. 

Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian; 4 miles south-southwest 
of Tung-yii-chén, Shen-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


Genus DOLICHOMETOPUS Angelin. 


DOLICHOMETOPUS HYRIE, new species. 


This species is represented by a single specimen of the central por- 
tions of the head, and an associated free cheek and pygidium. Gla- 
bella moderately convex, with the sides slightly converging toward the 
broadly rounded front; glabellar furrows faintly impressed; the pos-_ 
terior pair extends obliquely inward and backward, obscurely outlining 
a subtriangular lobe on each side; also two pairs of short, faintly 
impressed furrows that extend in at nearly right angles to the sides 
of the glabella; occipital furrow shallow, somewhat deeper at the 
sides than in the center; occipita) ring narrow at the sides, widening 
gradually toward the center where it is of medium width, slightly 
convex, and rising but little above the general surface of the glabella; 
dorsal furrow shallow, indicated by the union of the sloping sides and 
front of the glabella with the fixed cheeks and frontal limb. 

Fixed cheeks narrow, nearly flat opposite the palpebral lobes, and 
sloping gently to the front and back; what is preserved of the palpe- 
bral lobes indicates that they were elongate, extending about one-third 
or more.of the length of the head; a narrow, slightly elevated ocular 


« Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 89. > Idem, p. 91. 


No. 1458. CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA—WALCOTT. 595 


ridge extends obliquely across the narrow fixed cheek; frontal rim 
short and nearly flat; the curved angle at the union of the fixed cheeks 
and glabella gives the impression that the frontal rim is slightly 
concave. 

Associated free cheek subtriangular, with a long genal spine. 

Surface, as seen by a strong lens, slightly roughened with minute 
granules. The type and only specimen in the collection has a length 
of 7.5 mm. 

The associated pygidium is transverse, semicircular, and convex; 
axial lobe convex, a little more than three-fourths the length of the 
pygidium, and crossed by three rather clearly defined, narrow furrows, 
that differentiate three rings and a terminal portion; the outline of 
the axis is continued by a low swelling that extends from the end of 
the convex axis to the posterior margin; the furrows crossing the axis 
curve outward and slightly backward across the pleural lobes to the 
margin of the border; they are broader than the furrows on the axis 
and separate three rather clearly defined segments from a narrow 
frontal rim and a posterior portion back of the axis; border rela- 
tively narrow, and sloping gently from the base of the pleural lobe to 
the outer margin; it arches slightly inward back of the axis. The 
largest specimen has a width of 26 mm., with a length of 14mm. A 
small specimen 15 mm. in width has a less clearly defined border, and 
in other respects resembles the pygidium associated with D. deozs 
Walcott.“ 

Observations.—This species differs from D2. alceste Walcott” in 
having a proportionately’ longer frontal rim, less distinctly defined 
glabellar furrows, and in being less convex. From other described 
species of the Chinese Cambrian it differs in having a glabella that 
narrows toward the front instead of expanding. The associated 
pygidium is much like that associated with D. deois Walcott. It 
differs in having a narrower, more clearly defined border, and more 
clearly defined furrows upon the pleural lobes. 

Lormation and locality.._Middle Cambrian, lower portion of oolitic 
limestone series; 4 miles east of Fang-lan-chén, Shan-si, China. 

Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. 


@Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIX, 1905, p. 94. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF KATYDIDS 
AND A NEW GENUS OF CRICKETS FROM COSTA RICA. 


By James A. G. Renn, 


Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 


The following new forms are contained in the collection of the U.S. 
National Museum, and form part of the Schild and Burgdorf collec- 
tion of Costa Rican insects. The author wishes to thank the officials 
of the United States National Museum for the opportunity to study 
this and other material from the collections under their charge. 


TURPILIA GRANDIS, new species. 


Type.—Female; San Carlos, Costa Rica. (Schild and Buredortf.) 
[Cat. No. 9477, U.S.N.M. | 


Fic. 1.—TURPILIA GRANDIS. LATERAL VIEW OF TYPE. (* 2.) 


Related to 7. obtusangula Brunner, but differing in the longer and 
much broader tegmina, the more curyed ovipositor,and the shorter 
caudal femora. In general appearance it closely resembles 7. punctata 
Stal of the West Indies, but that species has the metasternal lobes 
more produced and the ovipositor much larger. 

Size rather large; form strongly compressed. Head with the occi- 
put very slightly rounded; fastigium very narrow, compressed, very 
narrowly suleate except at the apex, margins raised, thickened, and 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1459. 
597 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


diverging caudad; frontal fastigium narrowly in contact with the fas- 
tigium of the vertex; eyes globose, moderately prominent; infraocular 
region with a flattened, rugulose impressed area, longer than broad, 
but of indefinite shape; antenne in length about equal to the head, 
pronotum and tegmina together, first and second joints rather large, 
remainder slender and filiform, scrobes large and extending almost 
to the level of the ventral portion of the eyes. Pronotum deplanate 
dorsad, lateral angles distinct but rounded cephalad, caudal half of the 
dorsum with a slightly depressed reniform shagreened area; cephalic 
margin arcuato-emarginate, caudal margin arcuate with a very slight 
median emargination; lateral lobes deeper than long, the margins 
rounded and with a distinct but rather shallow humeral 
sinus. Tegmina elongate-ovate, the greatest width being 
contained three times in the length, cephalic and caudal 
margins arcuate, the latter slightly more than the for- 
mer, apex narrowly rounded; mediastine vein but faintly 
indicated proximad, median vein with its forks reach- 
ing the caudal margin. Wings moderately slender, the 
greatest width distinctly less than half the length. Pro- 
ae sternum unarmed. Mesosternum with distinct trian- 

sat view or gular lobes, the caudal margin with an obtuse-angulate 

HEAD AND PRO- emargination. Metasternum with the caudal margin 

NOTUM. (xX 3.) ° . 

subtruncate, the lobes subrotundate laterad. Ovipositor 
small, broad, bent proximad, straight distad, apex acute, the margins 
serrate, the dorsal serrato-dentate. Cephalic femora armed ventrad 
with three spines on the cephalic margin; median femora armed on 
the same margin with three to five spines. Cephalic tibize slender 
except for the inflation over the auditory foramina, rounded, slightly 
depressed dorsad, but without distinct sulcation; foramina elongate 
reniform. Caudal femora not exceeding the body in Jength, moder- 
ately inflated in the proximal half, the inflation principally dorsad 
of the median line, distal portion slender, subequal; tibiz distinctly 
exceeding the femora in length. 

General color apparently apple-green, now present only on a few 
small areas, the remainder faded to dull greenish white. Cephalic 
and lateral margins of the reniform marking on the pronotum, and a 
short arcuate line at the base of the dorsal field of the tegmina, black- 
ish, the pronotal maculation generally dull olive-green. 


Measurements. 


| 
mm. 
j 


Lene th of Rody sc 22.52 eee ae ee 24.0 
Length of pronotum 2.3 eee See 5.65 
Length of, teowen'-4. 3. ee eee 37.5 
Greatest width of tezmen:. .: <2. ssc. ..... oceans 12.5 | 
Length of caudal-femunes ss 6 2 oo eee ee ee 18.2 | 
Length. of ovipositor..°- 3) 2cas.2.6 se noon eee 6.0 


The type only has been examined. 


No. 1459. KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS FROM COSTA RICA—REHN. 599 


ISCHNOMELA PULCHRIPENNIS, new species. 


Type.—Male; Carrillo, Costa Rica. (Schild and Burgdorf.) [Cat. 
No. 9479, U.S.N.M.] 

Allied to /. gracilis, but differing in the shorter tegmina and caudal 
femora. 

Size medium; form moderately elongate; surface glabrous. Head 
with the occiput very 
broadly arcuate; fastig- 


ium compressed, knife- a 

like, of moderate eleva- yy, By, 

tion, the paired ocelli at f 
ha < 

the baseandseparated by é 2 


a very slight space, apex 
very obliquely truncate, 
ventrad touching the fa- 
cial fastigium; facial fas- 
tigium moderately pro- 
duced, the apex blunt, 
ventrad occupied almost 
wholly by the median 
ocellus; eyes reniform, 


is. 


ae 


about equal to the infra- A 
ocular space in length; i 
palpi with the penulti- 
mate joint short, hardly 4 


half the length of the ter- 
minal, compressed, ex- 
cept fora rounded proxi- 
mal section, antepenulti- : F 
mate joint slightly a. & 


shorter than the terminal i f 
joint subcylindrieal, ter- ce OF 
minal joint slightly RK # 
curved, slightly larger ‘ 


distad than proximad, tip a 
slightly excavate; anten- 
ne very slender filiform, 
elongate, about three and 
one-half times the length 
of the body, proximal 
and second joint large. 
Pronotum subsellate, the 
prozona distinctly arcu- 
ate dorsad, the metazona 
slightly but distinctly deplanate; cephalic margin very slightly arcuate, 


Sein mat ins ab 


eee Bie 


hays 
ey 
i 
a 

* 

O 
ui 
AB 
Wi 

¢ 


meareannen oat 


FIG, 3.—ISCHNOMELA PULCHRIPENNIS. DORSAL VIEW OF TYPE 
(ANTENN OMITTED). (X14.) 


600 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


‘audal margin truncato-arcuate; prozona about twice the length of 
the metazona, the cephalic and caudal transverse sulci distinctly 
and the median slightly impressed, metazona with at least the caudal 
half impresso-punctate; lateral lobes longer than deep, the ventral 
margin slightly sinuate, caudal margin rounded with the sinus slightly 
marked, a slight but apparent shoulder developed on the metazona. 
Prosternum with a pair of elongate slender spines. Tegmina exceed«*« 
ing the body and about reaching the tips of the caudal femora, sub- 
lanceolate with the apex rounded, the greatest width being contained 
about four and a half times in the length; cephalic margin very 
slightly arcuate, the caudal margin straight; mediastine and ante- 
rior radial veins with numerous oblique rather regular branches 
extending to the cephalic margin; ulnar veins extending parallel to 
the caudal margin; veins of the marginal field and the network of the 


FIG, 4.—ISCHNOMELA PULCHRIPENNIS. LATERAL VIEW ©OF TYPE. (> 1}.) 


tambourine of the right tegmen coriaceous. Wings slightly longer 
than the greater width, the margin regularly rounded. ‘Terminal 
abdominal segment with a median truncate emargination; supra-anal 
plate produced, trigonal, longitudinally depressed mesad; cerci straight, 
except for an apical internal deflection, which is depressed into a 
lamellate ridge on the internal side and supplied with three distinct 
teeth; subgenital plate produced, carinate ventrad, the apical margin 
with a very deep median V-shaped emargination, styles slightly longer 
than the depth of the median emargination. Cephalic femora half 
again as long as the pronotum, very slightly larger distad than prox- 
imad; cephalic tibiz about equal to the femora in length, moderately 
inflated at the slits of the bulle. Median femora slightly longer than 
the cephalic, subequal in cireumference except for the slightly con- 


no. 1459. = KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS FROM COSTA RICA—REHN. 501 


stricted apex; tibize equal in length. Caudal femora distinctly shorter 
than the length of the tegmina, the proximal five-eighths being strongly 
_ bullate, the inflation being almost wholly dorsal, the ventral margin 
with five spines in the apical half; caudal tibiz slightly longer than 
the femora, all margins spined, the dorsal about twice as heavily armed 
as the ventral, the spines on the latter face adpressed. 

General color tawny-olive, with a touch of ferruginous on the pro- 
notum and cephalic limbs. Antenne washed with ferruginous; eyes 
drab. Tegmina with the marginal field blackish proximad fading to 
the general tint distad, the veins naples yellow, and strongly contrasted 
with the base color; anal field of the right tegmen saffron yellow, with 
the file marked with an arcuate transverse bar of brownish black. 
Wings dilute wood brown, a slightly marked yellowish suffusion proxi- 
mad. Abdomen mummy brown, touched with blackish distaa. Femore 
all striped ventrad with blackish; cephalic with two distal annuli, one 
distinct, the other faint; median marked as the cephalic; caudal with- 
out annuli. Cephalic and median tibie with several more or less dis- 
tinct incomplete annuli; caudal tibize tawny-olive, the spines darker. 
Tarsi blackish ventrad. 


Measurements. 


mn. 


Pope tlle OF; DOM Ge iteyee riers ose cla eaten ewer ese sine 37.5 
hen ehh Civ OLOn ObUOdy sees ace oeci tee see Aaaee Wise 
en eth: OR TEEMER 24 20 as eels topic cat 32.2 
| Greatest width of tegmen ............. Lee Bee 6.7 

Renpihvot caudalfenninctsn..22kioses oe. sasee 27.5 


The type is unique. 


MIMETICA CRENULATA, new species. 


Type.—Male; Turrialba, Costa Rica. (Schildand Buredort.) [Cat. 
No. 9478, U.S.N.M.] 

This species is apparently allied to J/. brunneri Saussure and Pictet, 
but ean be readily separated by the crenulato-lobate distal third of the 
caudal margin of the tegmina, the blunter apex of the same, and the 
more deeply rounded and sharply defined emarginations of the cepha- 
lic margin. As the males of several species of the genus are unknown, 
this may possibly represent the opposite sex of a species already 
known. However, none of the species known only from the female 
approach this form in the character of the tegmina except J/. swbin- 
tegra Saussure and Pictet, which is a much larger insect with a some- 
what different venation. 

Size, medium; form compressed, as is usual in the genus; surface, 
tuberculato-rugose. Head distinctly flattened cephalad; vertex hori- 
zontal; fastigium but little produced, rectangulate, longitudinally sul- 
cate; facial fastigium acute; antenne heavy, margin of the scrobes 
touching on the dorsal half of the internal margins, the fastigium of the 


ie : 


602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


vertex and the facial fastigium separated by the structure of the scrobes, 
first and second joints large, the proximal larger, the joints of the 
remainder of the antenne imperfectly marked; eyes ovoid, rather small. 
Pronotum sellate, depressed dorsad, the caudal section produced and 
expanded, surface tuberculate; cephalic margin truncate, caudal margin 


Fis. 5.—MIMETICA CRENULATA. LATERAL VIEW OF TYPE. (x 2.) 


arcuate with a rounded median emargination; lateral lobes rounded, 
about as long as deep, sinus very slight, a distinct overhanging shoulder 
present. Tegmina of the peculiar ‘‘dried-leaf” type found in all the 
species of the genus, and of a form defying description, the figure 
representing the characters satisfactorily; the regularly rounded den- 
tate character of the distal half of the caudal margin and 
the position of the large rounded emargination of the 
cephalic margin are the principal characters. Wings con- 
siderably longer than broad. Abdomen compressed, each 
of the segments with a median acute lobule on the dorsal 
margin; terminal dorsal segment roundly emarginate; 
oe supra-anal plate broader than long, the apical margin trun- 
rica crenv- cate; cerci broad, flat, acute, not exceeding the supra-anal 
bara. Zor plate in length; subgenital plate subquadrate, the caudal 
proxotum margin truncate. Cephalic femora about as long as the 
or TYPE. pronotum, the ventro-cephalic margin with four dentiform 
lobes, the proximal quite small, cephalic genicular lobes 

acute; cephalic tibie slightly longer than the femora, expanded and 
inflated at the bulle, the distal portion slender. Median femora about 
equal to the cephalic in length, armed with three similar lobes, the 
proximal quite small, increasing in size distad, genicular lobes equal in 
size and moderately acute; median tibie very slightly longer than the — 


2 
Yes a) 


no. 1459. KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS FROM COSTA RICA—REHN, 6038 


femora, inflated, strongly compressed in the proximal half with the 
entire margins acute and slightly elevated. Caudal femora nearly two 
and a half times the length of the pronotum, heavy, the proximal half 
moderately inflated, the inflation being dorsal, and the ventral margin 
nearly straight, with several short, spiniform lobes and a number of 
blunt spines; caudal tibiz slightly longer than the femora, slightly 
sinuate, the dorsal margin distinctly sinuate with several blunt spined 


tubercles on each margin. 


General color very dull, obscure, clive-green, the veins of the teg- 
mina gamboge yellow. Limbs speckled and washed with ochraceous- 
rufous, the median tibiz with the inflation uniform ochraceous-rufous. 
Abdomen pale apple-green, the margins regularly spotted with 
ochraceous-rufous. Wings cream buff-hyaline. 


Measurements. 
wii, 
LUfero Si rulial Fl 0; 015 hi 8 Ses pst See ee ee ee 20.0 
Length of pronotum ....... oe tee 
Length of tegmen......:... e280 
Greatest width of tegmen 17.5 
ene OMenwd al Tennn 2... cece ses eke aie cece oe 18.2 


The type is the only specimen seen by the author. 
SYMPHYLOXIPHUS,@ new genus. 


Allied to Anavipha Saussure and Fialeteula Rehn,’ but differing from 
both in the arched corneous tegmina with poorly defined veins; also 
from Anaxipha in the shape and unarmed edges of the ovipositor, 
and from /ulcicula in the slenderer body and limbs and the presence 
of distinct tympani on the cephalic tibie. 

This genus and species bears a wonderful resemblance to Phy//os- 
erytus brunnerianus Saussure, from which it can be readily separated 
by the nonfoliaceous palpi, the heavy depressed proximal antennal 
joint and a number of their characters. 

Type of the genus.—Symphyloxiphus magnificum. 


SYMPHYLOXIPHUS MAGNIFICUM, new species. 


Type.—Female; Carrillo, Costa Rica (Schild and Burgdorf).  [Cat. 
No. 9480, U.S.N.M.] 

Size very small; form much as in Fale/cula; surface of the body, 
except the pronotum, glabrous. Head with the occiput rounded, 
declivent cephalad; fastigium rather narrow, somewhat compressed; 
eyes large, prominent, occupying the greater part of the depth of the 
head, suboyoid in outline; antenne with the proximal joint strongly 
depressed, second joint small, cylindrical, remaining joints very short 
and smaller than the second joint, but similar in character; palpi with 


a Svugdvaos kindred, éz7@os saber. bEntom. News, XIV, p. 258. 


604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU, Xxx. 


the ultimate joint tubiform, the apex obliquely and sharply trimmed, 
penultimate joint about half the length of the ultimate, antepenulti- 
mate joint longer than the penultimate and shorter than the ultimate. 
Pronotumwell haired; 


pees margins subtruncate, 
h : the dorsum arched 
/ , ; transversely; lateral 


lobes longer than - 
deep, the ventro-ceph- 
alic angle rounded, 
the yentro-caudal an- 
gle distinct. Tegmina 
corneous, distinctly 
glabrous, the angle of 
the dorsal and lateral 
fields moderately 
marked; veins poorly 
defined and longitudi- 
nal in disposition, with 
very few distinct branches; distal margin with a distinct emargination 
slightly mesad of the vein dividing the two fields. Cerci about two- 
thirds the length of the tegmina, tapering; ovipositor reaching to the 
tips of the cerci, evenly and 


Fig. 7.—SYMPHYLOXIPHUS MAGNIFICUM. LATERAL VIEW OF TYPE. 


(SG7-) 


moderately arcuate, apexacute, 
the dorsal margin with a very = / 
slight preapical emargination, | 
margins unarmed; subgenital | 
plate moderately produced, the 
apex narrowly and triangularly 
emarginate. Cephalic — tibive 
with a distinct linear longitu- 
dinal imperforate tympanum. 
Median limbs, particularly the 
tibie, slenderer than the cepha- 


lic. Caudal femora strongly 
inflated proximad, tapering 
evenly to the slender tips; cau- 
dal tibix very slender, slightly 
longer than the femora, sup- 
plied with three pairs of spurs, 


raru » ¢ minitar Fig, 8.—SYMPHYLOXIPHUS MAGNIFICUM, DORSAL 
very long and spiniform. sPries oe ahh : 
VIEW OF TYPE. . (x 7.) 


General colors orange-rufous 
and shining blaci. Head orange-rufous with several obscure brownish 
maculations; eyes isabella-color; antenne with the proximal and see- 
ond joints black, the remainder buff; palpi buff except the terminal 


a: 


Pt eng 


no. 1459. KATYDIDS AND CRICKETS FROM COSTA RICA—REHN. 605 


joint, which is black. Pronotum orange-rufous. Abdomen and teg- 
mina shining black; ovipositor ferruginous, the distal half darker than 
the proximal; cerci buff, the tips darker. Cephalic and median limbs 
black, except the proximal half of the metatarsi, which is buffy. 
Caudal femora buff with a broad subfusiform bar of black on the 
lateral face; caudal tibie blackish, the spurs and tarsi buffy, the spurs 
with dark tips. 


Measurements. 


Men ep heOMpOdVienanwace.cce sce = een eerie oan ae a) 
Men sthiG pron ovules — = 24. 2ca-oe neat ene = es ile 
ene thon teeMmen. eas 2. See tS hee eeman ae 3 
oO 
? 


Hench or. candaltemorase. --2pceote assess oa | 
Hen St hroOVUpOsilOns sae .2 sce eee see ewes. 


= ; 


The type is unique. 


NOTES ON SOME RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE EXHIBI- 
| TION SERIES OF VERTEBRATE FOSSILS. 


| By Cuartes W. GILmMorE, 
’ Of the Department of Geology. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The purpose of these brief notes is to call attention to some of the 
more important accessions recently placed on exhibition in the court 
devoted to Vertebrate Paleontology in the U. 5. National Museum. 


A SKELETON OF RHAMPHORHYNCHUS GEMMINGI Meyer. 


One of the specimens secured especially for the Museum exhibit at 
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was a well-preserved example (No. 
9490) of that curious flying reptile, Rhamphorhynchus gemming?, 
from the lithographic limestone quarries (Upper Jurassic), near Eich- 
statt, Germany 

This is one of the few specimens in which the impressions of the 
wing membrane have been preserved. The wing in form somewhat 
resembled that of the bat, but the membrane was attached only to the 
fifth or little finger, which had an enormous development. A critical 
examination of the obverse and reverse slabs (Plates XXX and XX XI) 
shows the linear depressions along the wing bones produced by the 
folding of the membrane. The impression of the rhomboidal flap of 
membrane, which probably acted in the capacity of rudder when in 
flight, may be seen at the distal extremity of the tail. This specimen, 
when entombed in the rocks, had the wings folded, but an example of 
L. phyllurus in the Yale University museum and several specimens 
in the Bayet Collection, now belonging to the Carnegie Museum, 
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, show by the impressions that the wings were 
somewhat extended. Oneat least in the latter collection has the wings 
fully open. 

_ Mostof the bones are pneumatic—that is, hollow and filled with air, 
after the manner of birds. The eyes are protected by a ring of scle- 
rotic plates (see Plate XXX), somewhat similar to those found around 


* 


«Catalogue number of the U. S. National MuesanE: 


PRocEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1460. 


608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


the eyes of the Ichthyosaurs. The teeth are small, few in number 
and very sharp. All of the American forms are supposed to be 
edentulous. 

The remains of these reptiles occur in Europe and North America 
in rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age. Pteranodon and allied forms 
are particularly abundent in the Niobrara chalk of Kansas. 


Measurements. 


Inches. 


Lene th of sku) 5 cin 3 Sef he Se etc Be ale Sam a ope ae ee eae ena a le dt 
Leneth of tail. 9555 Se OS a eee ee ata oar 133 


Length of fifth digit: 2; 2.2.2 4.2224 ch Seco Bicec ewe ee oe vitae = seen es pee e ee ees See ee erro 18} 
Estimated expanse Of Wi0gGS; - 2 ssacie cs ot eke e ee om males ohm ess eee eee ee ee 40 


SKULL OF TRICERATOPS CALICORNIS Marsh. 


In the series of Ceratopsia remains preserved in the National 
Museum is a considerable part of a skeleton, the type of Zriceratops 
calicornis. (No. 4928).© This species was described’ by Prof. O. C. 
Marsh just prior to the removal of that part of the fossil vertebrate 
collection belonging to the U.S. Geological Survey from New Haven to 
Washington, and was based upon certain peculiarities observed in the 
nasal horn-core. 

Plate X XXII shows the skull and predentary of this animal as it is 
now exhibited. This specimen Sk. 29° 2171 “@ was collected by the late 
Mr. J. B. Hatcher from the Cretaceous (Laramie), on Lance Creek, 
Converse County, Wyoming, in L891. 

With the exception of the left parietal (of which only a small por- 
tion remains) this side of the skull is very complete. The frill and 
jugal region of the opposite side are wanting. The other parts of the 
skeleton preserved are a portion of the atlas, 11 presacral vertebrae, 
part of the sacrum, portions of both ilia, 2 pubes, quite complete, 
several cervical and thoracic ribs, and numerous fragments of the 
skull and other body elements, including many short pieces of the 
ossified tendons, so common along the backbone of Trachodon. In 
cleaning the sacrum of No. 4928 ossitied tendons were found embedded 
in the matrix, situated, as they must have been in life, in the muscles 
along the back on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebre. 
This is the first time these tendons have been found so far posteriorly 
in a member of the Ceratopsia, although their presence there had been 
suspected, 

“Catalogue number of the U. 8. National Museum. 

» American Journal of Science, (4), VI, p. 92. 
Hatcher’s original field number. 

@ Marsh’s number. 


No. 1460, RECENT. VERTEBRATE FOSSILS—GILMORE. 609 


Sk. 29 is the largest of the Triceratops skulls preserved in the col- 
lection of this museum. The principal dimensions are as follows: 

Greatest length from front of beak to back of parietal, 6 feet 5 inches. 

Greatest length from front of beak to end of occipital condyle, about 4 feet. 

Height of post-orbital horn-core, 30 inches. 

Anterior-posterior diameter of same horn-core at base, 12 inches. 


SKULL OF DICERATOPS HATCHERI Lull.a 


Plates XX XIII and XXXIV illustrate the front and side views of 
the skull of a new member of the Ceratopsia recently described? by 
Mr. J. B. Hatcher as pertaining to a distinct genus and species. 

The type, No. 2412°¢ (originally designated by the field number as 
Sk. 25), was collected about 3 miles southwest of the mouth of 
Lightning Creek, Converse County, Wyoming, by Messrs. Hatcher 
and Utterback, in 1891. 

The skull is all that is known of this animal, and when found was 
inclosed in a hard sandstone concretion. According to Hatcher, this 
concretion *‘had entirely weathered out of the surrounding sandstone 
and stood at an altitude of 5 or 6 feet above the ground, firmly 
attached beneath to another concretion. The skull stood on its nose, 
with the frill pointing upward.” 

The tips of the horn-cores and the crest of the parietals had been 
eroded away. These portions (see Plate XX XIII) have been restored 
in plaster, but otherwise the skull is very complete and but little dis- 
torted for a fossil of such robust proportions. 

The absence of a nasal horn-core and the presence of large fenestre 
on either side of the frill (see Plate X X XIII) in the squamosals consti- 
tute the essential characters upon which this genus is based. 

Doctor Lull, in a note following the description of this form, makes 
the suggestion that the openings in the squamosals may possibly be 
pathologic. While it is true that the two apertures are not symmet- 
rical, the pathologic character of the anterior border of the larger 
opening would, to my mind, account for the asymmetry of the two 
fenestre. A comparison of Hatcher’s drawing of the dorsal view (Plate 
XII, fig. 2”) with the photograph of the anterior view (see Plate 
XXXIII of this paper) shows at once that the right opening has been 
incorrectly placed in the drawing. It will also be noticed that these 


“In editing Mr. Hatcher’s Monograph on the Ceratopsia, Dr. R. 8. Lull found in 
the manuscript a description of this specimen, to which, however, no name had been 
assigned. Doctor Lull has given it the very appropriate title of Diceratops hatcheri, 
the generic name being suggested by the lack of the nasal horn, while the specific 
name serves ‘‘to commemorate Mr. Hatcher’s work in connection with this remark- 
able type.”’ 

b American Journal*of Science, XX, Dec., 1905, pp. 413-419, pl. x11, 

¢ Catalogue number of the U. 8. National Museum. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 39 


610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


fenestree (except in size, as explained above) are quite symmetrically 
placed, the distance from the lateral border being practically the same 
on either side. Although these openings occur on the unprotected 
border of the frill, it would be a remarkable coincidence for the animal 
to have been wounded in such an identical manner on both sides and in 
the places where the bone is heaviest. 

The skull, as exhibited, was prepared by the writer: 

Principal measurements.—Greatest length, 6 feet 1 inch; greatest 
breadth, 4 feet 2 inches. 


A MOUNTED SKELETON OF MASTODON. 


Of all the extinct animals none is found more widely distributed 
geographically, and probably few are better known to the layman, than 
the mastodon. It appears to be the popular belief that the mastodon 
was a very much larger animal than the elephant of to-day, but in 
reality it did not exceed the Indian elephant in size, though propor- 
tionately lower and more heavily built. The largest males rarely 
reached a height of 10 feet and the females were much smaller. 

The mastodon skeleton (No. 2106) recently placed on exhibition 
(Plate XXXV) in the U. S. National Museum is a well-preserved 
specimen of an adult female, which has been identified by Mr. F. A. 
Lucas as pertaining to the species Mammut americanum. 

‘The specimen was found in 1901 by Mr. Levi Wood in a peat swamp 
on his farm near Church, Michigan. 

After exhuming a few of the best preserved bones, the right to dis- 
inter the remainder of the skeleton was purchased by the Museum 
authorities, and Mr. Alban Stewart was detailed to complete the exca- 
vating as well as to prepare the specimen for shipment to Washington. 

It was found that, although the skeleton lay on its left side and 
apparently in good position for the preservation of all its parts, all 
of the leg bones were missing, except those of the right fore limb. 
The specimen is one of the many curious examples of the lack cf impor- 
tant bones that one would naturally expect to be present, while other 
bones that might have been lost were preserved. 

The skeleton was embedded in peat a few feet below the surface and 
immediately above an 18-inch stratum of blue clay. 

The bones recovered consist of a skull and lower jaws, 1 tusk 
partially complete and the basal portion of the other, 7 cervicals, 
17 dorsals, 3 lumbars, sacrum, 11 caudals, 30 ribs, a portion of the 
sternum, pelvis very complete, the right fore limb, and numerous foot 
bones. . 

The skeleton was first mounted by Mr. Alban Stewart, under the 
direction of Mr. Lucas, and was included as a portion of the National 


“Catalogue number of U. 8. National Museum. 


No. 1460. RECENT VERTEBRATE FOSSILS—GILMORE. 611 


Museum exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, 
Missouri, in 1904. 

The missing parts were restored in plaster, with the exception of 
the left hind limb (No. 4980), which belongs to an individual of about 
the same size and proportions from Kimmswick, Missouri. The 
restored parts are colored to resemble the bone, although the shade 
differs sufficiently to be readily distinguished. 

The skeleton at the highest point is about 7 feet 7 inches above the 
base and is 14 feet from the tip of the tusks to the tail. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXX 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SKELETON OF RHAMPHORHYNCHUS GEMMINGI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 607. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXI 


SKELETON OF RHAMPHORHYNCHUS GEMMINGI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 607. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXII 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


"809 39¥d 33S 3.L¥1d 4O NOILWNW1dx3 y¥O4 


“SINYOOITVS SdOLVYSOIY | 4O T1NMS 3HL 4O M3AlA WHYS3LV 7] 


| U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXIII 


ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL OF DICERATOPS HATCHERI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 609, 


U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXIV 


LATERAL VIEW OF THE SKULL OF DICERATOPS HATCHERI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 609. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXV 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


‘OL9 39vd 33S 31V1d 4O NOILYNW1dxa yoO4 


‘NOGOLSV|| 40 NOL31SNS GSLNNOW 


SYNOPTIC LIST OF PARAGUAYAN ACRIDIDA, OR LO- 
CUSTS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS. 


By Lawrence BruNER, 


of the L ni versity of Nebraska. 


_ The present paper is based primarily on the extensive collection 
obtained from Mr. W. T. Foster, of Sapucay, Paraguay, and now 
belonging to the United States National Museum. In addition, the 
writer has personally collected in that country, besides having pur- 
chased several small collections from that section of South America. 

To make the paper as complete as possible, Giglio-Tos’s papers have 
been consulted, and all the forms not represented in the collections 
studied have been included. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINING THE SUBFAMILIES OF PARAGUAYAN 


LOCUSTS. 

a. Claws of feet without a cushion or arolium between them; pronotum extending 
over the abdomen; tegmina or front wings lobiform _........------ TETriciIn» 

aa. Claws with the cushion or arolium present; pronotum not extending over the 

abdomen. 
b. Antenne, or feelers, shorter than the front femora, or thighs. 
c. Head short, compressed in front ---.--- PS ie os, BAe DDT EuUMASTACINE 
cc. Head greatly elongated, body apterous or subapterous......-.--- PROSCOPIN © 


bb. Antenne as long or longer than the front femora. 
c. Prosternum, or breast, between base of front pair of legs smooth; not provided 
with a tubercle, swelling, or spine. 

d. Fastigium of the vertex but little declivous, meeting the face in a more or 
less well-defined angle, the face usually very oblique. Wings, as a rule, 
Muna ala DANG: 22s 22.5 Fscce So sen~ ce ote o te senense TRUXALINE 

dd. Fastigium of the vertex rounded at its point of junction with face, the 

latter vertical or nearly so. Wings when present usually with colored 

disk and well-defined dusky band ..-........-.----------- CEDIPODINE 

.cc. Prosternum, or breast, between base of front pair of legs laminately elevated 
in front, tuberculate or spined. 

d. Foveolz of the vertex above, contiguous, forming the apex of the Be phe: 
Rather clumsy insects, usually without or with ubbreviated wings, but 
occasionally with these appendages complete... .--- -...- PYRGOMORPHINE 

dd. Foveole of the vertex lateral, never forming the apex of the vertex, often 

closed behind or entirely wanting. Prosternum distinetly spined or 
tuberculate. Wings variously formed_......--...--:-:-----/ A CRIDIIN 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1461. a 


614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Subfamily THTTIGIN 4“. 


The grouse locusts are especially numerous in the Tropics, but on 
account of their small size and inconspicuous colors are rarely collected 
except by specialists. A feware at hand and others have been reported 
upon as coming from Paraguay. The two forms herewith described 
as new are characterized by Dr. J. L. Hancock, to. whom they were 
submitted for study. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA. 


a. Front thighs more or less carinated above; front margin of pronotum in middle 
not advanced upon the back of head. 

b. Body, even of the female, quite slender, the apex of pronotum greatly extended 
beyond the tip of humid ‘femora 2222 os 2525 ae ee Nephele Bolivar 
bb. Body in both sexes obese, the apex of pronotum not at all or but little extended 
beyond the tip of hind femor.......... Apotettix Hancock, Paratettix Bolivar 
aa. Front thighs not compressed, rather broadly and distinctly grooved; front margin 

of pronotum in middle angulate or more or less advanced upon the occiput. 
b. Vertex in front terminating in oblique carinze; frontal costa rather broadly 
SUL Cate Sirs Cee SS eee ee es eee Tettigidea Scudder 

bb. Vertex in front not carinate; frontal costa very narrowly suleate. 

Batrachidea Serville 


NEPHELE Bolivar. 


NEPHELE ASMODZUS (Serville). 


Tetrix asmodzxus SERVILLE, Hist. Nat. Orthopt., 1839, p. 760. 
Nephele asmodeus Boutvar, Essai Tettigidee, 1887, p. 79. 


Habitat.—This insect is credited to Asuncion, Paraguay. by Bolivar. 
= i) ry 
NEPHELE GRACILIS Bruner. 


This insect, according to Doctor Hancock, belongs to the genus Para- 
tettix und comes near to P. caudatus (Saussure). It occurs at Asuncion. 


APOTETTIX Hancock. 


The representatives of this genus fall between Ze¢tiv and Paratettia. 
They differ chiefly in the structure of the vertex and in having the first 
joint of the hind tarsi decidedly longer than the third. The following 
description was drawn up by Dr. J. L, Hancock, to whom the species 
is to be credited: 


APOTETTIX BRUNERI, new species (Hancock). 


Characters.—Male, body scabrus subtuberculate; “aoderately robust; 
ferrugineous, with the tibiz more or less lightly bianulate with fus- 
cous, tarsal apices of the same color. Head well crowded under the 
pronotum to the eyes, not at all elevated or exserted. Vertex short, 
nearly twice the breadth of one of the eyes; median carina distinct, little 


“Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XV, 1900, No. 377, p. 3. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 615 


elevated anteriorly and produced; on either side between the eyes 
shallowly fossulate, but only lowering the vertex very little below the 
level of the eyes. Eyes small and globose. Frontal costa widely 
suleate, the rami evenly divergent forward to the median ocellus, con- 
vexly produced between the antenne. Pronotum anteriorly truncate, 
posteriorly subulate, extending backward beyond the hind femora a 
distance equal to about half their length; dorsum rugose-scabrus, 
subtuberculose, rather wide between the shoulders, lightly convex, 
and behind the shoulders little flattened; humeral angles distinct, 
widely angulate and carinate; anterior carine abbreviated being barely 
shorter than the eyes; median carina of pronotum percurrent, in front 
of the shoulders arcuate subdepressed; the posterior angles of the 
lateral lobes very little angulato-laminate outward, and obliquely trun- 
cate behind; elytral and posterior sinuses nearly equal in depth. 
Elytra oval; wings caudate, passing the pronotal process. Anterior 
femora compressed, the superior carinz convex, the lower margin 
undulate; breadth of middle femora equal to about one-half that of its 
length, carine strongly compresso-carinate, above and below little 
lobate; posterior femora stout, the margins arcuate, minutely serru- 
late; posterior tibix plurispinose, canthi minutely serrulate; the first 
article of the posterior tarsi distinctly longer than the third, the first 
two pulvilli equal in length and acute, the third little longer and flat 
below. Total length of body 10.2 mm.; pronotum 8.5 mm.; posterior 
femora 4.5 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9754, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Paraguay, January 25, 1901. 

This species is distinguished from the other members of Apotettir 
by the broader vertex, the more scabrus dorsum and the subproduced 
obliquely truncated posterior angles of the lateral lobes of pronotum. 


EY NIU INADA ID ISxollngener 
PARATETTIX SCHOCHII Bolivar. 


Paratettix schochii Boutvar, Essai Tettigidee, 1887, p. 100. 


This insect is credited to Asuncion, Paraguay, by Giglio-Tos. It is 
quite possible, however, that this is an error and another insect is 
referred to. 

PARATETTIX BORELLII Giglio-Tos. 


Paratettix borellii Grauio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 302, 


p. 28. 
Paratettix toltecus Giaui0-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p- 0. 


Habitat.—Very common throughout middle Argentina and north- 
ward. Quite likely also occurs in Paraguay, though no specimens are 
at hand from that country. 


616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


PARATETTIX CNEMIDOTUS (Burmeister). 


Tetrix cnemidota BurMEIsTER, Handb. Ent., I1, 1838, p. 659. 
Paratettix cnemidotus Boutvar, Essai Tettigidee, 1887, p. 100. 

Llabitat.—This Brazilian insect, so thinks Giglio-Tos, has been taken 
in the Province of Jujuy, Argentina. It no doubt occurs as well in 
Paraguay, since most of the representatives of this subfamily enjoy 
a rather wide distribution. 


PARATETTIX CAUDATUS (Saussure). 


One female labeled simply *‘ Paraguay,” January 25, 1901, and two 
females and a male, from Sapucay, Paraguay. W. T. Foster, collector. 


TETTIGIDEA Seudder: 
TETTIGIDEA MULTICOSTATA Bolivar. 
Tettigidea multicostata Bouivar, Essai Tettigidee, 1887, p. 125. 


HHabitat.—This species is represented by specimens coming from 
Sapucay, where they were taken by W. T. Foster. It is also known 
to occur quite commonly throughout northern Argentina and southern 
Brazil (Bolivar, Giglio-Tos). 


TETTIGIDEA GRACILIS Bruner. 
Tettigidea gracilis BruNrR, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 17. 


Habitut.—A single specimen, the type, of this insect is at hand. It 
was taken on the steamer near the borders of Paraguay by the writer. 
It is evidently a native of that country as well. : 


BATRACHIDEA Serville. 
BATRACHIDEA FI AVONOTATA Bolivar. 


Batrachidea flavonotata Bottvar, Essai Tettigidee, 1887, p. 126. 
Habitat. Asuncion, Paraguay. Possibly the same as the following 
species, described by Hancock: 


BATRACHIDEA NOTATA, new species (Hancock). 


Characters.—Male, body granulose, ferrugineo-fuscous, lateral lobes 
and lower portion of face similarly colored, legs pale. Vertex equal 
to one of.the eyes in breadth, distinctly flattened and nearly on a level 
with the eyes, narrowed forward, the front margin truncate, on either 
side with minute abbreviated, rounded carine, mid-carina vestigial and 
minutely elevated anteriorly. Eyes subglebose. Frontal costa nar- 
rowly compressed, facial contour depresso-convexed, very little pro- 
duced, not at all sinuate. Pronotum anteriorly strongly spiniform 
produced, posteriorly the apical process abbreviated acute, not extended 


No. 1461. ~ LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 617 


front margin distinctly convergent backward, in length not quite equal 
to that of the eyes, median carina percurrent, substraight, little com- 
presso-elevated, behind the spine anteriorly as far backward as the 
sulci distinctly compressed, and barely elevato-arcuate forward. Elytra 
elongate, acuminate forward, widest near the apex, and presenting alarge 
oval pale macula, occupying about a third of the elytral area posteri- 
orly (probably smaller in the female); wings undeveloped. Femoral 
margins entire, posterior femora stout, the superior margin arcuate, 
the antegenicular denticle acute; posterior tibiew plurispinose, the 
canthi minutely serrulate and little expanded toward the apex; the 
first article of the posterior tarsi with the third pulvilli barely longer 
than the first and second and straight below. 

Total length of body, 9 mm.; pronotum, 6.5 mm.; posterior femora, 
5mm. 
Type.—Cat. No. 9755, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay. W. T. Foster, collector. 


Subfamily HUMASTACIN 2®. 


No specimens of this group are at hand, but the following-named 
genera and species are known to occur in the region covered by the 
present paper: 

TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA. 


a. Fastigium of the vertex very narrow, scarcely or not at all projecting in advance 


REERUIM HENCE este mr IS guns Nieto ce oy thett St eee Sot pie ee Se oS Eumastax Burr 
aa, Fastigium of the vertex wider and more or less projecting in advance of the 
CES Gace SES asts Go Sunn So Bea a ee ee Masyntes Karsch 


EUMASTAX Burr. 


This generic name has recently been suggested by Malcolm Burr“ 
in place of Mastax Perty, which had been used several years before 
in Coleoptera. This being the typical genus of the subfamily necessi- 
tated the changing of that name also. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Apex of the vertex above the eyes, when viewed from the side, not visible. 
Tegmina and wings fully developed. Posterior femora ‘irregularly black 
‘spotted REN epee eee ag anne eee! ED oS) ls NS eae IAS pardalina Burr 

aa. Apex of the vertex above the eyes when viewed from the side plainly visible. 
Deflexed lobes of the protonum with the anterior angle obtuse. .versicolor Burr 


EUMASTAX PARDALINA Burr. 


Eumastax pardalina Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 51. 


This insect .was described as coming from Paraguay. 


@ Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, X X VIII, 1899. 


618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


EUMASTAX VERSICOLOR Burr. 


Eumastax versicolor Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 54. 


This is also a Paraguayan species. 


MASYNTES Karscech. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Tegmina lobiform, elliptical, the apex broadly rounded. Pronotum truncate 
behind, the middle minutely notched -..................--- borellii Giglio-Tos 

aa. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed. Pronotum rounded behind, the middle 
not notched. <2. 254.20 22642 255 ee eee tigris Burr 


MASYNTES BORELLII Giglio-Tos. 


Masyntes borellii Giauio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 302, 
De Lie 
It has been taken at San Pedro, Paraguay. 


MASYNTES TIGRIS Burr. 
This is also recorded as coming from Paraguay. 
Subfamily PROSCOPIN 2%. 


As indicated in the table for determining the subfamilies of Para- 
guayan locusts, it will be seen that the insects belonging to this sub- 
family are rather long, wingless, and resemble to a certain extent the 
different species of walking sticks, or stick insects. Thus far there 
have been reported as coming from this region but four species. A 
number of others should be added. They belong to the two genera 
that may be separated by the accompanying table. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA, 


a. Pronotum cylindrical, not separated from the prosternum by longitudinal lines. 
Body comparatively heavy in the female; antennz nearly as long or a trifle 
longer than: the:vertex.<= 225.22 33s eee Tetanorhynchus Brunner 

aa. Pronotum more or less flattened from above, divided from the prosternum by a 

longitudinal line. Body long and slender even in the female; the vertex in 
both sexes advanced beyond the tip of the antenne. ..-- Cephalocema Serville 


TETANORHYNCHUS Brunner. 
TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Rostrum of the female distinctly shorter than the remainder of head, attenuated 
toward the apex ..:.2. 5.2/2. 525 oo see ee eee humilis Giglio-Tos 

aa, Rostrum of the female distinctly longer than the remainder of head. 
b. Rostrum with the apex strongly clavate, posterior tibizs armed above with 
14-22 spines on the inner and outer rows.-......---------- borellii Giglio-Tos 
bb. Rostrum attenuate toward the apex. Posterior tibixe armed above with 13 
spines on the inner and outer rows.........-...------ angustirostris Brunner 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 619 


TETANORHYNCHUS HUMILIS Giglio-Tos. 


Tetanorhynchus humilis Giauio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Torino, XII, No. 302, p. 18 (1897). 
Habitat.—San Lorenzo, Province of Jujuy, and northward and east- 
ward. (Giglio-Tos.) 
TETANORHYNCHUS BORELLII Giglio-Tos. 


Tetanorhynchus borellii Giau10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Torino, No. 302, p. 18 (1897). 
Habitat.—Same localities as the preceding, and likewise Bolivia. 


(Giglio-Tos. ) 


TETANORHYNCHUS ANGUSTIROSTRIS Brunner. 
Tetanorhynchus angustirostris BruNNer, Verhandl. d. k. k. Zool. bot. Ges., 
XX XIX, p. 107 (1890). 
Habitat.—San José, Argentina. (Brunner.) Possibly also from 
Paraguay. 


CEPHALOCCEMA Serville. 
CEPHALOCCGEMA COSTULATA Burmeister. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 1. 


The collection contains several specimens of both sexes of undoubted 
« costulata, which were taken at Sapucay by W. T. Foster. It has also 
been previously reported by Brunner and Giglio-Tos as occurring in 
Paraguay. 
CEPHALOCCMA CALAMUS Burmeister ? 


The collection contains several specimens, both males and females, of 
an insect which runs to ca/amus in Brunner’s synoptic table, but which 
are too small by about 10 mm. (female) and 30 mm. (male). An exami- 
nation of their sexual appendages points to maturity. Should this 
insect prove to be distinct from calamus, the name burmedsteri is 
proposed for it. The following brief diagnosis will show wherein it 
differs from that species as characterized by Burmeister: 

Abdomen in some specimens showing faint costee; pronotum weakly 
granulose; antenne shorter than (female) or considerably longer than 
(male) the rostrum; the latter about equal to, in female, or about two- 
thirds as long, male, as the rest of head, its apex blunt and gently 
depressed or curved downward. Hind femora with 13 or 14 spines 
in outer row. 

Length of body, male 60, female 94; of head, male 8, female 16; of 
rostrum, male 3, female 8.5; of pronotum, male 10.5, female 17; of 
hind femora, male 21, female 29; of anterior femora, male 7, female 
10 mm. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, January to March. W. T. Foster, 
collector. 


620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. - 


CEPHALOCCEMA TERETIUSCULA Brunner. 
This insect is also credited to Paraguay.@ 
CEPHALOCCMA, species. 


A fourth species of this genus is represented by a single nymph 
which was taken by the writer during the month of September at San 
Bernardino. It is a rather robust form with short, stout legs, and in 
which the rostrum of the vertex is broad, sulcate, evenly tapering, 
and longer than the rest of the head. The hind tibiz are provided 
with 17 spines on the inner and 19 on the outer upper margin and 
below with a few minute ones on the outer edge. The pronotum and 
abdomen above are furnished with longitudinal costz in the fashion of 
costulata. ' 

Several additional species are liable to occur in Paraguay. Those 
the habitat of which is known and would permit of this are also 
included in the following synoptic table: 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Rostrum of the vertex scarcely as iong as or but little longer than balance of 
head. Pronotum punctulate or smooth. Tibize above on both sides with not 
more than 16 spines. 

b. Rostrum of the vertex much shorter than the remainder of head. Abdomen 
S-tidged of: i ee ae ee costulata Burmeister and burmeisteri Bruner 
bb. Rostrum of the vertex distinctly shorter than or but little longer than 
remainder of head. Abdomen not 5-ridged. 
c. More robust; rostrum pyramidal, acuminate, viewed from the front narrowly 
lamellate. Antenne of female greatly surpassing the rostrum. 
borellii Giglio-Tos 
cc. More slender; rostrum with the sides parallel. 
d. Rostrum linear, obtuse, viewed frem the front narrowly cruciform. 


Antennze of female a little surpassing the rostrum --.-caizana Giglio-Tos 
dd: Rostrum quadrangular, obtuse, as long as (female) or longer (male) than 
the rest. of head: 2. 22 ot Sees ee calamus Burmeister 


aa. Rostrum much (two or more times) longer than the remainder of head. 
}). Pronotum longer than the head. 
c. Pronotum with the anterior margin not tuberculate. 
d. Rostrum less than twice the length of remainder of head, moderately 


dilated toward the mpexs. 22es0 tlk: ae eee obtusa Giglio-Tos 

dd. Rostrum fully twice as long as remainder of head, strongly dilated toward 
the. apex : - seen So eh Se eee eee er magna Giglio-Tos 

cc. Pronotum with the anterior margin bituberculate....---- gigantea Giglio-Tos 


bb. Pronotum shorter than the head. 
c. Rostrum less than four times as long as remainder of head. 
d. Rostrum a trifle more than twice as long as remainder of head; the ante- 


rior femora about two-thirds as long as pronotum. . . .teretiuscula Brunner 
dd. Rostrum three times as long as remainder of head; the anterior femora 
a trifle longer than the pronotum.................-- lancea Burmeister 


cc. Rostrum more than four times as long as remainder of head. 
lineata Brunner 


“See Monog. Proscop., p. 32. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 621 


Subfamily TRUXALIN 24%. 


The insects belonging to this subfamily are much more numerous 
than are those of any of the preceding subfamilies; and, in some 
instances, become sufliciently numerous to be classed as fon uctive. 
The genera named in the following table are known to occur in Para- 
guay. Two of these genera are herewith described for the first time, 
while a few of the species are also made known to science in this paper. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA. 


a. Foveole of vertex below or absent. Face usually very oblique. 


py 


6. Antenne with the joints depressed, more or less ensiform. 
c. Wings of male more or less broadly fenestrate. 

d. Sides of the fastiginm strongly rounded, the apex not ac uminate. Tegmina 
acuminate or decidedly obliquely truncate. Posterior femora with the 
apical angles horizontally produced, acuminate. 

e. Head conical, face moderately oblique. Fovyeols of the vertex indistinct, 
triagonal. 
Jf. Vertex longer than the eyes. Tegmina of male broader than the length 
of the pronotum. Wings of male very broadly fenestrate. 
Hyalopteryx Charpentier 
. jf. Vertex shorter than the eyes. Tegmina of male narrower than the 
length of pronotum. Wings of male less broadly fenestrate. 

g. Tegmina obliquely truncate at apex; wings hyaline and more or less 
infuscated. Pronotum with the lateral carinze continuous uninter- 
rupted. 

in barser) general eolor oréen’ 2 S22 et je Se ec Truxalis Linneeus 

hh. Smaller, general color testaceous or ferruginous ...-. Orphula Stal 

gg. Tegmina acuminate, wings tinted with dilute red. Pronotum with 
the lateral carine interrupted.............--.. Hutryxalis Bruner 

dd. Sides of the fastigium straight or but gently rounded, the apex more or 

less acuminate. Tegmina broadly rounded or somewhat truncate. Pos- 

terior femora with their apical angles roundly deflexed. 
e. Fastigium of the vertex above depressed; without a longitudinal carina. 
J. Lateral carinze of pronotum more or less converging near the middle. 

The sides of pronotum compressed; tegmina and wings fully de- 

veloped. ° 

g. Wings tinted with yellowish-brown; the tegmina rather broad, their 
apex somewhat obliquely truncate ..........-- Parorphula Bruner 

gg. Wings transparent or infuscated, the tegmina narrower, their apex 

rounded. 

h. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes distinctly longer than 
wide. Head and pronotum subequal in length. Frontal costa 
distinctly sulcate throughout. Front greatly oblique. Lateral 
carinz of pronotum subparallel in advance of the posterior 
Ri ecm meeet  . osS hate os a Orphulina Giglio-Tos 

hh. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes about as wide as long. 

Head shorter than the pronotum. Front less strongly oblique. 

Frontal costa scarcely suleate below the ocellus. Lateral 

carinze of the pronotum divergent or arculate in advance of 
Bmeeatitculedcs: 92. ok 2 a 2 ce Orphulella Giglio-Tos 

Jf. Lateral carinze of pronotum not converging near the middle. The 
sides of pronotum not compressed. Tegmina and wings usually 
mipresor Jeesabbreviated _.. 1... c.ceeec lee ean Dichromorpha Morse 


622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


ee. Fstigium of the vertex above rounded, provided with a logitudinal 


carina. 
jf. Wings with the anterior ulnar vein branched at base. Antenne long, 
clavate in the male. Wings red and black.-._-.-- Toxopterus Bolivar 


J. Wings with the anterior ulnar vein not branched at base. Antennz 
long, not clavate in male. Wings hyaline, more or less tinted with 
carmine at base.¢ + 2c-2 2: =a- eee eee eee Fenestra Brunner 

cc. Wings of male not fenestrate, the radial veins not incrassate and constricted 
on apical third. Pronotum with lateral carine gently diverging posteri- 
orily; and with a pair of supplemental carinze on disk. Antenne sub- 
ensiform. |‘ Front strongly-obliqne’ 222222 -- 52 =- ese eae Sinipta Stal 
4). Antenne filiform. Lateral carinz of pronotum parallel; supplemental carinz 
alieemtts 2 ooo lt eS a eee Amblytropidia Stal 
aa. Foveole of vertex visible from above, always present. Face usually more 
nearly vertical than in the alternate category. 
}. Inver apical spurs of hind tibize subequal in length. Antennze, at least of male, 
nearly or quite as long as hind femora. 
c. Wings colored. Basal joints of antennze depressed. Lateral carinze of pro- 
notum converging toward the middle. Tegmina‘without trace of intercalary 
VON .c% «sug oe 6 BER ee ae eee ee Dichroatettix Bruner 
ce. Wings transparent. Basal joints of antennze not depressed. Lateral carinz 
of pronotum nearly parallel. Tegmina with the intercalary vein more 
or less plainly developed. 

d. Pronotum provided with lateral carinz, which are interrupted in the mid- 
dle. Valves of the ovipositor of normal type. . ..Staurorhectus Giglio-Tos 

dd. Pronotum entirely without lateral carine. Valves of the ovipositor very 

| 0} 00 61 teeter eins fo at ech SE Se ee aes ate ey Amblyscapheus, new genus 
bb. Inner apical spurs very unequal in length. Antennze of neither sex anywhere 
near as long as hind femora. 
c. Lateral foveole of the vertex well developed, once and a half to twice as long 
as broad. 

d. Lateral carinve interrupted in the middle, strongly divergent both in front 
and behind. The inner claws of hind tibize fully twice the length of the 
outer one. Wings of female fully developed.....--- Stirapleura Scudder 

dd, Lateral carinz of the pronotum not interrupted, but gently divergent in 

front and behind. Inner claws of hind tibize less than twice the length 
of outer. Tegmina and wings of the female abbreviated. 
: Meloscirtus, new genus 
cc. Lateral foveole of vertex obscure, linear. Lateral lobes of pronotum with- 
out raised line or carina. 

d. Larger. Lateral carinze of pronotum more or less interrupted between 
anterior and posterior sulci; diverging strongly anteriorly and _poste- 
Tiorily j.-..2<2eeSlc. se eee eee eee Plectrotettix McNeill 

dd. Smaller. Lateral carinze of pronotum but little or not at all interrupted; 

divergent; but little 42 Saes= Sa eee Euplectrotettiz Bruner 


HYALOPTERYX Charpentier. 


The genus //yulopteryx of which 7. rufipennis Charpentier is the 
type, occurs in the southern part of tropical South America, where it 
is represented by several species. 

The material collected by W. T. Foster, at Sapucay, contains 5 males 
and 10 females of this genus. Instead of agreeing with HZ. rufipennis 
they differ from Charpentier’s description and figures in a number of 


s 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 623 


respects, and are described herewith as new. <A second species or 
possibly the AZ. énterrupta Brunner from Sao Paulo, Brazil, is also 
characterized in the subjoined synoptic table, as also species described 
by each, Malcolm Burr and Giglio-Tos. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Disk of hind wings red or rufous. 
| b. Tegmina of male much wider in their broadest part than the length of the 
| pronotum; in the female acuminate. 
| c. Hind femora without lamellate prolongations at the apex above. Colored 
| portion of wings uniform red or reddish .........-.- rufipennis Charpentier 
ce. Hind femora provided with lamellate projections at their apex, the one on 
inner side more than twice as Jong as the outer. Colored portion of wings 
much darker externally so as to form a conspicuous arcuate band. 
interrupta Brunner ? 
lamellipes, new species 
bb. Tegmina of male no wider than the length of the pronotum; in the female 
SUbaGuimimate a2 27822222 22222 t..---.-----------specularis, new species 
aa. Disk and anal area of hind wings subhyaline or yellow. 
b. Larger. Wings clear yellow; the anterior field broadly dilated and fenestrate 
TAMIR ELL CBee esr ts ices sees sere Je seek EN Uh es See ae cai exaggeratus Burr 
bb. Smaller. Wings subhyaline; the anterior field in male but little dilated. 
gracilis Giglio-Tos 


HYALOPTERYX RUFIPENNIS Charpentier. 


Hyalopteryx rufipennis CHARPENTInR, Orthopt. Descr. et Depict., 1853, pl. xvt. 
Charpentier simply gives Brazil as the habitat of his species. It 
may also occur in Paraguay. 


HYALOPTERYX INTERRUPTA Brunner? or HYALOPTERYX LAMEL- 
LIPES, new species. 


There are before me as I write several specimens of a species of this 
genus that possess the characters given at cc in the synoptic table. 
They come from Sao Paulo, Brazil, which is in the same general region 
as Paraguay. 

Bang Haase lists Hyalopteryx interrupta Brunner in one of his cata- 
logues. I have been unable to discover the place of publication of this 
species, hence do not know whether it is the same as /amellipes. It also 
belongs to the same general region. 


HYALOPTERYX SPECULARIS, new species. 


Pale flavo-testaceous to bruneo-testaceous, the tegmina more or less 
strongly and regularly conspersed with fuscous. The hind wings, 
especially in the males, showing traces of a deeper red band beyond 
the middle. 

Body compressed, rather slender. Head about the same length as 
the pronotum; the*vertex gently ascending, as long as the eyes, 
broadly rounded in front, convex in the middle, and provided with a 


624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


prominent longitudinal carina; frontal costa prominent between the 
antennx, greatly contracted above, sulcate throughout except at the 
narrowest place at upper end, the sides parallel to the transverse facial 
groove below the ocellus, below this gently and evenly divergent. 
‘ace viewed in profile gently hollow. Antenne broadly (female) or 
narrowly (male) ensiform, as long as the head and pronotum combined 
in the male, but considerably shorter in the female. Sides of pronotum 
nearly parallel, provided with four or five well-defined longitudinal 
ridges; lateral carinse prominent as faras the second transverse sulcus 
where they divide, one part continuing as the carina, while the other 
forms a supplementary carina near the sides of the disk and to the 
hind extremity; median carina strong, especially on the front lobe, 
cut about the middle by the last transverse sulcus; front edge straight, 
hind margin obtusely angulate. Tegmina extending beyond the apex 
of abdomen as well as the tips of hind femora in both sexes, of moder- 
ate width and bluntly acuminate in the female, in the male about as 
broad at their widest part as the length of the pronotum, also some- 
what acuminate at apex. Wings much shorter than the tegmina, the 
anterior field of the male with a broadly rounded and heavy front bor- 
der made up of three heavy veins separated by two series composed of 
numerous short transverse parallel veinlets; the speculum moderately 
broad and occupying about one-fourth of the entire wing, separated 
into sections by 8 cross-veins. Hind femora somewhat longer (male) 
or about reaching (female) the tip of the abdomen, their apices on each 
side above produced into short acute lamelle of about equal length. 
Hind tibize provided with about 15 spines in outer row. Subgenital 
plate of male abdomen acute, straight, about twice as long as its basal 
width. Valves of ovipositor short and blunt. 

General color dull testaceous, inclining to brownish, the sides of 
head, back of eyes, and pronotum along lateral carine to hind margin 
with a piceous or dark brown band that continues for a short distance 
on the basal portion of the discal field of tegmina. The latter also 
provided with a few small black or dark brown discal spots basally and 
beyond quite generally and regularly conspersed with brown; at the 
extreme base on the hind margin with a small triangular red patch. 
Wings with the anterior field testaceous and fuscous, except the spec- 
ulum, which is colorless; basal half of radial field vermillion, crossed 
beyond by a rather broad band of claret, the apical portion and a nar- 
row space adjoining the speculum smoky hyaline, with dusky veins; 
in the female the greater portion of the wing is vermillion with the 
principal longitudinal veins and many of the transverse veinlets of the 
anterior field brown or black, the apical fourth and outer part of what — 
corresponds to the speculum in the male smoky hyaline. Face, sides — 


of head, pronotum, pleura, and abdomen sparsely conspersed with — 
black dots. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 625 


Length of body, male, 27, female, 37; of pronotum, male, 4.95, 
female, 6.75; of tegmina, male, 22.5, female, 30; of hind femora, mala 
14.5, female, 19; of antenne, male and female, 10-13 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9728, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, in December. 


HYALOPTERYX EXAGGERATUS Burr. 
Hyalopteryx exaggeratus Burr, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, Pt. 2, p. 183. 


This insect comes from the adjoining parts of Brazil and Bolivia. It 
may be found in Paraguay as well. 


HYALOPTERYX GRACILIS Giglio-Tos. 


Hyalopteryx gracilis Gicui0-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 302, XIT, 
1897, p. 22. 
This species was described from the Bolivian Chaco which borders 
on Paraguay. It is therefore likely to be found in Paraguay as well. 


TRUXALIS Linneus. 
TRUXALIS BREVICORNIS (Linnzus). 


Gryllus brevicornis LiNN&us, Cent. Ins. Par., 1763, p. 15. 

Truxalis brevicornis Fasricitus, Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 279. 

Acridium ensicornum Dr Grrr, Mem. Ins., 1773, p. 449, pl. xxi, figs. 1, 2. 

Opsomala punctipennis SERVILLE, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth,, 1838, p. 590. 

Trucxalis viridula Pauisor Brauvoris, Ins. Afr. and Amer., 1807, p. 80, pl. 11, fig. 4. 

Oxycoryphus burkhartianus Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1861, p. 315. 

Truxalis adspersa BLANCHARD, Voy. Amer. Merid., VI, Pt. 2, 1837-48, p. 216, 
pl. xxvit, fig. 2. 

Several specimens are at hand from Asuncion where they were 
collected by the writer. Giglio-Tos also reports it from the same 
locality. There are also a number of specimeris before me that were 
collected at Sapucay by W. T. Foster. 

It is one of the most widely distributed species of American locusts, 
being found on both continents between the fortieth parallels of latitude. 


BEUTRYXALIS Bruner: 


EUTRYXALIS MINOR (Giglio-Tos). 
Metaleptea minor Giaut1o-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 302, XII, 1897, 
99 
Eutrycalis minor Bruner, Locusts of Argent., 1900, p. 24. 

No specimens of this insect are at hand that were taken in Para- 
guay, but it was collected at Asuncion and in the adjoining parts of 
the Bolivian chaco by Dr. A. Borelli. 

Proc. N. M. vol. x%xx—06——0 


626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


ORPHULA Stal. 
ORPHULA PAGANA Stal. 


Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx) pagana SrA, Freg. Eug. Resa. Ins. Orthopt., 1860, 


Truxalis (Orphula) pagana Svdu, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 106. 
Orphula pagana Gie110-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 184, IX, 1894, 
p. 9. 

This species is represented by a large number of specimens that 
were collected both by the writer and by W. T. Foster. It comes 
from all the localities in Paraguay, as well as from the adjoining parts 
of Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. 


PARORPHULA Bruner. 


PARORPHULA GRAMINEA Bruner. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 7. 


Parorphula graminea Bruner, Sec. Rept. Merch. Locust. Invest. Com. B. A., 
1900, p. 25. fig. 7. 


No specimens of this insect are at hand from Paraguayan localities, 
but it is known to have a wide distribution in Argentina immediately 
to the south. It is liable to be met with on pasture lands where the 
forests are open or missing. 


ORPHULINA Giglio-Tos. 
ORPHULINA PULCHELLA Giglio-Tos. 


Orphulina pulchella Gieu10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 184, IX, 
kes Eo yah, Sh . 

There are several female specimens at hand that may belong here. 
If they do they are hardly separable from the genus Orphulella, except 
that in these specimens the space between the mesosternal lobes is 
plainly longer than wide, whereas in the various species of Orphulella 
it is decidedly wider than long. Since Giglio-Tos has described only 
the male, the following brief diagnosis of the female may be added: 

Body slender, slightly compressed at thorax, the head about as broad 
as the front edge and about four-fifths as long as the pronotum, the 
face rather strongly oblique; fastigium of the vertex forming about : 
right angle, as in Orphulella. Pronotum a very little expanding on 
hind lobe, which is but little, if any, shorter than the anterior; lateral 
carinx in front of last transverse sulcus parallel, back of it somewhat 
divergent. Tegmina of medium width, not provided with discal spots, 
extending considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind femora 
a trifle surpassing the abdomen. ! 

General color above testaceous or greenish, the sides of the head, 
pronotum, and pleure fuscous, bordered along the lateral carine by a 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 627 


line of black, sometimes lighter or darker; below this flavous. Hind 
femora testaceous, their outer disk more or less ferruginous or brown- 
ish; hind tibie testaceous, their apex infuscated. Tegmina, except on 
dorsal field, more or less fuscous. | 

Length of body, female, 20-22; of pronotum, 3.8; of tegmina, 17; of 
hind femora, 11.5 mm. . 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, January to March (W. T. Foster), 
3 females. Also reported by Giglio-Tos from San Pedro. 


ORPHULELLA Giglio-Tos. 


The insects which belong to this genus are all rather small and very 
variable in color—so much so, in fact, that without a very full series 
of specimens for study the student can not construct a table that will 
definitely separate them. There seem to be at least four, and possibly 
five, well-marked forms found within the territory covered by the 
present paper. They may be determined by the following 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Lateral carine of the pronotum interrupted or obsolete between the anterior and 
posterior sulci. 

Dansizeismall 22.2 PPS pee ea eI cet nae: Seaham are oy Rats oh arte gracilis Giglio-Tos 

bb. Size larger, separate sections of carinze lunate....-....-- obscura, new species 
aa. Lateral carinz of the pronotum complete or subinterrupted. Size larger. 

b. General color testaceous or pale ferruginous. The tegmina rather evenly sprin- 

kled with fuscous dots. 
c. Size larger (female, 18 mm.). Lateral carine strongly divergent pos- 


hele ygeaceen 2 ihe a ewe Mit a kadar sh oes Sina punctata (De Geer) 
cc. Size smaller (female, 16 mm.). Lateral carinze less strongly divergent pos- 
GOTO Vereen a ae Ma end te aE I aa ec ate Stare intricata (Stal) 


bb. General color green. The discal field alone varied with fuscous. 
elegans Giglio-Tos 


ORPHULELLA GRACILIS Giglio-Tos. 


Orphulella gracilis Giauto-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, No. 184, 1894, 
jay ile 


Habitat.—Various localities in Paraguay (Giglio- ae San Bernar- 
dino (Bruner). 


ORPHULELLA OBSCURA, new species. 


A very dark colored and strongly hirsute insect with broadly inter- 
rupted lateral carinz: of the pronotum, and in this respect allied to 0. 
gracilis Giglio-Tos. As compared with gracilis it is, however, much 
larger and more robust, and has the hind femora more than usually 
robust for the genus. Body compressed and deep through the middle. 
Head large and wide, as long as and a little broader than the front edge 
of pronotum; eyes, éspecially in the male, large and prominent; vertex 
fairly wide, short, the bounding walls parallel for a short distance 
and meeting at fastigium in an obtuse angle even in the male; frontal 


628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, Xx 


costa prominent between the antenne, narrow above, evenly broadening 
below and continuous to the clypeus, profoundly sulcate throughout; 
lateral foveole large, subquadrate in the male, or acutely triangular 
in the female. Pronotum short, broad, rather strongly constricted in 
the middle; lateral carine obliterated between the middle and anterior 
sulci; strong elsewhere, the anterior section arcuate and greatly 
oblique or divergent, the part between the middle and posterior sulci 
short and lunate, broadly separated from that on the posterior lobe, 
the latter also a little arcuate and oblique—in each case the apices of 
these sections aré directed inward; anterior edge truncate, the poste- 
rior broadly angulate; sides higher than long, their lower edge strongly 
sinuate. Tegmina moderately wide, longer than the abdomen and - 
hind femora in both sexes, their apices broadly rounded. Hind 
femora robust on basal two-thirds, about normal on the outer third, a 
little surpassing (male) or not quite reaching (female) the tip of the 
abdomen. Antenne rather heavy, filiform, a litttle longer than the 
head and pronotum taken together. 

General color brownish, testaceous, very heavily and profusely 
marked with black. Head back of eyes, a considerable portion of the 
occiput, sides of pronotum, pleura, hind femora, and tegmina black— 
these markings much more decided and extensive in the male than in 
the female. On the disk of the pronotum inside the lateral carinz, a 
decussate pale marking, the sides of pronotum, head, and pleura also 
provided with several paler markings. Hind femora, as well as those 
of anterior and middle pairs, likewise alternately pale and dark banded. 
The tibie and tarsi annulated with dull black. Tegmina variegated 
with paler discal and dorsal spots. The abdomen testaceous conspersed 
with black or dark brown. Wings strongly fuliginous. Antenne 
ferruginous at base, but becoming much darker, almost black, 
apically. 

Length of body, male, 16; female, 21; of antenne, male and female, 
6.75; of pronotum, male, 3; female, 3.2; of tegmina, male, 14; female, 
17.5; of hind femora, male, 9; female, 10 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9729, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 1 male and 2 females, taken during 
the months of January and February (W. T. Foster, collector). 


ORPHULELLA PUNCTATA (De Geer). 


Acridium punctatum De Grrr, Mem. Ins., III, 1778, p. 508, pl. xm, fig. 12. 

Trucxalis ( Orphula) punctata Stdt, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 106. 

Orphulella punctata Giei0-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, LX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 12. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, numerous specimens (W. T. Foster); 
various localities in Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). It is also found through- 
out Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, some of the West Indies, and Cen- 
tral America. 


— 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 629 


ORPHULELLA INTRICATA (Stal). 


Orphula int-icata SrA, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 106. 
Orphulella intricata Giauto-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p- 12. 
Habitat.—Several specimens of both sexes that appear to belong here 
were taken by the writer at Asuncion. Others are among the mate- 
rial collected at Sapucay by W. T. Foster. 


ORPHULELLA ELEGANS Giglio-Tos. 


Orphulella elegans Griauto-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 12. 
Habitat.—Province of San Pedro, Villa Rica, and Asuncion (Giglio- 
Tos); Asuncion (Bruner); Sapucay (W. T. Foster). 


DICHROMORPHA Morse. 
DICHROMORPHA AUSTRALIS Bruner. 


Dichromorpha viridis Giauio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 
302, p. 24; XV, 1900, No. 377, p. 3. 
Dichromorpha australis Bruner, Locusts of Argent., 1900, p. 29. 

Habitat. —Several specimens, male and female, collected by W. T. 
Foster at Sapucay. Asuncion (Giglio-Tos, Bruner). 

The present species was wrongfully included with the considerably 
larger and more robust North American /). viridis Scudder. For a 
rather full synonymy of this last-mentioned species see Biologia Cent. 
Amer., Orthopt., II, p. 86. 


LOXxOPTERU'S Bolivar: 


TOXOPTERUS MINIATUS Bolivar? 
Toxopterus miniatus Boutvar, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., XIX, 1890, p. 314. 


Habitat.—Several specimens of the two sexes were taken by W. T. 
Foster at Sapucay, Paraguay. 
This insect is doubtfully referred to Bolivar’s species. 


FENESTRA Brunner. 


If the genus Fenestra occurs in Paraguay, it will be found in open 
country among the bunch grasses. Three species were described by 
the writer.“ Brunner did not mention a type for the genus, so we 
may consider /enestra pulchripennis as the type. It may occur in 
Paraguay, as it appears to be the more common species in Argentina. 


«Locusts of Argentina, pp. 30 and 31. 


630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


SINIPTA Stal. 
SINIPTA DALMANI St&l. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 3. 


Gomphocerus (Sinipta) dalmani Srau, Freg. Eug. Resa, Ins. Orthopt., 1860, 
p. 340. 
Sinipta dalmani Srdu, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 103. 


Habitat.—The collections made by W. T. Foster at Sapucay, Para- 
guay, contain examples of this insect. Stal’s type came from Uruguay, 
and numerous examples were taken by the writer in middle and north- 
ern Argentina, where it isa very common insect on the open pampas. 


AMBLYTROPIDIA Stal. 


This genus contains a rather large number of species, taking the 
two Americas together. They are most abundant in the Tropics, how- 
ever, where the species are distributed in savannas or grassy openings 
in the forests. The species so far recognized may be separated by the 
subjoined table: 


TABLE, FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Median carina of vertex quite prominent. Last trausverse sulcus of pronotum 
situated plainly behind the middle. 
b. Quite robust, for most part pale colored, the tegmina of female not or but little 
surpassing the tip of the abdomen. The latter concolorous above. 
c. Antennz of female, those of the male always more elongate, a trifle longer 
than the head and pronotum combined. * Tegmina provided with fuscous 


spots. 
d. Smaller. “Brazileesce soso see SZ Sas oe eee ferruginosa Stal 
dd. Larger. Central America (Guatemala). Hind tibiz with 13 spines in 
Outer TOW 2. 2st soars Soon ee ee magna Bruner 


ec. Antennze of female plainly shorter than the head and pronotum combined. 
Tegmina variable. 
d. Tegmina pale testaceous, without fuscous spots or longitudinal pale 
StPIPOS «oo. sc ove cee Oe Se ee australis Bruner 
dd. Tegmina mottled, or with both fuscous spots and longitudinal pale 
stripes. Often largely green. 
e. Smaller. Tegmina often with a sub-costal pale line, or the dorsum with 
lateral green stripes reaching from the eyes to middle of the tegmina. 
The latter as long as abdomen....................- .-vittata Giglio-Tos 
ee. Larger. Tegmina without the sub-costal pale line; the dorsum either 
wholly green or ferruginous. Tegmina shorter than the abdomen. 
robusta, new species 
bb. More slender, rather dark colored. Tegmina of female always surpassing the 
tip of abdomen. Abdomen of male at least bright ferruginous or orange 
above. 

ce. Color quite uniform dusky brown, the females with distinctly flecked tegmina. 
d. Hind tibize 12-13 spined in outer row. British Guiana and Trinidad 
Island |. 2.222 200s. eb eee cute: Sean eee trinitatis Bruner 

dd, Hind tibize 15-16 spined in outer row. West coast of Central Mexico. 
elongata Bruner 


No, 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 631 


cc. Color dark olive brown in male. Hind tibize 11-12 spined in outer row. 
INES EO ccs pee Ee an cr oa le aurwentris Braner 
aa, Median carina of vertex less prominent. Last transverse sulcus of pronotum 
situated about the middle. 
b. Hind tibize provided with 15-19 spines in outer row. 
c. Rather robust. Color variable. Costa Rican........... costaricensis Bruner 
cc. More slender. The color more uniform. Mexico southerly. 
d. Anterior portion of disk of pronotum narrower than the hind portion; 
lateral carinze in males concolorous; disk and sides not decidedly infus- 
CENTS COL eS ey SSS ete es ely TN a ie Mea apres hp mystica Saussure 
dd. Anterior portion of disk of pronotum about equal to the width of hind por- 
tion; lateral caringe in males pale, the disk and sides infuscated. 
ingenita Bruner 
bb. Hind tibize provided with but 14 spines in outer row. Eastern United States 
SOMO WHiRGl ss see Uo toc esas eae oE ere en SUNS Ee eels occidentalis Saussure 


AMBLYTROPIDIA FERRUGINOSA Stal. 
Amblytropidia ferruginosa SrA, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1878, p. 107.—Bruner, 
Biol. Cent. Amer., Orthopt., IT, 1904, p. 63. 
Habitat.—According to Giglio-Tos” this species occurs in Paraguay 
at various localities. The collections do not contain specimens of it. 


AMBLYTROPIDIA AUSTRALIS Bruner. 


Amblytropidia australis Bruner, Biol. Cent. Amer., Orthopt., IT, 1904, pp. 62, 64. 
Amblytropidia ferruginosa, GiGui0-Tos., Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, 
No. 184, p. 13; XII, 1897, No. 302, p. 25. 
Habitat.—Specimens of this insect are at hand from Asuncion 
(Bruner) and Sapucay (Foster). It is more common southward in 
Argentina and Uruguay. 


AMBLYTROPIDIA VITTATA Giglio-Tos. 


Amblytropidia vittata Giai10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 
184, p. 138. 
Habitat.—Luque, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos); specimens are at hand 
from Sao Paulo, Brazil. 


AMBLYTROPIDIA ROBUSTA, new species. 


A variable insect as to general color, in which the two sexes differ 
greatly in size and comparative robustness. Male slender, rufo-testa-° 
ceous, with fuscous knees; female robust, varying from pale testa- 
ceous to dark brown, the dorsum sometimes uniformly green, the knees 
concolorous. 

Head of moderate size, about as wideas front edge of the pronotum, 
the occiput and vertex somewhat rugose, the latter short and provided 
with a well-defined longitudinal carina; frontal costa prominent and 
unusually broad, slightly expanding below and continuous to the 
clypeus, in the male punctate and decidedly sulcate, in the female 
smooth and faintly suleate. Antenne filiform, not quite as long 


@ Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino. 


632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, XXX. 


(female), or a little longer (male) than the combined length of head and 
thorax. Pronotum a little expanding posteriorly, the lateral carine 
prominent, rather coarsely punctate, most profusely so on the hind 
lobe; transverse sulci faint, the posterior one only severing the median 
carina, situated plainly back of middle. Tegmina without a definite 
intercalary vein, a little surpassing (male) but falling considerably 
short of the tip of the abdomen (female). Hind femora long and 
robust, surpassing the abdomen in both sexes. Hind tibiz with 13-14 
spines in outer row. 

General color varying from a nearly uniform pale testaceous with an 
olivaceous tinge on sides of pronotum and pleura in the males to a deep 
brown yaried with green on dorsum in females. Face usually paler 
than other portions of head; the usual dusky band back of eyes and 
along the upper edge of sides of pronotum. Tegmina immaculate in 
the males, in the females provided with a discal row of fuscous dots, 
sometimes the balance of the member also more or less regularly but 
dimly conspersed. Sides of the three basal abdominal segments 
largely black in the female, pale in male. Hind femora with their 
inner face and lower sulcus reddish purple (female) or orange (male). 
Antenne infuscated apically. 

Length of body, male, 20, female, 33; of pronotum, male, +, female, 
6; of tegmina, male, 17, female, 21; of hind femora, male, 14, female, 
21.5 mm. 


Type.—Cat. No. 9717, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster, collector; several spec- 
imens of both sexes. 


DICHROATETTIX Bruner. 
DICHROATETTIX VIRIDIFRONS Bruner? 
Plate XXXVI, figs. 5, 6. 
Dichroatettix viridifrons BruNEr, Locusts of Argent., p. 33, 1900, figs. 9 and 10. 
While no specimens of this species are at hand, it is barely possible 
that it may occur in Paraguay as well as in Argentina. 
DICHROATETTIX BOHLSII (Giglio-Tos). 


Fenestra bohisti Gicui0-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., VIII, p. 807. 
Habitat.—Paraguay (Giglio-Tos); Sapucay, Paraguay (W. T. Fos- 
ter), several specimens of both sexes. 
This insect is rather larger and more robust than the preceding, 
from which it differs in these respects, and in having the wings less 
clouded on the anterior field and apical half. 


AMBLYSCAPHEUS, new genus. 


Related to Staurorhectus Giglio-Tos, but differing from that genus 
in the entire absence of lateral carine on the pronotum. | 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 633 


Head rather large, smooth, a little broader below than above, nearly 
as long as pronotum; the occiput gently rounded; the vertex about as 
wide as the shortest diameter of one of the eyes, without a longitudi- 
nal carina, and meeting in front at less than a right angle, lateral 
carinee fairly prominent, the surface within depressed so as to form a 
semicircular groove extending across the front; frontal costa promi- 
nent, a very little narrower at the ocellus than between the antenne 
and below, sulcate deeply throughout. Face rather strongly oblique, 
straight when viewed laterally, facial carine strong, straight, greatly 
divergent; eyes pyrifurm, considerably diverging, about as long as 
that portion of the cheeks below them. Antenne coarsely filiform 
and with the basal joints a little depressed, but not enough so as to 
give to these members even a subensiform appearance, a little longer 
than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum nearly cylindrical, 
without lateral carine, but with a strong, equal, median one, smooth 
on anterior lobe, finely and closely punctulate on posterior, the latter 
lobe about one-fourth shorter than the former; anterior edge broadly 
rounded, the hind edge obtusangulate, lower lateral edges sinuate. 
Tegmina membranous, of medium width, paucily veined, the apex 
rounded and without an intercalary vein, a little surpassing the tip of 
abdomen but not quite reaching the apices of hind femora. Latter 
long, slender on apical, rather robust on basal half; hind tibie pro- 
fusely hirsute and with 11 spines in outer row. -Upper valves of 
ovipositor short, slender at base but broad to near apex, the tip short. 
Mesosternal lobes about as wide apart as the lobes themselves. 

Type of genus.— Amblyscapheus lineatus. 


AMBLYSCAPHEUS LINEATUS, new species. 


A medium sized but moderately robust insect, the general color of 
which is bright yellow with black antennz and two prominent very dark 
brown or blackish stripes which extend from the fastigium, one on each 
side of vertex, head, pronotum, and tegmina, to apex. On the latter 
these dark stripes gradually widen and occupy the entire discal field and 
become gradually paler from base to tip. Knees of hind femora and 
immediate base of tibiz also black. Hind tibiz pale glaucous above 
and on sides, the lower edge dark lined. 

Length of body, male, 26; of pronotum, 5; of antenn, 10.5; of 

tegmina, 19; of hind femora, 16.5 mm. 
| Type.—Cat. No. 9730, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, 3 females, December, February, and March. 

At first glance this insect reminds one very much of the male of 
Staurorhectus longicornis Giglio-Tos, but the absence of lateral pro- 
notal carinz will at once indicate its location. The male is evidently 
much smaller than the female. 


634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


STAURORHECELUS Gigho-tos: 
STAURORHECTUS LONGICORNIS Giglio-Tos. 


Staurorhectus longicornis Giai10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, 
No. 302, p. 26. 
Habitat.—The collections made at Sapucay, Paraguay, by W. T. 
Foster, and sent to both the U. 5. National Museum and the writer, 
contain a number of individuals of both sexes. It is also common in 
portions of Argentina and Bolivia. 


STIRAPLEURA Scudder. 


Although no specimens of this genus are at hand, nor none appar- 
ently have been reported from Paraguay, it is quite possible that 
Stirapleura is represented in the country. They may be looked for 
on sandy open country. Stérapleura variabilis Bruner, from Argen- 
tina, is figured at fig. 2, on Plate XXXVI, in order that the genus 
may be recognized if found. 


MELOSCIRTUS, new genus. 


Related to Stenobothrus and Bruneria, but differing from both of 
these genera in a number of respects. Rather below medium in size; 
in the female with abbreviated tegmina and wings. The face, occi- 
put, the disk. and sides of pronotum and meso- and metathorax pale 
streaked. . 

Female. —Head moderately large, a little wider than the front edge 
of the pronotum. Eyes subpyriform, about as long as the cheeks 
below them, separated above by a space twice the width of the frontal 
costa between the antenne. Fastigium rather deeply sulcate and pro- 
vided with a faint median longitudinal carina, meeting in front in an 
obtuse angle; lateral foveole small, about twice as long as wide, only 
partially visible from above. Front viewed in profile roundly oblique; 
frontal costa fairly prominent, evenly divergent and continuous to the 
clypeus, suleate. Antenne filiform, a little longer than the combined 
length of head and pronotum. The latter short, a very little con- 
stricted at middle, broadly rounded in front, obtusangulate behind; 
lateral cavine arcuate and greatly interrupted between the transverse 
sulci, median carina fairly prominent throughout, cut by the last 
transverse sulcus a little back of its middle; lateral lobes a little 
higher than long, the lower edge rounded and provided on each side 
near the hind margin with a more or less prominent, raised, pale- 
colored tortuous carina. 'Tegmina somewhat abbreviate, about half 
as long as the abdomen, acuminate, the costal border a little ampliate 
near the base, without an intercalary vein. Hind femora rather 
robust, their tip coincident with that of the abdomen; hind tibiz pro- 


vided with 8 spines in outer and 10 in inner row, the inner apical spurs 
considerably stronger than the outer ones, unequal. —Interspace 
between mesosternal lobes fully twice as broad as long. Valves of 
ovipositor small, as in its allies. 

Type of genus.—Meloscirtus australis. 


MELOSCIRTUS AUSTRALIS, new species. 


General color testaceous, varied above and on the sides with fuscous, 
black and dirty white. Head fuscous, with pale bands on occiput, 
front and hind berders of cheeks, the sides back of eyes, and the base 
of mandibles. The lines back of eyes are quite narrow and continuous 
with those that follow the lateral carine of the pronotum. The latter 
with the middle of disk longitudinally pale striped or wholly fuscous, 
the lateral lobes provided with a rather broad oblique pale band, com- 
mencing in front at the middle and directed backward and upward 
to the hind edge at the shoulder, lower edge broadly pale; above this 
fuscous with a narrow somewhat tortuous raised pale line. Pleura 
varied with pale and brown. Hind femora with the outer half of 
upper edge entirely pale, the inner half toward the base with two 
fuscous blotches and an infuscated preapical dash of the same color, 
the outer disk in the middle and the knees both internally and exter- 
nally marked with fuscous. Tibiv testaceous conspersed with fuscous. 
Sides of abdomen irregularly varied with brown. Length of body, 
female, 17; of pronotum, 3-3.1; of tegmina, 7; of hind femora, 9.35; 
antenne, 7.25 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9731, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—The collection made by W. T. Foster at Sapucay, Para- 
guay, contains two females. 


7 
No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 635 
PLECTROTETTIX MeNeill: 


This genus contains a number of species, the representatives of which 
vary much in color. At least five of the known forms occur in Para- 
» guay.“ These Paraguayan forms may be separated by the following 
table: 

TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


| a. Tegmina less densely reticulate, the post-radial area provided with two rows of 
cells and an intercalary vein; anterior and posterior lobes of the pronotum sub- 
cits alent hi 655s 5 Se 2 en alin Mien yainje tae eine octane brasiliensis Bruner 
aa. Tegmina more densely reticulate; the post-radial area densely and irregularly 
reticulate and without an interealary vein; the posterior lobe of the pronotum 
longer than the anterior one. 
b. Hind tibize provided with 9-11 spines in outer row; size moderate. 
| c. Tegmina irregularly marked with rather small dark blotches. Hind tibize 
pale, withthe apical third bluish..-...........-.-....- conspersus Bruner 
cc. Tegmina regularly marked with large maculations. Largely green, or with 
| the hind tibite and the lower sulcus of hind femora red. 


@¥For a discussion of the generic name see Biol. Cent. Amer., p. 99. 


636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


d. Hind tibize furnished with only 9 spines in the outer row- - .. pictus Bruner 
dd. Hind tibize provided with 10 or 11 spines in the outer row. 
e. Lower sulcus of hind femora deep blue, the tibize testaceous, provided 


With-lO spines <2. le. 52° Sa ee ee ee ee brunneri (Giglio-Tos) 
ee. Lower sulcus of hind femora testaceous or red, the tibize red, infuscated 
apically, 11-spined in outer row-.-.---..---=+-+----=-:- varipes Bruner 


bb. Hind tibize, provided with 12 spines in outer row; size large. 
borellii_ (Giglio-Tos) 


PLECTROTETTIX BRASILIENSIS Bruner. 


Plectrotettix brasiliensis Bruner, Biol. Cent. Amer., Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100. 


« 
Hlabitat.—There are a number of both sexes of this species in the 
U.S. National Museum collections from Sapucay, Paraguay. They 
were received from W. T. Foster. 


PLECTROTETTIX CONSPERSUS Bruner. 


Plectrotettix conspersus BruNER, Biol. Cent. Amer., Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100. 


/Tabitat.—This insect also comes from Sapucay, Paraguay, where it 
awas taken by Mr. Foster. There are several specimens of both sexes 
at hand. Type specimens are in the collections of the U. S. National 
Museum, No. 9718, and of the writer. 


PLECTROTETTIX PICTUS Bruner. 


Plate XXX VI, fig. 8. 


Plectrotettix pictus Bruner, Locusts Argent., 1900, p. 37, fig. 18; Biol. Cent. 
Amer., Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100. 

Habitat.—This locust is very common in the provinces of Cordoba 
and Santa Fe, in Argentina. It, without doubt, occurs also in southern 
Paraguay, although not represented in the collections examined nor 
mentioned in the writings of Giglio-Tos. 


PLECTROTETTIX BRUNNERI (Giglio-Tos). 


Pseudostauronolus brunneri GiGii0-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., VIII, pp. 809-811. 
Plectrotettiv brunneri Bruner, Biol. Cent. Amer. Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100. 


Habitat.—Paraguay (Giglio-Tos) and Brazil (Bruner). Not repre- 

sented in the collections received from W. T. Foster. 
PLECTROTETTIX VARIPES Bruner. 
Plectrotettix varipes BRUNER, Ent. News, X VI, 1905, p. 234. 

Habitat. —This species is represented by a number of individuals of 
both sexes. They come from Sapucay, Paraguay, where they were 
taken by W. T. Foster. Type specimens are in the collection of the 
U.S. National Museum, No. 9832, and in Bruner’s collection. 


¥ 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 687 


PLECTROTETTIX BORELLII (Giglio-Tos). 


Seyllina borellii Giauio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 14. 
Plectrotettix borellii Bruner, Biol. Cent. Amer. Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100. 
Halitat.—The only reference to this unusually large species is that 
given by Giglio-Tos. It comes from Colonia Risso, Paraguay. 


HUPEECTROTET Dix Bruner. 


EUPLECTROTETTIX FERRUGINEUS Bruner. 
Euplectrotettia ferrugineus Bruner, Locusts of Argent., 1900, pp. 39-40. 


Habitat.— Asuncion, (Bruner); Sapucay (W. T. Foster). This insect 
was fairly common on the sandy knolls about Asuncion. It also occurs 
in Northern Argentina on both sides of the Rio Parana. An allied 
species, Hu. conspersus Bruner, is figured herewith on Plate XXXVI, 
fig. 4. 

Subfamily (HK DIPODIN . 
TRIMEROTROPIS Stal. 
TRIMEROTROPIS PALLIDIPENNIS (Burmeister). 


(Edipoda pallidipennis BurmetistER, Handb. Ent., I], 1858, p. 641. 
(Edipoda straminea Ertcuson, in Schomb. Faun. et Flor. Brit. Guiana, p. 582. 
Trimerotropis pallidipennis SAussuRE, Prodr. Cidip., 1884, p. 171. 

Habitat.—In sandy and dry localities from central Mexico to middle 
Argentina. It may be looked for in Paraguay, and if proper locations 
are examined it will no doubt be found. No specimens are at hand, 
nor am I aware of its having been reported as occurring in that 
country. 

C@LOPTERNA Stal. 


CC@ZELOPTERNA ACUMINATA (De Geer). 


Acridium acuminatum Dk GerER, Mém. Ins., III, 1773, p. 501, pl. xin, fig. 10. 

Celopterna acuminata Stdt, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1878, p. 145. 

Paulinia mucosa BLANCHARD, in D’Orbigny Voy. l’Amer., Merid., VI, Pt. Ins., 
p- 216, pl. xxvii, fig. 6. 

Habitat.—Giglio-Tos gives Asuncion and Colonia Risso, Paraguay, 
as localities where it occurs. It is also quite generally distributed 
over the warmer parts of South America. The variety brevipennis 
Giglio-Tos is also credited to Paraguay. 

This insect was made the type of a distinct subfamily by Stal; but 
Brunner vy. Wattenwy] in his Revision du Systeme des Orthopteres, 
places it along with the Cidipodine, where I am willing to let it 
remain at present. The insect is one that lives upon aquatic plants 
and often must swim, hence the peculiar development of hind tibize 
and their spurs. 


& 


638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Subfamily PY RGOMORPHIN ™%. 


The present group of locusts, like the preceding subfamily, is rather 
poorly represented in this moist region, where vegetation is abundant 
and rank. Four genera may be contained among the locust fauna of 
Paraguay. They may be separated as follows: 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA. 


a. Body more or less graceful and cylindrical, somewhat rugose. The antennz 
filiform. Pronotum feebly carinated. 

b. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed, extending considerably beyond the 

tip of the abdomen in both sexes. Carinze of hind femora smooth. Internal 


angles of mesosternal lobes rounded at apex .....--.------- Ossa Giglio-Tos 
bb. Tegmina and wings somewhat abbreviated. Carinze of hind femora toothed. 
Internal angles of mesosternal lobes not rounded -..--- Ommexecha Serville 


aa. Body very obese and greatly depressed; coarsely tuberculate, carinated and 
spined. Antenne with the joints somewhat flattened, subensiform. Pro- 
notal carina always more or less cristate. 

b. Tegmina and wings present. Pronotum without the lateral toothed, leaf-like 
expansion; its hind border broadly angulate and adorned with five flat, 
tooth-like projections—the middle one furcate ......-.-.- Spathalium Bolivar 

bb. Tegmina and wings wanting. Pronotum furnished at lower lateral edges with 
a toothed, leaf-like expansion; its hind: border broadly rounded and adorned 
with a series of six distinct, heavy, blunt spines...-...---.-- Grea Philippi 


OSSA Giglio-Tos. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Body covered with long white hair. Tegmina above with an orange spot at base. 


Eyes globose. Posterior femora moderately heavy..---- bimaculata Giglio-Tos 
aa. Body subglabrous. Tegmina above without a basal spot. Eyes ovoid. Pos- 
terior fefaora somewhat slender .......-.---.---.--------- viridis Giglio-Tos 


OSSA BIMACULATA Giglio-Tos. 


Ossa bimaculata Giaui0o-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat., Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
Delo: 
Habitat.—Several specimens, both sexes, from Sapucay, Paraguay 
(W. T. Foster). It also occurs in the northern portions of Argentina, 
eastern Bolivia, and southern Brazil. 


OSSA VIRIDIS Giglio-Tos. 
Plate XX XVIII; fig. 5. 
Ossa viridis Giau10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat., Torino, XII, 1897, No. 302, p. 27. 


Habitat.—Northern Argentina and several localities in the Bolivian 
Chaco (Giglio-Tos). It is also very common in the Argentine Proy- 
inces of Cardoba and Santa Fe, where it is found feeding on a certain 
Nycotiana or plant of an allied genus. It most assuredly occurs also 
in Paraguay 


— we 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 639 


OMMEXECHA Serville. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Tegmina not reaching the apex of abdomen. 
b. General color green; tegmina shorter. Hind femora externally smooth. 
virens Serville 
bb. General color dull brown; tegmina longer. Hind femora externally hirsute. 
servillei Blanchard 
aa. Tegmina reaching beyond the tip of abdomen. The genicular lobes of hind 
femora two-spined; tegmina acuminate ..-.-.--.----- macropterum Blanchard 
bb. The genicular lobes of hind femora smooth. Tegmina rounded at apex. 
germari Burmeister 


OMMEXECHA VIRENS Serville. 
Ommexecha virens SERvVILLE, Revue Meth., p. 95; Hist. Orthopt., 1839, p. 701.— 
Biancuarp, Monog. Ommex., p. 612, pl. xxu, fig. la, female. 
Habitat.—Not represented in the collections. Given originally as 
coming from ‘‘ Buenos Aires.” Supposed to be a freshly molted 
specimen of the next species. 


OMMEXECHA SERVILLEI Blanchard. 


Ommexecha servillei) BLANCHARD, Monog. Ommex., 1836, p. 613, pl. xxu, figs. 2, 
male, 3, female. 
Habitat. —Asuncion (Giglio-Tos, Bruner); San Bernardino (Bruner); 
Sao Paulo, Brazil. 
This insect was found on sandy ground in the city of Asuncion and 
also along the sandy beach of a lake at San Bernardino. 


OMMEXECHA MACROPTERUM Blanchard. 


Ommexecha macropterum BLANCHARD, Monog. Ommex., 1836, p. 610, pl. xx1, 
figs. 3, 4. 
Ommexcha brunneri Boutyar, Monog. Pirgomor., 1884, p. 28. 
Habitat.—lf the synonomy is correct, this insect extends from Peru 


to Paraguay. Sapucay, Paraguay, the two sexes (W. T. Foster). 
OMMEXECHA GERMARI Burmeister. 
Ommexecha germari Burmeister, Handb. Ent., Il, p. 655 (1838).—Bo.ivar, 
Monog. Pirgomor., 1884, p. 28, fig. 1. 


Habitat. —Villa Rica and Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not in 
the collections before me. 


-‘SPATHALIUM Bolivar. 


No specimens of this genus are at hand from Paraguay, but since it 
occurs both to the south in Argentina and to the north in Brazil some 
one or more of the species undoubtedly will be found in the country 
now under consideration. One of the Argentinian species is figured 
herewith, namely, Spathalium hispidum Bruner, Plate XX XVII, fig. 
8, male, Plate XX XVIII, fig. 11 female. 


640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


GRAZA Philippi. 


This fourth genus of the subfamily is also liable to occur in Para- 
guayan territory. But two species are known to the writer, and both 
of them are found on the pampas of Argentina from Bahia Blanca to~ 
Catamarca and northward. Grea horrida Philippi is shown on 
Plate XXXVII at fig. 1. . 


Subfamily ACRIDIIN 2. 


This is by far the most extensive subfamily of locusts represented 
in the region covered by the present paper, and contains, with but two 
or three exceptions, all of the destructive species. The following 
rather long table for the separation of the genera to which these 
insects belong will be of some value to the reader in separating the 
many forms that occur in any particular region. In genera where 
more than one species occur there will also be found tables for the 
separation of the different species. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA. 


a. Posterior tibize provided with an apical spine above on both margins. 
b. Fastigium of the vertex horizontally greatly produced. 

c. Tegmina somewhat surpassing the tip of the abdomen, their apex truncate. 
Superior carina of the hind femora terminating at the apex in a prominent 
tooth, 22553 2.5 1S 525s Sa ee ee ee Procolpia Stal 

cc. Tegmina considerably surpassing the tip of abdomen, their apex narrowly 
rounded. Superior carina of hind femora terminating in a small tooth. 

Munatia Stal 
d. Crest of the pronotum serrate throughout ......--..------ Prionolopha Stal 
dd. Crest of the pronotum not serrate, or sometimes posteriorily crenulate, or 
somtimes cut by the transverse sulci. 
e. Lateral carinve of the pronotum converging toward the front. 
Jf. Carin of the frontal costa parallel or gently diverging above the ocellus. 
g. Tegmina and wings complete, equaling or surpassing the abdomen. 
Tropinotus Serville 
gg. Tegmina and wings abbreviated ..........-...-.----4 Alcamenes Stal 
Jf. Carinze of the frontal costa diverging above the ocellus, 
ee. Lateral carinze of the pronotum parallel or diverging toward the front. 
Elxochlora Stal 
bb. Fastigium of the vertex sloping or depressed. 

c. Wings with that portion just back of the vein which divides the first and 
second parts dilated and provided with numerous parallel transverse veins. 

d. Fastigium of the vertex subtriangularly acuminate. Frontal costa com- 
pressed. Pronotum above rounded; lateral carina obliterated in front of 
last transverse sulcus, blunt back of it.............-. Chromacris Walker 

dd. Fastigium of the vertex obtuse. Frontal costa not compressed or sulcate. 

e. Median carina of the pronotum not cristate. Head somewhat smooth. 
Frontal costa above the antennze obtusely sulcate...-.-- Zoniopoda Stal 

ee. Median carina of the pronotum elevated into a crest which is interrupted 
by the sulci so as to form lobes............-..--- Tropidacris Scudder 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 641 


cc. Wing with that portion just back of the vein which divides the first: and 
second parts not dilated nor provided with transverse parallel veins. 

Fastigium of the vertex rounded and fading into the frontal costa. 
Diponthus Stal 

aa, Posterior tibize with the apical spine absent from the upper outer margin. 
}. Posterior tibize more or less flattened toward the apex, the margins acute. 
c. Mesosternal lobes contiguous nearly throughout in a straight line. (Tegmina 
acuminate. ) 
d. Fastigium of the vertex as long or longer than the eyes. 

e. Fastigium of the vertex with a single deep groove. Interocular space of 


hitesvertex tVeryeiarrOw.. © s2.2 o2kot 28) S258 Ben ek Leptysma Stal 

ee. Fastigium of the vertex provided with four narrow shallow grooves. 
Preamterocular space wider _ 2.2.2). .2282.2.22. Leptysmina Giglio-Tos 

dd. Fastigium of the vertex shorter than the eyes..............-- Arnilia Stal 


ec. Mesosternal lobes more or less distant. 
d. Pronotum with its hind margin rounded. 
e. Prosternal tubercle transverse, broad, the apex truncate. (Frontal costa 
complete, gently sulcate, the lateral carinze acute. Facial carine 
strongly converging below. Lower edge of sides of pronotum straight. ) 


Oxybleptella Giglio-Tos 
ee. Prosternal tubercle conical, somewhat acute. 


J. Body graceful. Front strongly oblique. Head much exserted, conical. 
Antenne distinctly ensiform. Eyes greatly elongate, viewed from 
above strongly convergent, forming an acute angle. Pronotum dis- 
tinctly dilated posteriorly, the lower edges of side oblique, straight 

or nearly so. Elytra dilated toward their apex - ---Inusia Giglio-Tos 

Jf. Body heavier. Front less strongly oblique. Head less exserted, not 
conical. Antenne filiform or weakly subensiform. Eyes not or but 
little elongate, viewed from above gently convergent, forming an 
obtuse angle. Pronotum but little or not at all dilated posteriorly, 
the lower edge of lateral lobes on the posterior half straight, on the 
anterior half emarginate. Tegmina narrowed toward the apex. 
Pronotum cylindrical. Frontal costa below the ocellus and lateral 
earinze of the face subobsolete ...2.:-:.......:------- Stenopola Stal 

dd. Pronotum with its hind margin obtusangulate, the apex not incised. 
Tegmina greatly surpassing the tip of hind femora. 

e. Frontal costa between the antenne more prominent, subdilated. Eyes 
more convergent and farther removed from the front edge of the 
pronotum.. Tegmina subacuminate.-..-............. Cornops Scudder 

ee. Frontal costa less prominent, and not dilated between the antennz. 

Eyes less divergent, and nearer to front edge of the pronotum. Apex 
of the tegmina distinctly rounded..........--- Paracornops Giglio-Tos 
bb. Posterior tibize terete, not laminate, the margins rounded. 

c. Posterior tarsi with the first and second joints subequal in length. Fastigium 
of the vertex horizontal or subhorizontal, somewhat prominent. The front 
strongly oblique. Tegmina as long or longer than abdomen. Pronotum 
S100 hea unetG MGIC hae, opt oleG ea eC Seep aR eee hee ae Bucephalacris Giglio-Tos 

cc. Posterior tarsi with the second joint distinctly shorter than the first. 

d. Fastigium of the vertex triangular or in front truneate, divided from the 
frontal costa by a transverse carina or distinct angle. 

e. Upper carina of hind femora smooth, at most provided with punctures 
from which emanate stiff hairs. 

f. Interval between the mesosternal lobes narrower than the lobes them- 
selves, distinctly longer than wide. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——41 


-649 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


g. Pronotum smooth, the transverse sulci profound and deeply im- 
pressed, the hind lobe elevated. Head large and strongly exserted. 
: Adimantus Stal 
gg. Pronotum more or less strongly punctate, granulose or rugose, the 
transverse sulci less profound, the hind lobe not elevated. Head 
less exserted. 
h. Pronotum very strongly rugose, the median carina very strong and 
lobed between the transverse sulci -....-.------ Zygolistron Rehn 
hh. Pronotum granulose or punctate, the median carina less strong, 
not lobed between the sulci. 

i. Larger. Green or greenish. Metasternal lobes in the female dis- 
tant. Frontal costa above the antennz narrowed, evenly ampli- 
ated throughout. Space between the eyes not narrower than 
widest part of frontal costa. Posterior extremity of pronotum 
obtusangulate, the lower lateral edges nearly straight, distinctly 
INCLASSALO +2 F5 ie Sectais bane ee Sree re Alewas Stal 

vi. Smaller. Testaceous, ferruginous, or fuscous. Metasternal lobes 
in female contiguous. Frontal costa moderately dilated be- 
tween the antennze, plane, punctate; sulcate below the ocellus 
and continued to the clypeus. Space between the eyes nearly 
or quite as wide as the frontal costa. Posterior extremity of 
the pronotum subrotund, the lower lateral edges in front dis- 

tinctly sinuate. Tegmina densely reticulate. 
Paraleuas Giglio-Tos 

Jf. Interspace between mesosternal lobes of about equal width with the 
lobes themselves, quadrate. 

g. Frontal costa very prominent and strongly dilated between the 
antenne, plane. Valves of ovipositor slender, long, and straight. 

Orthoscapheus, new genus 
gg. Frontal costa not unusually prominent nor dilated between the 
antennze, punctate, or suleate. Valves of ovipositor normal. 

h. Body cylindrical or subcylindrical, the sexes subequal in size; 
lower branch of male cerci much longer than the upper. 
Jodacris Giglio-Tos 
hh. Body decidedly compressed, the sexes very unequal in size. The 
two branches of the male cerci of about the same length. 
Omallotettix, new genus 
ee. Upper carina of hind femora more or less serrate. Fastigium of the ver- 
tex horizontally projecting, acuminate. 

J. Pronotum rugose with the hind margin rounded, the median carina 
visible throughout. Tegmina and wings somewhat abbreviated. 
Vertex between the eyes moderately broad .......------ Vilerna Stal 

jf. Pronotum at most coarsely punctate on posterior lobe, the hind margin 
angulate and with the median carina obliterated between the trans- 
verse sulci. Tegmina and wings greatly surpassing the abdomen. 

g. Vertex between the eyes very narrow. Pronotum with the lateral 
carinz acute, straight, parallel. Tegmina with the apex rounded. 
Hind femora greatly incrassate ......-.--.----2 NXiphiola Giglio-Tos 

gg. Vertex between the eyes rather wide. Pronotum with the lateral 

carina less acute, straight but evenly divergent posteriorly. Apex 

of tegmina obliquely subtruncate. Hind femora only moderately 

incrassstes: . 3.2 ee ee ee Osmiliola Giglio-Tos 

dd. Fastigium of the vertex deflexed or horizontal, gently fading into the 
frontal costa. 


no. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 643 


e. Mesosternal lobes longer than wide, their internal margin straight. 
Schistocerca Stal 
ee. Mesosternal lobes transverse or of equal width and length, their internal 
margin rounded. 
f. Posterior tibize furnished with 8 or sometimes more than 8 spines in the 
outer row. 
g. Tegmina equaling the abdomen in length or abbreviate, never lobi- 
form or rudimentary, always with the inner margins overlapping. 
h. Head small, not exserted, the hind part narrower than front edge 
of pronotum; occiput and vertex on the same plane with the 
PLOMOUUM a. 2 S252 ci ode ee tase ee sae Atrachelacris Giglio-Tos 
hh. Head distinctly exserted, the posterior part of equal width or 
very little narrower than pronotum. 

i. Pronotum decidedly dilated posteriorly. Cerci of the male slen- 
der, pomtedrat apex 25.4 asoeeseeus nase seco Dichroplus Stal 

ii. Pronotum subeylindrical, but little broadened posteriorly. Male 

cerci more or less ampliated at apex. 

j. Female with the valves of the ovipositor normal, acute. Male 

cerci fairly broad and obliquely docked at apex. 
Leiotettix, new genus 
jj. Female with the valves of the ovipositor slender, straight, the 
upper ones much the longer. Male cerci variable, spatulate 
or slender and curved at apex......----- Scotussa Giglio-Tos 
gg. Tegmina lobiform, lateral, widely separated, or with their inner 

edges nearly, but never quite touching. 
h. Pronotum with the posterior margin rounded or subangulate. 

i. Head very large, the hind portion wider than the pronotum; the 
labrum large. Frontal costa prominently dilated between the 
antenne. Prosternal spine minute. Tegmina lateral, the dor- 
sum of abdomen exposed between them. Subgenital plate 
subglobose at apex, the cerci, except at base, stiliform, bent ° 
MWearels aoe ee Pie oe a 6s SEE Parascopas, new name 

ii. Head large, but not broader than the pronotum; the labrum 
normal. Frontal costa not at all or but little dilated between 
the antennz. Prosternal spine elevated, not minute. Teg- 
mina with their inner edges nearly touching. Subgenital 
plate triangularly produced, the cerci variable. 

j. Male cerci laminately compressed. Chief color.of insect green 


MeORPOMistlioy neue te tom las ok Soe as Chlorus Giglio-Tos 

jj. Male cerci.long and slender, the apex pointed and decuryed. 
Chief color of insect ferruginous. ------ Eurotettix, new genus 

hh. Pronotum with the posterior margin truncate or roundly emar- 
CINMLCE He eee Soe cee ee tar = hase ee eesti Paradichroplus Brunner 


ff. Posterior tibizee generally with less than 8 spines, usually with 6 to 7, 
in outer row. Frontal costa percurrent, straight, not at all or but 
little produced between the antennz. Tegmina and wings fully 
PEC ASIGIO 00 We aS tee EO Neel col San es, as Sieh Dee PO SPAS a Osmilia Stal 


PROCOLPIA MINOR Giglio-Tos. 


Procolpia minor Giaxt1o-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No, 184, IX, 1894, 
pris NOwaris XoV,, L900; p. 3. 


While the collections contain no specimens of this insect, it has 
been reported from Asuncion. 


644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


MUNATIA AUSTRALIS, new species. 


General color browish ferruginous, only varied by having the pro- 
notal carina and a median line on occiput to fastigium testaceous. In 
the male this line is also continued on the dorsal edge of tegmina for 
half their length. Much smaller than J/. punctata Stal, from which 
it differs markedly otherwise by having the pronotal carina blunt and 
smooth instead of thin and irregularly serrate. 

Head rather small, the vertex horizontal, acuminate, extending in 
front of the eyes about twice as far (female) or a trifle more (male) as 
their distance apart, broadly and shallowly suleate; frontal costa 
prominent above, widening gently to just below the ocellus, where the 
carine unite for a short distance and again gently separate and con- 
tinue to the clypeus, just before reaching which they diverge more 
abruptly, sulcate from between the antenne; lateral carine of face 
interrupted, the face provided with several prominent longitudinal 
ruge and elevated points; cheeks also more or less coarsely rugose. 
Pronotum widening posteriorly, very coarsely and sparsely rugose 
above, less so on sides, the last transverse sulcus quite profound, situated 
about the middle; median carina smooth, blunt, not greatly elevated; 
hind margin acute, front margin angulate, with the apex deeply 
notched. Tegmina and wings considerably surpassing the tip of abdo- 
men; the wings yellowish (female) or blue (male) basally, more or less 
fuliginous beyond. Hind femora only moderately robust, quite rough 
and provided with 5 or 6 short spines on outer edge of ope side, as 
long as the abdomen; the inner spines of tibie rather heavy. 

Length of body, male, 27, female, 40; of antenne, male, 14, female, 
16; of pronotum, male, 7.25, female, 10.5; of tegmina, male, 26, 
female, 35; of hind femora, male, 14, female, 20 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9722, U.S.N.M. 

fabitat.—Sapucay, a number of both sexes, W. 'T. Foster, collector. 

PRIONOLOPHA SERRATA (Linnezus). 
Gryllus (Bulla) serratus LINNxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 427. 
Acridium serratum De Grrr, Mém. Ins., III, 1773, p. 493, pl. xx, fig. 6. 
Pamphagus serratus Taunperac, Mém. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 1815, p. 260. 
Niphocera serrata BURMEISTER, Handb. Ent., II, 1888, p. 614. 
Tropinotus serratus SERVILLE, Hist. Ins., Orthopt., 1839, p. 618. 
Acrydium serrato-fasciatum Dr Greer, Mém. Ins., III, 1773, p. 495, pl. xin, fig. 2. 
Pamphagus lateralis TaunBperG, Mém. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 1815, p. 260. 
Prionolopha serrata StAt, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1878, p. 44. 
Several specimens of both sexes are at hand. They come from San 
Pedro, San Bernardino, Sapucay, and Asuncion. Also reported by 

Giglio- Tos. 

A second species of the genus, P. brevipennis, is described by Giglio- 
Tos“ as coming from the Matto Grosso Plateau in Brazil. It may 
also reach northern Paraguay. 


«Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 377, XM; 1900, p. 4. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 645 


TROPINOTUS Serville. 


Since Paraguay seems to be the center of abundance of the species 
belonging to the genus Zrop/notus it might be well to append a brief 
synoptic table for separating all the known forms, together with those 
here described. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Crest of the pronotum more or less crenulate or eyen serrulate posteriorly. Genic- 
ular angles of hind femora acute, a little lengthened. 
}. Tegmina and body cinereous, testaceous, or ferruginous, usually more or less 
mottled with brown. 
c. The markings of tegmina large, forming more or less well-defined bands. 

d. Hind tibize 12-spined. The wings with the anterior field as well as disk 
glider Ml Onrited 61 40): | ee a a a ae rosulentus Stal 
dd. Hind tibize 9-10 spined. The anterior field of wing more or less infuscated. 
e. Hind femora very long, reaching considerably beyond the tip of abdomen 
in both sexes. Crest of pronotum deeply cleft by all three sulci, the 
labessdistinevlyiseparated:s.-- ose. les cle slonee aia nia nt = discoideus Serville 
ee. Hind femora shorter, only reaching the tip of abdomen (female) or but 
little surpassing it (male). Crest of pronotum less deeply cleft, the 

lobes closely approximate. 
f. Larger; general color cinereous or testaceous, the maculation of tegmina, 
composed of several transverse bars and distributed over most of wing. 
g. Wings long, narrow. Carina of pronotum less arched, confined to 
Braziltandesoubmwardleee ese a= sea seem ears = iin i angulatus Stal 
gg. Wings broad, shorter. Carina of pronotua high and strongly 
arched. Yucatan and Honduras. ..----- mexicanus, new species. 4 
ff. Smaller; general color ferrugineo-testaceous, the tegmina with but a 
single triangular basal maculation .....-...----------schulzi Bruner 
cc. Markings of tegmina small, irregularly scattered over the wing save for a 

row in basal half of discal area. 

d. Pronotum short, the crest low, and but little produced posteriorly. Hind 


tibize with 9 spines in outer row ---..--.-..-------- modestus Giglio-Tos 
dd. Pronotum longer, considerably produced posteriorly. Hind tibize with 
LS ainte aM OULer TOWe j9ssiee sme 5-2 mo conspersus Bruner 

bb. Tegmina and body uniformly colored, without maculation or conspersing, 
c. Tegmina, as well as entire body and legs, green....-.--.-- insignis Giglio-Tos 
cc. Tegmina, body and legs uniformly dull brown save a paler dorsal stripe on 
‘HIDE CORTES) ey oe eet URE Ree eo en Sek ee affinis, new species 


aa. Crest of pronotum smooth posteriorly. Genicular angles of hind femora shorter 
and more rounded. 

b. Hind tibize provided with fewer (10) spines in outer row. General color, dark 

PIN ELE OUR Mee err ete tate seein rae Soamiosiosis Cette nome oe regularis Bruner 

bb. Hind tibise provided with more (11-19) spines in outer row. Color variable. 

c. Color largely green; the discal area of tegmina with or without dark spots. 

d. Posterior femora punctate, and with all the carinze nigro-serrate. Hind 

tibize armed with 11 or 12 spines on outer side (San Leopold, Central 

Bia7il eeeeate teas Lake tan Sone as eae seee oe SCOT es EAL 


a These two species are before me as I write, hence are included herewith. The 
Mexican species will be described in the Biologia Centrali Americana when the 
proper place is reached. The other is sufficiently distinct to be recognized by the 
diagnosis given here. This last may also occur in Paraguay. 


646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


dd. Posterior femora nearly smooth, only partially nigro-punctate on the 
carine. Hind tibize armed with 13 to 16 spines on outer row. 

e. Larger and more robust (36 male, 51 female, mm.); the disk of tegmina 
provided with a row of prominent dark subquadrate spots. Hind 
femora rather robust basally. The tibize 13 or 14 spined ---levipes Stal 

ee. Smaller and slenderer (30 male, 40 female, mm.). Disk of tegmina 

immaculate or only showing traces of the discal spots. Sometimes 
with the body and tegmina more or less infuscated. Hind femora 
slender. The tibize 15 to 16 spined. (Sao Paulo, Brazil.) 
gracilis Bruner 4 
cc. Color ochreous or ferrugineo-testaceous. 
d. Hind tibize with 11-12 spines in outer row. Crest of pronotum arcuate. 


Tegmina with a pale costal line-...........---..--: lineatus, new species 
dd. Hind tibize with 18-19 spines in outer row. Crest of pronotum straight. 
Tegmina wathowt,arcostallizie sys = ea a ee ere laufferi Bolivar 


TROPINOTUS DISCOIDEUS Serville. 


Tropinotus discoideus SERVILLE, Hist. Orthopt., 1839, p. 619. 
Tropidonotus discoideus SvAL, Obs. Orthopt., III, 1878, p. 19. 

Habitat.—This insect is represented by 9 male and 12 female speci- 
mens collected by W. T. Foster at Sapucay (coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); 
by others from Asuncion (coll. L. Bruner), and is reported from vari- 
ous Paraguayan localities (Giglio-Tos). 

TROPINOTUS ANGULATUS Stal. 


Tropinotus angulatus SrAu, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1878, p. 44. 
Tropidonotus angulatus StAL, Obs. Orthopt., II, 1878, p. 19. 
Habitat.—Specimens of this species are at hand from Asuncion (L. 
Bruner, collector); it is also credited to Paraguay by Giglio-Tos. 


TROPINOTUS MODESTUS Giglio-Tos. 


Tropidonotus modestus GiGuro-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Forino, IX, 1894, No. 
184, p. 16. 
Habitat.—This species, while not recorded directly from Paraguay, 
was taken in the adjoining parts of the Argentine Chaco. It undoubt- 
edly occurs likewise in Paraguayan territory. 


TROPINOTUS INSIGNIS Giglio-Tos. 


Tropidonotus insignis Giau10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 

p- 16. 
Habitat.—While this insect was first described from northwestern 
Argentina it has since been reported from Cordoba and Santa Fe, and 
from the Bolivian Chaco. It is very likely found in Paraguay as well. 


TROPINOTUS AFFINIS, new species. 
Apparently quite closely related to 7. scabripes Stal, but differing 


from it ina number of points sufliciently to warrant me in describing it 
as new. As compared with that species, ajinzs is a little larger and 


“See footnote on preceding page. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 647 


perhaps a trifle more robust. Its hind femora are rather profusely 
and evenly granulated with black, and have all the carine decidedly 
nigro-serrate as in scabripes. The median carina of the pronotum is 
moderately elevated, evenly and gently arcuate, the transverse sulci 
quite profound but with the different sections more closely approxi- 
mate than in discotdeus, the hind lobe somewhat the longer and acute 
angled behind; lateral carine prominent and bowed outward in middle. 
Tegmina long, slender, tapering; very closely veined on basal half, less 
so on apical, without markings. Posternal spine rather large and long, 
directed posteriorly but not reaching the front edge of the mesoster- 
num, not sulcate in front as in scabripes. 

General color above brownish ferruginous, a little paler below; the 
‘dorsal field of tegmina testaceous; occiput and fastigium of vertex also 
with a narrow line on each side of same color. Hind wings long and 
narrow, the disk orange red; hind margin and obliquely inwardly 
directed band, along with basal half of anterior field dark fuscous, the 
apical portion faintly clouded, the scalariform space transparent, 
vitreous. Hind tibie brownish with a faint lavender tint, the tarsi 
fuscous. Antenne pale on basal half, infuscated apically. 

Length of body, female, 45, of prononotum, 15, of tegmina, 37, of 
hind femora, 24, of antenne, 16 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9732 U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female collected by W. T. 
Foster in February. 

While the writer is unacquainted with 7. scabripes Stal, to which 
this insect seems to be quite closely related, it seems to be distinct. 


TROPINOTUS REGULARIS Bruner. 


Tropinotus regularis Bruner, Ent. News, X VI, 1905, p. 214-215. 

The present collection contains 9 males and 8 females of this insect. 
Since the female was not described when the species was named, and 
because of the material now at hand showing some variation, the addi- 
tional description is here presented. 

Besides being much larger and more robust than the opposite sex, 
some specimens of’ both the male and the female insects exhibit a few 
of the color variations of 7. lewipes Stal, but differ from it by the 
much shorter and more robust hind femora and in being either alto- 
gether or largely brown and black. The female, like the male, has the 
discal field of the tegmina regularly maculate with black quadrate spots 
well toward the apex. In some specimens the dorsum of pronotum is 
largely and the tegmina above the discal row of maculations entirely 
green, in others the lower apical half and a narrow subcostal stripe on 
the basal half is cinereous.. Hind femora prominently provided with 
dusky bands externally and above, the lower sulcus and inner face 
testaceous; the hind tibiz testaceous more or less regularly conspersed 
with fuscous. 


648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Length of body, male, 28, female, 43; of pronotum, male, 9, female, 
14: of tegmina, male, 24, female, 31; of hind femora, male, 16.5, female, 
24; of antenne, male, 10, female, 14 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9720, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, November to March, 9 males and 8 
females collected by W.. T. Foster (coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). It is also 
represented by a single male each in the collection of the Philadelphia 
Academy of Sciences and in the private one of the writer. 


TROPINOTUS SCABRIPES Stal. 


Tropidonotus scabripes Stat, Obs. Orthopt., III, 1878, p. 19. 
Tropinotus scabripes BRuNER, Ent. News, X VI, 1905, p. 215. 
Habitat.—Recorded from central Brazil in company with the fol- 
lowing species. It is very evidently also to be found in northern 
Paraguay, since the species of this genus seem to be rather widely dis- 
tributed if suitable environment is to be had. 


TROPINOTUS L/EVIPES Stal. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 7. 


Tropidonotus levipes StAL, Obs. Orthopt., III, 1878, p. 20. 
Tropinotus levipes BRUNER, Ent. News, X VI, 1905, p. 215. 
Habitat.—Four males and four females, Sapucay, Paraguay, col- 
lected by W. T. Foster. 
This is by far the commonest species in Argentina and is found as 
far south as Buenos Aires. 


TROPINOTUS GRACILIS Bruner. 


Tropinotus gracilis Bruner, Ent. News, X VI, 1905, p. 215. 
This, the most slender of the known forms, will probably be found 
in eastern Paraguay, as well as about Sao Paulo, Brazil, the locality 
from which the type specimens were obtained. 


TROPINOTUS LINEATUS, new species. 


A medium sized, rather robust insect, the general color of which is 
dark ferruginous to brown. Pronotal crest smooth; the genicular 
lobes of the hind femora not greatly elongate nor acute. Disk of the 
tegmina very obscurely maculate with large brown patches distrib- 
uted similarly to those in désco¢deus, and provided with a narrow sub- 
costal testaceous line that reaches from the base to a little beyond the 
middle. 

Head of medium size, nearly as wide above as below; the occiput pro- 
vided with a well-defined longitudinal median carina which extends to 
the fastigium of the vertex; vertex nearly (male) or quite (female) as 
broad as the longest diameter of one of the eyes, fastigium a little less 
than a right angle, the walls prominent; frontal costa only moderately 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 649 


prominent, narrowed above, gently suleate and more (female) or less 
(male) strongly punctate; face quite strongly punctate, cheeks some- 
what rugose; antenne with the joints of basal half somewhat depressed. 
Pronotum strongly crested, the median carina smooth, plainly cut by 
all three of the transverse sulci; lateral carine also cut by the sulci, 
in some specimens faintly crenulate;. disk granulose, and on the hind 
lobe provided on each side with four or five fine ridges parallel to lat- 
eral margins; lateral lobes profusely punctate; hind and front margins 
both acute, the hind lobe nearly twice as long as the front one. Teg- 
mina profusely veined on basal, less so on apical half, extending beyond 
the tip of hind femora and abdomen in the two sexes; hind femora 
moderately robust, the superior carina plainly serrate, genicular lobes 
subacute, not greatly elongated. Last ventral segment of male abdo- 
men cuneate, the middle strongly varinate. 

General color dark ferruginous to brown, in some individuals largely 
green on occiput, disk of pronotum and the anterior and posterior 
fields of the tegmina; disk of latter more or less strongly marked with 
large brown or fuscous patches as in d/scoideus. Principal longitudi- 
nal veins basal half of tegmina black conspersed with yellow or testa- 
ceous. The characteristic color feature of the tegmina is, however, 
the narrow pale stripe between the median and subcostal veins, and 
which has suggested the specific name. Hind femora granulose, the 
carina more or less strongly conspersed with black on the serrations. 
Hind tibize with the spines black tipped. 

Length of body, male, 32, female, 40-42; of pronotum, male, 13, 
female, 15.5-17; of tegmina, male, 26, female, 34; of hind femora, 
male, 18, female, 23-24 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9733 U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Several specimens of both sexes at Sapucay, Paraguay, 


by W. T. Foster. 


ALCAMENES Stal. 
TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Pronotum with the median carina tectiformly elevated. The posterior lobe much 
longer than the anterior one. 
b. Anterior and middle sulci of the pronotum obsolete above. Tegmina twice 
maculate. Hind tibize 12-13 spined in outer row. .------.---- granulatus Stal 
bb. Anterior and middle sulci of the pronotum strongly impressed, cutting the 
crest. Tegminaimmaculate. Hind tibize 10-11 spined in outer row. 
cristatus, new species 
aa. Pronotum with the median carina only moderately elevated. The posterior 
lobe shorter than the anterior one. 
b. Body slender. The posterior sulcus of the pronotum a little more prominent 
than the others. Posterior margin obtuse. The hind femora slender. 
brevicollis Stal 
bb. Body heavy. The posterior sulcus of the pronotum strongly impressed. Pos- 
terior margin®a right angle. The hind femora tumid at the base. 
clarazianus Pictet and Saussure 


650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


ALCAMENES CRISTATUS, new species. 


Rather above the medium, moderately robust (female), or somewnat 
slender (male), the two sexes very unequal in size. Uniformly grass- 
green, or sometimes bruneo-testaceous above, in the former specimens 
provided with a brownish purple line along the lateral carinz and hind 
margin of dorsum of pronotum. The dorsal field of the tegmina also 
more or less tinged with this color. All the tibiz and antenne more 
or less strongly infuscated. Venter pale yellowish. 

Body greatly compressed, much higher than broad. Head about as 
wide as the front edge of the pronotum, eyes small, elongate, in the 
male not quite, in the female a trifle more than, one-half as long as the 
cheeks below them, rather widely separated above; occiput somewhat 
inflated and provided with a series of fine transverse ridges or rug; 
fastigium of the vertex nearly horizontal, broadly triangular, with a 
fine longitudinal median carina that continues posteriorly to the occi- 
put; frontal costa moderately prominent between the antenne, quite 
narrow above but evenly broadening below, punctate nearly through- 
out and very gently sulcate in the vicinity of the ocellus. Antenne 
of moderate length, somewhat incrassate, the basal joints depressed 
but not sufficiently so to give to these members even a subensiform 
appearance, inserted between the upper portion of the eyes. Prono- 
tum tectiform, broadly and evenly arched, rugose at sides, coarsely 
granulose above, the anterior lobe shorter than the posterior; the 
transverse sulci continuous, severing both the lateral and median carine, 
anterior and posterior edges acutely produced on occiput and over the 
base of tegmina; lateral carine finely crenulate, the median smooth, 
and the lower lateral edges provided with a series of smooth pale 
tubercles. Tegmina coriaceous, very profusely and minutely veined, 
somewhat abbreviated, elongate triangular, their apices reaching two- 
thirds (female) or nearly four-fifths to the tip of the abdomen, without 
maculation. Wings not aslong as tegmina. Hind femora slender, in 
the males a little surpassing, in the’females not quite reaching, the tip 
of the abdomen. Prosternal spine coarse, robust, long, curved to the 
rear and tapering on apical half, the tip reaching over the base of 
mesosternum. 

Length of body, male, 36; female, 53; of antenne, male and female, 
13.5; of pronotum, male, 19; female, 23; of tegmina, male, 17; female, 
23; of hind femora, male, 20; female, 25 mm. 

Type.--Cat. No. 9723, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 9 males, 9 females, and 1 nymph. 
W. T. Foster, collector. 

At first glance this insect, on account of its long and strongly crested 
pronotum, reminds one of a short-winged and diminutive Prionolopha 
serrata Whieh occurs in the same region. The genera Alcamenes and 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 651 


Prionolopha seem to be quite closely related—much more so than 
Tropinotus and Prionolopha are. 

Possibly one or two of the other species of the genus may reach 
Paraguay as well. 


ELZOCHLORA Stal. 


ELAZOCHLORA TRILINEATA (Serville). 


Niphicera trilineata SERVILLE, Hist. Orthopt., 1859, p. 614. 
Elzeochlora trilineata SvAt, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1875, p. 46. 
Habitat. —Originally described from Brazil. Reported as coming 
from Paraguay by Giglio-Tos. 
I do not know this species. 


ELAZOCHLORA VIRIDICATA (Serville). 
Plate XX XVI, fig. 9, female. Plate eevee ey fig. 7, male. 


Xiphicera viridicata SERVILLE, Hist. Orthopt., 1839, p. 614. 
Elzxochlora viridicata SvAt, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1875, p. 46. 
Habitat.—Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. Represented 
in the collections from Sapucay, which were taken by W. T. Foster. 
This insect was found in Argentina attacking a species of Solana- 
ceous plant of which it seemed very fond. 
Other species of the genus occur throughout tropical America and 
some of which are sure to be found in Paraguay. 


CHROMACRIS Walker. 


CHROMACRIS MILES (Drury). 


Gryllus miles Drury, Exot. Ins., I, 1773, pl. xu, fig. 2. 
Rhomalea speciosa THunBerG, Mém. Acad. St. Petersb., IX, 1824, p. 104, pl xiv, 
fig. 1. 

Acridium speciosum SERVILLE, Hist. Orthopt., 1859, p. 673. 

Rhomalea miles var B. Prerer and Saussure, Cat. Acrid., 1887, p. 20. 

Chromacris speciosa WALKER, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV, 1870, p. 644. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, several specimens collected by W. T. 

Foster. Also recorded by Pictet and Saussure (in their Catalogue d’ 
- Acridiens, p. 20), as coming from this country. 


CHROMACRIS STOLLI (Pictet and Saussure). 
Plate XXX VIII, fig. 2. 


Gryllus miles Stott, Sauter., 1787, pl. xv1b, fig. 60. 
Rhomalea stolli Prcrer and Saussurg, Cat. Acridiens, 1887, -p. 21. 
Chromacris stolli Reum, Ent. News, X VI, 1905, p. 38. 


Habitat.—No specimens are at hand from Paraguayan territory, but 
it is recorded as coming from there by Rehn. It is also a common 
insect in northern Argentina and some parts of Brazil. 


652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Chromacris nuptialis (Gerstaecker) should also occur within the 
borders of Paraguay as it is found in adjoining portions of Argentina, 
Bolivia, and Brazil. 

ZONIOPODA Stal. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Body and tegmina mostly green or greenish. Wings generally czrulean. 
b. Pronotum unicolorous, in no wise striped or banded with yellow or testaceous. 
c. Larger (male, 40, female, 52mm.). Hind femora provided with a transverse 
preapical black band on each side...-.......--....-.----- 4. juncorum Berg 
cc. Smaller (male, 30, female, 36 mm.). Hind femora entirely green 
3. theringi Pictet and Saussure 
bb. Pronotum more or less longitudinally striped with yellow or testaceous. 
c. All the legs fasciate with red, yellow, and black. Head largely red 
1. tarsata Serville 
cc. Legs not fasciate with varied colors. Head without the red 
2. similis, new species 
aa. Body, as well as legs, varied with fuscous or black; the tegmina variable. 
b. Tegmina dark olive to black, the longitudinal veins yellow or testaceous. 
Wings cerulean. 
c. Pronotum longitudinally black and yellow striped. 
d. Head largely blood-red <. 225-4220). See 8. omnicolor Blanchard 
dd. Head ‘not varied with red: 223-34 26 2 a eee 7. emarginata Stal 
cc. Pronotum not longitudinally striped with black and yellow. 
d. Pronotum glossy black bordered broadly behind and narrowly in front with 
pale testaceous or dirty white. Body and limbs largely black 
6. evilipes, new species 
dd, Pronotum chiefly yellow or testaceous, with a median and a subfrontal 
black band. Body and limbs largely pale. Knees, coxse and head red 
5. Jissicauda, new species 
bb. Tegmina blackish-fuscous tessellate with yellow. Wings red..9. picta Bolivar 


ZONIOPODA TARSATA (Serville). 
Plate XXX VII, fig: 2. 
Acridium tarsatum SeRVILLE, An. Se. Nat., XX, 1831, p. 283. 
Zoniopoda tarsata SvAL, Recens. Orthopt., 1, 1873, p. 51. 
Acridium cruentatum Buancnarp, in D’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., VI, 
1837-1843, Pt. 2, Ins., p. (216), pl. xxv, fig. 5. 

Habitat.—Several specimens of both sexes, taken by W. T. Foster, 
at Sapucay, are before me. It is also reported by Giglo-Tos as com- 
ing from Paraguay. It is exceedingly common in Argentina, Brazil, 
Bolivia, and Uraguay as well, where it is the most prevalent species 
of the genus. 

This insect frequents low, wet places, and is most frequently met 
with on aquatic plants. 


ZONIOPODA SIMILIS, new species. 


A slender green species, with rough pronotum and low, pale median 
carina that recalls Z. tavsata, minus the banded legs and bright red 
markings of head. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 653 


Head moderately large, slightly wider than the front edge of the pro- 
notum; the eyes moderately prominent and separated by a space about 
equal to their longest diameter; fastigium short, broadly triangular, 
and separated from the vertex by a deep transverse furrow; frontal 
costa with its sides nearly parallel, deeply sulcate, and continuous to 
clypeus; face coarsely punctate. Pronotum slender, subcylindrical, as 
broad in front as behind, a little contracted in the middle, both later- 
ally and from above, giving the insect a strangulated appearance; the 
two lobes about equal in length, the transverse sulci rather distinct 
but not profound; posterior edge obtusangulate, the front edge a little 
rounded. Tegminaa trifle narrower than in farsata, as long (female) 
or a little surpassing the tip of abdomen (male). Hind femora slen- 
der, not reaching the apex of the abdomen in either sex. Last ventral 
segment of male abdomen moderately long and pointed, the apex 
deeply fissate, and in this respect approaching fisstcauda. 

General color, pale olive-green, with some tinge of yellowish on sides 
and disk of pronotum, and in the male also rose tinted about the coxee 
and face; wings pale blue. Legs nonfasciate, the hind tibize pale 
greenish yellow, their apices and the tarsi carmine. Antenne uni- 
colorous, black or blackish, except basal joint, which is tinged with red. 

Length, male, 31, female, 45; of pronotum, male, 6, female, 5; of 
tegmina, male, 26, female, 35; of hind femora, male, 15.5, female, 21. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9734, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, January to March, W. T. Foster, 2 
males, 2 females. 


ZONIOPODA IHERINGI Pictet and Saussure. 


Zoniopoda iheringi Prcrer and Saussure, Cat. Acridiens, 1887, p. 27. 
Habitat.—The collections before me contain a number of specimens 
of both sexes of this Brazilian insect that were collected at Sapucay. 
It is also reported by Rehn as coming from Paraguay. 
The writer is in possession of a male specimen of this or a closely 
allied species which has the radial portion of its wings bright rose 
color instead of czerulean. 


ZONIOPODA JUNCORUM Berg. 


Zoniopoda juncorum Bere, in Pictet and Saussure, Cat. Acridiens, 1887, p. 26. 
Habitat.—W hile the collections before me do not contain specimens 
of this beautiful acridian it is reported as coming from a number of 
localities in Argentina and Bolivia adjoining. Giglio-Tos records it 
from Paraguay. 


ZONIOPODA FISSICAUDA, new species. 


About the size and form of Z. tarsata, Serville, but differing from 
it in having the pronotum shorter and much smoother and the median 
carina stronger than there. Instead of longitudinal pale stripes the 


654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ~~ vou. xxx. 


pronobuink is prov ided with two | conspicuous black collar-like bands, 
one median and the other just back of the anterior edge. The aa: 
men is alternately yellow and black-banded, the pleura obliquely yel-. 
low and black alternately and the venter yellow. The tegmina have 
the longitudinal veins yellow and the interspaces transparent bluish 
lead color, which when folded over the czerulean wings gives to them 
the appearance of being alternately dark and pale streaked. The head, 
front, and middle femora, coxe, and knees of hind legs red, hind 
femora and tibie yellow, the former thrice banded with black, the 
latter basally and at the apex also black, tarsi and apex of remaining 
tibiz likewise black. There are also black bands on both the middle 
and anterior femora. 

The characteristic feature of this species, however, is the very long 
last ventral segment of the male abdomen, which is fissured to its 
base, giving to this region the appearance of being provided with 
exceedingly long cerci which cross at their apices scissor-like. 

are of body, male, 35; female, 45; of pronotum, male, 6.4; 
female, 8.5; of tegmina, male, 33; force! 40; of hind femora, ale 
1: eS 22 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9735 U.S.N.M. 

Sapucay, Paraguay, January, W. T. Foster. One male 
and 1 female. 


ZONIOPODA EXILIPES, new species. 


Very similar in general appearance to Z. omnicolor Blanchard, but 
differing from that species in the absence of reddish tints about the 
head and the longitudinal bands on the. pronotum. It also differs 
from that insect by lacking the bands on the anterior and middle legs. 

Head a trifle inflated, smooth; the vertex rather broad, one and one- 
half (male), or nearly twice as wide (female) as the shortest diameter 
of the eyes, separated from the occiput by a well-defined transverse 
impression; frontal costa rather broad, continuous to clypeus, the sides 
pinched below the ocelus, flat and coarsely punctate above, sulcate at 
ocellus and for one-half the distance below; antenne black, nearly or 
quite as long as the hind femora. Pronotum with the anterior lobe 
smooth, tripartite, subtectate on the dorsum, the transverse sulci 
broad and de ep; poster ior lobe flat above, slsseeand finely granulate, 
the median carina blunt, hind margin obtuse-angled, front margin entire 
subangled. Tegmina complete in the male and slightly surpassing 
the tip of the abdomen; in the female somewhat abbreviated, a little 
more than half the length of the abdomen. Hind femora very slender, 
not reaching the tip of abdomen even in the male; middle and anterior 
femora also slenderer than usual in the genus. 

General color glossy black, varied on the margins of the face, the 
anterior and posterior edges of pronotum, the hind edges of meso- and 
metathorax and abdominal segments, as well as on the front and hind 


NO. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 655 


cox and the longitudinal veins of the tegmina with testaceous. Occi- 
put and hind portion of gene dirty yellow. Hind femora with base, 
apex, and two bands yellowish testaceous; ftibie black, in nowise 
banded. Wings dusky, bluish tinted basally. 

Length of body, male 37, female 49; of antenne, male 17, female 
15; of pronotum, male 7, female 9.5; of tegmina, male 30, female 21; 
of hind femora, male 17, female 19 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9719, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 2 males and 1 female. 

This insect’s relationship to its allies may be seen by a reference to 
the accompanying synoptic table. Whether or not emarginata Stal 
and omnicolor Blanchard are distinct, Iam unable to say. 


ZONIOPODA EMARGINATA Stal. 
Zoniopoda emarginata StAL, Recens. Orthopt., I, 18738, p. 52. 

Habitat.—Stal gives Brazil as the habitat, while Pictet and Saussure 
simply say ‘‘Amerique méridionale.” 

Whether or not this species is distinct from ommnicolor Blanchard, 1 
am unable to say. If it is, it may also be looked for in Paraguay. 

ZONIOPODA OMNICOLOR (Blanchard). 
Plate XX XVII, fig. 3. 
Acridium omnicolor BLANCHARD, in D’Orbigny Voy. Amer. Merid., VI, 1837-43, 
Pt) Ings, p. 216) pl: xxvir, fe: 3. 
Zoniopoda omnicolor BrunkER, Locusts of Argent., 1900, p. 61, fig. 27. 

Habitat.—Several specimens are at hand from Sapucay, Paraguay. 
They were taken by W. T. Foster. It is also reported by Giglio-Tos 
and Rehn as a Paraguayan insect. 

This species occurs rather commonly at Cordoba, in Argentina, 
where it is found in colonies upon special food plants, after the manner 
of Chromacris stolli. 

ZONIOPODA PICTA Bolivar. 
Zoniopoda picta Bouivar, Viaje Pacif., Orthopt., 1884, p. 37. 

FHabitat.—lf the writer has rightfully determined this insect, it may 
also be found in Paraguay. It is not reported from that country by 
the authors already referred to in connection with the preceding 
species. 

TROPIDACRIS Scudder. 
TROPIDACRIS DUX (Drury)? 
Gryllus du« Drury, Illustr. Nat. Hist., I[, 1837, new ed., pl. xurv. 

Habitat.—Giglio-Tos refers to this insect as being found at Asun- 
cion, Paraguay. Jt is not represented in any of the collections at 


hand. 


656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


For a discussion of the synonomy the reader is referred to Scudder’s 
paper on ‘*A study of the giant lobe-crested grasshoppers of South 
and Central America.” 

Another species of the genus, Z. cristata, is common along the 
northwestern borders of Argentina and northward. It is barely pos- 
sible that it also reaches the mountainous portions of Paraguay. 


DIPONTHUS Stal. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


i. Tubercle of the prosternum acuminate, retro-arcuate. 
». General color green or olive; tegmina immaculate, the margins pale. 

c. Grass-green; the tegmina grass-green; wings greenish hyaline. Posterior 
femora on outer face not transversely banded; the tibize green, not dotted 
with blacks. os2. eit te Se ee eee electus Serville 

ce. Olive-green; tegmina dilute fuscous; wings subhyalie, rose-color basally, the 

nervures brown. Posterior femora on the outer face with two bands and 

the condyle black or blackish; hind tibize with base, apex, and spines 

black . 322.24 s-et i og s See Shee eee see eee ee dispar Gerstaecker 
bb. General color ochraceous or fuscous; tegmina maculate. 

c. Wings blue, the apex bordered with brown; hind tibize black and yellow 


annulate nob black-dottedae o=as= eae eae eee ee eee festivus Gerstaecker 
cc. Wings rose color, tesselate with black; hind tibize yellow, dotted with black, 
apex and! base dubkiy. 22-2 eee ae clarazianus Pictet and Saussure 


aa. Tubercle of the prosternum straight, not retroarcuate. 

b. Pronotum with the pale lines percurrent, three dorsal, straight; two lateral, 
suboblique. Body and legs yellow, black, and red; tegmina black tesselate 
with yellowe 2272.2 iy a ee Bee ee puelchus Pictet and Saussure 

bb. Pronotum with the pale lines not percurrent, except the dorsal one alone in 

some instances. 
c. Larger (male, 40, female, 51 mm.). Testaceous conspersed with black. 
nigro-conspersus Stal 
cc. Smaller (male, 24-29, female 30-40 mm.). Color variable. 
d. Body and legs not black spotted. 

e. Tegmina for the most part olivaceous or greenish, but slightly maculate 
withiduskyc226 Joc tisco omelet re ee ees ee permistus Serville 

ee. Tegmina decidedly obscure maculate. 
Jf. Anterior and middle legs not largely black; general color dull testaceous, 
INCLININ Ss LOsOLO Wil see ee ae ee paraguayensis, new species 

Jf. Anterior and middle legs largely black. 
g. Pronotum largely black, the bands bright yellow, head and knees 
ornamented with) redsa aso scee es ae eee eee schulzi Bruner 
gg. Pronotum when black only so on the anterior lobe, the bands testa- 
ceous. Head and knees without red. -argentinus Pictet and Saussure 
dd. Body and legs conspicuously conspersed with black. 

e. Body and legs strongly tinged with rufousor red. Antenne unicolorous, 
black 222 26522 82.6 2 os he eee pycnostictus Pictet and Saussure 
ee. Body and legs along with tegmina greenish or olivaceous. Antenne 
annulate with: palé:.<>.ce se esce. eee cee eee communis Bruner 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 657 


DIPONTHUS PARAGUAYENSIS, new species. 


About the size and form of YD. schu/zi Bruner, but differing from | 
that species in having the veins of tegmina, the legs and pronotum, 
together with body testaceous. The darker portions of head, prono- 
tum, and legs in this form are dark olive instead of deep black, as in 
the species to which it has been compared. The present species also 
lacks the red markings of the head and knees of that insect. 

Head rather small, the fastigium depressed, the vertex between the 
eyes a little wider than the broadest part of the frontal costa, the latter 
of nearly equal width throughout (female) or with the sides decidedly 
convergent below (male), flat above, sulcate at and below the ocellus. 
Pronotum short, rather coarsely and profusely punctate above and on 
sides of hind lobe, the latter a very little longer than the anterior one; 
hind margin very broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings reaching 
beyond the abdomen in both sexes. Hind femora as long as the 
abdomen. 

The median line of head and pronotum above fades posteriorly, 
while the oblique lines on the sides of latter are bordered below by a 
slight infuscation. The cells of the tegmina are fuliginous, with the 
veins and cross-veins and the edgings of the membrane to a consider- 
able extent testaceous. This gives to these members the appearance 
of being testaceous and rather evenly conspersed with dull black. The 
wings deep rose, the apices pale, with dusky veins. Hind femora 
crossed above by two dark bands; the outer and inner faces have in 
addition a basal blotch and the upper half of the genve dark—the latter 
black; hind tibize olivaceous or testaceous, the apex and hind tarsi infus- 
cated. Antenne dark colored annulate with paler. 

Length of body, male 25, female 32; of pronotum, male 4.4, female 
5.5; of tegmina, male 22, feniile 98: of hind femora, male 12.5, female 
16 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9724, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Two specimens, male and female, from Sapucay, Para- 
euay (coll. L. Bruner); Sapucay, Paraguay, several specimens of both 
sexes taken by W. T. Foster (coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 

It is possible that both D. dispar and D. festivus of Gerstaecker 
will also be found to occur in Paraguayan territory. One of the 
species of this genus, 2. communis Bruner, is figured herewith on 


Plate XXXVIJ, fig. 6 


LEPTYSMA Stal. 


An examination of all the American locusts that fall into the genus 
Leptysma would indicate that it contains a much larger number of 
species than generally has been conceded; and, as is recognized at 
present, it is composed of two series of species, namely, the one more 


Proe. N. M. vol. xxx—06——42 


658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


robust and belonging to North America, and represented by L. margini- 
collis; the other more slender and belonging to South America, with 
L. filiformis as a type. There are at least four readily separable 
forms of the latter group before me as I write. They may be sepa- 
rated by the accompanying key: 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Apex of male abdomen simple, acuminate. Hind tibize with numerous (11 to 17) 
spines in outer row. Sides of head, pronotum, and pleura with a decided nar- 
row ferruginous or piceous band. 

b. Larger (male 27 mm. long). Hind tibize 17-spined. [Central Argentina. ] 
argentina, new species 
bb. Smaller (male 25, female 30-32 mm. long). Hind tibiz 11-spined. [Sao - 
Paulo, Brazil. | 260 oc eee aces es eee eee gracilis, new species 
aa. Apex of male abdomen complex, provided with two rather widely separated, 
backward projecting, slender fingers, between and above which there is a 
large contorted process. Hind tibize with 7 to 11 spines in outer row. Sides 

of head, pronotum, and pleura less decidedly piceous-banded. 

b. Smaller and slenderer (male 30, female 33-37 mm. long)----jiliformis (Serville) 
bb, Larger and more robust (male 33, female 40-43 mm. long) . obscura (Thunberg) 


LEPTYSMA FILIFORMIS (Serville)? 


There are + males and 4 females before me from Sao Paulo, Brazil, 
which are placed here. I am not quite sure, however, of the deter- 
mination, although the measurement agrees with that given by Ser- 
ville in his description of the species. This insect is credited to 
Paraguay by Giglio-Tos, and to Argentina by Stal. 


LEPTYSMA OBSCURA (Thunberg) ? 


There are a number of specimens (4 males and 10 females) in the 
National collection from Sapucay, Paraguay. These were collected 
by W.T. Foster. The writer also collected in Paraguay, when several 
specimens of both sexes were taken at San Bernardino. All of these 
are larger and somewhat more robust than those referred to above as 
possibly being L. 7/iformis Serville. They have accordingly been 
placed under Thunberg’s obscura. 


LEPTYSMINA Giglio-Tos. 
LEPTYSMINA PALLIDA Giglio-Tos 
Plate XX XVIII, fig. 1. 
Leptysmina pallida GiGio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 30. 

Habitat.— Although this insect is not represented in the collections 
at hand, nor seems to have been reported from Paraguayan territory, 
it was originally described from Resistencia, Argentina, almost on the 
borders of Paraguay. It is quite sure to be taken later. The writer 
has a specimen, presumably of this species, taken by himself at Vic- 
toria, Brazil. 


! 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 659 


ARNILIA Stal. 
ARNILIA CYLINDRODES Stal. 
Opsomala cylindrodes SvAu, Freg. Eugene Resa, Ins. Orthopt., 1860, p. 325.- 

' Arnilia cylindrodes Stax, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 85. 

This insect was described originally as coming from Rio Janeiro, 
Brazil, by its author, and later by himself credited to North Carolina 
as well. Not having specimens of the genus from Rio Janeiro or other 
Brazilian localities that agree with Stal’s description, it has not been 
recognized by me. I am inclined, however, to consider the North 
Carolina insect as distinct from the Brazilian. 

Giglio-Tos credits cylindrodes to Paraguay. 


ARNILIA GRACILIS Giglio-Tos. 


Two males of a slender Arnzl/ia, which the writer collected in 1897 
at San Bernardino, Paraguay are referred here. 


ARNILIA COCCINEIPES, new species. 


Related to Arnilia viridis Serville, but a trifle larger and differing 
from it in several other respects. General color pale green above, 
without the lateral white lines of v/7/d7s and other related species of the 
genus. Antenne ferruginous. The dorsum of abdomen also lacks 
the red of #77dis, while in the present insect the entire hind tibiz are 
red, instead.of merely the base and apex. 

Insect more or less distinctly hirsute throughout, but not profusely 
so except on lower side of abdomen near its apex. Form cylindrical, 
slender, the tegmina and wings extending considerably beyond the 
tip of the abdomen; the former acuminate, rather closely veined on 
basal half, less so on apical half. Head smooth, the occiput as long 
as the anterior lobe of the pronotum, the eyes rather large and mod- 
erately prominent, very little more pointed above than below, much 
longer (nearly twice the length) than the cheeks below them; face 
strongly oblique; vertex rather broad, nearly (male) or quite as wide as 
the frontal costa in its broadest part (female); the fastigium fairly prom- 
inent, a little wider than long, and with the anterior angle somewhat 
rounded, the margin a trifle elevated; frontal costa prominent above 
where it is considerably expanded between the base of the antenne; 
below this with the sides parallel, deeply sulcate throughout. Prono- 
tum cylindrical, rather shallowly but profusely punctate; the median 
carina visible only on the posterior lobe; tranverse sulci well defined, 
the last situated back of the middle; front edge subtruncate, hind 
edge broadly rounded. Meso-and metapleura closely punctate, pectus 
smooth. Hind femora moderately robust, shorter than the abdomen 
in both sexes. Hind tibiz with 7 spines in outer row. Prosternum 
robust, the apex truncate, rather larger than at base. Last ventral seg- 


660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


ment of male abdomen long and narrow, slightly curved upward, the 
apical third with the sides nearly parallel, the point blunt, entire; 
supraanal plate broad on basal half, suddenly contracted on the apical 
half, and produced into a rather narrow triangle, the apex of which is 
acute; basal portion bordered with a rather high wali and with two 
median longitudinal carinze; marginal apophyses, longitudinal carine, 
and base of lateral border black. Cerci rather robust, of the usual 
form in this group, unicolorous-pale. Valves of the ovipositor strongly 
and quite evenly toothed, the serrations deep piceous. 

Length of body, male, 32; female, 40; of pronotum, male, 5.15; 
female, 6.5; of tegmina, male, 29; female, 36; of hind femora, male, 
15.5; female, 18 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9736, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—San Bernardino and Asuncion, Paraguay, in September 
several specimens of both sexes (L. Bruner); 1 female, Sapucay, Par- 
aguay (W.'T. Foster), in February; Victoria, Brazil, in May (L. Bruner), 
1 female. 

As indicated above, this insect bears some resemblance to Opsomala 
viridis Serville,” but differs from it in lacking the pale lines on sides 
of body as well as in the absence of the blood-red markings on the 
abdomen and the pale band on the hind tibie. 


OXYBLEPTELLA Giglio-Tos. 
OXYBLEPTELLA SAGITTA Giglio-Tos. 


Oxybleptella sagitta GicL10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 33, fig. 7. 
Habitat.—Villa Rica, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not contained in the 
material before me, but represented by several specimens received 
from Sao Paulo, Brazil. 


INUSIA Giglio-Tos. 
INUSIA PALLIDA, new species. 


Female.—A pale green insect with the yellowish lower half of sides 
of pronotum, cheeks, and pleura separated from the dorsal region by 
a narrow, obscure piceous band. Head, pronotum, and sides of meso- 
and metathorax profusely but not deeply punctate. 

Head small, a little narrower than the front edge of the pronotum; 
the eyes of medium size, not at all prominent, separated above by a 
space a little broader than the widest part of the frontal costa; fas- 
tigium horizontal, triangular, about three-fourths as long as one of the 
eyes, the extreme apex bluntly rounded; frontal costa a little promi- 
nent, slightly widest between the antenne, sulcate throughout and 


«Rey. Mét. Ins., Orthopt., p. 77. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYVAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 661 


continuous to the clypeus. Antennz with the basal joints depressed. 
Pronotum somewhat expanded on posterior lobe, the last transverse 
sulcus decidedly back of the middle; anterior edge roundly advanced 
upon the occiput, the posterior margin of disk also broadly rounded, 
but little elongated. Tegmina and wings extending nearly one-third 
of their length beyond the apex of the abdomen, the former a little 
broadened toward the apex, the latter subacuminate. Hind femora 
moderately robust, almost as long as the abdomen; hind tibiz with 7 
spines in outer row and 10 in the inner. Mesosternal lobes with their 
inner edge evenly rounded, separated by a space nearly as broad as long. 
Prosternal spine moderately robust, bent backward and acuminate. 

General color above pale green, the lower portion of cheeks, sides 
of pronotum; pleura and venter flavous, bordered above from the 
back edge of eyes to the base of tegmina by a narrow inconspicuous 
fuscous band. Hind tibize dull plumbeous, the tarsi reddish. Antenne 
ferruginous. 

Length of body, female, 27.5; of pronotum, 5.1; of tegmina, 21; of 
hind femora, 14 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9787, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female specimen (W. T. 
Foster). 

The type of the genus, 7. gracillima Giglio-Tos, may reach Para- 
guayan territory, as it was taken at Caiza, in the Bolivian Chaco. 
Judging from its description, it must be a much slenderer insect than 
pallida. Other species of the genus occur in northern South American 
regions, as well as in Central America and southern Mexico. 


STENOPOLA Stal. 
STENOPOLA PUNCTICEPS Stal. 


Opsomala puncticeps SvAu, Freg. Eugene Resa, Ins., Orthopt., 1860, p. 3265. 
Stenopola ( Oxyblepta) puncticeps SrAu, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1875, p. 84. 
Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster, collector. Also re- 
ported by Giglio-Tos as coming from Paraguay. 
STENOPOLA BOHLSII Giglio-Tos. 
Stenopola bohlsii Graii0-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., VIII, p. 813. 
? Stenopola puncticeps Gia.10o-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. dl. 

Habitat.—A number of specimens of both sexes are before me from 
Sapucay, Paraguay, most, if not all, of which were collected by W. T. 
Foster. It is represented in the collections of the author and that of 
the U. S. National Museum. It was described from Paraguayan 
specimens. 


662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. XXX, 


PARACORNOPS Giglio-Tos. 


This genus is based on the insect which has been determined by 
Giglio-Tos as De Geer’s Acridium longipenne which, according to that 
author, came from Surinam (Dutch Guiana). Without having material 
from that country for comparison, it would be a difficult matter to defi- 
nitely recognize the insect to which De Geer gave the name longipenne. 

Be this as it may, Stal thought that he recognized in an insect from 
Brazil De Geer’s species, and placed it in Scudder’s genus Cornops.“ 
Later Giglio-Tos’ recognized the generic distinctness of Cornops bivit- 
tatum Scudder and the Acridium longipenne De Geer. He therefore 
suggested the name Paracornops for the De Geerian species. 

By a rather careful study of the description and figure it would 
appear that if De Geer’s insect really occurs in the region under con- 
sideration in the present paper, and is contained in the material at 
hand, we will have to tabulate the species as follows: 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Upper valves of ovipositor provided externally with 4 or 5 large teeth. General 
color of insect greenish ferruginous above, testaceous on sides and below. More 
finely and closely punctate. 

b. Smaller (male 19, female 25 mm.). The lower lateral edges of pronotum some- 
WHat sINUBte:s:..G2.-o0 nce ee ae ee eae ee eens longipenne (De Geer) 
bb. Larger (male —?, female 33). The lower edges of pronotum not sinuous. 
paraguayense, new species 
aa. Upper valves of the ovipositor provided externally with 6 or 7 small teeth. 
General color of insect grass-green or olivaceous above, greenish yellow below. 
More coarsely and sparsely punctate. 
6. Punctuation of pronotum and pleura quite regularly distributed, leaving no 
decided glabrous patches. Hind femora much surpassing the abdomen. 
aquaticum, new species 
bb. Punctuation of pronotum and pleura somewhat irregularly distributed, leaving 
glabrous patches on sides of pronotum and pleura. Hind femora only a 
trifle surpassing the abdomen <2. 8.6. 22233 deer sees politum, new species 


PARACORNOPS LONGIPENNE (De Geer)? 


This insect is included as a Paraguayan species on the authority of 
Giglio-Tos, who gives its habitat as the province of San Pedro. There 
are several specimens, male and female, in the writer’s collection 
which come from Sao Paulo, Brazil, a short distance to the eastward, 
which have been determined as this species. They are darker colored 
than De Geer’s description would indicate, but for size and markings 
would be just about right. 

Length of body, male, 19, female, 25; of pronotum, male, 4, female, 
5; of tegmina, male, 19, female, 23.5; of hind femora, male, 12, female, 
15; of antenne, male, 7.5, female, 6.5 mm. 

_ No synonomy is given for this insect at present, but will be later in 
a paper under contemplation. 


aSyst. Acrid., 1878, p. 40. ® Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 31. 


= 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 6638 


PARACORNOPS PARAGUAYENSE, new species. 


In color and general appearance very similar to the insect here 
accepted as the dongipenne DeGeer, but differing from that insect in 
its much larger size and paler ie It also varies from longipenne 
in having the lower lateral edges of the pronotum less sinuate, while 
the prosternal spine in the present species is very long and pence as 
compared with the shorter and rapidly tapering one of the other insect. 
Frontal costa scarcely expanding between the antenns, shallowly sul- 
cate, and-with the carina not converging at the ocellus. 

Length of body, female, 33; of pronotum, 6; of tegmina, 28; of 
hind femora, 16.5; of antennee, 8.25 mm. 

Habitat.—San Bernardino, Paraguay, a single female collected by 
the writer during the month of September. It was taken among the 
rank grasses growing in an open glade near a lake. 


PARACORNOPS AQUATICUM, new species. 


General color above grass-green, on the sides and below greenish 
yellow. Sides of head back of the eyes and upper portion of the sides 
of pronotum and upper portion of pleura, together with a small basal 
portion of the costal margin of the tegmina, washed with piceous, 
which marking is most apparent in the male. 

Head of moderate size, in the male a trifle narrower, in the female 
about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput short; 
eyes fairly prominent in both sexes, the vertex about as wide female 
or a little more than one-half the width of the frontal costa (male), 
the fastigium short, broad, blunt, centrally gently sulcate; frontal 
costa prominent avers where it is somewhat narrowed, as it is also 
below the ocellus, shallowly and broadly sulcate; the surface coarsely 
punctate; punctuations of the face piceous, giving it the appearance 
of being profusely freckled. Antenne filiform, about equal to (female) 
or a very little longer than (male) the head and pronotum taken 
together. Pronotum subcylindrical, a little expanding on the hind 
lobe, profusely and rather coarsely punctate; median carina percur- 
rent, but not prominent; the anterior margin roundly advanced upon 
the occiput, hind margin obtusangulate (male) or subrotund (female). 
Tegmina rather narrow, their apex subacuminate as compared with 
longipenne, extending one-third (male) or one-fourth (female) of their 
length beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind femora rather robust 
and long, surpassing the abdomen in both sexes; hind tibiz unusually 
broad on their apical portion, the outer edge 7-spined. Prosternal 
spine short, coarse, and blunt, slightly transverse. Last ventral seg- 
ment of male abdomen short, the sides of apex provided with a blunt 
tooth; the supraanal plate marked with two narrow subbasal lines and 
two black dots. 


7 


664 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Length of body, male, 19.5, female, 24.5; of pronotum, male, 4.5, 
female, 5.25; of tegmina, male, 21, female, 24; of hind femora, male, 
13, female, 16 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9738, U.S.N.M. ; 

FHabitat.—San Bernardino, in Septemher, 1 male, collected by the 
writer; also a female from Sapucay, April, W. T. Foster, collector. 

The insects which form the basis of the above description appear to 
belong together, although the pronotum of the female specimen is 
much less angulate on the hind margin of its disc than that of the 
male. The male specimen may be considered the type of the species. 


PARACORNOPS POLITUM, new species. 


Very similar to P. aquaticum Bruner, but with shorter and more 
pointed tegmina. Vertex quite deeply sulcate. The hind femora are 
shorter and somewhat less robust, while the sides of the pronotum are 
almost without indications of the piceous band. The pronotum is less 
profusely punctate on the prozona and has the sides largely without 
punctures except on the hind lobe. The color of the entire insect isa 
smoky green inclining to brown. The antenne are shorter than the 
head and pronotum combined. The prosternal spine is short and 
rather coarse, cylindrical, the apex blunt. 

Length of body, female, 25; of pronotum, 5.5; of tegmina, 22; of 
hind femora, 14.75; of antenna, 6.75 mm. 

Tabitat. —The single specimen, a female, comes from Rio de Janeiro, 
Brazil, where it was taken by myself on some water plants growing 
in the Botanical Gardens just outside of the city. This specimen is in 
the writer’s collection. The species may also occur in Paraguay. 


CORNOPS Seudder. 
CORNOPS BIVITTATUM Giglio-Tos. 


Cornops bivittatum Giaiio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 32. 
[abitat.—Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not in the collections 
studied. 
BUCEPHALACRIS Giglio-Tos. 


The genus Bucephalacris was established by Giglio-Tos“ for an 
insect which he took to be the Gryllus bucephalus of Marschall.2 
Later he recognized it as distinct and described it as B. bore//i/. The 
writer has specimens from British Guiana that appear to be Marschall’s 
insect without any doubt. These are quite distinct and do not even 
fall in the same genus as characterized by Professor Gigh-Tos. 


“Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Uni. Torino, IX, 1894, No 184, p. 30. 
» Ann. Wiener Mus., 1835, p. 217, No. 10, pl. xvut, fig. 9. 


No. 1461. ‘ LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 665 


BUCEPHALACRIS BORELLII Giglio-Tos. 


Bucephalacris borellii Giau1o-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIT, 1897, No. 
302, p. 31. : 
Gryllus bucephalus Giaito-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p- 31, not Marschall. 
Habitat.—Credited to the Province of San Pedro, Paraguay, where 
it was taken by Doctor Borelli (Gigho-Tos). 


BUCEPHALACRIS PARAGUAYENSIS new species. 


General form cylindrical, not especially robust, the color dull gray- 
ish brown, with the lower sulcus and inner face of hind femora deep 
blood-red; apex of tegmina broadly rounded, a little shorter than both 
the hind femora and the abdomen; prosternal spine large, short, blunt. 

Head a little broader than the front edge of the pronotum, nearly as 
broad as high; face and cheeks rather evenly and profusely punctate, 
the occiput smooth; eyes large, prominent, strongly divergent, much 
longer than the cheeks below them; vertex between the eyes rather 
narrow, about three-fifths as broad as the frontal costa between the 
base of antenne; fastigium slightly depressed, a little broader than 
long, widely truncate in front and separated from the facial costa by 
a strong transverse carina, just back of which are two lateral depres- 
sions separated by a short posteriorly directed carina or ridge; frontal 
costa evenly and coarsely punctate, rather broad and prominent above, 
gently narrowing below, not quite reaching the clypeus, broadly and 
shallowly suleate, with the bounding walls blunt and smooth, which, 
about midway between the antenne and clypeus, emits a lateral impune- 
tate ridge, which extends a little more than half way to the lateral 
facial carine; antenne filiform; pronotum subcylindrical, the surface 
rather evenly and profusely punctate, without lateral carine; median 
carina percurrent, faint, most apparent on hind lobe; anterior edge 
somewhat advanced upon the occiput, but with the center roundly 
emarginate, hind border broadly rounded; transverse impressed lines 
well marked, continuous, the last much back of the middle; pleura 
and sternum of meso- and metathorax punctate, the mesosternal lobes 
separated by a space a little longer than broad, the inner edge of the 
lobes broadly rounded posteriorly; tegmina of medium and equal width 
throughout, not quite as long as the abdomen, the texture semimem- 
branous and with comparatively few veins, the apex rounded;. wings 
as long as tegmina. 

Anterior and middle legs short, their femora but little enlarged and 
slightly arcuate. Hind femora moderately robust on basal two- 
thirds, somewhat compressed, the pinne quite regular in size, the 
carine low and smooth; tibiz slender, hairy, with 7 spines in outer 
row; tarsi long and slender, the first and second joints equal in length. 
Prosternal spine coarse, short, the apex broadly rounded. Valves of 


666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.’ VOL. XXX. 


transverse rug, apical half slender, scooped out, curved upward and 
slightly inward; lower pair with a broad basal tooth, the apical half 
narrowed and curved downward. 

General color dull grayish brown. Eyes slightly eneous, more or 
less clearly longitudinally striped anteriorly with dark brown and tes- 
taceous. Sides of head and upper portion of sides of pronotum show- 
ing a faint dusky band, below this a paler one; upper edge of clypeus, 
lower face, and facial carine also paler. Tegmina unicolorous, save 
that a few of the smaller veins and veinlets above near the base are a 
trifle paler. Hind wings hyaline at base, the apical portion faintly 
clouded. Hind femora with indication of three fuscous bands, one 
basal, one median, and the other preapical, most decided across upper 
edge, and crossing over to upper edge of inner face. Latter, along 
with lower sulcus, bright blood-red. Hind tibia dirty plumbeous, 
infuscated apically. Pectus and venter pale dirty yellow. 

Length of body, female, 30, of pronotum, 5.1, of tegmina, 17, of 
hind femora, 14 mm. 

Habitat.—The type, a single female, was collected by the writer at 
San Bernardino, Paraguay, during the month of September, 1897. It 
was taken ina small opening near the edge of a heavy forest, and if 
memory is not at fault, was collected from the trunk of a small shrub. 


ADIMANTUS Stal. 


ADIMANTUS VITTICEPS (Blanchard). 
Acridium vitticeps BLANCHARD, in D’Orbigny Voy. l’ Amer. Merid., VI., 1837-48, 
Pt. 2, Insect.,.p. 216, pl. xxvur, fg, 4 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, W.'T. Foster, collector. Specimens 
of both sexes are at hand. 

Should this insect prove to be of the same species as Burmeister’s 
Oxya ornatissima,“ it is quite probable that the Burmeister name would 
have priority, since D’Orbigny’s work began publishing in 1837 and 
was not completed till 1843, while the Handbuch was published in 
1838. Whether the insects are identical or not they are at least 
congeneric. 

ZYGOLISTRON TRACHYSTICTUM Rehn. 
Zygolistron trachystictum Rean, Ent. News, X VI, 1905, p. 39, figs. 1, 2, 3, male. 


There are before me as I write 9 males and 3 females of this peculiar 
locust. Although one would have no difficulty in recognizing the 
two sexes as. belonging to one and the same species, there is sufficient 
difference between the two to warrant me in presenting herewith a 
description of the female which Mr. Rehn had not seen when he drew 
up his description. 


“Handbuch Ent., I, p. 636. 


ma 


no. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 667 


As compared with the male it is much more robust, has a larger head, 
broader and shorter fastigium of the vertex, less prominent eyes, the 
pronotum is more coarsely rugose, the tegmina are abbreviated, being 
only about one-half as long instead of a trifle longer than the abdo- 
men. The antenne of the female are also correspondingly shorter 
than in the opposite sex, as are also the hind femora. The valves of 
the oyipositor are not abnormally developed, being of the ordinary 
type in species of allied genera. In color the sexes are similar, save 
that perhaps the females will average a little paler, and in lacking to 
some extent the row of prominent discal spots of the tegmina. 

Length of body, female, 54, of pronotum, 11, of tegmina, 20, of 
hind femora, 21 mm. 

Habitat—Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster, 9 males and 3 females 
collected in February. 

This genus seems to have some of the characteristics of the Zonio- 
pode, but lacks the terminal spine on the outer carina of the hind 
tibie. It also resembles in other respects the genus A/euas which lat- 
ter genus lacks the terminal spine. Possibly too much stress has been 
placed by some orthopterists on this spine feature in the arrangement 
of the genera. I would also suggest the same with reference to the 
comparative length of the first and second joints of the hind tarsi. 


ALBUAS Stal. 
ALEUAS VITTICOLLIS Stal. 
Aleuas vitticollis SrAu, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 69. 


Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 2 males, W. T. Foster, collector. 
Reported also from this country by James A. G. Rehn. 

The following table for the separation of the species of A/ewas will 
give an idea of the relationship of the previously described forms of 
the genus, together with the one now characterized: 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Hind tibize armed externally with 6 or 7 spines. Wings either fully developed 
or more or less abbreviated. Pronotum strongly rugose-punctate. 
b, Tibiz normally with but 6 spines on the outer margin. 
c. Tegmina slightly surpassing the apices of the hind femora ------ vitticollis Stal 
cc, Tegmina much abbreviated, less than half as long as the abdomen. 
brachypterus, new species 
bb. Tibize with 7 spines on the outer margin. Tegmina and wings surpassing tip 


OMG era GIO TIN STi ae sf raed Settee 5 cd Re Sky os ES ne ae Aa eS eee gracilis Stal 
aa. Hind tibize armed externally with 8 or 9 spines. Wings always fully developed. 
Prono timmy not rucOse pPUNGtALG “eae aa4- aes ras See mice ee ee ie lineatus Stal 


ALEUAS BRACHYPTERUS, new species. 


Like the previously known species of the genus this insect is pre- 
vailingly green or greenish olive in color. Its pronotum has the 
median carina and a line on either side continuous from the hind mar- 


668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


gin of the eyes to the base of elytra black. The hind tibize are green- 
ish basally and purplish apically; the spines pale, black-tipped. 

Head as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, smooth above and 
at the sides. Vertex between the eyes about as broad as the longest 
diameter of one of the latter, evenly rounded, not sulcate in the least, 
separated from the face by low, blunt carinzs which meet at the middle 
in a very obtuse angle. Frontal costa eveniy widening downward, 
flat, gently punctate, its lateral carine well defined, straight, and con- 
tinuous to the clypeus; facia! carinze less conspicuous, but plain, a 
little curved at the base of antenne. Pronotum. subcylindrical, its 
surface rugosely punctate, the median carina prominent, cut back of 
middle by last transverse sulcus; lateral carinze obliterated; lower 
lateral margins heavily bordered, gently undulate; front border a little 
advanced on occiput, hind edge obtuse-angled. Tegmina a little less 
than half as long as the abdomen, oblong ovate, the apex drawn out 
and pointed, the dorsal edges just touching. Abdomen rather strongly 
sarinate above; valves of ovipositor short, strong, the apices abruptly 
bent. Hind femora‘slender, not reaching the tip of abdomen. 

Length of body, female, 54, of pronotum, 12.75, of tegmina, 16, of 
hind femora, 23.5 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9721, U.S.N.M. 

ITabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female specimen (Coll. L. 
Bruner); 3 males and 3 females (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 


ALEUAS GRACILIS Stal. 
Aleuas gracilis Svku, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 70. 


Llabitat.—Four male specimens that were collected at Sapucay by 
W. T. Foster are at hand. Rehn also reports it from Paraguay. 


ALEUAS LINEATUS Stal. 
Plate XX XVIII, fig. 10. 
Aleuas lineatus SvAL, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 70. 


Hlabitat.—This is the most abundant and, at the same time, most 
widely distributed species of the genus. Specimens are at hand from 
Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Those from Paraguay come 
from Sapucay. 

PARALEUAS Giglio-Tos. 


The representatives of this genus are of small or medium size and, 
judging from the material before me, are fairly numerous. Like the 
species of Jodacris and Omalotettiv they occur among the dead leaves 
and herbage growing beneath the larger shrubs and trees composing 
the forests and jungles which prevail over much of Paraguay and Brazil. 
The three forms at hand and Paraleuas bohisii Giglio-Tos may be sepa- 
rated by the subjoined table. 


ae 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. .- 669 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Larger (female, 23-26 mm.). Tegmina unicolorous, without maculations. 
b. Hind femora green, not provided with fuscous annulations externally. Hind 
BGhecre ROCHE Se few Ne Se ce Ue a ee le See bohisii Giglio-Tos 
bb. Hind femora brunneo-testaceous and furnished externally with two fairly well- 
defined dusky bands, most prominent above. Tibize: deep glaucous, infus- 
ETRE Gs GUUS ms oe ae aa ee degen Pe ee ee he josteri, new species 
aa. Smaller (female 17.5-20 mm.). Tegmina rather evenly maculate with small 
fuscous spots. 
b. Hind femora banded with fuscous both internally and externally. Lower edge 
of cheeks, pronotum, and pleura not entirely pale (Paraguay). 
punctipennis, new species 
bb. Hind femora not banded with fuscous. The lower edge of cheeks, pronotum, 
and pleura pale banded (Victoria, Brazil)-.----......--.- minor, new species @ 


PARALEUAS BOHLSI! Giglio-Tos. 


Paraleuas bohlisii Giet10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 
aU oe Ove 
Habitat.—Reported from Paraguay by Giglio-Tos, but not repre- 
sented in the material now at hand as a basis of this paper. 


PARALEUAS FOSTERI, new species. 


Like P. bohlsii Giglio-Tos, the present species has the general 
appearance of a Stenopola. It is brunneo-ferruginous above, and is 
provided on the cheeks, lower part of sides of pronotum, and on the 
pleura with a pale band. 


«While at Victoria, Brazil, several years ago the writer secured, among other mate- 
rial which he collected there, several specimens of a small locust which is related to 
the other species tabulated above. As species of the genus occur over a rather 
extended range and each may have an extensive distribution, it is thought wise to 
describe P. minor at this time. 

As shown by the above table, it is most nearly related to the A. punctipennis which 
comes from San Bernardino, from which it differs, however, in its considerably smaller 
size, its somewhat general paler color, and in the presence of well-defined pale lateral 
bands on sides of head, lower portion of sides of pronotum, and pleura. While it is 
provided with the fuscous tegmina maculations, minor is without the dusky bands on 
the hind femora. In the present species the head of the male is very short and much 
broader than the front edge of the pronotum, and the tegmina and wings slightly 
surpass both the apex of the abdomen and the tips of the hind femora. The eyes 
are unusually large and prominent, so as to give to the head when viewed from in 
front the appearance of being nearly twice as broad above as below. The cheeks 
below the eyes are less than one-half as long as the greatest diameter of one of them. 
Hind tibiz colored as in punctipennis, with 8 spines in the outer row. 

Length of body, male, 13, female, 17.5; of pronotum, male, 2.3, female, 2.8; of 
tegmina, male, 11, female, 12; of hind femora, male, 8.5, female, 9 mm. 

Habitat.—Victoria, Brazil, during the month of May, both sexes. (Collection of 
L. Bruner. ) 

The present species does not have the second joint of the hind tarsi as nearly equal 
in length with the first as is the case in punctipennis. 


670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Head moderately large, a little broader than the front edge of the 
pronotum, the occiput short; eyes large and prominent, much longer 
than that portion of the cheeks below them, separated above by a space 
scarcely as wide as the diameter of the basal joint of the antenne; fas- 
tigium of the vertex horizontal, moderately large and broadly and very 
shallowly suleate; frontal costa prominent above the ocellus where it 
is nearly twice as broad as the narrow vertex, plane, with a few coarse 
punctures, below the ocellas narrower, less prominent, sulcate and con- 
tinuous to the clypeus. Antenne rather coarsely filiform, a trifle 
longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum short, cylin- 
drical, without lateral carinze, strongly and coarsely impresso-punctate, 
a little expanding on posterior lobe. Tegmina narrow, about as long 
as abdomen and somewhat surpassing the apex of hind femora. The 
latter moderately broad at base, but flattened, slender apically. Hind 
tibie and tarsi rather profusely and longly hirsute, the former pro- 
vided with 7 spines in outer row. Prosternal spine robust, short, and 
directed gently to the rear. ? 

General color above brownish ferruginous, with a well-defined 
piceous band on the head back of eyes, on upper portion of sides of 
pronotum and pleura, followed below by a narrower one of flavous, 
which is again bordered on the lower margin by a darker color that 
continues to the pectus and venter. Sides of abdomen largely piceous. 
Tegmina brownish ferruginous, becoming fuliginous apically. Wings 
much infuscated. Hind femora ferrugineo-testaceous, with traces of 
two dusky bands across upper edge and black ones internally, the apex 
black internally on lower half, reddish on upper half, preceded by a 
pale annulus. Hind tibiz dull plumbeous basally, becoming strongly 
infuscated apically. Antenne ferruginous. 

Length of body, female 23, of pronotum 3.8, of tegmina 16, of hind 
femora 10.5 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9739 U.S.N.M. 

fHabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 5 females collected during the 
months of January and February (W. T. Foster). 


PARALEUAS PUNCTIPENNIS, new species. 


A somewhat smaller but more robust insect than the preceding and 
differing from it in lacking the decided pale band on sides of head, 
pronotum and pleura, in possessing a broader head, larger and more 
prominent eyes, a shorter pronotum and correspondingly shorter 
tegmina and wings. The tegmina in punctipennis are somewhat 
shorter than the abdomen and strongly mottled with fuscous, and the 
rarine of the hind femora are conspicuously conspersed with black in 
addition to the darker outer face and much more pronounced fuscous 
bands. The disk of the pronotum and occiput is dirty gray, more or 
less conspersed and mottled with fuscous, as is also the face. The 


aor M4625 7° LIST OF PARMGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. GE 


eyes are brunneo- testaceous ad aeneous in certain lights. Hind 
tibie grayish plumbeous, alittle darker apically. Anterior and middle 
legs conspersed with fuscous. Legs, venter and apical parts of abdo- 
men strongly hirsute. Second joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as 
first. 

Length of body, female 20, of pronotum 3, of tegmina 13, of hind 
femora 10 mm. 

Habitat.—San Bernardino, Paraguay. 

Type.—A single female taken by the writer in September. 

This insect approaches Bucephalacris in some respects, but the pre- 
vailing characters are those of /’araleuas. 


ORTHOSCAPHEUS, new genus. 


According to Giglio-Tos’ table for the separation of the described 
genera of South American Acridiine“ the insect upon which the 
present genus is based would run to /odacris. The peculiar structure 
of the ovipositor, as compared with that of /. ferruginea, will, how- 
ever, separate it from that genus, as will also several other characters. 
Face, pronotum, and pleura strongly punctate. Female front sub- 
vertical, very slightly advanced between the antenns: when viewed 
laterally; frontal costa very broad and fairly prominent above the 
ocellus, where it is without suleation and nearly impunctate, at and 
below the ocellus a little narrower, suleate and continuous to the 
clypeus. Eyes fairly prominent, alittle longer than the cheeks below 
them, front edge nearly straight, the back side broadly rounded; ver- 
tex between the eyes about as broad as the basal antennal joint, the 
fastigium broadly triangular, its front edges meeting in an obtuse 
angle, narrowly and shallowly sulcate in the middle. Antenne presum- 
ably filiform (the only specimen at hand is without them). Pronotum 
profusely and strongly punctate, with the sides of anterior lobe parallel, 
the posterior one expanding, the two lobes of about equal length, 
the hind suleus profound; front boarder broadly rounded the center 
shallowly emarginate, hind border obtusangulate; median carina dis- 
tinct in front and on the hind lobe; sides a little higher than long, the 
edges nearly parallel, lower posterior angle square, the apex a little 
rounded, the anterior angle obliquely truncate. Tegmina complete, 
coriaceous, profusely and strongly veined, a little tapering, the apex 
rounded, and the costal field near the base rather strongly ampliate. 
Hind femora moderately robust, the pinne quite regular, their tips 
not quite reaching the apex of the abdomen, the genicular lobes 
rounded. Overpositor long and straight, the upper valves without 
teeth, of nearly equal width throughout, their apices bluntly »ounded; 
the lower ones smaller, shorter, and more slender, tapering and acumi- 
nate, in a measure Paice between the lower edges of une apper pair. 


a Boll. Mus, Fook dant, Comp. Uni. ie 1998, No, 311, pp. 40- 50. 


672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIQQAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Mesosternal lobes separated by a subquadrate space about equal in 
width to the lobesthemselves. Prosternal spine pyramidal, moderately 
robust and directed gently to the rear. 

Type of genus.— Orthoscapheus roseipennts. 


ORTHOSCAPHEUS ROSEIPENNIS, new species. 


? Osmilia coriacea GiGLio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX 1894, No. 184, 
p. 18. 

General color, dark wood-brown, with some indication of ferrugi- 
nous upon head, pleura and hind femora. Tegmina quite evenly con- 
spersed with small fuscous spots. Frontal costa above the ocellus 
black; the hind femora with the inner side, lower sulcus and the lower 
outer edge also pitch black; upper edge with two transverse dusky 
bands, the outer fourth including knee brownish testaceous. Surface 
of head, pronotum, pleura, anterior and middle legs, and carine of 
hind femora also conspersed with dark brown or black. - Hind wings 
beautiful, transparent rose color, becoming smoky apically, the vein- 
lets on apical half and some of the veins also black, the remainder 
rose-red. 

Length of body, female 28.5, of pronotum 5.5, of tegmina 23, 
of hind femora 14, of ovipositer 2.65 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9740, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female specimen, which was 
taken February 28 by W. T. Foster. It may be taken as the type of 
the genus. 

The Osmilia coriacea Giglio-Tos, may be identical with this insect, 
and, if so, his name would have priority, and it should be Orthosca- 
pheus coriaceus Giglio-Tos. 


JODACRIS Giglio-Tos. 


JODACRIS FERRUGINEA Giglio-Tos. 


Anniceris ferrugineus G1GLio0-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 30, in part. 

Jodacris ferruginea GIGLio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, No. 302, pp. 
32-33, footnote (1897) in part. 

Habitat.—Province of San Pedro, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos); Sapucay, 
W. T. Foster, several specimens (Coll. U.S.N.M.); San Bernardino 
(L. Bruner). 

For a straightening out of the synonomy of this insect see remarks 
under Omalotettia. 


OMALOTETTIX, new genus. 


Related to /odaeris and Orthoscapheus, but differing from both of 
these in the more compressed body; from -/odacris by the great dis- 
parity in size between the sexes and in the shorter male cerci, which 
have the two forks.more nearly equal. It differs further from this 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 673 


last-named genus by having the hind femora slenderer apically, the 
vertex between the eyes narrower, and the hind lobe of the pronotum 
longer and more ampliate, as well as angulate instead of broadly 
rounded. 

In his diagnosis of the genus /odacris” it is evident that the author 
had before him specimens of two distinct genera—a male of his ferru- 
ginea anda female of the Jodacris (¢) nebulosa Bruner.’ This genus 
is widely distributed over tropical America and contains several 
species. These inconspicuously colored insects live in forests, where 
they occur among fallen leaves and on the stems of plants. Three 
‘species are known to abound in Paraguay. They may be separated 
by the subjoined synoptic table. 

This last-named insect may be considered the type of Omalotettia. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Paler, testaceous to brunneo-testaceous. Outer lower edge of hind femora largely 
black, the sides of pronotum usually provided with a piceous band which is 
bordered above and below by one of paler hue. 

b. Larger (male, 17; female, 21 mm.). Hind femora with two dusky bands across 


the upper edge, the outer face plain. -......-.--.-.-.---..-- nebulosa Bruner 
bb. Smaller (male, 14; female, 19mm.). Hind femora provided on outer face with 
a conspicuous black patch .......-------------------signatipes, new species 


aa. Darker, wood-brown to brunneo-ferruginous. Outer lower edge of hind femora 
without the black color. Sides of pronotum unicolorous. 
ceruleipennis Bruner 


OMALOTETTIX NEBULOSA Bruner. 


Jodacris (?) nebulosa Brunmr, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 67. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 4 males and 12 females (W.. T. 
Foster); Tucuman, Argentina, and Victoria, Brazil (lu. Bruner). 

As mentioned above, this insect was confounded with /odacris ferru- 
ginea by Giglio-Tos when he drew up his diagnosis of the genus. He 
also credits it to Paraguay. 

OMALOTETTIX SIGNATIPES, new species. 


Very similar to the preceding, from which it differs in the points 
indicated in the synoptic table of species given above. It also differs 
from nebulosa in having a slightly shorter and broader fastigium of 
the vertex, a slightly less prominent frontal costa between the base of 
the antenne and a little shorter hind lobe of the pronotum, which is 
less decidedly angulate. 

Length of body, males, 14; females, 19; of pronotum, males, 3; 
females, 4; of tegmina, males, 13; females, 18; of hind femora, males, 
8.5; females, 12 mm. : 

Type.—Cat. No. 9741, U.S.N.M. 


«Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, 1897, No. 302, pp. 32-33. 
> Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 67, 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 43 


674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Hlabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 2 females collected in March by 
W. T. Foster. 

There are also a number of specimens of both sexes of this species 
in the writer’s collection from Pernambuco, Brazil, and Temax, 
Yucatan. 


OMALOTETTIX CARULEIPENNIS Bruner. 
Jodacris (?) ceruleipennis Bruner, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 68. 
THTabitat.—Three males and 4 females, Sapucay, Paraguay (W. T. 
Foster); other specimens at Asuncion (Ll. Bruner). 
This species also occurs in northern Argentina, where it’ may be 
taken in company with nebulosa. It appears less common than the 
other two species here mentioned. 


VILERNA Stal. 


VILERNA RUGULOSA Stal. 
Vilerna rugulosa SvAu, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 61. 


Habitat.—Sapucay, | specimen, W.'T. Foster collector; San Bernar- 
dino and Asuncion, L. Bruner collector; province of San Pedro, 
Luque, and Asuncion, Paraguay, Giglo-Tos. 

This insect is fairly common and should be sought for among the 
yucca and pineapple-like plants, in the center and about the base of 
the leaves of which it lurks and where it is more or less. thoroughly 
protected from lizard and bird enemies. 


OSMILIOLA Giglio-Tos. 


- OSMILIOLA AURITA Giglio-Tos. 


Osmiliola aurita Grieiio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 302, 
p- 33. 

Habitat.—This insect was described from specimens collected at 
San Lorenzo, in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, and Caiza, in the 
Bolivian Chaco, <A single female specimen at hand was taken at 
Pernambuco, Brazil. It evidently occurs in Paraguay also. 


XIPHIOLA Bolivar. 


XIPHIOLA BORELLII Giglio-Tos. : 


Niphiola borellii Gia.10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XV, 1900, No. 377, p. 5. 


Habitat.—There are 3 males and 2 females befure me from Sapu- 
cay. They were collected by W. T. Foster. The type came from 
Urucum, Brazil. 


No. 1461. _ LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 675 


SCHISTOCERCA Stal. 
TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Pronotum with its posterior edge decidedly angulate. Antennze of male nearly 
or quite one-half longer than the pronotum. 
b. Tegmina distinctly maculate. Sides of pronotum with the lower area obliquely 
pale, edged above with fuscous. Male cerci apically narrowed. 
desiliens Scudder 
66. Tegmina immaculate or very faintly maculate; the lower area of sides of pro- 
notum pale yellow, separated obliquely from the darker upper portion. 
Male cerci but little narrowed apically. 
c. Antennze of male one-half as long again as the head and pronotum together. 
Wings feebly infumate; the tegmina feebly or obscurely maculate. 
flavofasciata (De Geer) 
ce. Antenne of male one-third as long again as the head and pronotum together. 
Wings strongly infumate, the tegmina immaculate. -_..- infumata Scudder 
aa. Pronotum with its posterior edge distinctly rounded. Antenne of male rela- 
tively shorter. 
6. Head unusually large, broader than the front edge of ‘the pronotum, giving to 
the insect a strangulate appearance. 
c. General color bright olive green, salmon, and cream, the tegmina obscurely 
if at all maculate. The pronotum coarsely granulate and with the anterior 
HO] STE C] cH 0 01 bl eI eR et Me pa 9 ee NS TR lineata (Stoll) 
ec. General color testacious, ferruginous, and white, the tegmina plainly, often 
strongly, maculate. The pronotum finely granulate, in nowise tectate. 

d. Pronotum very decidedly strangulate on anterior lobe; the maculation of 
tegmina rather evenly distributed, the anal area at broadest point one- 
third broader than the interspace between the eyes. peregrina (Olivier) 

dd. Pronotum less decidedly strangulate; the maculation of tegmina inclin- 

ing to form bands, the anal area at its broadest point no broader or but 

little broader than the interspace between the eyes. 
paranensis (Burmeister) 
bb. Head normal, about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum. Maculations 
of tegmina confined chiefly to the middle area and gathered into two longi- 
Lcina Taws Oni apieal whind, 2. 5 eS oe pallens (Thunberg) 


SCHISTOCERCA DESILIENS Scudder. 
Schistocerca desiliens ScuppER, Proc. Amer: Acad. Arts Sci., XXXIV, 1899, p. 455. 


Habitat.—Specimens of this species were observed by the writer in 
the vicinity of Asuncion, in 1897. There are none in the collections at 
hand from Paraguay, but quite a series are before me from Victoria, 
Brazil. 

SCHISTOCERCA FLAVOFASCIATA (De Geer). 


Acrydium flavofasciatum Dr Grrr, Mém. Ins., III, 1873, p. 488, pl. xx, fig. 8; for 
additional synonomy see Scudder’s Orthopteren Genus Schistocerca. 
Flabitat.—Reported from Asuncion and Luque, Paraguay. Not 
represented in the collection just studied. 


676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


SCHISTOCERCA INFUMATA Scudder. 
Schistocerca infumata ScuppEr, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XTV, 1899, p. 457. . 


Tabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 8 males and 6 females, collected by 
W. T. Foster. Also reported from Paraguay by Jas. A. G. Rehn. 

This rather fine appearing locust is quite generally distributed over 
Argentina and Uruguay along the La Plata River and northward into 
Brazil at least as far as Pernambuco, where two specimens of it were 
observed by the writer at the edge of a swamp. 


SCHISTOCERCA LINEATA (Stoll)? 
Gryllus (Locusta) lineatus STOLL, Rep. Spect., etc., 1787, p. 31, pl. xv, fig. 57. 


Habitat.—The writer has before him 4+ male and + female specimens 
of a Schistocerca that might be the insect figured by Stoll. It is quite 
distinct in its coloration from every other form ever examined by me. 
It comes from Sao Paulo, Brazil, where it seems to be fairly common. 
Should the present determination be correct, the name of Scudder’s 
lineata must be changed. I would suggest the name scudder? as a 
suitable one. 


SCHISTOCERCA PALLENS (Thunberg). 


Gryllus pallens THunBerRG, Mém. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 1815, p. 237. For further 
synonomy see Scudder. 
flabitat. —Not represented in the collections at hand. It is known, 
however, to be pretty widely distributed over tropical America from 
Mexico to the Uruguay River. It certainly occurs in Paraguay. 


SCHISTOCERCA PARANENSIS (Burmeister). 
Plate XX XVII, fig. 4. 
Acridium paranense Burmeister, Reis. La Plata Stat., I, 1861, p. 491. 
Schistocerca paranensis BRUNER, Ist Rept. B. A. Loe. Com., 1898, pl., figs. 1-3, 6. 
Acridium (Schistocerca) peregrinum (part) Bera, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent., IX, 
1880, p. 275. 

Habitat.—This migratory species reaches Paraguay regularly in its 
annual flights if it is not permanently found in some portion of the 
country. It was observed in great abundance in the vicinity of Asun- 
cion during 1897, when the writer made a visit to that region. 


SCHISTOCERCA PEREGRINA (Olivier). 


Acridium peregrinum Ouivier, Voy. Emp. Ott., I, 1807, p. 424. For additional 
synonomy see Scudder. 

Habitat.—W hile this insect is chiefly confined to the Mediterranean 
region of the Orient, it is frequently reported from various parts of 
tropical America. Giglio-Tos records it as coming from yarious Par- 
aguayan, northern Argentinian, and southern Brazilian points. Evi- 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAQGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 677 


dently many of these reports are based on specimens of the preceding 
species. I myself have seen no typical specimens of peregrina that 
were taken on this side of the Atlantic. 


ATRACHELACRIS Giglio-Tos. 
ATRACHELACRIS UNICOLOR Giglio-Tos. 
Plate XXX VIII, fig. 8, female; fig. 9, male. 
Atrachelacris unicolor Grai10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
jo elle 
Habitat.—Several specimens of the two sexes from Sapucay, Para- 


guay, are before me. They were collected by W. T. Foster. It is 
also reported from Asuncion by Giglio-Tos. 


DICHROPLUS Stal. 


Many of the insects which comprise this extensive genus are very 
closely related to one another in their general appearance, and the 
comparatively few forms that have thus far been noted by entomologists 
have been so briefly described that it is a little doubtful as to the iden- 
tity of all of them. This is especially true when the student is limited 
in the material that is accessible for study. With comparatively few 
exceptions the members of the genus are confined to regions south of 
the equator in South America, with Paraguay and northern Argentina 
as the center of their distribution. This being true, most of the species 
may be expected to occur in the country now under consideration. 
The subjoined table will be of assistance in determining them. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Female with the valves of the ovipositor emarginately truncate. Interval between 
the mesosternal lobes considerably longer than wide. Male cerci moderately 
long, compressed back of middle, beyond gently bowed. 

b. Prosternal tubercle large, transverse. Lower edge and inner face of hind femora 

blood-red: General color dull brown-.--------:.---.------ obscurus Bruner 

bb. Prosternal tubercle not large, conical. Lower edge and inner face of hind 
femora yellowish. 

c. Smaller. General color olivaceous yellow. Upper valves of ovipositor much 


longerthanithe lower oned-s 25 02202. o2 se sets sei ase Stee cliens Stal 
ec. Larger. General color brownish yellow. Upper valves of ovipositor but 
iiledander them lower Ones. 2 225 20m. sods nko < lemniscatus (Stal) 


aa. Female with the valves of the ovipositor entire at apex, acuminate or subacumi- 
nate. Interval between the mesosternal lobes usually, but not always, as 
broad or a little broader than long. 
b. Hind tibize with nine spines in outer row. Tegmina and wings usually, but not 
always, reaching or surpassing the tip of abdomen. : 

c. Interval between the mesosternal lobes a little longer than wide. Upper edge 
of sides of pronotum generally dusky throughout, but sometimes only to 
the posterior sulcus. 

d. Tegmina not or scarcely surpassing the tip of hind femora. 


678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


e. Frontal costa sulcate. 
f. Posterior coxz marked externally with a dark line. 


g. Disk of tegmina dark veined: .....-...-.2.--2.--- fuscus (Thunberg) 
gg. Disk of tegmina not dark veined. Lower suleus and inner face of 
hind femora x, ed]. 2522 2 eeeu ae eee cinereus Bruner 


ff. Posterior coxze not marked externally with a dark line. 
g. Smaller. Green and yellowish, hind femora on basal half internally 
sanguineous. Tegmina unicolorous, sordid yellow. 
bicolor Giglio-Tos 
gg. Larger. Brownish testaceous, the hind femora internally flavous. 
Tegmina faintly conspersed with fuscous. 

h. Very robust. Hind femora incrassate and with the lower outer 
sulcus infuscated, surpassing the tip of tegmina and abdomen in 
the ifemiale.< 25-42 Sess ee ee ..-robustus, new species. 

hh. Less robust. Hind femora normal, the lower outer sulcus con- 

colorous, about reaching or falling a little short of the tip of 
tegmina and abdomen in the female. 
paraguayensis, new species 
ee. Frontal costa not sulcate. Dorsal edge of tegmina pale-veined. 
patruelis Stal 
dd. Tegmina surpassing the tip of hind femora. 


e. Male cerci rather heavy and straight. Lower suleus of hind femora yel-- 


lowishiwrsss Gis Sees 0 ae ase Se eee eile ey me ae be Seen pratensis Bruner 
ee. Male cerci slender, incurved beyond the middle. Lower sulcus of hind 
femora orange-red. 
f. Smaller, very slender; the sides of pronotum parallel. Dusky band on 
side of pronotum extending to metapleura ...--..---- exilis Giglio-Tos 
jf. Larger, less graceful; the sides of pronotum diverging posteriorly. 
Dusky band on side of pronotum continued upon tegmina to the 
C2) Oo. cee eer Mapmarker elongatus Giglio-Tos 
cc. Interval between mesosternal lobes fully as wide or wider than long. The 
dusky band on sides of pronotum more or less interrupted. 
d. Posterior lobe of pronotum somewhat ascending posteriorly, a little longer 
than ‘the anterior lobe 3:22 =. eee ee ee eee arrogans Stal 
dd. Posterior lobe of pronotum not ascending posteriorly, about equaling or a 
trifle shorter than the anterior lobe. 
e. Posterior coxee fuscous or black spotted. Last ventral segment of male 
abdomen with the lateral margins black. 


7. stoaller: ‘Hind-trbice red a2) eee ...-punctulatus (Thunberg 
! P g 
ff. Larger. Hind trbize greenish testaceous --..-------- conspersus Bruner 


ee. Posterior coxze unspotted. Last ventral segment of male abdomen with 
the margins never black. 
jf. Hind femora with the inner face and lower sulcus flavous or testaceous. 
Tegmina rather evenly and finely conspersed with fuscous. 
dubius, new species 
jf. Hind femora with the inner face and lower sulcus, at least in part, 
sanguineous. Tegmina abbreviate or fully developed, not evenly 
conspersed with fuscous. 
g. Hind tibize deep purple. Pronotum at sides of disk pale vittate. 
brasiliensis, new species 
gg. Hind tibiz glaucous. Disk of pronotum either vittate or concol- 
orous. 
h. Tegmina and wings usually greatly abbreviated. Sides of disk of 
pronotum and dorsal angles of tegmina pale vittate. 
vitatus Bruner 


iN 


679 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 


hh. Tegmina not abbreviated, nearly or quite as long as the abdomen. 
Pronotum and tegmina not vittate. 
i. General color, dull olivaceous yellow or testaceous. 
j. Lower edges of sides of pronotum dirty white. Tegmina not 


Gols pense dae nmr aeieey = cots weds ne ere e Lyset. eae bergui Stal 

jj- Lower edges of sides of pronotum concolorous. Tegmina con- 
spersed with small fuscous dots..-...----.--- robustulus Stal 

vi. General color, fusco-ferruginous. Inferior portion of sides of 
pronotum sordid testaceous .....----- distinguendus Giglio-Tos 


66. Hind tibiz provided with eight spines in the outer row. The tegmina usually, 
but not always, abbreviated. 

-c, Tegmina fully developed, reaching or even surpassing the apex of the abdo- 
men and tips of hind femora. Hind femora internally fasciate with black; 
the tibize infuscated with a subbasal pale annulus - --.cinctipes, new species 

cc. Tegmina and wings abbreviated, about as long as the head and pronotum 
united. Hind femora internally largely sanguineous. 
O-alalnn Obi Ieee Wein 2 pak ses PAS LOO Say Se ee eee Bee peruvianus Stal 
dd. Hind tibiz glaucous. 
e. Larger.. Apex of femora wholly and base of hind tibize black. 
amenus Stal 
ee. Smalier. Apex of hind femora for most part olivaceous, the base of 
hind tibize glaucous. Outer face of hind femora with upper half fus- 
cous, the lower half dirty white, inside and below sanguineous. 
schulzi, Bruner 
DICHROPLUS LEMNISCATUS (Stal). 


Acridium (Podisma) lemniscatum Stdu, Freg. Kugene Resa, Ins. Orthopt., 1860, 
p. 334. 

Habitat.—Not contained in the collections at hand. Previously 
reported from Argentina and Brazil. No doubt also to be found in 
Paraguay. 

DICHROPLUS FUSCUS (Thunberg). 


Gryllus fuscus THuNnBERG, Mém. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 1815, p. 235. 
Pezotettix (Trigonophymus) fuscus SvAL, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 78. 
Dichroplus fuscus, Gieiio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 21. 
Habitat.—Not contained in the collections at hand, but reported from 
Resistencia, Argentinian Chaco, and also from the Bolivian Chaco by 
Giglio-Tos. It certainly also crosses over the river into Paraguay. 


DICHROPLUS BICOLOR Giglio-Tos. 


Dichroplus bicolor Giau10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p: 21. 

Habitat.—Recorded from Asuncion, Paraguay, by Giglio-Tos; also 
from northern Argentina and Bolivia. Not represented in the collec- 
tions at hand. 

DICHROPLUS ROBUSTUS, new species. 
A large robust species related to D. cinctipes and D. paraquayensis, 


but differing from both of them in several particulars, as will be seen 
from an examination of the accompanying synoptic table. As compared 


680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXX. 


with c/nctipes, the present species is much larger and lacks the decided 
dusky bands on the sides of the head back of the eyes and on the pro- 
notum, and the hind femora only bear traces of the fuscous bands 
across their upper edge, while the hind tibie are characterized by the 
entire absence of any fuscous tinge. The tegmina of robusta also 
lack the decided conspersing of the species to which it has just been 
compared. Its head is slightly narrower than the front edge of the 
pronotum and the eyes less prominent, while the latter gradually widens 
from the front edge instead of only on the posterior lobe. The teg- 
mina and wings do not quite reach the tips of the robust hind femora. 

General color uniform pale brownish testaceous, with a shade of olive 
on sides of pronotum, pleura, and outer face of hind femora; head and 


pronotum with a few scattered small dots of reddish brown; tegmina 


also dimly marked with small pale brownish specks, especially in the 
discal field and on dorsal edge of basal half; hind femora with their 
lower edge dark plumbeous, and a series of five medium-sized blotches 
of same color on lower outer carina, upper edge crossed by two well- 
defined, but not prominent, dusky bands, which cross over to the inner 
face and fade away; antenne fuscous, deskesin at apex; proster nal spine 
rather long, coarse, and curved to the rear. 

Length of body, female, 33; of pronotum, 7.5; of tegmina, 22; of 
hind femora, 18.5 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9742, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay , Parner January. W. T. Foster, collector. 
‘Two females. 


DICHROPLUS PARAGUAYENSIS, new species. 


Size medium, form elongate, but not especially slender. General 
color uniform brownish testaceous or dull ferruginous with an oliv 
ceous tinge on head, sides of pronotum, and hind femora, most appar- 
ent in the female, without indications of darker or lighter markings 
save at the base of the tegmina, where there is a trace of black on the 
median veins, and faint indications of dusky bands on upper edge of 
hind femora. Middle of sides of pronotum also provided with the 
usual piceous band, but very faintly. 

Body, legs, and even tegmina rather hirsute. Head a little wider 
than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput slightly elevated above 
the level of pronotal disk, vertex between the eyes nearly twice the 
width of the first antennal joint, the fastigium depressed, broadly sul- 
vate; frontal costa a trifle contracted above, evenly widening below, 
coarsely punctate above and suleate at ocellus and below. Pronotum 
with the anterior lobe cylindrical, a little longer than the posterior one, 
which has the surface gently punctate and the hind margin a little 
obtuse angled, the apex rounded. Tegmina of medium width, a little 
surpassing the apex of both femora and abdomen. Hind femora rather 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 681 


slender, a little surpassing the tip of abdomen; hind tibiae 9 spined in 
outer row. The last ventral segment of male abdomen elongate, with 
the upper edges straight and the apex bluntly rounded, directed pos- 
_teriorly. Cerci slender, evenly tapering, fully three times as long as 
basal width, directed posteriorly and a little upwards, and bent inwards. 
Prosternal spine slender, acuminate. 

Length of body, male, 23; of pronotum, 5.15; of tegmina, 18; of 
hind femora, 13 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9743, U.S.N.M. 

TTabitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, a single male specimen which seems 
to have lost its color by immersion in spirits or some other preserva- 
tive. This insect seems to approach 7). bergéi Stal most closely in gen- 
eral structure. 


DICHROPLUS PATRUELIS Stal. 


Acridium (Podisma) patruelis SrAu, Freg. Eugene Resa, Ins. Orthopt., 1870, 
p. 334. ; 
Pezotettix (Dichroplus) patruelis SrA, Recens. Orthopt., 1873, I, p. 78. 
Habitat.—Reported by Giglio-Tos as occurring in the Province of 
San Pedro, Paraguay, and-from Resistencia, Argentina. Not repre- 
sented in the collections at hand. 


DICHROPLUS EXILIS Giglio-Tos. 


' Dichroplus exilis Gravio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 23: 

Habitat.—This species is represented by both sexes from Sapucay, 
Paraguay, where they were taken by W. T. Foster. It is also reported 
from Paraguay by Rehn. Outside it is known from Resistencia and 
San Lorenzo in Argentina. 


DICHROPLUS ELONGATUS Giglio-Tos. 
Plate XXXVI, fig. 10. 
Dichroplus elongatus GiGi10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat., Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 23. 
Habitat.—Villa Rica and Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not 
represented in the collections studied for this paper. It is more com- 
mon to the southward and westward. 


DICHROPLUS PUNCTULATUS (Thunberg). 
Plate XXX VIII, figs. 3 and 4. 


Gryllus punctulatus THunBErRG Mém. Acad. St. Petersb., IX, 1824, p. 408. 
Pezotettix ( Trigonophymus) punctulatus Svar, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1875, p. 77. 
Pezotettix (Dichroplus) punctulatus SvAu, Obs. Orthopt., ITI, 1878, p. 6. 
Habitat.—This, the most widely distributed species of the genus, is 
represented by specimens collected at Sapucay by Mr. W. 'T. Foster. 
It occurs from middle Argentina to Central America and southern — 
Mexico, and exhibits considerable variation in color and size. 


682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


DICHROPLUS CONSPERSUS Bruner. 
Dichroplus conspersus Bruner, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 76, fig. 4. 


Habitat.—Not represented in the collections at hand, but it should 
be found in southern Paraguay where the country is open. 


DICHROPLUS DUBIUS, new species. 


A rather robust, medium sized insect, the general color of which is 
brownish testaceous, paler beneath, conspersed on legs and tegmina 
with moderately Jarge brownish or dull black flecks. 

Head as wide as front edge of pronotum; eyes not prominent, their 
front edge straight, separated above by a space equal-to one-half of 
their longest diameter; fastigium of vertex declivant, broad, hex- 
agonal, bounded on sides by rather prominent carine, in front by a 
faint one and open behind; frontal costa fairly prominent and broad, 
a little widest at ocellus, flat and coarsely punctate above, broadly 
suleate at ocellus and below. Pronotum rather broad, considerably 
widest on hind lobe, the anterior lobes a trifle the longest; transverse 
sulci deep, the middle and hind uninterrupted and reaching the lower 
lateral edges, the anterior one interrupted just below the dorsum; 
anterior edge truncate, behind obtusangulate the apex rounded. Teg- 
mina tapering, their apex rounded, about as long as abdomen. Hind 
femora and tibiv rather robust, the former as long as, or a little lon- 
ger than, the abdomen, the latter with 9 spines on outer edge. Pro- 
sternal spine robust but evenly pyramidal; interspace between meso- 
sternal lobes about as long as broad. Hind femora without definite 
transverse bands save as the dusky dots referred to above congregate 
into two patches on the upper edge; the bounding carine of outer 
disk regularly dark dotted; hind tibiae brownish testaceous. 

Length of body, male 17, female 20; of pronotum, male 4.35, female 
5; of tegmina, male 15, female 14; of hind femora, male 11, female 
13 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9744, U.S.N.M.- 

[Tabitat.— A number of females and 3 males from Sapucay, Para- 
guay, where they were collected by W. T. Foster. 


DICHROPLUS BRASILIENSIS, new species. 


There are several specimens of an apparently undescribed species 
at hand that were taken by the writer during May, 1897, at Victoria, 
Brazil. They are about the size of ). Bergii Stal, and are to be dis- 
tinguished from all other described species by their deep purple hind 
tibie. There is a possibility of this insect being found in Paraguay 


also. 


ee 


7 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 683 


DICHROPLUS VITTATUS Bruner. 
Dichroplus vittatus Bruner, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 77, figs. 43 and 44. 


Habitat.—Although not represented in the material at hand from 
Paraguay, it is sure to occur there when the country is a little more 
carefully explored. 


DICHROPLUS BERGII StAal. 
Pezotettix ( Dichroplus) bergii Svat, Obs. Orthopt., III, 1878, p. 6. 


Habitat.—Various localities in Paraguay (Giglio-Tos, Rehn, Foster, 
Bruner). It is also found in other regions, as Uruguay, Brazil, Argen- 
tina, and Bolivia. 


DICHROPLUS ROBUSTULUS Stal. 
Pezotettix (Dichroplus) robustulus Svdt, Obs. Orthopt., III, 1878, p. 7. 


Flabitat.—Not in the collections at hand, but very likely to be taken 
in Paraguay as well as in Brazil, from where it was described. 


DICHROPLUS DISTINGUENDUS Giglio-Tos. 


Dichroplus distinguendus Giauio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, 
No. 184, p. 22. 
Habitat.—Reported as occurring in the Province of San Pedro, 
Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not represented in the collections studied. 


DICHROPLUS CINCTIPES, new species. 


A medium-sized brownish testaceous insect with conspicuously 
banded hind femora. The two sexes not very unequal in size. Rather 
profusely hirsute on legs, abdomen, thorax, and even on the tegmina. 

Head about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum; the eyes 
rather prominent, especially in the male, about as long (female) or a 
trifle longer (male) than the cheeks below them, in both sexes sepa- 
rated above by a space equal to the broadest part of the frontal costa; 
fastigium of the vertex broadly and shallowly sulcate, the bounding 
carine angulate and faintly separating it from the sulcus of the frontal 
costa; the latter quite prominent, especially between the base of the 
antenne, a little narrowed above the antenne, and again just below 
the ocellus continuous to the clypeus, sulcate throughout, more deeply 
in the male, and provided with strong, smooth, lateral carinz; facial 
carine also prominent, in the male parallel, in the female very slightly 
sinuate and divergent below. Antenne filiform, about as long 
(female) or a little longer (mile) than the head and pronotum together. 
Pronotum with the sides of the anterior lobe cylindrical, smooth, 
the hind lobe strongly expanding posteriorly, punctate, the two lobes 
about equal in length; median carina present only on hind lobe; trans- 
verse sulci profound, continuous; anterior edge straight or very 


684 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


slightly advanced upon the occiput, the hind margin obtusangulate, 
the apex broadly rounded. Tegmina, rather narrow, tapering, about 
equaling (female) or a little surpassing (male) the tip of the abdomen. 
Hind femora only moderately robust, just reaching the tip of the male 
abdomen, but not quite that of the female. Hind tibize normally pro- 
vided with eight spines in outer row. Space between the meso- 
- sternal lobes about as long as broad, possibly a trifle broader than long 
in the female. Prosternal spine pyramidal], about as long as extreme 
basal width, the apex acuminate. Male cerci slender, tapering, and 
curved slightly downward toward the tip. Last ventral segment 
short, its upper edges straight and meeting behind in an acute angle. 

General color above brownish testaceous, below paler, more or less 


conspersed with brown and black. The usual piceous band extending. 


from the hind edge of eyes along the upper half of sides ef pronotum to 
last transverse sulcus, somewhat interrupted in the female; below this 
the sides of pronotum and cheeks are pale testaceous, as are also oblique 
bands on both the meso- and metapleura. Antenne pale ferruginous. 
Pronotum above and tegmina inconspicuously conspersed with brown, 
the latter with a discal row of rather well-defined fuscous spots, the 
apical half membranous and semipellucid. Hind femora decidedly 
banded with fuscous externally and above; internally and below with 
black and pale testaceous; hind tibie more or less testaceous and 
dusky, with a pale basal annulus. The three basal abdominal seg- 
ments largely black. 

Length of body, male, 21; female, 25; of antennz, male and female, 
10; of pronotum, male, 4.6; female, 6; of tegmina, male, 15.5; female, 
17.25; of hind femora, male 11; female, 14 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9745 U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, February, collected by W. T. Foster. 
Male and female specimens. 


LEIOTETTIX, new genus. 


Related to both Dichroplus and Scotussa, but differing from the 
former in the more cylindrical pronotum with its comparatively 
shorter hind lobe and in the more ampliate fastigium of the vertex; 
and from the latter in having the valves of the ovipositor normal 
instead of straight, and the cerci obliquely docked instead of broadly 
spatulate. The representatives of the genus are small or medium 
sized. 

Body with the surface glabrous, hirsute. Head large, fully as wide 
as or even a little broader than the front edge of the pronotum. 
dyes a trifle prominent, about as long (female) or somewhat longer 
(male) than the cheeks below them, separated above by a space equal 
to the greatest width of the frontal costa in the male and a very little 


‘ 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 685 


more in the female. Vertex in front of the eyes ampliated and 
roundly depressed, the sulcation wide and with its lateral walls 
broadly angulate. Frontal costa broadest and most prominent between 
the antenne, a very little narrowed above, broadly suleate in the 
vicinity of the ocellus at least, and coarsely punctate above. Antenne 
normal. Pronotum cylindrical, a very little compressed in middle, 
the transverse sulci all equally plain, the last plainly behind the mid- 
dle; anterior lobe glabrous at sides, somewhat transversely rugose 
above, hind lobe coarsely and closely punctate. Tegmina complete, 
sparsely veined, a very little surpassing the apex of abdomen. Hind 
femora moderately robust, about the same length as the abdomen in 
the two sexes. Space between the mesosternal lobes longer than wide, 
narrower than the lobes themselves. Prosternal spine acute. 

The four species of Lezotettix before me as I write all agree in 
having the dark bands back of eyes and along the sides of pronotum 
green or greenish instead of piceous or fuscous. These species may 
be separated by the annexed synoptic table: 

The species viridis may be considered as the type of the genus. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Size smaller (17 mm. male to 25 mm. female). The hind tibize green or glaucous. 
6. General color of insects above grass green, below testaceous- - viridis, new species 
bb. General color of insect above cinereous. 

c. Sides of pronotum with scarcely any trace of darker band. Hind femora con- 

spicuously conspersed with dark brown and black, their inner face testa- 

CE OUS Ieee eaten e nie et eed myer. en ee punctipes, new species 

cc. Sides of pronotum with a conspicuous band. Hind femora not conspersed 
externally, their inner side and lower sulcus blood-red. 

sanguineus, hew species 

aa. Larger (23 mm. male, 28 mm. female). The hind tibize yellow or testaceous. 
flavipes, new species 


LEIOTETTIX VIRIDIS, new species. 


A medium-sized, grass-green, locust that at first sight reminds one 
of a small Atrachelacris unicolor, Giglio-Tos, but which upon a little 
closer examination is readily observed to be quite distinct. 

Head rather large, fully as wide (female) or even a little wider (male) 
than the front edge of the pronotum; the eyes fairly prominent, fully 
as far apart above as the width of the frontal costa between the base 
of the antenne; fastigium of the vertex roundly depressed, the lateral 
carinz broadly angulate, in some specimens meeting in front and sepa- 
rating the sulcation of this part from that of the costa by a faint ridge; 
frontal costa quite broad, widest above the ocellus and between the 
antennx, sulcate, fading away below before reaching the clypeus. 
Facial carine but little divergent below, fairly prominent. Pronotum 
glabrous, short, subcylindrical, a little contracted in the middle, nearly 


686 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


(female) or quite (male) as wide in front as behind, the front edge 
broadly rounded, the hind margin obtusangulate, median carina prom- 
inent on hind lobe, obliterated on front lobe, the latter considerably the 
longer. Tegmina semimembranous, sparsely veined, a little surpass- 
ing both the abdomen and hind femora in the two sexes, the costal area 
rather prominently dilated on basal third. Hind femora rather robust, 
fully as long in the male or even a trifle surpassing the tip of the abdo- 
men in the female. Hind tibiz 8 or 9 spined in outer row. Male 
cerci long, slender, the apical half bent inward and curved down- 
ward, somewhat lamellate and sulcate on outer face, the extreme tip 
obliquely docked. 

General color as mentioned above, grass-green, the sides of prono- 
tum a little darker where the piceous band usually occurs. Hind 
femora green above and on upper half of outer face, remainder yellow 
or testaceous save the genicular lunules which are dark piceous or 
black and a row of similarly colored spots on the lower carina of outer 
face. Hind tibiz greenish glaucous. Antenne testaceous, apically 
infuscated. Venter pale, the sides of basal segments of abdomen a 
little obscured near their anterior edge. 

Length of body, male, 19, female, 23; of pronotum, male, +, female, 
5; of tegmina, male, 15, female, 16.5; of hind femora, male, 10.5, 
female, 13.6 mm. . 

Type.—Cat. No. 9746, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, in February, where both sexes were 
taken by W. T. Foster. 


LEIOTETTIX PUNCTIPES, new species. 


In size and general form quite similar to Z. viridis which is 
described above, but differing from it in haying slightly less promi- 
nent eyes, a somewhat more coarsely punctate and angulate pronotum, 
and more closely viened tegmina. The color of punctipes is cinereo- 
testaceous or cinereo-ferruginous above, flavous beneath, with a trace 
of the usual pronotal bands and alternate pale and darker meso- and 
meta plural stripes. The hind femora have all the upper and outer 
carinz, as well as the pinne, conspersed with black or piceous, and 
the genicular lunules are dark only on the bounding carine; hind 
tibiz cinereo-glaucous, a little varied with brown near base. © Sides of 
basal abdominal segments conspicuously piceous on their anterior 
half. 

Length of body, female, 23; of pronotum, 5.15; of tegmina, 18; of 
hind femora, 13 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9747, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—In the same region and along with the preceding species. 
Also collected by W. T. Foster, 5 females. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 687 


LEIOTETTIX SANGUINEUS, new species. 


A slenderer insect than either viridis or punctipes, but to both of 
which it is rather closely related. Its determinate characters are well 
defined dark green pronotal stripes and deep blood-red inside and lower 
edge of hind femora. The sides of face below the eyes and lower half 
of sides of pronotum are flavous, as are also a portion of the pleura, 
venter, and lower part of outer face of hind femora. Above, the 
general color is ferruginous, in some specimens with an olivaceous 
tinge near the base of tegmina. Costal field of latter olivaceous, as are 
the anterior and middle legs, along with the outer disk of the hind 
femora, the latter without dusky spots on the carine, as described in 
punctipes. The hind tibiz deep glaucous. Male cerci similar to those 
of viridis. Sides of the four basal abdominal segments largely jet 
black. Median carina of pronotum plain throughout. 

Length of body, male, 18, female, 25; of pronotum, male, 4, female, 
5; of tegmina, male, 14, female, 16-18; of hind femora, male, 9.5, 
female, 13 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9748, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, January to March, 2 males and 
females. Taken by W. T. Foster. 


LEIOTETTIX FLAVIPES, new species. 


In general structure and appearance quite similar to the other species 
of the genus described above, but differing from all of them in the 
larger size and the more decided dark pronotal bands. It also reminds 
one of the species of Scotussa, but it lacks the pale dorsal vittee of both 
S. rubripes and S. brasiliensis, to which it approaches in size. As 
compared with them it has the head larger, the occiput shorter, the 
vertex broader and less deeply sulcate, the eyes less elongate and 
pointed above, the frontal costa broader above and more uniform in 
width, as well as decidedly sulcate in the vicinity of the ocellus. The 
pronotum is slightly contracted at the middle and the head is a trifle 
wider than its front edge—the sculpturing, punctation, and arrange- 
ment of the sulci are the same, only the present species lacks the piceous 
bands on head and sides of pronotum back of the eyes, and in their 
stead has them deep green in color. The color of tegmina, body, and 
legs are similar, save that in the insect now under consideration the 
hind tibiz are testaceous instead of green or coral-red. In some speci- 
mens the lower sulcus and inner face of the hind femora lack the bright 
red of brasiliensis especially. 

Length of body, male, 24, female, 28-31; of pronotum, male, 4. 85, 
female, 6-6.5; of tegmina, Tale: 19, female, 20-21; of hind femora, 
male, 12.25, female, 15.25-16 mm. 

Type. —Cat. No® 9749, U.S.N.M. 


688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, 2 females (Coll. L. Bruner); a num- 
ber of specimens of both sexes (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 

In size and general appearance this insect reminds one very much of 
a representative of Scotussa, but the form of the ovipositor in the 
female and the cerci of the male are abnormal for that genus and come 
much nearer to those of Lezotettix. 


SCOTUSSA Giglio-Tos. 
SCOTUSSA IMPUDICA Giglio-Tos. 


Scotussa impudica Giaiio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 25, fig. 4 a, b, ¢. 
Habitat.—Luque, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not represented in the 
Paraguayan collections studied. It occurs also in Argentina as far 
south as the southern part of the province of Santa Fe. 


SCOTUSSA RUBRIPES, new species. 


General color olive-green, becoming rufous on disk of pronotum 
and on the tegmina; below greenish yellow. Cheeks and lower half 
of lateral lobes of pronotum pale greenish yellow. The latter, 
together with sides of head back of eyes, piceous; this piceous band 
bordered above by a narrow one of testaceous, which gives to the 
insect a bivittate appearance, and at first glance suggests a species of 
Melanoplus or Dichroplus, to which the present genus is closely 
related, but from which it is readily separated by the structure of the 
upper valves of the female ovipositor, which are unusually long, 
straight, and slender. Hind tibize and tarsi bright coral-red. 

Head about as wide as front edge of thorax, the face rather oblique 
viewed from the side, the occiput not elevated; width of vertex about 
two-thirds the shortest, diameter of one of the eyes, fastigium gently 
depressed, sulcate, the well-defined bounding walls meeting in front 
at a right angle; frontal costa broad, narrowed to one-half its width 
at ocellus above where it is separated from the vertex by the meeting 
of the carinee that bound the sulcus, reaching the clypeus, not sulcate; 
eyes not prominent, about as long as the cheeks below them, slightly 
pointed above, straight in front; antenne filiform, about as long as 
head and pronotum together. Pronotum minus lateral carine, with 
the anterior lobe cylindrical, the hind lobe slightly enlarging posteri- 
orly, about two-thirds the length of the front one, transverse sulci 
dim, posterior edge broadly rounded or subangulate, surface of hind 
lobe profusely but shallowly punctate, of anterior one smoother. 
Tegmina and wings complete, reaching slightly beyond apex of hind 
femora and ovipositor, the tip rounded, intercalary vein well-defined, 
cross-veins and yeinlets few except on basal fourth, where they are 
‘numerous and irregular, giving the member a granular appearance. 
Hind femora moderately robust, not quite reaching the apex of upper 
valves of ovipositor; hind tibize with 8 spines in outer row. Proster- 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 689 


nal spine moderately robust, pyramidal, directed gently to the rear. 
Valves of the ovipositor very unequal, the upper ones nearly twice as 
long as the lower, straight, and provided with several small saw-like 
teeth along their outer edge on apical half; lower valves weak and 
hooked at apex and furnished below with a single additional subapical 
tooth. 

Length of body, female, 26; of pronotum, 6; of tegmina, 19; of 
hind femora, 13.5; of upper valves of ovipositor, 4 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9750, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—A single female specimen from Sapucay, Paraguay. 

The character of the ovipositor would indicate an abnormal egg- 
laying habit for this and allied species. Three such are known to me. 
They may be separated by the annexed 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Hind tibize green or glaucous. Valves of ovipositor tapering, scarcely toothed. 
impudica Giglio-Tos 
aa. Hind tibize coral-red. Valves of ovipositor of nearly equal size throughout, 
plainly serrate. 
b. Smaller (female, 26 mm.). Spines in outer row of hind tibiz 8. ~ (Sapucay, 


DEUCE CHUTE) Nene ere eee remote ote Senshi ae eine estos ae ee rubripes, new species 
bb. Larger (female, 31; male, 18 mm.). Spines in outer row of hind tibie 9. 
GSEVGRIER IOI oy) eherivall)) Me Apeeens se Sere eee neuen eer, eee Ret brasiliensis, new species @ 


PARASCOPAS, new name. 
PARASCOPAS OBESUS (Giglio-Tos). 


Scopas obesus Gicuio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 
184, p. 29. 

Giglio-Tos proposed Scopas as the generic name for this insect. 
As it had been preoccupied by Bonapart for a fish genus I suggest 
that Parascopas be used for the locust, and that the species obesus 
Giglio-Tos be made the type of the genus. 

The collection contains 5 specimens, 2 males and 3 females, from 
Sapucay (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). There are also a pair, male and 
female, in the collection of L. Bruner. These latter bear the same 
label. 


«Some time ago a considerable number of Orthoptera_from southern Brazil was 
submitted to the writer for determination. Among these were 8 specimens of the 
insect here tabulated. Aside from being larger and more robust than S. rubripes, 
which is herewith described rather fully, this Brazilian species has the tegmina 
more densely veined and the pronotum somewhat expanding posteriorly through- 
out, as indicated by the diverging pale vittee of the disk. The lower sulcus and 
inner face of hind femora are deep red, whereas in rubripes they are simply tinged 
with orange. As compared with S. impudica Giglio-Tos, brasiliensis has the two 
sexes greatly unequal in size, as will be seen by the following measurements: 

Length of body, male, 18-20, female, 31; of pronotum, male, 4.75, female, 6.8; of 
tegmina, male, 16, fenfale, 22; of hind femora, male, 11.5, female, 16 mm. Eight 
specimens, 4 males and 4 females. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——44 


690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


CHLORUS Giglio-Tos. 
CHLORUS BORELLII Giglio-Tos. 


Paradichroplus borellii Giau10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 
184, p. 27. 

Chlorus borellii Giautio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 311, 
p- 50, note. : 


Habitat.—Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). 
CHLORUS VARICOLOR (St&l). 


Pezotettix varicolor StAu, Obs. Orthopt., III, 1878, p. 9. 
Paradichroplus varicolor GiGi0-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., VIII, p. 813. 
Chlorus varicolor Giauro-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 
311, p. 50, note. 
Habitat.—Giglio-Tos reports this insect as coming from Paraguay. 
Possibly he refers to the insect which is described just beyond. 


CHLORUS VITTATUS, new species. 


Dark brownish green, varied on head, pronotum and abdomen with 
dirty ochraceous. Sides of basal half of abdomen heavily marked with 
jet black. Body and limbs rather strongly hirsute. 

Head rather large, a very little broader than the front edge of the 
pronotum, smooth; eyes large, rounded behind, nearly straight in 
front, separated above by a space about equal to the width of the frontal 
costa between the base of the antenne, a little longer than the cheeks 
below them; fastigium of the vertex somewhat expanding in front, 
shallowly sulcate, roundly confluent with the upper end of facial costa; 
latter broad, prominent, a very little narrowed above, broadly and 
very gently suleate near the ocellus, and strongly punctate on upper 
half. Antenne filiform, about as long as the head and pronotum 
combined. Pronotum subcylindrical, somewhat expanding on hind 
lobe, without lateral carinz, the median carina distinct throughout, 
slender, cut back of the middle by the last transverse sulcus, all three 
sulci quite strong; anterior edge truncate, faintly and broadly emargi- 
nate in middle, hind margin broadly rounded or subangulate. Teg- 
mina broadly oval, rather coarsely veined, their dorsal edges not quite 
meeting, extending backward to near the middle of second abdominal 
segment. Hind femora robust, a little surpassing the tip of abdomen. 
Valves of ovipositor slender, pointed, the upper pair a trifle longer 
than the lower. Space between the mesosternal lobes a little nar- 
rower than the lobes themselves, a trifle widest anteriorly. Prosternal 
spine pyramidal, acute, directed a little to the rear. 

As indicated above, the general color of this insect is dark brownish 
green, streaked and otherwise varied with dirty testaceous or ochra- 


@See Zool. Jahrb., VIII, p. 813. 


No. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 691 


ceous. Head back of upper part of eyes and on each side of disk of 
pronotum provided with a line of medium width; face, cheeks below 
middle of eyes, lower half of sides of pronotum, and oblique lines on 
both meso- and metapleura ochraceous. Abdomen above also of this 
color. Tegmina dark, with paler veins, giving to them a ferruginous 
appearance. Hind femora very deep green, a little paler beneath; the’ 
hind tibiew dark blue-green, the tarsi testaceous. Antenne ferru- 
-ginous, infuscated apically. 

Length of body, female 27; of pronotum, 6; of tegmina, 5; of hind 
femora, 15 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9751, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Sapucay, Paraguay, January 9 and 10; 2 females; W. T. 
Foster, collector. 

EUROTETTIX, new genus. 


As indicted by the synopsis of the Melanopline genera of Paraguay, 
this genus is composed of brachypterous insects, the chief color of 
which is ferruginous. Related to Chlorus Giglio-Tos. Body and legs 
moderately hirsute. 

Head large and broad, about as wide as the front edge of the pro- 
notum; eyes large and prominent, nearly twice as long as the cheeks 
below them; vertex but little broader than the width of the basal 
antennal joint, the fastigium depressed and spatulately deeply sulcate; 
frontal costa fading before the clypeus. Antenne filiform, a little 
longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum with the 
anterior lobe cylindrical, the hind lobe considerably expanding, much 

shorter than the anterior; the transverse sulci quite distinct, front 
edge subtruncate, hind edge subangulate or broadly rounded. Teg- — 
‘mina greatly abbreviate, broadly ovate, their inner edges not quite 
touching. Hind femora large and robust, considerably surpassing the 
apex of the abdomen. Anteriorand middle femora robust. The latter 
a very little enlarged apically, the last ventral segment short, entire at 
apex; supraanal plate scutellate, the cerci long, slender, pointed, and 
decurved at apex. Interspace between the mesosternal lobe nearly or 
quite as broad as long, but narrower than the lobes themselves. Pro- 
sternal spine broad at base, short, acuminate. 

Type of the genus.—The species femoratus described herewith. 

There are apparently two species of this genus at-hand. They may 
be separated as follows: 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Larger (male, 15.5 mm.). Hind femora very robust, without indications of dusky 
bands across their upper edge; their lower sulcus and tibize deep purple. 
femoratus, new species 
aa. Smaller (male, 11 mm.). Hind femora less robust, their upper edge with two 
dusky bands, the lower sulcus scarlet; tibize grayish-purple or lavender. 
minor, new species 


692. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


EUROTETTIX FEMORATUS, new species. 


A medium-sized brownish ferruginous locust with lobate tegmina 
and robust femora that greatly surpass the tip of the abdomen in the 
males. x 

Sides of head, back of eyes, and pronotum provided with a moderately 
broad piceous band that becomes much dimmer on the hind lobe. 
Lower half of lateral lobes of pronotum, together with the front edge 
and an oblique line running to base of hind femora testaceous. Teg- 
mina uniformly dark brown. Sides of basal abdominal segments 
largely piceous. Hind femora above and externally ferrugineo-testa- 
ceous, the former dotted with fuscous, the latter streaked with piceous 
along the middle; inner face and lower edge, together with the sulcus, 
strongly reddish purple, the greater part of the former dark piceous; 
genicular lunules pale. Hind tibiz and tarsi rather closely hirsute. 
Venter and pectus testaceous. 

Length of body, male, 15.5; of pronotum, 3.75; of tegmina, 3; of 
hind femora, 9.35 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9752, U.S.N.M. 

Fabitat.—A single male specimen collected during October by W. T. 
Foster at Sapucay, Paraguay. 


EUROTETTIX MINOR, new species. 


This insect differs from femoratus chiefly in its much smaller size 
and in coloration. 

Length of body, male, 11; of pronotum, 2.85; of tegmina, 2; of 
hind femora, 7 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9753, U.S.N:M. 

Habitat.—Asuncion, Paraguay; 2 male specimens collected in Sep- 
tember by the author. They were found in a closely grazed pasture. 


PARADICHROPLUS Brunner. 


TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 


a. Hind tibize provided with nine spines in outer row. 
b. General color yellowish, the dorsum of pronotum and abdomen dusky. Head 


blacks... 2.5 4o224.25,.8e 0 RoI oe SOR a ee ee ee bilobus Giglio-Tos 
bb. General color greenish olivaceous, the dorsum of pronotum and abdomen 
licht.” Head: concolorous 2522 eee ee eee brunneri Giglio-Tos 


aa. Hind tibize provided with eight spines in outer row. 
}. Hind tibize of the ordinary form, the lateral edges not expanded and acute. 
c. Moderately robust, the head large. General color ferruginous, irregularly 


and obsoletely variegated with greenish fuscous- --- - bipunctatus Giglio-Tos 
cc. More slender, fusiform, the head not large. General color brownish oliva- 
COOUS 's0isS gles ort See a ee fusiformis Giglio-Tos 


bb. Hind tibize expanded apically and with the lateral edges acute. 
aberrans Giglio-Tos 


NO. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS—BRUNER. 693 


PARADICHROPLUS BILOBUS Giglio-Tos. 


Paradichroplus bilobus G1a.10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 
302, p. 34. 
Habitat.—This species is recorded only from the Province of 
Jujuy, Argentina, and from the Bolivian Chaco. It is quite likely 
distributed into Paraguay as well. Not in the material studied. 


PARADICHROPLUS BRUNNERI Giglio-Tos. 


Plate XX XVII, fig. 5, female; Plate XXX VIII, fig. 6, male. 
Paradichroplus brunneri Graui0-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 
184, p. 25. 
Habitat.—Not in the collections, but reported from Asuncion, Prov- 
ince of San Pedro, etc. (Giglio-Tos, Bruner). It also occurs in Argen- 
tina, where it is abundant as far south as Rosario de Santa Fe. 


PARADICHROPLUS BIPUNCTATUS Giglio-Tos. 


Paradichroplus bipunctatus Gieii10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1894, 
No. 184, p. 26. 

Habitat.—A single female from Sapucay, Paraguay, is referred 
here. It was collected by W. T. Foster. Reported from Asuncion 
and the Province of San Pedro (Giglio-Tos). It also abounds in 
northern Argentina and the Bolivian Chaco. 


PARADICHROPLUS FUSIFORMIS Giglio-Tos. 


Paradichroplus fusiformis Gia.10-Fos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIT, 1897, 
oe 


No. 302, p. 35. 
Habitat. —Not contained in the collections, but reported from Asun- 
cion, Paraguay, San Lorenzo, Province of Jujuy, Argentina, and San 
Francisco, Bolivian Chaco, as well as a couple of localities in Brazil. 


PARADICHROPLUS ABERRANS Giglio-Tos. 


Paradichroplus aberrans Giauto-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 
184, p. 28. 
Habitat.—Reported by Giglio-Tos from the Colonia Risso, on the 
Rio Apa, Paraguay. 
Judging from the structure of the hind tibiz of this insect, as 
described by Giglio-Tos, it is more or less aquatic in its habits. 


OSMILIA Stal. 


The two Paraguayan species of this genus may be separated as 
follows: 


O-~ karger,, “Base ot wings, ight bluish’ 22.2% 2. oct. se. eedk violacea (Thunberg) 
aa. Smaller. Base of wings sordid yellowish-hyaline ........-. obliqua (Thunberg) 


~ 


694 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


OSMILIA VIOLACEA (Thunberg). 


Gryllus violaceus THuNBERG, Mém. Acad. St. Petersb., IX, 1824, p. 413. 

Acridium (Osmilia) violaceum Sti, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 68. 

Osmilia violacea Giauio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, 
p. 18. 


[Tabitat.—Several specimens of the two sexes, Sapucay, Paraguay 
(W.'T. Foster); Asuncion and Colonia Risso, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). It 
is also commonly met with in Brazil, Bolivia, and northern Argentina. 


OSMILIA OBLIQUA (Thunberg), 


Gryllus obliquus TaunBerG, Mém. Acad. St: Petersb., IX, 1824, p. 414. 
Acridium (Osmilia) obliquum Srv, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 69. 
Osmilia obliqua Gia.i10-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 18. 


/Tabitat.— Province of San Pedro and Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio- 
Tos); not in collections now studied. Brazil; northern Argentina. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
Puate XXXVI. 


Fic. 1. Cephalocema costulata Burmeister; p. 619: 

2. Stirapleura variabilis Bruner; p. 634. 

3. Sinipta dalmani Stal; p. 630. 

4. Euplectrotettix conspersus Bruner; p. 637. 

5. Dichroatettix viridifrons Bruner, male; p. 632. 
6. Dichroatettix viridifrons Bruner, female; p. 632. 
7. Parorphula graminea Bruner; p- 626. 

8. Plectrotettix pictus Bruner; p. 636. 

9. Elzxochlora viridicata (Serville), female; p. 651. 
10. Dichroplus elongatus Giglio-Tos; p. 681. 


Puate XXXVILI. 


1. Grea horrida Philippi; p. 640. 

2. Zoniopoda tarsata (Serville); p. 652. 

3. Zoniopoda omnicolor (Blanchard); p. 655. 

4. Schistocerca paranensis (Burmeister); p. 676. 

5. Paradichroplus brunneri Giglio-Tos, female; p. 693. 
6. Diponthus communis Bruner; p. 657. 

7. Tropinotus levipes Stal; p. 648. 

8. Spathalium hispidum, male, Bruner; p. 639. 


Pirate XXX VIII. 


Fic. 1. Leptysmina pallida Giglio-Tos; p. 658. 
2. Chromacris stolli (Pictet and Saussure); p. 651. 
3. Dichroplus punctulatus (Thunberg); p. 681. 
4. Dichroplus punctulatus (Thunberg); p. 681. 
5. Ossa viridis Giglio-Tos; p. 638. 
6. Paradichroplus brunneri Giglio-Tos, male; p. 693. 
7. Elxochlora viridicata (Serville), male; p. 651. 
8. Atrachelacris unicolor Giglio-Tos, female; p. 677. 
9. Atrachelacris unicolor Giglio-Tos, male; p. 677. 
10. Alewas lineatus Stal; p. 668. 
11. Spathalium hispidum, female, Bruner; p. 639. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX “PL. XXXVI 


Sse 2 eregmng\) 
PUP eLEPEL 
Ye = 


— 


PARAGUAYAN ACRIDIDZ. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 694. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXVII 


PARAGUAYAN ACRIDIDA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 694. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXVIII 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PARAGUAYAN ACRIDIDZ. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 694. 


LIST OF FISHES COLLECTED ON TANEGA AND YAKU, 
OFFSHORE ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN JAPAN, BY 
ROBERT VAN VLECK ANDERSON, WITH DESCRIP- 
TIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES. , 


By Davin Srarr JorpDAN and Epwin CHAPIN STARKS, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


For the year 1904-5, Mr. Robert Van Vleck Anderson, a graduate 
student of Stanford University, was engaged in the field study of the 
birds of Japan. On the islands of Yaku and Tanega (Yakushima and 
Tanegashima) he made an interesting collection of fishes of the tide- 
pools. Among the species obtained are seven which seem to be new 


Fic. 1.—CYPSILURUS AGOO. 


to science. These islands lie offshore, to the southeast of the large 
island of Kiusiu. Series of the specimens obtained are in the United 
States National Museum and in the collection of Stanford University. 
The figures presented in this paper were drawn by Mr. William Sacks- 
ton Atkinson. 

The new species are: Corythroichthys tanakx,; Atherina morrisi; 
Cristiceps flammeus; Blennius ellipes; Salarias andersoni; Salarias 
tanegasimex,; Petroscirtes loxozonus. 

Family ANGUILLIDE. 
ANGUILLA JAPONICA Schlegel. 


Two specimens from Miyanoura (‘‘inlet of the temple”), Yakushima, 
Family EXCC&TID. 
CYPSILURUS AGOO (Schlegel). < 


One specimen from Yakushima. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1462. 


jon) 
oS 
oN 


696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xxx. 


Family SYNGNATHID 2. 
CORY THROICHTHYS TANAK# Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head, 82 in length to base of caudal; depth, 14. Eye, 5 in head; 
snout, 25; dorsal, 20; body rings, 16-30. 

Top of head steeply but nowhere abruptly sloping to snout; snout 
somewhat curved upward; a low median ridge on top of head in line 
with a similar ridge on occipital plate and on first body ring; these 
more or less separated at sutures between plates; a slight ridge run- 
ning back from supraocular region; another slight ridge running 
horizontally across opercle; a prominent supraorbital tentacle present; 
a longer one, nearly as long as eye, on median ridge of head; and 
another smaller than the last on ridge of occipital plate, or frequently 
considerably at one side or the other of the ridge; snout a little shorter 
than postorbital part of head, a slight even ridge along its upper edge. 

Body anterior to vent considerably deeper than wide in either sex; 
behind vent regularly quadrangular, broken only by the egg pouch in 
the male. A median ridge on belly from isthmus to vent. Lower 
lateral ridge of trunk in line with, but not continuous with lower 


ye Caste. Chee 
OSU 28 -D 


eat Ba 9 LAS pL sa tae 


Fic. 2.—CORYTHROICHTHYS TANAK#. 


_ ridge of caudal, separated from ic by a very short interval opposite 
vent. Lateral ridge of trunk dipping abruptly down opposite vent 
and continued as lower caudal ridge. Upper ridges of trunk con- 
verging at occiput, sometimes the area between them at this point is 
concave; posteriorly each ridge ends under posterior third of base of 
dorsal. Upper caudal ridge bends down opposite dorsal and runs 
below posterior end of upper ridge of trunk, end of upper ridge of 
trunk ending opposite front of dorsal. Caudal pouch covering 15 
rings and contained in caudal portion of body 13 times. Length of 
pectoral equal to diameter of eye and slightly shorter than caudal. 
Dorsal covering one body ring and 4 caudal rings. 

Color of male specimens dark brown with 10 or 11 light cross bars 
on back between upper ridges; 1 at occiput, 3 in front of dorsal, 1 
under middle of dorsal, and the others spaced regularly behind dorsal, 
these bars usually not extending across sides, but in one or two 
examples they are faintly and irregularly indicated. Three conspic- 
uous dark spots on upper part of side of trunk below upper ridge; the 
anterior are sometimes faint. Two light irregular streaks running 
downward from eye give the lower part of head a mottled appearance. 
The females are lighter; two of them nearly colorless, the other very 
light brown and with the cross bars extending down across the sides. 


No. 1462. FISHES FROM SOUTHERN JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 69% 


The dark lateral spots of the male are absent in our specimens of the 
female. 

This species may be known by its short, thick, compressed body and 
by the coloration of the male. Eight specimens were collected at 
Tanegashima, in length from 57 to 7) mm. Five of them are males. 

The type is 70 mm. long and is numbered 53271, U.S. N. M. A 
cotype is No. 9358, Stanford University. The species is named for 
Mr. Shigeho Tanaka, of the Imperial University of Tokyo. 


Family ATHERINID. 
ATHERINA MORRISI Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head, 4 in length to base of caudal; depth, 43. Eye, 2% in head; 
snout, 34; interorbital space, 23; maxillary, 24; dorsal, VI-I, 10; anal, 
I, 14; scales, 45. 

Jaws equal; the maxillary reaching to below middle of eye. Teeth 
in narrow bands; narrower on lower jaw than upper. ‘The teeth on 
palatine in a very narrow band not continuous with that of vomer. 


alee 


Vy) 
a ‘ 


\ 


Fic. 8.—ATHERINA MORRISI. 


Kye very large, equal to postorbital part of head. Gill rakers long 
and slender, the longest 2 of diameter of eye, 20 on lower limb of arch. 

Scales with entire, but slightly uneven edges, feeling «a little rough 
to the touch. Seven transverse series of scales below spinous dorsal; 
18 scales in the median row on back between spinous dorsal and 
occiput; 8 between basis of dorsals. 

Origin of spinous dorsal midway between base of caudal and middle 
of eye; distance from front of first dorsal to front of second con- 
tained 14in head. Pectoral sharply pointed, its longest ray 14 in head, 
its tip reaching to above beginning of posterior third of ventral. 
Insertion of ventrals midway between front of anal and middle of eye; 
tips of ventrals reach ? of distance from their bases to front of anal. 
Length of base of anal equal to distance from base of last anal ray to 
base of lower rudimental caudal rays. Vent just posterior to tips of 
ventrals. 

Color dusky above with dark points, silvery below. A wide lateral 
band bordered above with a narrow lead-colored stripe. Lateral band 
entirely covering third row of scales below spinous dorsal and extend- 
ing across lower angles of second row; its lower edge extends down 


698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


nearly to middle of fourth row. Scales on back slightly bordered with 
bluish. Snout and tip of mandible black; dorsals and caudal dusky; 
pectoral blackish toward tip; ventrals and anal with the least tinge of 
dusky, nearly colorless. 

This species resembles Atherina lacunosa Forster in having a short 
stout body and large eye. It differs from it in having the maxillary 
longer and the lateral band wider. A specimen of the latter species 
from Sydney in the Stanford University collections has the maxillary 
reaching just past front of eye, scarcely to front of pupil, and upper 
edge of lateral band just above middle of third row of scales below 
spinous dorsal; its lower edge not reaching the lower points of the 
third row of scales, but slightly involving the upper points of the 
fourth row. From Atherina tsuruge it may be known by the longer 
maxillary, stouter body, and larger head and eye. 


K) 
1k 


Dr Qyyy 


FIG. 4.—AMIA NOTATA,. 


The type and sole specimen is 12 em. in length and was taken at 
Miyanoura, Yakushima. It is numbered 9359, Stanford University. 

This species is named for Mr. Earl Leonard Morris, in recognition 
of his careful work on the fishes of Southern California. 

Family KUHLIID. 
KUHLIA TZENIURA (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 

Several small specimens from rock pools on Tanegashima. 

The characteristic bands on the caudal of these young specimens are 
very conspicuous. 

Family APOGONICHTHYID A. 
AMIA NOTATA (Houttyn). 


One specimen from Yakushima. 


No. 1462. FISHES FROM SOUTHERN JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 699 


Family KYPHOSID. 
GIRELLA PUNCTATA Gray. 


Several small specimens collected at Tanegashima and Yakushima. 


Family LABRID. 
THALASSOMA CUPIDO (Schlegel). 


Many specimens collected at Miyanoura on Yakushima and two at 
Tanegashima. 
Family CHAATODONTID &. 


CHAZTODON MODESTUS Schlegel. 
Two small specimens from rock pools at Tanegashima. 
MICROCANTHUS STRIGATUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


A single young specimen 35 mm. in length, collected at Miyanoura, 
Yakushima. It has a distinct black blotch covering the basal half of 


Fig. 5.—EVIOTA ApAX. 


the anterior dorsal rays. A broken dark bar following base of anal 
rays. Nape with 3 cross bars, the third extending downward following 
edge of opercle. 

Family CIRRHITID. 


CIRRHITUS MARMORATUS Lacépéde. 

A specimen from Yakushima 15 em. in length. This common spe- 
cies of the South Seas has not been previously recorded from Japan. 
Family GOBITDE. 

EVIOTA ABAX (Jordan and Snyder). 


Several specimens taken at Tanegashima. The second spine of the 
male of this species is of variable length, in some specimens reaching 


700 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


just past front of soft dorsal, as in the figure published with the 
original description; in others it is filamentous and reaches past base 
of last dorsal ray. The anal and soft dorsal are higher in the male 
than in the female. . 

This species has the head naked and the preopercle entire. It is 
therefore not referable to Asterropterix, but rather to Hy/ota Jenkins. 
This species reaches a much larger size than any of the others placed 
by us in Hviota. 


RHINOGOBIUS HADROPTERUS (Jordan and Snyder). 


Numerous specimens taken one-fourth mile above mouth of the 
Miyanoura, on Yakushima. This species belongs to the subgenus or 
group called Porogobius. 


Fic. 6.—RHINOGOBIUS HADROPTERUS. 


Family CHAMPSODONTID 2. 
CHAMPSODON VORAX Gunther. 


One specimen from Miyanoura, Yakushima. 


Family BLENNIID. 
ENNEAPTERYGIUS ETHEOSTOMA (Jordan and Snyder). 


Several specimens taken at Tanegashima. All of the Pacific species 
referred to 7ripterygion seem to be generically distinct from the type 


FIG. 7.—ENNEAPTERYGIUS ETHEOSTOMA, 


No. 1462. FISHES FROM SOUTHERN JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. %01 


of the latter genus, which is a species of the Mediterranean. We 
have therefore revived the name HLnneapterygius, based on a species 


of the Red Sea. 


CRISTICEPS FLAMMEUS Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head, 44 in length to caudal base; depth, 43. Eye, 4% in head; 
interorbital space, 64; snout, 4; maxillary, 2. Dorsal Il], X XVI, 5; 
anal II, 20. Scales, about 87. 

Mouth rather oblique; the jaws equal. Maxillary extending slightly 
past posterior orbital margin. Teeth rather blunt; in a single row on 
sides of mandible, in a small patch in front, and in a band on premax- 
illary. Teeth on vomer in a crescent-shaped patch continuous with 
the palatine patches. Interorbital space narrow and appearing convex, 
but the bone is concave or channeled along its middle. Short, flat, 


Fig. 8.—CRISTICEPS FLAMMEUS. 


digitate flaps present above eyes; the divisions not extending to base 
of flaps and subdivided into fine fringers. The hooked process on 
shoulder girdle prominent. 

First two dorsal spines equal in length and equal to distance from 
middle of eye to opercular flap; the third spine half as long and 
attached to extreme base of first spine of second portion of dorsal. 
Spines of second portion of dorsal growing gradually longer posteri- 
orly; the last is shorter than soft rays, its length equal to combined 
length of snout and eye. Tips of last dorsal rays reaching to opposite 
base of caudal; the last ray attached to caudal peduncle by membrane. 
Anal spines shorter than rays, the second 33 in head. Membrane of 
anal deeply incised; the last rays not reaching so far back as those of 
dorsal. Pectoral broadly rounded. Ventrals 3 rayed, the middle ray 
the longest, the inner ray half the length of the outer. Ventrals 
reaching two-thirds of distance from their base to front of anal. 
Caudal rounded. _ 

Color in spirits everywhere light grayish without markings or shad- 
ing. When received in formalin it was a bright orange. This species 


702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


is appar arently more e nearly related to Cristiceps roseus Ginther than to 
any other. It differs in having palatine teeth and no nasal tentacle. 

The type and sole specimen is 83 mm. in length, and was collected 
at Tanegashima. It is numbered 9360, Stanford he 


BLENNIUS ELLIPES Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head, 5 in length to base of caudal; depth, 53. Eye, 34 in head; 
maxillary, 24; snout, 3; interorbital space, 7. Dorsal XI, 20; anal 23. 

Head shaped “iio as in Salarias andersoni, ara ie orbital 
region produced, the front of the head subvertical, and the mouth 
under theeye. Front of maxillary a little anterior to eye, and posterior 
end of maxillary about the same distance behind eye. This character 
is variable, owing to distortion of head. Teeth movable, in a single 
even row on jaws; about 30 on mandible; a strong hooked canine inside 
of each end of mandibular band. A long, slender, simple tentacle 


: ain. 


FIG, 9.—BLENNIUS ELLIPES. 


present aboye eye; no nasal tentacle. Interorbital space narrow and 
concave. A ring of rather large pores extending irregularly around 
eyes. 

Origin of dorsal considerably in front of the vertical from tip of 
opercle. Dorsal not notched; the rays unbranched and only differ- 
entiated from the spines by having cross articulations. Tips of last 
dorsal rays reaching to or a little past base of caudal; the last ray 
attached to caudal peduncle by membrane. Membrane of anal more 
deeply incased than that of dorsal. Pectoral rounded or obtusely 
pointed; its tip reaching to opposite vent. Length of ventral, 14 in 
head. 

olor light gray with dusky cross bands extending down to middle 
of sides. These are 7 in number, definitely arranged, their edges 
softly blended to the ground color, and each band separated at the- 
middle into an upper and a lower portion. Dorsal dusky and some- 
what marbled at base of spines and rays; anal growing slightly dusky 
toward tips of rays, caudal dusky, and inconspicuous light dots form 
faint cross lines; pectoral and ventrals light or sometimes very slightly 
dusky. 


No. 1462. FISHES FROM SOUTHERN JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. %08 


Numerous specimens were taken at Tanegashima and four at Yaku- 
shima; the longest 70 mm. in length. 

The type is 60 mm. long and was taken at the former locality. It 
is numbered 53272, U. S. N. M. A cotype is No. 9361, Stanford 
University. 


SALARIAS ENOSIM £4 (Jordan and Snyder). 


Numerous specimens collected at Miyanoura, Yakushima, and at 
Tanegashima. They usually have the orbital tentacle fringed at the 


Fig. 10.—SALARIAS ENOSIM#. 


edges and longer than in the typical specimens. This species, with 
the next two, belongs to the subgenus Scartichthys. This group dif- 
fers from Sa/arias proper in having the dorsal conspicuously notched. 


SALARIAS ANDERSONI Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head, 53 in length to caudal base; depth, 54. Eye, 4 in head; 
maxillary, 3; interorbital space, 9. Dorsal XI, 19 or 20; anal, 20 
to 22. 

Head produced at orbital region and overhanging the mouth; region 
between eye and upper lip a little concave. Front of mouth under 


Fig, 11.—SALARIAS ANDERSONI, 


front of pupil; maxillary extending considerable past eye. Teeth in 
a comb-like, single, even row, attached to flesh of jaws; upper lip not 
fringed. A rather long nasal tentacle present in front of eye, and a 
much longer, slender, supraorbital tentacle, attached to upper part of 


704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. Xxx 


eyeball. A high thin flap of skin on top of head extending from 
between posterior margin of eyes to occiput. Pores of lateral line 
not extending past tip of pectoral. 

Notch between spinous and soft portions of dorsal not very deep, 
the membrane of the last spine extends 14 times the diameter of the 
eye above the base of the first ray. Origin of dorsal a little in front 
of opercular flap; last dorsal rays extend slightly past base of caudal, 
and are bound by membrane to caudal peduncle; membrane between 
dorsal rays scarcely incised. Anal coterminous with dorsal; the mem- 
brane between anal rays incised nearly half way from base to tip of 
rays. Pectoral rather broad, its length equal to that of head. Inner 
ray of ventral the longer, its length 1$ in head. Caudal rather 
broadly rounded. 

Color dusky brown, marked on sides with narrow, definite, longi- 
tudinal, light lines, interrupted at short and irregular distances. Dis- 
tal half of dorsal spines crossed by small oblique, alternate light and 
dark lines, growing darker anteriorly. Soft dorsal similarly marked, 
but much lighter and the markings extending lower on fin. Anal 
dusky, growing gradually darker toward ends of rays. Pectorals and 
ventrals slightly dusky; caudal crossed by fine wavy lines. 

This species may be known from other Japanese members of its 
genus by the produced orbital region, and by the color. 

Four specimens were collected at Tanegashima, the type and largest 
specimen is 79 mm. in length. It is numbered 53273 U.S.N.M. Co- 
types are No. 9362, Stanford University. 

The species is named for Mr. Robert Van Vleck Anderson. 


SALARIAS TANEGASIM £4 Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head, 44 in length to base of caudal; depth at ventral fins, 6. Eye, 
44 in head; snout, 33; maxillary, 24. Dorsal XII, 18; anal, 20. 

Snout blunt, broadly rounded in profile. Eyes projecting slightly 
above upper profile of head; separated by a very narrow concave inter- 
orbital space scarcely wider than diameter of eye. A rather long 
supraorbital tentacle of variable length and usually fringed on the 
edges is present. Mouth broadly curved and subinferior, the maxil- 
lary reaching to below posterior margin of orbit, upper lip fringed on 
the edge with a single row of papille. Teeth as in 8. enos?¢me. Top 
of head without a median crest of skin; sometimesa ridge or an incon- 
spicuous low fold of skin is present. 

Posterior rays of soft dorsal not reaching past base of caudal; in S. 
enosiie they reach considerably past. Longest rays of soft dorsal 
contained 14 in head; 14 to 14 in head in the latter species. Spinous 
dorsal a little lower than soft dorsal; the longest spines 2! in head. 
Notch between spinous and soft rays of dorsal very deep, nearly sepa- 
rating the fin into two parts. 


NO. 1462. FISHES FROM SOUTHERN JAPAN—JORDAN AND STARKS. 705 


Color very much as in S. enoséme, but the anal always white instead 
of black, and the dorsal without the narrow light lines. 
_ This species differs from S. enos¢mx Jordan and Snyder in having 
no median crest on top of head, the dorsal and anal fins not so high, 
and the anal white. 


Fig. 12.—SALARIAS TANEGASIM®. 


Numerous specimens, the largest 84 mm. in length, were collected 
at Tanegashima, and at Miyanoura, Yakushima. 

The type is numbered 53274, U.S.N.M. Cotypes are 9363, Stanford 
University. ; 


PETROSCIRTES LOXOZONUS Jordan and Starks, new species. 


Head, 5 in length to base of caudel; depth, 62. Eye, 5 in head; 
snout, 34; maxillary, 34; interorbital space, 7. Dorsal XIII or XIV, 
20; anal, 24. 

Upper profile of head broadly rounded from nape to tip of blunt snout, 
sometimes the curve slightly interrupted at orbital region. Mouth 
small; the maxillary reaching to below middle of eye; lower jaw 


Zin. 


Fic, 18.—PETROSCIRTES LOXOZONUS, 


included, the teeth sloping forward and even with those of premaxil- 
lary. Teeth in a single even row, slightly movable, but not so much 
so as in species of Salarias; a single curved canine at posterior end of 
premaxillary band of teeth. Interorbital space convex, no tentacles 
present. Gill slit scarcely reaching below upper edge of base of pec- 
toral; its length 4 of diameter of eye. 

Dorsal continuous, not elevated in front, and with flexible spines 
and rays, the latter unbranched and differentiated from the former by 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——45 


706 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


cross-articulation, which are only evident under considerable magnifi- 
cation; the posterior 20 are rays. Base of first dorsal spine directly 
above gill slit. The dorsal of the male is a little higher than that of 
the female. In the male the longest dorsal rays are contained 1} to 
14 in head; in the female 1? to 13. Caudal in the female truncate or 
very slightly rounded; in the male the upper and lower rays produced 
and filamentous. Pectoral rounded, its length half as long as the space 
between its base and front of anal. Ventral with 2 rays; the inner 
ray the longer, reaching % of distance from its base to vent. 

Color light gray; the sides crossed with many dark bands a little 
wider than the spaces between them, and with edges blended to the 
lighter color. Posteriorly the bands slope downward and forward; 
anteriorly, downward and backward; at a little behind the middle of 
the body the 2 sorts of bands are separated by a V-shaped mark. A 
conspicuous dark spot just behind eye. Dorsal of female without 
color, or light and crossed with indistinct dusky wavy lines. Dorsal 
of male dark, nearly black, and with a black spot across the middle of 
the eighth to the tenth or eleventh rays from the posterior end. Anal 
dusky, growing darker toward tips of rays; darker in males than in 
females. 

This species differs from other members of its genus in the pattern 
of its color markings. 

Numerous specimens were taken at Tanegashima, in length from 40 
to 70 mm. 

The type is 64 mm. in length and is numbered 53275 U.S.N.M. 
Cotypes are No. 9364 Stanford University. 

This species belongs to the subgenus Aspidontus, distinguished from 
typical Petroscirtes, by the low anterior spines of the dorsal. In the 
type of Petroscirtes these are much elevated. 


NOTE ON ANARHICHAS FASCIATUS BLEEKER. 


The wolf fish mentioned by Jordan and Snyder? from Mombetsu, in 
Iburi, Japan, as Anarhichas species, is doubtless the species described 
from China as Anarrhichas fasciatus.” 


«Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX V,.1902, p. 502. 
b Bleeker, Nederl. Tyds., 1873, p. 151. 


A REVIEW OF THE AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE GENUS 
COSMOPTERYX HUBNER. 


By Avueusr Buscx, 
Of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 


The little moths belonging to the genus Cosmopteryx are probably 
familiar to anyone who has collected and observed insects in nature. 
Who has not occasionally on a warm midsummer day met with a slen- 
der little streak of gold and silver sitting in the sunshine ona leaf ina 
protected corner and twirling its long white-tipped antenne in graceful 
motions? If, when examined more closely, it is found to be a smooth 
shining little moth, brown with silvery lines on palpi and antenne, 
and with a striking broad golden or orange fascia across the outer half 
of the wing, bordered on both sides by bright metallic scales, then you 
have a Cosmoptery«. 

Most of the species may at once be recognized by this characteristic 
ornamentation alone, without structural examination. 

The genus belongs to the family Elachistide, and has the following 
structural characters: Face and head smooth. Labial palpi very long, 
smooth, recurved, pointed; terminal joint longer than second joint. 
Maxillary palpi obsolete. Antenne nearly as long as the forewings, 
simple; basal joint very long. Forewings very long, narrow; apex 
produced, pointed; 12 veins (or sometimes only 11, vein 5 being 
absent); 6, 7, and 8 from a common stalk; 7 to costa; 1 b furcate at 
base. Hindwing linear with very long cilia; venation limited to a 
costal and a subcostal vein, and a simple or forked median vein; trans- 
verse vein, and veins 5, 4, and sometimes 3 being obsolete. Legs long, 
posterior tibiz rough-haired. 

The larve are leaf miners, and the mines are easily distinguished 
from most others by the scrupulous cleanliness with which the larva 
ejects all its frass through a hole, so that the mine remains clear and 
white. At maturity the larva changes its color from green to a vivid 
purple or wine-red, leaves the mine, and spins a matted flattened 
cocoon of silk. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1463. “07 
; 7 


708 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


The different species are very uniform in general appearance, but 
are not difficult to separate by small, but quite easily seen, characters. 

Thus Lord Walsingham pointed out” the value of the different posi- 
tions of the white annulations of the antennz, and suggested that the 
species might be tabulated by that character alone. Aside from the 
fact, however, that the tip of the antennz is about the most vulnera- 
ble point, and often lost in a dry specimen, the white annulations are 
not quite so constant as Lord Walsingham supposed, differing occa- 
sionatly in the same specimen. Nevertheless, they furnish a valuable 
help in the identification, and I have, in the following, given the col- 
oration in all the species, where I know it, as it may eventually become 
of more importance. 

The species described by the writer? as Cosmopteryx villella was at 
the time known only from a unique example with wings folded; even 
this, however, hardly excuses the mistake of referring it to the pres- 
ent genus; examination of the venation disclosed that the species does 
not belong in this genus, but in the somewhat related genus CAryso- 
clista Stainton, which thus for the first time is recorded from this 
continent. 

The American species may be separated by the following table: 


TABLE OF SPECIES OF COSMOPTERYX. 


Forewings with white markings on basal half....-......----.-------------- 1 
Forewings without white markings on basal half....------- ee ee eee sae LE 12 

1. Basal half with short longitudinal white streaks only ......----------------- 2 
Basal hali with loneitudinallsywihutetinest So fee sass ee sees eee eee 6 

2. Basal metallic margin of fascia nearly perpendicular on edge -.---- (se See 3 
Basal metallic margin of fascia strongly oblique ------..----.-----.-------- 5 

8: Dorsal -edve white at bases 5262 ees ee ee bee eee eee pulcherrimella 
Dorsal: edee notwwhite: 222 05 hae ae a ee 4 

4. Apical margin of fascia nearly perpendicular............-...--.-.--- clemensella 
Apical margin of fascia strongly oblique: .2: e222 cee eee gemmiferella 

5. Head and thorax with three prominent longitudinal lines. .......--- attenuatella 
Head and thorax with one famt central ime ss - eee ee eee ipomeen 

6. Forewings, with yellow or orange fascia 222292 oes noc eee eee 7 
Rorewines) without:such fascia sare mee oe eee Sees ee ee unicolorella 

7;. Expanse of forewings, less than 8 mma 2.20 2<S2 sss ee eee eee 8 
Expanse miore. than lO\mmi:) S222 hese ae oe ae eee 11 

&.. Metallic: spots surrounded by, yellO were se ese se epee ee eee quadrilineella 
Metallic.spots edging the*yellow 322325 ee 2 ae aes ee ee ee ee 9 

9. With black discal spots between first metallic spot and fascia .........-.---- 10 
Without such black-spot(se= 5 42) ssa se ene oe ere chalybella 

10. Apical pair of metallic spots not touching edges of wing ..---.--.------ delicatella 
Both apical metallic spots reaching the edge.-...-.---..---..--:-..--- minutella 

17, Forewings light drapcolonede 2=as eee ee ee eee ee Saree fernaldella 
Forewing deep browit -. 5-2 2c se Be ca ee es monticella 

12. Yellow fascia divided by longitudinal black streak ........ ...-.--------- nitens 


Fascia not thus divided 


a Insect Life, I, 1889, p. 289. b Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X X VII; 1904, p. 768. 


No, 1463. REVIEW OF THE GENUS COSMOPTERYX—BUSCK. 709 


COSMOPTERYX PULCHERRIMELLA Chambers. 
Cosmopterys pulcherrimella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6072. 


There is in the National Museum a series of Cosmopteryx, bred by 
Miss M. Murtfeldt in Kirkwood, Missouri, from Pilea pumila and 
rightly determined by Lord Walsingham in 1889 as the present spe- 
cies. There are also two specimens determined by him from North 
Carolina (Morrison.) I have examined identical specimens in Pro- 
fessor Fernald’s collection, but Chambers’s original type from Ken- 
tucky is not in existence. 

The species has the following antenne coloration: Terminal 4 joints 
white, preceding 5 joints white, next 2 black, next 1 white, next 1 
black, and the following 1 white. 

Miss Murtfeldt has kindly given me the following notes on the 
larva: 

Feeds on rickweed (Pilea pumila), a succulent little plant of the nettle family, with 
adhesive, but not urticating leaves; mining, twisting, and crumpling them. 

Larva yellowish white, subcylindrical. 

Head shining black, with the diversions defined by narrow white lines. Cervical 
shield broad, oblong, with fine white central line. The sutures are very deep, giving 
the larva a moniliform aspect. 

These larvee are not confined to one mine, but may be seen wandering over the 
leaves and stems, cutting in between the two cuticles of a leaf and covering it with 
transparent spots of various sizes. They change to pupa under a fold of the leaf or, 
between the wrinkles or not infrequently on the surface of the ground, protected by 
a very slight dingy cocoon. There seems to be several broods in a season. 


COSMOPTERYX CLEMENSELLA Stainton. 


Cosmopteryx clemensella Svarnvron, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6062.— 
Buscx, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc., V, 1903, p. 197. 

I have examined Stainton’s type of this species in the British Museum. 
In the National Museum is an identical specimen, which is evidently 
one of Clemens’s original specimens obtained by the late Professor 
Riley. Other specimens from Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts 
(Beutenmiiller); Falls Church, Virginia (Banks), and Washington, 
District of Columbia (Busck). 

The coloration of the antenne, counting from the tip, is thus: Last 
5-6 joints white, next 9-10 joints black, next 8-9 white, sometimes 
with a black dot on the third or fourth, sometimes with both these 
joints black. 

COSMOPTERYX GEMMIFERELLA Clemens. 
Cosmopteryx gemmiferella CLEMENS, Dyar, Cat. Lep. N. A., 1903, No. 6066.— 
Buscx, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc., V, 1903, p. 197. 


Of this species the U. 8. National Museum possesses a specimen, 
~which undoubtedly originally came from Clemens and which agrees 
with his type in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. 


710 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Other specimens are from Sea Cliff, New York (Banks), and from 
Washington, District of Columbia (Busck). 

The coloration of the antenne, which, as in the foregoing species, is 
not quite constant, is as follows: 3-4 last joints white, 5-8 next joints 
black, 1 next white, 2 next black, 3 next white. 

I believe this species feeds on morning-glory, though I have not 
succeeded in breeding it. There is a Cosmopteryx mine and larva not 
uncommon in this plant around Washington, and I have repeatedly 
taken the present species on such plants. 


COSMOPTERYX ATTENUATELLA Walker. 


Cosmopteryx attenuatella WALKER, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6068. 

The type of the synonym Cosmopteryx lespedeze Walsingham, 
from Texas, is in U. S. National Museum; also a specimen from Palm 
Beach, Florida (Dyar) and several from Santo Domingo, West Indies 
(Busck). The antennal coloration is as follows: 4 last joints white, 


~ 


5 next joints black, 1 next white, 1 next black. 


COSMOPTERYX IPOMCE: Busck. 


Cosmopteryx ipomex Buscx, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6067. 
The type of this species from Palm Beach, Florida (Dyar), is in the 
U. 5. National Museum and has the following antennal ornamentation: 
3-[4?] last joints white, 5 following black, and 1 succeeding white. 


COSMOPTERYX UNICOLORELLA Walsingham. 


Cosmopteryx unicolorella WALSINGHAM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6074. 

I have examined the unique type of this species in Lord Walsing- 
ham’s collection at Merton Hall, England. It can not be confounded 
with any other described American species through its total lack of a 
yellow or orange fascia. The species was described from California 
(Walsingham) and has the antenne colored thus: 4 apical joints white, 
the succeeding 5 or 6 black, the next 1 joint white, the following 2 or 
3 black, and the next 3 white. 


COSMOPTERYX QUADRILINEELLA Chambers. 
Cosmopteryx quadrilineella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6073. 

The type of this very distinct little species from Texas is in the 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
received from Chambers. It is a true Cosmopteryx, easily distin- 
guished from all other described American species by the suffused 
yellow fascia, which spreads all over the apical half of the wing and 
surrounds the metallic spots, instead of being limited by them as is 
usual. 

The antennz are lost in these types, which are the only specimens 
known to me. 


No. 1463. REVIEW OF THE GENUS COSMOPTERYX—BUSCK. (em 


COSMOPTERYX CHALYBALLA Walsingham. 
Cosmopteryx chalybella WatstincHaM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am: Lep., 1903, No. 6061. 


I have examined the type in Lord Walsingham’s collection, but my 
notes on itare not so fullas I wouldlike. I knowof no other specimens 
of this species, which, according to Lord Walsingham, has apex of 
antennz white, ‘‘ with two or more white rings preceded by a dark 
band before it.”“ The species was described from Texas. 

COSMOPTERYX DELICATELLA Walsingham. 
Cosmopteryx delicatella WALSINGHAM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6063. 

The type of this species from North Carolina is in Lord Walsingham’s 
collection, where I have examined it. In the U.S. National Museum 
is a specimen from Washington, District of Columbia (Busck). The 
attenne ornamentation is, according to the description, as follows: 
‘‘ Brown, the apex broadly white with two narrow white rings separated 
from apex by a still broader brown band.” 


COSMOPTERYX MINUTELLA Beutenmiiller. 


Cosmopteryx minutella BEUTENMULLER, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6069. 


The type (No. 497) of this species is in U.S. National Museum; it is 
minus antenne and not in very perfect condition otherwise, but is 
easily distinguished from the preceding and from the following species 
with which it has the black spot on the basal part of the fascia in com- 
mon by the characters, given in the synoptic table. The description 
gives no mention of the antenne and I know of no other specimen 
besides the type. 


COSMOPTERYX FERNALDELLA Walsingham. 
Cosmopteryx fernaldella WaustNcHAM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6064. 


This species is, as mentioned by the writer,’ the same as described 
by Beutenmiiller as Cosmopteryx floridanella® and by the writer as 
C. nigrapunctella. In the U. 8. National Museum are, besides the 
types of both these species, other specimens from Hasting, Florida, 
Washington, District of Columbia (Busck), and Hazleton, Pennsyl- 
vania (Dietz). I have examined Lord Walsingham’s types in Professor 
Fernald’s collection and in England. The coloration of the antenne 
distinguishes this also otherwise very distinct species from the other 
American forms; apical joint is black, the next 6 or 7 joints white, the 
following 2 black, and the next 2 white. 


@ Insect Life, I, 1889, p. 289. 
bProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XVII, 1904, p. 769. 
¢ Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6065. 


712 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, XXX, 


COSMOPTERYX MONTICELLA Chambers. 


Cosmopteryx monticella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6070. 

I have examined the types of this species in the Museum of Compara- 
tive Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and in Professor Fernald’s 
collection. They are identical with a specimen determined by Lord 
Walsingham inthe U.S. National Museum from California. Chambers’s 
types came from Colorado. The antenne have the following colora- 
tion: Apical 5 joints white, following 7 joints black, next 1 white, next 
2 black. 

COSMOPTERYX NITENS Walsingham. 
Cosmopteryx nitens WALSINGHAM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep. N. Am., 1903, No. 6071. 

Professor Fernald was so kind as to give me parts of the type mate- 
rial of this species during a visit to his home ia 1902. Besides this 
specimen, which I compared with Lord Walsingham’s type in England 
last spring, there are others, probably all from the same series, in the 
U.S. National Museum from Texas. 

It is a striking species, easily distinguished by the longitudinal black 
streak in the yellow cilia, as well as by the coloration of the antenne, 
which is as follows: Two apical joints white, 7 succeeding joints black, 
next 1 white. 


COSMOPTERYX CLANDESTINELLA, new species. 


Antenne blackish brown; each joint of basal half dotted with silvery 
white; the last four apical joints white, the five preceding ones black, 
followed by two or three white joints. Labial palpi blackish brown, 
silvery on the inside, and with two longitudinal silvery white lines. 
Face silvery white, iridescent. Head and thorax dark brown, strongly 
metallic. Forewings blackish brown; basal half without any white 
markings, but with two oblique, converging, shert, broad, somewhat 
confluent, bluish metallic streaks, equidistant from the base, one on 
the subcostal vein, the other, and somewhat larger, below the fold. 
Just outside the middle of the wing is a narrow, complete violet and 
silvery metallic fascia followed by a short space of the ground color; 
then follows the usual reddish yellow fascia, which has an angulated 
posterior edge, being much and abruptly prolonged along the costal 
edge; it is limited posteriorly by a large violet metallic dorsal spot and 
by a few metallic costal scales, which are in turn followed by a white 
costa streak prolonged into the cilia. Apical part of the wing dark 
brown, with a small silvery white dorsal dash just before the tip. 
Hindwings dark fuscous. Abdomen blackish brown. Legs silvery 
white on the inner side, black barred with white on the exterior side; 
posterior tibizee with three long erect tufts of black hairs; tarsi black, 
each joint tipped with silvery white. 

Alar expanse.—8 mm. 


NO. 1463. REVIEW OF THE GENUS COSMOPTER YX—BUSCK. 713 


Habitat.— District of Columbia, Virginia, Maryland. 

Food plant: Panicum clandestinum. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9777, U.S.N.M. 

Described from many specimens bred by the writer from mines 
collected early in June in the country surrounding Washington City. 

The mine is an irregular longitudinal clear blotchmine with the frass 
ejected at one end. The larva is light green with short light hairs 
and with yellow head and thoracic shield. At maturity it assumes a 
brilliant wine-red color in three broad longitudinal stripes, and cuts 
a circular piece out of the epidermis of its mine, which it bends length- 
wise and uses for a cocoon exactly like the genus Cycloplasis Clemens. 

The imagoes issued late in July. Dr. H. G. Dyar has made the 
following description of the larva: 

Head flattened, disk-like, elongate, clypeus rather broadly triangular, lobes meet- 
ing above, pale, unmarked. Cervical shield large, very weakly cornified, ill defined, 
luteous; body slightly flattened, subequal tapering at the ends, segments submonili- 
form; feet normal, moderate, the thoracic ones distinct pale, the abdominal ones 
truncate cylindrical, with a small circle of hooks; setze small and obscure, pale, 


without distinct tubercles, fairly long, apparently normal, iv and y separate. Color 
pale, with broad blotchy subdorsal and subventral broad red stripes. 


A REVIEW OF THE SAND LANCES OR AMMODYTIDZ OF 
THE WATERS OF JAPAN. 


By Davin Srarr JORDAN. 


Of Stanford University, California. 


In this paper is given a review of the species of fishes constituting 
the family of Ammodytidx, known to inhabit the waters of Japan. 


Family AMMODYTID_X. 


Body elongate, lanceolate, compressed, naked or covered with small, 
cycloid or sculptured scales. Head long, the lower jaw produced, the 
mouth rather large; teeth in jaws small or wanting. Vomer promi- 
nent, sometimes with horny appendages. Gill openings very wide, 
the membranes separate or united, free from the isthmus. Pseudo- 
branchiz large, lamellate. Gill rakers long and slender. Gills 4, a 
slit behind the fourth. Opercles well developed, the bones thin, 
unarmed. Premaxillaries very protractile, the maxillaries long and 
slender. Lateral line median or dorsal. Dorsal fin continuous, of 
soft rays only. Caudal fin small, forked, free from dorsal and anal. 
Vent behind middle of body; anal fin similar to dorsal but usually of 
fewer rays. Pectorals moderate, inserted low. Ventrals jugular, of 
a slender spine and three soft rays, or else altogether wanting. Lower 
pharyngeals very small, separate. No air bladder. Pyloric cecum 
usually single. 

‘Small, silvery carnivorous fishes living on sandy shores and swim- 
ming in schools, often burying themselves in the sand. They are 
excellent as food. They belong to the subarctic fauna and to the fauna 
of India. 

The recent discovery of the genus Himbolichthys, provided with jug- 
ular ventral fins shows that these fishes have no affinity with the Per- 
cesoces, but that they should be relegated to the neighborhood of 
Ophidion and Fierasfer, the association assigned to them by Cuvier 
and Giinther. 

The Ammodytide are divisible into five genera. These constitute 
three well-marked subfamilies, each of which might without violence 
be conceded family rank. The group is not rich in species, not more 
than 8 to 10 being clearly defined. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. XXX—No. 1464. 716 
i 


716 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


a. Dorsal fin much longer than anal; body scaly; lateral line along side of back; dor- 
sal and anal not elevated anteriorly; gill membranes separate. 

b. BLEEKERIN®. Tropical species, with the dorsal rays and the vertebree in rela- 
tively small number, the dorsal rays being about 40, the vertebrae probably 
about the same; body covered with ordinary scales, finely sculptured, without 
oblique transverse folds of skin; no fold of skin along side of belly. 

c. Ventral fins present, jugular, the rays I, 3; jaws with small teeth. 
Embolichthys 
cc. Ventral fins wanting; jaws toothless. (3B. kallolepis of India; B. gilli of 
unknown: locality) -22 is ca 5 [S62 Soe oe ee eee Bleekeria 
bb. AMMopyTIN®”. Arctic species, with the dorsal rays and the vertebree in rela- 
tively large number, each about 60; body covered with oblique transverse 
folds of skin; jaws toothless; a fold of skin along each side of belly. 


a. Nomer prominent, butsumarmede eee saeco ee eee Ammodytes 
dd. Vomer with a bicuspid, tooth-like prominence anteriorly. (HH. lancea of 


Hurope) es 2et Sse SEU Ee ie eee eS ee eee ee Hyperoplus 

aa. HypoprycHin®. Dorsal fin opposite anal and similar in size; body naked; 
lateral line along middle of side; a fold of skin along middle line of belly; gill 
membranes imited: tree fromist mus see = esse ee FHypoptychus 


EMBOLICHTHYS Jordan and Evermann. 


EMBOLICHTHYS JORDAN and EvERMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVI, 1903, p. 
693 (mitsukurii). 


This genus includes sand lances with developed ventral fins, jugular 
1: position, with one spine and three soft rays. Dorsal rays about 40; 
b) o 2 ’ 


negeseaess iy 
SAAN a Cae 
a yy) a a tN ieas 

wa RS 

ee Baa 
y ee ay Hy PUA 


Fic. 1.—EMBOLICHTHYS MITSUKURII. 


anal rays 15. Scales very small, finely sculptured, about 115; body 
without dermal folds. Vomer unarmed. Lateral line along side of 
back; no ventral fold. One species known. ‘This genus differs from 
Bleckeria (kallolepis), an Indian genus, in the presence of ventral fins. 

(euPodos, key, iyOvs, fish, this species giving the clue to the aflinities 
of the group). 


1. EMBOLICHTHYS MITSUKURII (Jordan and Evermann). 


Bleekeria mitsukurti JORDAN and EvERMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIV, 1902, 
p. 333; Giran, Formosa. 
Embolichthys mitsukurii Jorpan, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 695; 
Giran. 
Habitat.—Kagoshima to Formosa. 
Head, 4.6 in length; depth, 8.5. Eye, 5.2 in head. Snout, 3.8. D. 
42, A. 15. Scales, 115. Mouth, large, the lower jaw-much arojen 


NO. 1464 SAND LANCES OF JAPAN—JORDAN. gags 


ing, the symphysis prominent; maxillary thin, reaching to opposite 
front of orbit; jaws with small teeth. Scales small, firm, well sculp- 
tured; lateral line running along side of back, two scales below dorsal, 
suddenly dropping to the median line on posterior part of caudal 
peduncle; anal short, ending under last ray of dorsal; caudal well 
forked; pectorals pointed, about half length of head; ventrals inserted 
in front of pectoral, about as long as eye; opercular bones very thin 
and papery. Color plain whitish. Length, 44 inches. 

Coasts of Formosa and southern Japan, the original types, two 
specimens, from Giran; a specimen taken at Kagoshima, Japan,- by 
Dr. Hugh M. Smith. 

(Named for Dr. Kakichi Mitsukuri. ) 


AMMODYTES (Artedi) Linneeus. 


Ammodytes (ArtEp1) Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., X, 1758, p. 247 (tobianus. ) 
Argyrotenia Git, Cat. Fish. North. Amer., 1861, p. 40 (vittatus. ) 


Body elongate, lanceolate, the skin with many tranverse folds run- 
ning obliquely downward and backward, the small cycloid scales mostly 
in oblique cross-series between them; lateral line concurrent with the 
back; a fold of skin on each side of the belly; jaws without teeth; vomer 
prominent, but unarmed. Vertebre about 62; dorsal rays about 60; 
anal rays about 30. Color silvery. Northern seas, swarming on sandy 
shores. Species very closely related, perhaps all relatively recent 
offshoots from a single one, for which the oldest name is Ammodytes 
tobianus Linneeus. 

(pos, sand; dvUt1s, diver.) 


2, AMMODYTES PERSONATUS Girard. 


Ammodytes personatus GIRARD, Proc.. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 137; Cape 
Flattery.—JorpAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 415; Alaska to Mon- 
terey.—JORDAN and EverMann, Fish N. M. Am., I, 1898, p. 833; Alaska to 
Monterey. 

Ammodytes tobianus Scumipt, Pisce. Mar. Oriente, 1904, p. 209; Terpienia, Mauka, 
Kustafia, St. Katerina, Sakhalin; perhaps the same as Ammodytes tobianus 
Linnzeus (Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 247), of the coasts of northern 
Europe, originally described from Sweden. 

?Ammodyles americanus De Kay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, p. 317; Strat- 
ford, Connecticut. 

?Ammodytes vittatus De Kay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, p. 318, pl. Lx, fig. 
197; New York. 

?Ammodytes alascanus Corr, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1873, p. 7; Sitka. 


Hlabitat.—Coasts of the northern Pacific, on both shores. South 
from Alaska and Siberia to the Inland Sea of Japan, and to Monterey 
Bay. 

Head, 4.5 in length; depth, 11; eye, 5 in head; snout, 3.5 in head; D. 
54; A. 30; laterabfolds, 1.53. 


718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Body, lanceolate; maxillary extending to front of orbit; gill rakers, 
17 below angle of arch; origin of dorsal over posterior third of pecto- 
rals; pectorals, 2.1 in head; longest dorsal ray about half depth of body; 
caudal, 2.1 in head. Color in spirits, brownish above, white below; a 
brownish spot on opercle above; fins pale. 

This description is taken from a specimen 4 inches long, from Ono- 
michi, on the Inland Sea. We have also specimens from Hakodate. 
The species is enormously abundant on sandy shores open to the sea in 
northern Japan. We can not separate the Japanese species from 
Ammodytes personatus of the coasts of California and northward, the 
only apparent difference being a number of anal rays rather higher in 
the Japanese species (30) than usual in the American (24). The Euro- 
pean species Ammodytes tobianus Linnzeus has but 120 to 130 lateral 


XS SiS aS eS SANNA pan : * 


SAARINEN TOE RR SN WSS 


Fic. 2.—AMMODYTES PERSONATUS (from Onomichi). 


folds, but is otherwise scarcely different. Ammodytes americanus of 
our Atlantic Coast is scarcely different from A. tobcanus, and Ammo- 
dytes alascanus of the Aleutian Islands (D. 62; A. 31; folds, 160 to 182) 
is doubtfully distinct from A. personatus. At present it seems safe to 
identify the Japanese species as Ammodytes personatus. 

(Personatus, masked.) . 


HY POPTYGHUS Steindachner. 
Hypoptychus StTEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., IX, 1880, p. 20. (dybowskii. ) 

Body lanceolate, formed as in Ammodytes, but scaleless and with- 
out oblique folds. Head pointed, the premaxillaries protractile, the 
chin prominent; upper jaw with small teeth; lower jaw toothless; 
vomer with a conical prominence. Gill openings very wide, the mem- 
branes fully united, but free from the isthmus; opercles thin, unarmed. 
Lateral line along middle of sides; no fold of skin on side of belly. 
Dorsal and anal similar, confined to the posterior part of the body, 
each of about 20 soft rays, the anterior rays highest; vent just before 
anal; pectorals rather long, symmetrical; ventrals wanting. Caudal 
forked. A low translucent fold of skin along middle line of belly from 
the base of pectorals to the vent. Branchiostegals, 4. Japan Sea. 
(v0, below; arvyn fold). 


3. HYPOPTYCHUS DYBOWSKII Steindachner. 


Hypoptychus dybowskii SreinDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., X, 1880, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 3; 
Bay of Strielok, Japan Sea (near Vladivostok ).—Scumrpt, Pisce. Mar. Orient., 
1904, p. 210; Bays of Patroke, Mauka, Aneva, and Corsakou; all near 
Vladivostok. 


—E 


No. 1464. SAND LANCES OF JAPAN—JORDAN. 719 


Habitat.—Japan Sea. 

Head, 4.4 to 4.5; depth, 8.2 to 8.7. D. 20, A. 20, Boo Byes o.) 
in head; snout, 3. Form of Ammodytes; first and last rays of dorsal 
and anal not divided. Silvery, sprinkled with dark specks. 

This species is known from specimens taken by Professor Dybowski 
in the bays of Majen, Sydyjen, Rasbojnik, and Abrek, near Vladivos- 
tok, as also from 22 specimens procured by Dr. Peter Schmidt in the 
same region. We have not seen it. 

(Named for Professor Dybowski. ) 


SUMMARY. 
Family AMMODYTID&. 
Subfamily BLEEKERIIN&. 
Embolichthys Jordan and Evermann. 
1. mitsukurii (Jordan and Evermann); Giran, Kagoshima. 
Subfamily AMMoDYTIN#. 
Ammodytes (Artedi) Linnzeus. 
2. personatus Girard; Tokyo, Onomichi, Hakodate. 
Subfamily HypoprycHIN&. 
Hypoptychus Steindachner. 


3. dybowskii Steindachner. 


- TINEID MOTHS FROM SOUTHERN TEXAS, WITH 
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 


By Aucust Buscx, 
Of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 


The present collection of Zineina, made by Mr. Herbert S. Barber, 
during June, 1904, in the vicinity of Brownsville, Texas, is of special 
interest on account of the locality, which is one of the few tropical 
regions in the United States. 

A large proportion of the species was found to be new to science, 
as would be expected from our present incomplete acquaintance with 
that fauna. 

The writer had anticipated another special interest, hoping to recog- 
nize among the material some of V. T. Chambers’s unknown or little- 
known Texan species, which were described from a near by, though 
not tropical, locality and a few of them have been rediscovered among 
this material. That not more of Chambers’s species were found 
in Mr. Barber’s collection is only natural, however, considering the 
relatively small number of species both in the present collection and 
that studied by Chambers. 

Altogether the collection consists of 45 species in 35 genera. Of 
these, 3 genera and 12 species are here defined for the first time. 

All of the material is in the collection of the U.S. National Museum. 


Family YPONEMEUTID. 
MIEZA SUBFERVENS Walker. 


Mieza subfervens W atxer, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5478. 


Two specimens. Lord Walsingham has pointed out“ that the genus 
Mieza Walker is synonymous with Hiibner’s Hustixis but that it 
should be used instead of that name to avoid confusion with Hustixa 
Hiibner. 


aEntom. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 261. 
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1465. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——46 721 


722 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. “vou. xxx. 


ATTEVA PUNCTELLA (Cramer and Stall). 
Atteva aurea Frrcx, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5481. 


Two specimens. This species, which is not found around Washing- 
ton City, occurred commonly near St. Louis, Missouri, during the 
summer and autumn of 1904, where I secured a large series at light. 

Recent studies of West Indian and South American material enable 
me to correct the following names used in Doctor Dyat’s list: 

Aurea Fitch is undoubtedly a synonym of the earlier name punctella 
Cramer and Stoll, and that species extends from the middle of North 
America through Central America and the West Indies down to Brazil 
and Argentina. Specimens from Trinidad, French Guiana, and Ven- 
ezuela in the U. S. National Museum are not distinguishable from the 
Missouri specimens. 

The name gemmata Grote has been wrongly used for the Florida 
species and belongs to the species, peculiar to Cuba, subsequently well 
described and figured by Zeller as fustuosa, which is characterized by 
the thin, wavy, white lines in the dominating dark, metallic, blue spots. 
Our very distinct brilliant, orange-red Florida species must be known 
under the name florzdana Neumogen. 


PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS (Curtis). 
Plutella maculipennis Curtis, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5508. 
Four specimens. | 
Family GELECHIID. 
PALTODORA SIMILIELLA (Chambers). 
Paltodora similiella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5548. 


Five specimens. These are the first specimens I have seen outside 
of Chambers’s and Zeller’s types and the few other authentic specimens 
considered in my Revision of American Gelechiidee.¢ 


SITOTROGA CEREALELLA (Olivier). 


Sitotroga cerealella OLtviER, Dyar, Cat N. Am. Lep., No. 5552. 


Two specimens. 
TELPHUSA ACACIELLA, new species. 


Antenne blackish with narrow silvery white annulations; labial palpi 
ochreous with a rosy tint, second joint barred with black, terminal 
joint with two black annulations, one near the base, the other just before 
the tip, which is light. Face and head ochreous, strongly mottled 
with. dark purple. Thorax dark purple. Forewing dark purple, 


@Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XV, 1903, p. 779. 


No. 1465. TEXAN TINEID MOTHS—BUSCK. 723 


ne a ec ee SS PO ee tae ty re EE 
slightly lighter toward apex and along dorsal edge; at basal third is a 
large oblique quadrangular yellowish white spot, reaching with one 
corner down over the fold; at apical third is a faint and ill-defined irreg- 
gular transverse whitish line between the darker basal and the lighter 
apical part of the wing. In some specimens the quadrangular costal 
spot is continued more or less distinctly across the wing, uniting with 
the light dorsal edge to a broad oblique fascia; in such specimens the 
color of the costal spot is tinted with red. In the apical part of the 
wing is a more or less pronounced black longitudinal central streak, 
vontinued out into the cilia at apex. Hindwings dark fuscous; cilia 
with a slight rosy tint. Abdomen dark fuscous; legs ochreous barred 
w.th black; tarsal joints black with yellowish tips. Described from 
inany specimens. 

Alar expanse.—13 mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas [E. A. Schwarz and H. 8. Barber]; 
Victoria, Texas [A. N. Caudell]; New Orleans, Louisiana [E. 8. G. 
Titus]. 

food plant.— Acacia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9765, U.S.N.M. 

This species has Jong been unnamed in the National Museum collec- 
tion in specimens bred from acacia by Mr. E. A. Schwarz; lately 1 
have received a large series bred by Mr. Titus from acacia in New 
Orleans. 

The larva is whitish with black head, thoracic shield and legs 
and with short black hairs; it feeds between the spun together leaflets, 
and makes its cocoon there for pupation. Mr. Titus’s specimens issued 
in October. 

The venation of this species approaches that of Gelechia, veins 3 
and 4 in hindwings are approximate, though separate, and veins 6 and 7 
are closely approximate at 


base instead of stalked, as is LS sae oe 

more general in the genus = r : So as Pe 

Telphusa. 
In coloration it resembles —— 

Telphusa lonaifasciella Z 

Clemens, which, however, has Cf 


a white head and is a more we = 
slender, long-winged species. NW 


AGNIPPE EVIPPEELLA, 
new species. 


Antenne black with nar- Fic. 1.—VENATION OF AGNIPPE EVIPPEELLA. 
row white annulations. La- 
bial palpi white, sprinkled with black scales, terminal joint with a black 
annulation at basevand another just before apex. Face silvery white. 
Vertex and thorax white mottled with black. Costal and apical part of 
/ 


724 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the forewings black, slightly sprinkled with white scales, especially the 
apical part; dorsal part below the fold white, slightly sprinkled with 
dark scales. The black part protrudes down into the white part with 
two triangular lobes. At apical third is an ill-defined white costal spot. 
Cilia white dusted with black. Hindwings dark fuscous. Abdomen 
fuscous above, silvery below. Legs white, barred with black; tarsi 
annulated with black. 

Expanse.—8 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9766, U.S.N.M. 

This is the only species belonging to this genus outside of Chambers’s 
two original species which is known to me. In coloration it suggests 
Chambers’s genus Huippe, or maybe still more Recurvaria dorsivit- 
tella Zeller, but it has the very characteristic venation of Agnippe, 
lacking vein 11 in the forewing. 


NUMATA, new genus. 


Labial palpi long, recurved, smooth; second joint slightly thickened, 
terminal joint shorter than second. Antenne rather thick, serrate 
toward the tip. Forewings narrow, elongate ovate, apex pointed; 11 
veins, vein 8 absent, 6 and 7 stalked, the one to costa the other to 
termen, 4 and 5 stalked, 1’ furcate at base. Hindwing’s narrower than 
forewings, 7 veins, vein 6 absent and transverse vein between 5 and 7, 
obsolete; veins 2, 3, 4, and 5 separate. 

The genus is a curious development from the Avistotelia group. 

Type of genus.— Numata 
bipunctella Busck. 


NUMATA BIPUNCTELLA, 
new species. 


Antenne yellowish fus- 
cous. Labial palpi straw 
yellow, second joint black- 
ish on the exterior side. 
Face, head, and thorax light 
straw-yellow. Forewings 
whitish straw-yellow, slightly darker toward apex, sparsely sprinkled 
with dark brown atoms and with two conspicuous black dots, one on 
the middle of the cell and the other at the end of the cell. 

Abdomen and legs whitish, tarsal joints smoky. 

Alar expanse.—Male, 9 mm.; female, 11 mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas, June (Barber coll.). 

Type.—Cat. No. 9767, U.S.N.M. 


ARISTOTELIA ELEGANTELLA (Chambers). 


FIG, 2.—VENATION OF NUMATA BIPUNCTELLA. 


Aristotelia elegantella CHAMBERS, Dyar Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5582. 
Two specimens. 


No. 1465. TEXAN TINEID MOTHS—BUSCK. 125 


ARISTOTELIA RUBIDELLA (Clemens). 
Aristotelia rubidella CLemens, Dyar Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5578. 


Five specimens. 
EVIPPE POLLOSTELLA, new species. 


Antenne light fuscous with narrow black annulations. Labial palpi 
silvery white, second joint with five black bars on the exterior side, 
terminal joint with tip and an annulation around the middle black. 
Face and head iridescent white, some- 
what sprinkled with dark fuscous 
scales. Thorax ochreous fuscous. 
Forewings with ochreous white 
ground color heavily overlaid with 
dark fuscous seales, which in some 
places aggregate into blackish spots 
irregularly sprinkled over the wing. 
Cilia ochreous. Hindwings dark fuscous with ochreous cilia. Abdo- 
men blackish, each joint tipped with silvery scales. Legs ochreous 
white, silvery; tarsi with black annulations. 

Alar expanse.—5.5-6 mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas (Barber). 

Type.—Cat. No. 9768, U.S.N.M. 

This is the minutest Gelechiid I have met with and by its size alone 
easily separated from any described American species. Due to this 
extreme small size veins 4 and 5 in the forewings, which in the other 
species of the genus are connate or stalked, are in this species united 
altogether making the wing thus have only 11 veins. All the other 
points of generic value agree closely with the other species, and I have 
no hesitation about referring it to the present genus, the venation of 
which should therefore be corrected to: Veins 4and 5 connate, stalked 
or united. 


re 


FIG. 3.—VENATION OF EyIPPE POLLOSTELLA 


RECURVARIA ELACHISTELLA, new species. 


Antenne ochreous, with narrow black annulations. Labial palpi 
whitish ochreous, second joint somewhat mottled with black exte- 


riorly, terminal joint with a black annulation around the middle and 


one just before the tip. Face silvery white. Head and thorax ochre- 
ous. Forewings light silvery ochreous, somewhat darker along the 
costal edge and toward apex. There are six small dots of blackish 
raised scales in two longitudinal rows, the upper through the middle 
of the wing, the under on the fold. Hindwings light fuscous, cilia 
ochreous. Abdomen light ochreous. Legs whitish ochreous, hind 
tibie mottled with black exteriorly; tarsi unmarked. 
Alar expanse.—T-8 mm. 


726 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas (Barber). 
Type.—Cat. No. 9769, U.S.N.M. 
Rivaled in small size among American G@elechiid only by Huippe 
pollustelia, described above and by Phthorimea minor. 
The forewings have the thickened costal membrane between and 
around veins 9-11, found in 
several of the species of this 
genus strongly developed. 
Vein 2, which is normally very 
short in the genus, is on ac- 
count of the small size obso- 
lete in this species. 
Hindwings of the male with 
a tuft of long hairs at the base 
of costa and another heavier 
Fic. 4.—VENATION OF RECURVARIA ELACHISTELLA, pencil from the upper side of 
the dorsal base; between these 
is yet another small but dense pencil of yellow hairs curiously twisted 
into the shape of a question mark. 


EPITHECTIS SUBSIMELLA (Clemens). 
Epithectis subsimella CLemENs, Dyar. Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5611. 


Two specimens. 


PHTHORIMAA OPERCULELLA (Zeller). 
Phthorimxa operculella ZELLER, Dyar. Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5616. 


Five specimens. 


PHTHORIM AA MINOR, new species. 


Antenne ochreous fuscous, with narrow black annulations. Labial 
palpi light ochreous, second joint with a black spot on the exterior 
side, terminal joint with two black annulations. Face ochreous white, 
irridescent. Head and thorax ochreous. Forewings light ochreous 
evenly overlaid with dark brown scales and with thin indistinct ochre- 
ous longitudinal streaks. Hindwings dark fuscous, cilia ochreous. 
Legs ochreous, barred with black on the exterior side; tarsi black with 
tip of each joint ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—T mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas. (Barber.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 9770, U.S.N.M. 

This species looks like a diminutive Phthorimea operculella, having 
very nearly the same color and ornamentation, but it is only half the 
size of the smallest specimen of operculella. 


bo 
Son | 


No, 1460. TEXAN TINEID MOTHS—BUSCK. thes 


POLYHYMNO SEXSTRIGELLA Chambers. 
Polyhymno sexstrigella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5649. 
Six specimens. These are the first specimens of this elegant species, 
which have come to the National Museum collection since the unique 
specimen there, named by Lord Walsingham. 


UNTOMIA, new genus. 


Labial palpi long, recurved; second joint somewhat thickened with 
smoothly appressed scales cut off sharply at the end of the joint; ter- 
minal joint smooth, pointed, longer than second joint. Antenne sim- 
ple, rather thick; forewings elongate ovate, obtusely pointed, with 11 
veins, vein 8 lacking; 7 to costa 6 separate, veins 3 and 4 stalked, 1? 
furcate at base. Hindwings as wide as forewing, broadest at tornus, 
apex produced, pointed; termen sharply emarginated below apex; 8 
veins, 3 and 4 connate from corner of cell, 5 curved upward from the 
same point, 6 and 7 connate, 7 to apex, 2 distant from 3 and 4 and the 
transverse vein between 5 and 7 obsolete. 

The genus isa development from (relechia on the lines of Aproaerema, 
from which it differs mainly in the more specialized venation, the 
absence of vein 8 and the stalking of veins 3 and 4 in the forewing and 
the open cell in the hindwing. 

Type of genus.— Untomia untomiella. 


UNTOMIA UNTOMIELLA, new species. 


Labial palpi on the exterior side blackish brown, second joint with 
apex white, inner side light fuscous. Antenne dark fuscous. Face 
whitish, head and thorax pur- 
plish fuscous. Forewings 
dark fuscous, irregularly and 
sparsely sprinkled with ochre- 
ous and blackish scales; on the 
middle of the cell is a longitu- 
dinal black dot, at the end of 
the cell is another more promi- 
nent black dot. At the begin- 
ning of the dorsal cilia is an 
outwardly directed oblique narrow white streak, nearly parallel with 
the edge of the wing and reaching nearly to apex where it is met by a 
similar costal white streak; both of these are often more or less incom- 
plete and faint and the small size of the insect makes the ornamentation 
obscure. The insect looks like a diminutive Aproaerema concinnusella 
Chambers. 

Alar expanse.—8—9 mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas. (Barber) June. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9771, U.S.N.M. 

Described from a very large series, collected at light. 


Fic. 5.—VENATION OF UNTOMIA UNTOMIELLA. 


728 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXX. 


GELECHIA LINDENELLA Busck. 


Gelechia lindenella Buscx, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5784. 

Eight specimens; the first received at the National Museum since 
the species was described. The locality is given in Dyar’s list as Colo- 
rado, but should be 7exas, whence the types came. Additional locali- 
ties are given in my paper in 1903. ¢ 


GELECHIA OBSCUROSUFFUSELLA Chambers. 


Gelechia obscurosuffusella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5772. 

Two specimens. ‘These are the first specimens of this species I have 
met with outside of Chambers’ types in U. 8. National Museum and 
in Prof. C. H. Fernald’s collection; both of these are in very poor 
condition. 

Fresh specimens enable me to add the following to Chambers’ 
description: Extreme base of costa is black, and there is a very indis- 
tinct ocellate spot at the end of the cell, black, with white edging. 


GLYPHIDOCERA ASQUEPULVELLA (Chambers). 


Glyphidocera xquepulvella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5674. 

Four specimens, which are slightly darker in color than Chambers’ 
types, and which may ulcimately prove a different species, are at 
present most profitably determined as this species. Chambers re- 
marks’ that there is some variation in his specimens, and¢ that he may 
have two species confused under this name. Additional material of 
these rather obscurely marked forms is necessary to straighten this 
out finally. 
Family OECOPHORID. 
ETHMIA SEMIOMBRA Dyar. 


Ethmia semiombra Dyar, Dyar Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., X, 1903, p. 206. 
One specimen. The type of the species came from this same locality. 


TAMARRHA, Walker. 


Tamarrha WALKER Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus., X XIX 1864, p. 816. 

This genus was erected for two West Indian species, gelédella 
Walker and nzveosella Walker; no tangible generic characters were 
given by Walker. In 1891 Lord Walsingham” made the genus syn- 
onymous with Psecadia (Ethmia), including both species under that 
genus; but in 1897 he* resurrected the genus in these words: 


In my previous paper I sunk the genus Tamarrha Walker as a synonym of Psecadia 
Hubner. In this I was guided by the neuration of Tamarrha gelidella Walker, which 
is a true Psecadia. At the time I had seen only the type of Walker’s other species, 


«Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, 1903, p. 876. 4 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 527. 
6 Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 231. ¢Idem., p. 114. 
¢ Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, p. 125. 


No. 1465, TEXAN TINEID MOTHS—BUSCK. 729 


nivosella, which is a female. The male of this species, however, shows a strong costal 
tuft of diverging hairs near the base of the hind wings, which separates it at once from 
Psecadia. It possesses veins 7 and 8 of the forewing from a common stem, a character 
which also somewhat misled me as to its affinities; the length of the cell, however, and 
the general character of the neuration, together with the roughened head, seem to indi- 
cate an alliance with the Hyponementide rather than with the Oecophoridx. Iwould 
therefor revive the generic name Tamarrha Walker, retaining nievosella as the type. 

The writer has only lately, during studies of the West-Indian Micro- 
lepidoptera, met with Walker’s two species, and has thus become 
acquainted with their true generic characters, which could not be 
divined from either Walker’s descriptions or Lord Walsingham’s 
remarks; the synonomy of his genus Labaiara” was at once evident. 

I am unable to agree with Lord Walsingham that Walker’s first 
species, gelidella is a true Psecadia; it is congeneric with niveosella, 
and is evidently the species which Zeller subsequently described as 
Psecadia exornatella.” 

Lord Walsingham placed the genus Zamarrha in the family Ypone- 
meutide, but I fail to find any near relation in that family, or any jus- 
tification for that position. The stalked veins 7 and 8 in the fore- 
wings, both terminating in the costal edge, the hairy posterior tibia, 
the obsolete maxillary palpi, the connate veins 3 and 4 in the hind- 
wings, and the general habitus of the species seem to place the genus 
in the family Oecophoride, in spite of the connecting vein between 
veins 7 and 8 in the hindwings equally heterogeneal in both families, 
and the consequent partial obliteration of the basal part of vein 7, 
which remains as pointed out in my original description the salient 
distinctive character of the genus. 

On the other hand, the close resemblance to the genus Hthmia 
(Psecadia), which caused such careful workers as Zeller, Méschler, 
and Fernald to describe the species as members of that genus, seems 
to me only superficial and not indicative of close relationship 

The tufted head which Zellar mentioned as a unique character of 
the male of nveosella is not, as supposed. by Lord Walsingham, a 
family character, equivalent to the tufted head of the Zineidx. The 
head is probably normally smooth in both sexes, but the species seems 
to have the remarkable ability of raising the scales on the vertex and 
even on the face. Ina large series of perfect specimens of Zamarrha 
niveosella before me this character is not confined to the males, and 
some of the specimens of both sexes exhibit as typically tufted a head 
asany 7%nea, while others have the scales of the head perfectly smoothly 
appressed; in some specimens the face is smooth and the vertex only 
tufted, and in two specimens the one side of the head and face is tufted, 
the other side smooth, proving that it is a changeable character, prob- 
ably in control of the individual and subject to the mental condition 
of the insect. 


a Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., X, 1902, p. 95. bF lore Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII, 1877, p. 238. 


730 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


TAMARRHA BITTENELLA, new species. 


Antenne dark brown with white bases. Labial palpi white, second 
joint mottled with black. Face and head white. Thorax white with 
four bluish black dots. Patagina white. Forewings shining white 
with dark brown markings, which, in certain lights, appear bright 
metallic bluish black. Entire costal edge dark brown; a black dot on 
the fold near base; an oblique 
oblong dot below the fold 
followed by a round one, 
which is in turn followed by 
a larger oblong spot on and 
parallel with the dorsal edge. 
On the cell is a round black 
dot, at the end of the cell is 
a similar one, and in the api- 
cal part of the wing are sey- 
eral less regular black spots; 
around apical edgeisa row of 
black dots, more or less confluent. Cilia white, with base of apical part 
golden yellow. Hindwings light silvery fuscous; at the base of the 
costa in the males is a thin tuft of long yellow hairs. Abdomen above 
dark golden fuscous, below silvery, each joint tipped with golden 
yellow. Anterior side of all cox golden yellow, legs otherwise white 
with black markings on the exterior side; tarsi black, each joint tipped 
with white. a 

Alar vepanse.—18-12 mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas (Barber), June. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9772, U.S.N.M. 

Described from a good series collected at light and by sweeping. 

The species is quite similar in general appearance and color scheme 
to T. delliella Fernald, but is smaller and readily distinguished by the 
dark costa and the lack of transverse lines. 

The characteristic venation is identical with that of the type. 

There is some slight variation in the disposition of the dark mark- 
ing in the different specimens. The figure represents one common 
form. 


Fic. 6.—WINGS OF TAMARRHA BITTENELLA. 


BORKHAUSENIA DETERMINATELLA (Zeller). 


Oecophora determinatella ZELLER, Dyar Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 5924. 
Two specimens. 


Family ELACHISTID. 


SCYTHRIS IMPOSITELLA (Zeller). 


Scythris impositella ZELLER, Dyar Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6110. 
Three specimens. 


NO. 1465. TEXAN TINEID MOTHS—BUSCK. 731 


MOMPHA ELOISELLA (Clemens). 


Mompha eloisella CLEMENS, Dyar Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6157. 
Two specimens. 


MOMPHA PUNCTIFERELLA, new species. 


Antenne dark fuscous with indistinct lighter annulations. Labial 
palpi with both joints thickened with smoothly appressed scales, sharply 
cut off at apex; apical tip of terminal joint protruding above the scales, 
pointed; dark fuscous, irrorated 
with white transverse wavy lines. 
Face, head, and thorax dark 
gray. Forewings narrow lance- 
olate, dark silvery gray, evenly 
speckled with numerous minute 
tufts of black scales; on the fold 
is one larger black tuft of scales. Hindwings dark fuscous, cilia ochre- 
ous fuscous. Abdomen dark silvery fuscous above, underside white. 
Legs blackish fuscous, each tarsal joint tipped with ochreous white. 

Alar expanse.—10-11 mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9773, U.S.N.M. 

Described from four specimens. In palpal characters and general 
habitus this species reminds one of Apermenia, but it has no dorsal 
scale tufts on the forewings, and the venation is typical of the present 
genus. 


eH 


Fic. 7.—VENATION OF MOMPHA PUNCTIFERELLA. 


Family TINEID. 
OPOSTEGA QUADRISTRIGELLA Chambers. 
Opostega quadristrigella CuamBErs, Dyar Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6231.—Busck, 
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., V, 1903, p. 208. 
One specimen. 


BUCCULATRIX NIVEELLA Chambers. 


Bucculatrix niveella CuampBers, Dyar Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6244. 
Two specimens; the species is new to the U. 5. National Museum 
collection. 


GRACILARIA [DIALECTICA] GUNNIELLA, new species: 


Antenne dark purplish brown. Labial palpi silvery white, apex 
of terminal joint somewhat dusky. Maxilary palpi silvery white. A 
central longitudinal streak of face, head, and thorax yellowish white; 
sides of head ochreous; patagina dark purplish brown. Forewings 
purplish brown; between the middle of the costa and the apical third 
is an oblique yellowish-white costal streak, pointed toward apex and 
edged with black scales. Slightly outside the apical third is a narrow, 


732 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


outwardly curved fascia of metallic steel blue and purple scales; touch- 
ing this fascia is a small white costal spot extended out into the cilia, 
and between it and the apex is still another white spot in the costal 
cilia. The entire dorsal edge from base to the metallic fascia is yel- 
lowish white; at apex is a prominent elliptical black spot, and around 
the apical edge of the wing is a deep black narrow line before the 
light brown cilia. Hindwings dark fuscous. Abdomen yellowish 
fuscous; legs yellow, barred indistinctly with black on the exterior 
side. Posterior tibiz pectinated throughout. 

Alar expanse.—9-10 mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Tex. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9774 U.S.N.M. 

The species is nearest, though not very close, to Gracilaria (Dialec- 
tica) venustella, Clemens. 


CORISCIUM TEXANELLA, new species. 


Antenne ochreous with a bluish luster. Brush on second joint of 
labial palpi bluish black; terminal joint ochreous with a black spot on 
the exterior side. Maxillary palpi ochreous gray. Head and thorax 
dark gray, face a shade lighter. Forewings dark gray with a purplish 
luster and with short irregular longitudinal black streaks; apical part 
of costal edge and apex deep black with two narrow indistinct silvery 
white oblique costal streaks pointed toward apex and with one some- 
what more prominent slightly inwardly curved white fascia just before 
the tip of the wing. Hindwing's dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, 
anal segment silvery ochreous. Legs purplish black, anterior legs 
slightly thickened and with ochreous tarsi; posterior legs with smooth 
tibiz and with each tarsal joint tipped with ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—14 mm. 

[Tabitat.—Brownsville, Texas. 

Type.—No. 9775, U.S.N.M. 

Quite unlike any of our described species of this genus. 


EUPRORA, new genus. 


Face and head tufted. Antenne #, basal joint with large pointed 
flap of scales. Second joint of labial palpi with long spreading hairs 
above and below; terminal joint shorter than second, obtuse. Maxil- 
lary palpi rather long, folded. Forewings narrow, elongate, pointed 
four times as long as wide; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked to costa. Hind- 
wings slightly narrower than forewings, elongate ovate; 8 veins; 2, 3, 
and 4 separate; 5 and 6 connate; 7 parallel with 6. Posterior tibiz 
long haired above. 

Type of genus.—Euprora argentiliniella. 


No. 1465. TEXAN TINEID MOTHS—BUSCK. 733 


EUPRORA ARGENTILINIELLA, new species. 


Antenne olive brown, with two longitudinal silvery white lines 
through the entire length from base to tip; tuft on first antennal joint 
white, very sparsely sprinkled with single ochreous scales. Face and 
head pure white; labial palpi white, tuft on second joint slightly 
sprinkled with ochreous on the exterior side. The palpal and antennal 
tufts together form a very striking white cross when viewed from the 
front. Thorax golden ochreous; patagina edged with white. Fore- 
wings golden ochreous with silvery white markings; costal edge white; 
from base of wing run two short longitudinal. white 
lines, one in the middle of the wing, ending in the cell; 
the other below the fold, reaching the dorsal edge at 
basal third. A slender white outwardly directed spur te 
from the costal edge at basal fourth ends in the middle Fic. s—Heap or 
of the cell; another heavier white line from the mid- ie ibd Sk 
dle of costa curves outward and downward, following 
the edge of the cell, and joins an opposite congruent white line from 
the dorsal edge. Just before apex is a small white costal spot and two 
apical veins (6 and 4) are indicated by silvery white lines. All of these 
white markings are thinly edged by sparse black scales, and the entire 
apical part of the wing is sparsely sprinkled with single black scales. 
Cilia ochreous sprinkled with black. Hindwings shining, dark ochre- 
ous fuscous. Abdomen ochreous. Legs silvery ochreous. 

Alar expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas. 

Type.—Cat. No. 9776, U.S.N.M. 

A striking insect, described froma unique male, easily distinguished 
by the white head ornamentation. The position of the insect at rest 
will surely be found to display this character prominently in bold imi- 
tation of some of its natural surroundings. 


AMYDRIA MARJORIELLA Dietz. 


Amydria marjoriella Dierz, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX XI, p. 11, pl. m1, fig. 5. 

Twenty-five specimens. 

The erection by Doctor Dietz“ of a new subfamily for this and 
allied genera is hardly warranted. From his own synoptic table it is 
plain that not one single character given, nor any combination of his 
characters can be maintained in the separation from his other sub- 
family Zineine. In spite of Doctor Dietz’s claim that the two ‘tare 
distinct and sharply defined” by ‘‘the apparently heretofore over- 
looked” character the more or less distinct fureation of ‘*‘ vein 1/ in the 
hindwings,” he himself admits that this furcation occurs in Paracle- 


@Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX XI, 1905, p. 2. 


734 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xxx, 


mensia Busck [Brackenridgia], which he includes in his subfamily 
without furcation, and I find this furcation also in other genera | Greya 
Buseck, Cyane Chambers] placed by Doctor Dietz in that division. 


XYLESTHIA PRUNIRAMIELLA Clemens. 


Xylestia pruniramiella CLEMENS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep. No. 6476. 
One specimen. : 


SETOMORPHA OPEROSELLA Zeller. 


Setomorpha operosella Zener, Verh. k. k. z00. bot. Gesell. Wien, XXIII, 1873, 
p. 223.—CHamsBers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, -p. 162.—Dyar, Cat. 
N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6549. 

Setomorpha inamoenella ZELLER, Verh. k. k., zoo. bot. Gesell. Wien, XXIII, 
1873, p. 224.—CHampeErs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 162.—Dyar, 
Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6550. 

Setomorpha ruderella Zeuuer, Verh. k. k. zoo. bot. Gesell. Wien, XXIII,: 1878, 


p. 225.—CuamBers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 162.—Dvyar, Cat. 
N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 6551. 

Gelechia multimaculella CuamBers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 89.— 
Haaren, Papilio, IV, 1884, p. 99.—Rixxy, Smith, List Lep. Bor. Am. 1891, 
No. 5414. 

Plutella (?) multimaculella Buscx, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe., X, 1902, p. 97.—Dyar, 
Cat. N. Am. Lep., 1903, No. 5509. 

Semiota operosella Dirrz, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phil., XX XI, 1905, p. 18. 

Semiota inamoenella Dierz, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. Phil., XX XT, 1905, p. 19. 


As pointed out by Snellen,” the two sexes of Zeller’s genus Seto- 
morpha have different venation, the males lacking vein 4 in both 
as anterior and posterior wings, 
while the females possess this 
vein in both wings. 
Though I called Doctor Dietz’s 
attention to this fact, he has in 
his recent paper? separated the 
two sexes generically and erected 
anew genus Sem/ota on the male 
characters; and though he has 
FIG. 9.—VENATION OF SETOMORPHA OPEROSELLA, @Xumined Zeller’s type of Opero- 
hak sella, which is, as he says, a fe- 
male, he did not make out its different venation and included it in his 
new genus. This genus Semdota Dietz with inamoenclla as type must 
consequently fall. 
Zeller says,’ ‘* die beiden Geschlechter auch der americanischen Arten 
in Grésse sehr verschieden zu sein scheinen,” but nevertheless he makes 
one species for the male and another for the female. Zeller evidently 


“Tidsch. voor Entom., 1884, p. 25. 
6 Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. Phil; °X XX0 7p: 18: 
¢ Verh. k. k. zool., bot. Gesell., Wien., XXIII, 1878, Pp. 223: 


No. 1465. TEXAN TINEID MOTHS—BUSCK. 735 


did this on second thought and after first having considered them conspe- 
cific; this is plain from his remark above quoted, taken in connection 
with the fact that he had only a unique of each of the species before him. 
I must admit that, as long as I Latetes 

knew the species from Zeller’s 

types only, I supposed there were ees —— 
two species on account of the con- a 
siderable difference in size of the. Son 
two sexes, which is quite uncom- 
mon in the Tineinew; but now, — = tee 
with ample material before me, ee Se, 
of which all the large specimens a 
(operosella) are females and all 
the small specimens (¢namoenella) 
are males, it is easy to draw the 
conclusion concerning the synonymy. The two names apply to the 
two sexes of the same species. 

Chambers’s type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, 
of Gelechia multimaculella is a male of this same species. 

While on the subject of Doctor Dietz’s paper on this group I may 
point out that some of his generic names are preoccupied, and I propose 
the following names to take their place: 

Hypoplesia instead of Paraplesia Dietz, not Felder; type: buschiella 
Dietz. 

Mea instead of Progona Dietz, not Berg; type: shinnerella Dietz. 

Dietzia instead of Abacobia Dietz, not Abacobius Lacordaire; type: 
carbonella Dietz. 


TINEA NIVEOCAPITELLA Chambers. 


Fic. 10.—VENATION OF SETOMORPHA OPEROSELLA, 
FEMALE. 


Tinea niveocapitella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6516.—Drerz, Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., XX XI, 1905, p. 55. 
One specimen. No authentic specimen of this species is extant, but 
I identify with but little hesitancy the present specimen from Cham- 
bers’ description, with which it fully agrees. Chambers’ type came 
from California, but the different locality is hardly of sufficient impor- 
tance in this genus to make the determination hazardous. 


TINEA CROCEOVERTICELLA Chambers. 


Tinea croceoverticella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6500.—Dierz, Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., XX XI, 1905, p. 54. 

One specimen. This is somewhat larger than Chambers’s measure, 
but, considering the variability in size commonly found in this genus, 
I have no hesitation about referring it to this species. 

Doctor Dietz has in his index by mistake made a synonym by reter- 
ring to this species as croceocapitella. 


736 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


TINEA FUSCOPULVELLA Chambers. 


Tinea fuscopulvella CHAMBERS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6505.—Drerz, Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., XX XI, 1905, p. 70. 


One specimen; the species is new to the U.S. National Museum 


collection. 
EULEPISTE CRESSONI Walsingham. 


Eulepiste cressoni W ALSINGHAM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6579. 
One specimen. 
EULEPISTE MACULIFER Walsingham. 
Eulepiste maculifer WALSINGHAM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6579. 


One specimen; this is the first time this species has been received by 
the U. S. National Museum since Lord Walsingham’s original type 
specimen. 

ACROLOPHUS CERVINUS Walsingham. 


Acrolophus cervinus, WALSINGHAM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6585. 
Two specimens. 
ACROLOPHUS CONFUSELLA Dyar. 
Two specimens. 
ACROLOPHUS HULSTELLUS Beutenmiiller. 
Acrolophus hulstellus BEUTENMULLER, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6587. 
Several specimens. 
ANAPHORA POPEANELLA Clemens. 
Anaphora popeanella CLEMENS, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6594. 
Two specimens. 
HYPOCLOPUS GRISEUS Walsingham. 
Hypoclopus griseus WALSINGHAM, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No. 6582. 
Four specimens. 
HYPOCLOPUS MORTIPENNELLA (Grote). 
Hypoclopus mortipennella Grorn, Dyar, Cat. N. Am. Lep., No, 6583, 


Several specimens. 


NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS. 


By Gerrit S. MitxeEr, Jr., 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals. 


The U. S. National Museum contains 62 Malayan pigs (51 skins and 
62 skulls) presented by Dr. W. L. Abbott. This collection, especially 
rich in local species of the Sus v/ttatus group, was made in the region 
extending from the Natuna Islands on the east to the Nicobar and 
Andaman Islands on the west, and from Tenasserim and the Mergui 
Archipelago on the north to Engano on the south. Four particularly 
interesting specimens from Johore have also been contributed by Mr. 
C. B. Kloss. Although this material has been gradually accumulating 
for nearly ten years, I have been able to publish very little concern- 
ing it, owing to lack of information with regard to the exact status of 
some of the earlier-described Malayan species. During a recent visit 
to Europe I was enabled, through the courtesy of the directors of the 
various institutions, to examine the collections of pigs in the Natural 
History Museum in Berne, the Natural History Museum and Agricul- 
tural High School in Berlin, the Natural History Museum in Leyden, 
and the British Museum in London. Observations on all of this 
material form the subject of these notes. 


Cee ews sb ARDALUS GROUP. 


Much confusion has existed with regard to the members of the Svs 
barbatus group occurring in Borneo and Sumatra, some authors sup- 
posing that there are three species, others that there is only one. 
This is the result not so much of the lack of specimens as of the 
circumstance that each writer has worked separately and without con- 
sulting the material studied by others. The series that I have exam- 
ined show that the two islands are inhabited by at least three species, 
but that the status of these forms has hitherto been very imperfectly 
understood. 

The first member of the group to be made known, the Bornean Sus 
barbatus, was briefly described in 1839¢ by Miller, who subsequently” 


@Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie, V, p. 149. 
6Verhandel. over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederl. overzeesche Bezittin- 
gen, Zoologie, p. 179, pls. xxx and xxx1. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—NoO. 1466. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——47 73% 


738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


published a more detailed account of the animal with figures of the 
skull and of an adult female. Certain peculiarities, probably arti- 
ficial, of the type specimen were the source of much confusion in the 
later literature. In 1868“ Gray made this species the type of a new 
subgenus, Husus, aname which he afterward? changed to Huhys, even- 
tually’ raising the group to generic rank. Nothing more of special 
importance was published until 1885, when Nehring recognized two 
species among specimens from southern Borneo, a ** gigantic” animal 
which he considered the same as Miiller’s Sus barbatus, and an animal 
of less extraordinary size to which he applied the new name Sus longi- 
rostris.% The distinctness of the two species he also clearly showed 
in several later papers.’ In 1894a third generic name, RAcnosus, was 
applied to the group.’ Although not dealing specially with the Bor- 
nean and Sumatran species, Dr. Forsyth Major’s paper ‘‘On Sus ver- 
rucosus Mill. & Schleg., and Allies, from the Eastern Archipelago” 
contains some important data bearing on the distinctness of the two 
Bornean forms. In 1902 I described a Sumatran representative of 
Sus barbatus, the local form of Nehring’s smaller animal, as Sus o7.” 
This well-characterized species, together with Nehring’s even more 
conspicuously differentiated Bornean form, were subsequently regarded 
as identical with Sus barbatus by Volz, in a very elaborate paper on 
Sumatran pigs.‘ More recently, however, Dr. F. A. Jentink/’ has 
recognized the distinctness of the three animals, and has pointed out 
that much of the confusion has arisen from the fact that Nehring 
wrongly identified as Sus barbatus his larger animal. Doctor Jentink 
suggests that this skull is that of ‘‘an unknown very large Borneo 
pig,” a conclusion at which I had arrived on seeing the specimen 
nearly a year before. 

The members of this group are large animals, full-grown males 
weighing 110 kg. or more; the body is high and very narrow, 
scantily haired in the adult, the head greatly elongated, the cheeks 
heavily bearded; about midway between eye and nostril there is on 
each side of the muzzle a warty outgrowth covered with stiff antrorse 
bristles, large and conspicuous in males, less noticeable in females, 
though never absent, even in the very young. Skull with rostral 


“Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 32. 

Catal. Carniy. Pachyderm. and Edentate Mamm., Brit. Mus., 1869, p. 339. 

¢ Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.5 4th ser., XI, p. 485, June, 1873. 

Zool. Anzeiger, VIII, p. 347, June 15, 1885. 

eSitz.-Ber. Gesellsch. naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1886, pp. 80-85; Abhandl. 
u. Ber. zool. anthrop.-ethnogr. Mus., Dresden, 1888-1889, pp. 1-34; Sitz.-Ber. Ge- 
sellsch. naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1889, p. 196. 

J Heude, Mém. concernant |’ Hist. Nat. de Emp. Chinois, II, p. 218 (footnote). 

g Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XIX, pp. 521-542, May, 1897. 

Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XV, p. 51, March 5, 1902. : 

‘Zool. Jahrbicher, Abth. Syst., XX, pp. 509-540, pl. xvii, July 16, 1904. 

J Notes from the Leyden Museum, X XVI, pp. 155-171, October 16, 1905. 


No. 1466. NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. 739 


portion so long that the distance from middle of interorbital space 
to tip of nasals is considerably more than twice that from inter- 
orbital space to occipital crest; parietal region narrowing to a ridge in 
fully adult individuals; interpterygoid space not extending forward 
between palatines; mandibular tusk of male with outer face nearly as 
wide as inner and about one and one-half times as wide as posterior 
face. 

While these characters appear to circumscribe the group very 
definitely, at least so far as the Bornean and Sumatran species are 
concerned, their taxonomic importance, as well as the question whether 
Husus should be recognized either as a subgenus or genus, can be 
properly discussed only in connection with a general revision of the 
Malayan pigs. The members of the barbatus group are confined, so 
far as is now known, to the islands of the Malay Archipelago. The 
range of one species, however, extends to Batam Island, close to 
the southern extremity of the Malay Peninsula. The three known 
Bornean and Sumatran forms may be distinguished as follows: 


KEY TO THE BORNEAN AND SUMATRAN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SUS BARBATUS GROUP. 


Upper length of skull in adult male 570 mm. (probably often more); occiput pro- 
duced conspicuously behind foramen magnum ...--...----- Sus gargantua, p. 748. 
Upper length of skull in adult male 460-510 mm.; occiput scarcely produced behind 
foramen magnum. 
Third lower molar with three cross ridges and a terminal heel. . Sus barbatus, p. 739. 
Third lower molar with two cross ridges and a terminal heel_.___- Sus oi, p.-741. 


SUS BARBATUS Muller. 
Plates XX XIX, XLII, XLV, XLVIII, XLIX, and LI. 


1839. Sus barbatus Mtuurr, Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physi- 
ologie, V, p. 149. 

1839-44. Sus barbatus Mtuuer and ScHieceL, Verhandel. over de Natuurlijke 
Geschiedenis der Nederl. oyerzeesche Bezittingen, zoologie, p. 179, pls. xxx, 
OO 

1885. Sus longirostris Neurine, Zool. Anzeiger, VIII, p. 347, June 15, 1885. 

1888. Sus longirostris Neurinc, Abhandl. u. Berichte des kgl. zool. u. anthrop.- 
ethnogr. Mus. zu Dresden, 1888-1889, p. 18, figs. 13 and 14. 

1902. Sus longirostris Miter, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XV, p. 51, March 5, 
1902. 

1904. Sus barbatus Vouz, Zool. Jahrbticher, Abth. Syst., XX, p. 518, July 16, 
1904 (part). 

1905. Sus barbatus Jentink, Notes from the Leyden Museum, XXVI, p. 161, 
pls. um, v, October 16, 1905. 


Type locality.—Banjermassing, southern Borneo. 

Geographic distribution.— Borneo; Java?“ 

Characters.—Upper length of skull of adult male, 440-490 mm.; 
occipital region bent upward so that lower edge of condyle is consid- 


4@Doctor Volz has shown (Zool. Jahrb. Abth. Syst., XX, pp. 535-536) that the 
occurrence of this animal in Java is doubtful. 


740 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


erably above level of alveolar line, and posterior overhang of occiput 
is only about one-fourth occipital height through condyle (see fig. 1); 
ratios to basal length: of profile length, about 117; of height of skull 
when resting on mandibles, about 60; posterior molar both above and 
below long, the upper tooth containing a compressed anterior median 
ridge, a middle median ridge, and a Jarge terminal median heel in 
addition to two well-developed bicusped cross ridges, the lower tooth 
containing three large bicusped cross ridges and three smaller median. 
ridges, the last of which forms the terminal heel (Plate XLIX, fig. 1.) 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.—Twenty-seven skulls of adults and two 
mounted specimens from the following localities: Borneo, Banjer- 
massing, 2 (1 mounted; Leyden); southeastern Borneo, 4 (Berlin, 
High School); Darvel Bay, 11 (Berlin, Museum); Maruda Bay, 2 
(Berlin, Museum); Marude, Sarawak, 1 (British Museum); Baram, 3 
(British Museum); near Sandakan (skull and mounted skin; U.S. 
National Museum); no exact locality, 1 (British Museum); Java, no 
exact locality, 2 (Leyden). 

PRemarks.—The series of skulls examined show that the cranial and 
dental characters of Sus barbatus are not subject to any remarkable 
variation. The upper length in adult males ranges from 450 to 490 
mm., the larger skulls occurring among the older individuals. The 
zygomatic breadth ranges from 156 to 178 mm. The principal varia- 


tions in form are due to the greater or less angle in the facial profile at _ 


posterior extremity of nasals and to slight differences in the width of 
the rostrum. The Javan skulls show no appreciable differences from 
the Bornean specimens.“ The type of Sus longirostris agrees perfectly 
with the other skulls except for two slight peculiarities: The zygoma 
below and in front of orbit is distinctly concave instead of swollen and 
convex, and the edge of the ridge above tusks is more noticeably 
thickened and turned inward than in any other specimen that I have 
seen.. 

In the type of Sus barbatus (an adult female) the protuberances on 
the muzzle can scarcely be detected. Their position is, however, clearly 
indicated by the usual tufts of bristles, and without doubt their appar- 
ent absence is due to the treatment that the skin received in the process 
of mounting. This peculiarity of the original specimen is responsible 
for much of the confusion which has arisen with regard to the specific 
characters of the members of this group. It caused Miller to over- 
look the protuberances in describing Sus barbatus, and hence led Nehr- 


«Their similarity to specimens from Borneo is so perfect as to suggest that they 
may have been taken in that island. Diard worked in both Java and Borneo and 
obtained Sus barbatus near Pontianak (see Jentink, Notes from the Leyden Museum, 
XXIV, p. 164). It is therefore by no means impossible that an error in labeling 
may have occurred. 


No. 1466. NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. 741 


ing to regard the presence of these: structures as one , of ‘the most 
important characters of Sus Jong/rostris, an error which is repeated 
in my account of Sus 07, 

SUS OI Miller. 


Plates XL, XLITI, XLVI, XLIX, LII, and LXIII. 


1902. Sus oi Mruuer, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XV, p. 51, March 5, 1902. 

1904. Sus barbatus Vouz, Zool. Jahrbiicher, Abth. Syst., XX, p. 518, “ XVIII, 
July 16, 1904 (part). 

1905. Sus oi JENTINK, Notes from the Leyden Museum, XX VI, p. 165, pls. m1, 
tv, and y, October 16, 1905. 

Type locality.—Indragiri River, eastern Sumatra. | 

Geographic distribution.—Kastern Sumatra; Rhio Archipelago 
(Pulo Kundur”%); Banka. 

Characters. —Upper length of skull of adult male 460-505 mm.; gen- 
eral form of skull as in Sus barbatus; last molar both above and below 
smaller than in the Bornean animal, the upper tooth retaining all its 
elements, but with its posterior portion much narrowed, the lower 
tooth (Plate XLIX, fig. 3) lacking the terminal heel, but with the third 
transverse ridge reduced to a terete heel-like remnant (see also the 
figure published by Volz). ? 

Measurements. —For measurements, see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.—Nine, from the following localities: Indra- 
giri River, Sumatra, 1; Palembang, Sumatra, 2 (Berne); Banka Island, 
4; Pulo Kundur, Rhio Archipelago, 2. 

Remarks. —This species is distinguishable from Sus barbatus chiefly 
by the reduced size and complexity of the posterior lower molar, a 
character shown by the type and by one of Doctor Volz’s Palembang 
specimens, the only adults yet known with this tooth in good condi- 
tion. No tendency toward a similar reduction could be ekented in 
any of the twenty-seven adults of Sus barbatus that I have examined. 
It is very probable that, as Doctor Jentink states, the skull is more 
plsnpated than in the Bornean animal. Though the material thus far 


arnouen Bale: Canes is the Sale eee of Ge hia Arc facies aa whic h 
specimens have been examined, the animal probably occurs throughout the group 
wherever sufficiently extensive forests remain. In a letter dated April 21, 1904, 
Doctor Abbott writes: ‘‘Sus oi is found on the other islands of the Rhio Archipelago. 
A watchmaker named Maw here in Singapore, who i; a great shikari, told me that 
they got four—one big boar, a sow, and two smaller pigs—a few Sundays ago over on 
Pulo Batam, opposite Singapore, behind the little island Nongsa. He had never 
seen them before and did not know what they were. They put the four carcasses 
into asampan and started to tow them to Singapore by their lannel. But the sam- 
pan capsized and all were lost.’? In a more recent letter (May 14, 1904) he adds 
that seven of these pigs instead of four were killed on Pulo Batam, and that Maw has 
never seen the afimal in the neighborhood of Singapore, although he has been 
shooting there for many years. 

» Zool. Jahrb., Abth. Syst., XX, pl. xvin, July 16, 1904. 


742 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


collected is hardly sufficient to demonstrate this, the circumstance that — 
one of the three known adult skulls of Sus o¢ is longer than any 
among twenty-seven of Sus barbatus strongly suggests that such is 
the fact. 

The seven skins collected by Doctor Abbott show no very striking 
variations other than those due to age. The youngest specimen, a 
male from Pulo Kundur, with head and body 860 mm. in length (No. 
122930), is a uniform blackish brown throughout, the skin fairly well 
covered by hair, except about ears and along median portion of under- 
parts, most of the hairs tipped with dull ochraceous buff, but this 
color quite inconspicuous except along middle of back and neck, where, 
particularly on neck, it forms almost a light median stripe. The hairs 
along ridge of back and neck are lengthened to form a slight mane. 
Face uniformly covered with short, soft, unmodified blackish hairs, 
which scarcely conceal the skin. Rostral protuberances distinct, 
almost naked, about the size of small peas. The next stage is repre- 
sented by the four skins from Banka—a female (No. 124761) 1,090 mm. 
in length (head and body), and three males (No. 124716, No. 124760, 
and No. 124908), ranging from 1,100 to 1,230 mm. In each of these 
the body is less thickly haired than in No. 122930, though sufficiently 
clothed to give the animal a blackish appearance. Light tips to the 
hairs occur very generally in three of the skins, but in the fourth they 
are practically confined to the short and inconspicuous mane. In the 
female and two of the males the beard is well developed, causing the 
head to appear much more hairy than the body. It is further made 
conspicuous by the strong contrast of its light color with the blackish 
body. In the third male (No. 124716) it is partly grown. In all four 
the bristles hide the rostral protuberances, which, however, are readily 
appreciable to the touch. Muzzle and forehead blackish, in marked 
contrast with light beard. The female from Pulo Kundur (No. 122869), 
with head and body 1,330 mm. in length, though essentially like the 
smaller individuals, appears lighter in color on account of the more 
sparse coat. There is a thin though noticeable mane along neck and 
anterior half of back. Finally, in the type, a young adult male (head 
and body 1,575 mm.), the general effect is that of a naked, yellowish 
animal, with the body rather thickly sprinkled with blackish bristles, 
the light tips of which are scarcely noticeable on account of their close 
similarity to the color of the skin. The body of this animal is much 
more scantily haired than in either of the two adults of Sus barbatus 
that Ihave examined. (See Plates LI and LII.) Only on the cheeks, 
face, and throat is the hairy covering complete. 


No. 1466. NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. 148 


SUS GARGANTUA, new species. 
Plates XLI, XLIV, XLVII, XLVIII, XLIX, and L.¢ 


1885. Sus barbatus NEHRING, Zool. Anzeiger, VIII, p. 347, June 15, 1885. (Not 
Sus barbatus Miller. ) 

1888. Sus barbatus Neurinc, Abhandl. u. Berichte des kgl. zool. u. anthrop.- 
ethnogr. Mus. zu Dresden, 1888-1889, p. 21, fig. 15. (Not Sus barbatus 
Miller. ) ; 

1904. Sus barbatus Vouz, Zool. Jahrbiicher, Abth. Syst., XX, p. 518, July 16, 
1904. (Part.) 

1905. [Sus sp.] JentTINK, Notes from the Leyden Museum, XX VI, p. 160, Octo- 
ber 16, 1905. 


Type specimen.—Young adult male (skull only) No. 4066, Agricul- 
tural High School, Berlin. Collected in southeastern Borneo in 1882 
by Grabowsky. | 

Geographic distribution.—Southeastern Borneo. 

Characters.—Upper length of skull of young adult male about 570 
mm. (in old individuals probably more); occipital region so low that 


Fic. 1.—DIAGRAMMATIC COMPARISON OF SKULLS OF Sus barbatus (A) AND Sus gargantua (B). 


edge of condyle is scarcely above level of alveolar line, and so pro- 


«For the photographs of the type skull and for permission to publish them I am 
indebted to Prof. Paul Matschie of the Natural History Museum, Berlin, and to the 
authorities of the Agricultural High School of the same city. 


744 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


duced backward that posterior overhang is nearly one-half occipital 
height through condyle (see fig. 1); ratios to basal length:¢ of profile 
length, 123.1; of height of skull when resting on mandibles, 53.8; 
teeth essentially as in Sus barbatus. (Plate XLIX, fig. 2, and Plate L.) 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.—One, the type. 

Remarks.—This strikingly characterized species, the largest known 
living pig, is at once recognizable by the great size of the skull and by 
the conspicuously low, overhanging occipital region. As the type is a 
young adult with teeth even less worn than in the type of Sus 07, and 
with the basioccipital suture open (in the type of Sws o7 it is closed), 
it is not unreasonable to expect that in aged individuals the skull 
will be found to reach the enormous length of 600 mm. The exact 
difference in form between the skull of Sus gargantua and that of Sis 
barbatus and Sus oz, though readily appreciable to the eye is not easy to 
describe. If the occipital region in the smaller animals were to be drawn 
backward and downward until the condyle nearly reached the level of 
the alveolar line, it would require only a slight further increase in the 
backward projection of the occiput to give the skull approximately 
the form that it has in the larger species. In both the ratio of oceipi- 
tal height through condyle to length of skull is about as 1 to 3, though 
it is slightly more in the smaller than in the larger type. The less 
relative height of the skull of Sus gargantua when resting on the 
mandibles is therefore chiefly due to the less relative elevation of the 
condyle above the under surface of the lower jaw. (See Plate XLVIII.) 


ITH SSS CRismAmt WS Gin.@ Oi 


It has long been known that pigs resembling Sus eristatus inhabit 
the Malay Peninsula, but apparently no critical comparison has 
recently been made between these animals and the true Sus cristatus 
of India. There are fifteen skins and sixteen skulls in the U. S. 
National Museum collected by Doctor Abbott on the west side of the 
peninsula, and also two from Johore presented by Mr. C. B. Kloss. 
Comparison of this material with two specimens of Sus eristaéus in 
the same museum and of one of. the Abbott skulls with the extensive 
series of Indian specimens in the British Museum, shows that the 
Malayan pigs are not Sus créstatus, and that among them are repre- 
sented at least two local forms. 

The members of this group are rather large animals, with the gen- 
eral appearance of the European wild boar, to which they are closely 
related. The face is without special warty outgrowths or peculiar 
developments of hair, though the bristles on chin and beneath jaws 
are occasionally much elongated. The body is covered with coarse 
hair that nearly or quite conceals the skin, even in fully adult animals; 


« Major, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XIX, May, 1897, pp. 540-541. 


No. 1466. NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. 745 


along nape and anterior half of back the bristles form a distinct mane. 
The general color is blackish or dark brown, usually somewhat light- 
ened by ochraceous or whitish tips and annulations, though sometimes 
almost uniform. A whitish streak extends backward from angle of 
mouth. Skull with rostral portion not specially elongated, the distance 
from middle of interorbital space to tip of nasals never conspicuously 
more than twice distance from same region to posterior median point 
of occiput. Interpterygoid fossa extending so far forward that it lies 
mostly between the posterior branches of the palatines. Narrowest 
region of parietals equal to about half interorbital space. Third lower 
molar with at least three median cusps, three paired transverse cusps, 
and a terminal heel representing a modified fourth group of paired 
cusps. Mandibular canine of male with outer face much shorter than 
inner and barely equal to the posterior face. 

In the Malay region these pigs are strictly confined to the mainland 
and the near-by islands. In the Archipelago they are replaced by the 
members of the closely related Sus vittatus group. The species may 
be distinguished as follows: 


KEY TO THE INDIAN AND MALAYAN FORMS OF THE SUS CRISTATUS GROUP. 


Far large (about 135 by 130 mm.), conspicuously fringed with hairs 30 to 60 mm. 
long; upper length of skull about 430 mm.; third molar both above and below with 
terminal portion behind last complete transverse ridge highly complicated in 
structure, the number of enamel spaces indicated in m3 about 10,in m3 about 7 
(see Plates LVIII, fig. 1, and LIX, figs. 1, 2) Indian................. Sus cristatus 

Ear medium (about 105 by 100), inconspicuously fringed with hairs less than 20 mm. 
long; upper length of skull usually less than 400 mm.; third molar both above and 
below with terminal portion behind last complete transverse ridge simple in struc- 
ture, the number of enamel spaces indicated in m3 4 to 6, inmg3 usually 5 (see 
Plates LVIII, fig. 2, and LIX, fig. 3) Malayan. 

Upper length of skull in adult male about 380 mm .-...-.---- Sus jubatus, p. 745. 
Upper length of skull in adult male about 330 mm ......-- Sus jubatulus, p. 746. 


SUS JUBATUS, new species. 
Plates LV, LVI, LVIII, and LIX. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 83518, U.S.N.M. Collected 
in Trong, Lower Siam, by Dr. W. L. Abbott, in 1896. 

Geographic distribution.—The range of this species, so far as defi- 
nitely known, does not extend beyond the central portion of the 
Malay Peninsula. 

Characters.—In general resembling Sus cristatus, but a distinctly 
smaller animal, the skull probably never exceeding 400 mm. in length, 
the ears relatively smaller and almost naked, never with a conspicuous 
fringe of hairs, and the enamel pattern of the posterior portion of last 
molar both above and below distinctly less complicated. (See Plates 
LVIII and LIX.) In Sus eristatus the terminal part of m* behind the 
second transverse ridge contains from eight to twelve partly or wholly 


746 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


isolated enamel spaces, while in Sus jubatus there are only from four 
to six. Similarly in the last lower molar of the Indian boar there are 
from six to nine small cusps (represented by enamel spaces in worn 
teeth) behind the third transverse ridge, while in the Malayan animal 
there are only from three to five. In general form the skulls of the 
two species do not differ appreciably; at least, no definite characters 
are shown by the specimens compared. 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.—Thirteen, from the following’ localities: 
Trong, Lower Siam, 2 (1 skin); Victoria Island, opposite Victoria 
Point, Tenasserim, 1; Boyces Point, Tenasserim, 3 (2 skins); Tanjong 
Badak, Tenasserim, 4; Champang, Tenasserim, 2; Bok Pyin, Tenas- 
serim, 1. 

Remuarks.—The series of skins shows considerable variation in the 
amount of light tipping to the hairs. In the majority of cases a dull, 
uniform grizzle is produced; but some skins are nearly black, while in 
others the light brown strongly predominates. The mane is always 
well developed and the ear is never distinctly fringed. The light 
streak extending back from angle of mouth is invariably present, 
though in none of the skins is it as well developed as in some speci- 
mens of Sus vittatus. 


SUS JUBATULUS, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 123918, U.S.N.M.  Col- 
lected on Pulo Teratau (or Trotto), off west coast of Malay Peninsula, 
November 11, 1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 2859. 

Geographic distribution.—Pulo Teratau, and perhaps other islands 
off the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. 

Characters.—Like Sus jubatus, but not as large; head and body of 
adult male about 1250 mm.; upper length of skull of adult male about 
320 mm. Externally the animal closely resembles Sus jubatus, except 
for the difference in size.~ The skull of the type has the brain case 
relatively broader and shorter than in any of the specimens of Sus 
jubatus, but this may prove to be an individual character. Otherwise 
it shows no peculiarities worthy of note. Posterior molar both above 
and below (the only teeth in which the enamel pattern is not worn 
away), with cusps behind last transverse ridge more complicated than 
usual in Sus jubatus, but in no way approaching the conditions found 
in Sus cristatus. 

Measurements. —For measurements, see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.—One, the type. 

Remarks.—Two specimens from Kisseraing Island, Mergui Archi- 
pelago (young female, No. 124206, February 3, 1904, and adult female, 
No. 124207, February 4, 1904), also represent a dwarf form of the 


No. 1466. ’ NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. 747 


unable to say. The principal measurements of the adult skull are as 
follows: Upper length, 302; basal length, 268; basilar length, 254; 
palatal length, 189; width of palate at pm 1+, 32; width of palate, 
including last molar, 61.6; least width of palate at front of last molar, 
22.4; zygomatic breadth, 130; least interorbital breadth, 63.6; parietal 
constriction, 383; nasal breadth at posterior extremity of premaxillaries, 
29.6; length of nasals, 144; occipital depth, 93.6; mandible, 228; max- 
illary toothrow, 112; m 2, 20 by 18; m *, 32 by 19.6; mandibular tooth- 
row, 106; m z, 20.4 by 15; m z, 35.6 by 16.6. 


he ET SOs: Wel InAvIn ty SiGiun @ Use: 


Throughout that portion of the Malay Archipelago thus far explored 
by Doctor Abbott, the members of the Sus wittatus group are the most 
numerous of the wild pigs.. They occur from the Natunas on the east 
to the Nicobars and Andamans on the west, but are not yet known 
from the Malay Peninsula, except at its southern extremity. Although 
not certainly distinguishable from Sus jubatus in general external fea- 
tures, at least so far as these are shown by the skins, the animals are 
immediately recognizable by the reduced condition of the posterior 
molar. In the upper jaw this tooth (Plate LVIII, fig. 3) contains two 
cross ridges and a very small terminal heel; while in the lower jaw 
(Plate LXIV, fig. 1) it may terminate abruptly at the third cross 
ridge, which is often reduced to a single median tubercle, or a minute 
supplemental tubercle may occur behind this ridge. The lower canine 
in males resembles that of Sus cristatus and Sus jubatus. 

Among the forty-one specimens in the National Museum, I find the 
following species: 


KEY TO THE MEMBERS OF THE SUS VITTATUS. GROUP COLLECTED BY DOCTOR ABBOTT AND MR. KLOSS. 


Upper length of skull in adult male less than 290 mm., in female less than 270 mm. 
Length of upper toothrow about 83 mm-..-.-.---------- Sus andamanensis, p. 754 
Length of upper toothrow about 95 mm. 

Palate wide, distinctly exceeding width of m* posteriorly. 
Sus nicobaricus, p. 754 
Palate not very wide, scarcely or not exceeding width of m* posteriorly. 
F Sus mimus, p. 753 

Upper length of skull in adult male more than 290 mm., in female more than 270 mm. 
Upper molars much enlarged, the greatest breadth of m* noticeably greater than 

Width on palate atiivontof this tooth... ........-2..-2..--8- Sus niadensis, p. 751° 

Upper molars not specially enlarged, the greatest breadth of m* usually much 
less than width of palate at front of this tooth. 

Width of palate including third molars less than half length of toothrow to 

front of canine in males or to third incisor in females. 

Width of parietal constriction equal to or greater than combined width 

of nasals at posterior extremity of premaxillaries ..Sus vittatus, p. 748 

Width of parietal constriction decidedly less than combined width of 

nasals at posterior extremity of premaxillaries...... Sus rhionis, p. 749 


748 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Width of palate including third molars equal to or more than half length 
of toothrow to front of canine in males or to third incisor in females. 
Upper length of skull about 340 mm. in males, 320 mm. in females. 

Sus peninsularis, p. 749 
Upper length of skull about 310 mm. in males, 285 mm. in females. 

An obvious though short diastema between canine and first pre- 

molat = [2.6 te ace sere Sas Cee ee Sus babi, p. 752 

No evident diastema between canine and first premolar. 
Sus natunensis, p. 753 


SUS VITTATUS Miller and Schlegel. 


Plates LVIII and LXIV. 


1839-44. Sus vittatus MULLER and ScHueGce, Verhandel. over de Natuurlijke Ges- 
chiedenis der Neder]. overzeesche Bezittingen, Zoologie, p. 172, pls. xx1x, 
xxx, (Part.) 

1905. Sus vittatus Jentrinxk, Notes from’ the Leyden Museum, XX VI, p. 175, 
October 16, 1905 (name restricted to Sumatran animal). 

Type locality.—Sumatra. 

Geographic distribution.—Mainland of Sumatra. 

Characters.—Size about the maximum for the group, head and body 
of adult female about 1250 mm. (male not examined), upper length of 
skull 8300 mm. or more; skull slender, the width of palate including 
widest part of posterior molars slightly more than half distance from 
back of last molar to front of canine in female; a distinct diastema 
between canine and first premolar; braincase not specially narrowed 
posteriorly, the parietal constriction equal to or wider than nasals; 
teeth of moderate size, the last two upper molars together about 45 
mm. long; greatest breadth of last molar distinctly less than least 
width of palate at front of this tooth. 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens excamined.—Four collected by Doctor Abbott—one on the 
Indragiri River, eastern Sumatra, three at Tarussan Bay, western 
Sumatra; also the Sumatran material in Leyden described by Doctor 
Jentink,¢ and that in Berne recorded by Doctor Volz.? 

Remarks.—As Doctor Jentink has already pointed out, the pigs of 
this group from Java and Sumatra are specifically distinct. In the 
original discription and figures of Sus vittatus the two animals are 
inextricably confused. The name has, however, been arbitrarily 
restricted to the Sumatran form. 

A young female (No. 113034, August 25, 1901) from Linga Island 
may represent either this species or the next. 


« Notes from the Leyden Museum, XX VI, pp. 174-176, October, 1905. 
6 Zool. Jahrb., Abth. Syst., XX, pp. 513-518, July 16, 1904. 


No. 1466. NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. 749 


SUS RHIONIS, new species. 


Plates LX, LXI, and LXIV. 


Type.—Young adult male (skin and skull), No. 122998, U.S.N.M. 
Collected on Pulo Ungar, Rhio Archipelago, June 26, 1903, by Dr. 
W. L. Abbott. Original number, 2555. 

Characters.—Like Sws vittatus, but with distinctly narrower skull, 
the constriction of the parietals so great that the least width of brain- 
case on upper surface is in adults always noticeably less than width of 
both nasals together at posterior extremity of primaxillaries (Plate 
LX, fig. 2; plate LXI, fig. 2). Teeth as in Sus vittatus. 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

_ . Specimens examined.—Twelve, from the following islands in the 
Rhio Archipelago: Pulo Ungar, 9 (6 skins); Pulo Sugi Bawa, 2 (1 skin); 
Great Karimon, 1. 

Remarks.—The pigs from the Rhio Archipelago show an exaggera- 
tion of the slenderness of skull that characterizes Sus vittatus. This is 
accompanied by a very marked narrowing of the parietal constriction. 
In two skulls of adult female Sws vzttatus (Nos. 113151 and 141028, 
U.S.N.M.) the least width of this constriction is, respectively, 30 mm. 
and 33 mm., while the nasal breadth at posterior extremity of premax- 
illary is 30 mm. and 28 mm. In the four males recorded by Doctor 
Volz® it. is 34 mm., 34.5 mm., 34 mm., and 31 mm., as compared 
with nasal breadths of 31 mm., 29 mm., 34mm., and 30.5 mm. There- 
fore in six adult skulls the parietal constriction invariably equals or 
exceeds the nasal breadth, the averages for the two measurements 
being 32.7 mm. and 30.4mm. A like number of adult skulls of Sus 
rhionis give the following measurements: Four females, parietal con- 
striction, 22 mm., 16.4 mm., 13 mm., and 12.8 mm.; nasal breadth, 26 
mm., 26 mm., 25 mm., and 22.6 mm.; two males, parietal constriction, 
17 mm. and 22.6 mm.; nasal breadth, 27 mm. and 30.6 mm. The 
parietal constriction in these specimens is invariably narrower than the 
nasals; averages of the two measurements, 17.3and 26.3. The average 
basal length for the two lots of skulls is: véttatus, 280 mm.; rhionis, 
276 mm. In five immature specimens of Sus rhionds, the parietal 
constriction is with only one exception less than the nasal breadth; 
in this skull (female No. 122929) the two measurements are the same. 

Externally the animal resembles Sus vittatus, and the skins show no 
variations worthy of note. 


SUS PENINSULARIS, new species. 
Plate LVII. 


Type.—Aduit female (skull only), No. 142470, U.S.N.M. Collected 
near foot of Gunong Pulai, southwestern Johore, by C. B. Kloss. 


a@Zool. Jahrb., Abth. Syst., XX, p. 517, July 16, 1904. 


750 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ~-_ vou. xxx. 


Geographic distribution.—Southern extremity of the Malay Penin- 
sula. . 

Characters. Largest known member of the Sws vittatus group; 
upper length of skull in adult male about 340 mm.; in adult female 
about 320 mm. Skull essentially like that of Sus vttatus in form. 
Teeth similar to those of Sus vittatus, but much larger, particularly 
the last two molars both above and below (see table of measurements, 
pages 755 and 756). Owing to the large size of the skull, however, 
the teeth do not encroach on the palate, as is the case in Sus niadensis. 

Measurements.—¥or measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examimed.—Four, all from Johore. The exact localities 
are as follows: Gunong Pulai (the type), Johore Bahru (skin and skull 
of immature male, No. 125462, collected May 5, 1904), and: Mount 
Austin (skin and skull of immature male, No. 125463, collected May 
23, 1904). Mr. Kloss has also presented the skull of a young adult 
male (No. 142469), of which the exact locality is not known. 

Remarks.—This animal is so large that on first seeing the skulls of 
the two adults I mistook it for a member of the § Sus cristatus group. 
It is, however, readily distinguishable from Sus jubatulus, which it 
resembles in size, by the simpler structure of the molars. In its robust 
form the skull of this pig differs notably from that of Sus rhionis, its 
nearest ally geographically. As to external characters the two skins 
furnish no satisfactory basis for comparison with other forms, as both 
are in scant, much-worn pelage. On posterior half of back there is 
a noticeable sprinkling of reddish bristles, a character which I have 
never seen in Sus jubatus or Sus gubatulus, but which occurs not infre- 
quently in members of the w¢tatus group. 

In cranial characters the two adults and one of the young (that from 
Mount Austin) show no variations except those readily explained as 
due to differences in sex and age. 

The Johore Bahru skull, however (Plate LVI, fig. 1), differs remark- 
ably from these, as well as from all the other specimens of the group 
or of the créstatus group that I have examined, in the peculiar shape. 
of the palatine and pterygoid bones. In the normal form the backward 
prolongations of the palatines which bound the ‘‘interpterygoid”@ 
space diverge strongly and at the same time rise noticeably above level 
of palate (skull held upside down), so that if continued backward they 
would extend lateral to and above tips of styloid processes; outer 
plate of pterygoid sufficiently expanded to form between it and the 
rather short, broad, hamular process a deep pterygoid fossa; greatest 
palatal width, including outer pterygoid plate, considerably more than 
half distance from posterior median edge of palate to foramen mag- 
num. In No. 125462 the palatine bones diverge so slightly and rise so 
little above level of Dalate that they would, if extended, touch the 


a The : space here He chiefly hee een fe Puinbuines 


No. 1466. NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. T5L 


extremities of styloid processes; outer plate of pterygoid so little 
expanded that the pterygoid fossa is scarcely more than a flattened 
depression, from the inner side of which projects the long, slender, 
hamular process; greatest palatal width, including outer pterygoid 
plate, much less than half distance from posterior median edge of 
palate to foramen magnum. ‘That this peculiar structure is not due 
to immaturity is shown by the perfect constancy of the broadly diver- 
gent type at all ages, from suckling young to the oldest adults. It 
clearly represents a very unusual individual variation or a distinct 
species. I find it impossible, however. to reach any satisfactory con- 
clusion from the material at hand. 


SUS NIADENSIS, new species. 
Plates LXII, LXIII, and LXIV. 


Type.—Adult female (skin and skull) No. 141167, U.S.N.M.  Col- 
lected on Nias Island, March 30, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original 
number, 4155. 

Characters.—Similar to Sus wttatus, but with posterior molars con- 
siderably enlarged, the combined length of the last two teeth more 
than 50 mm., the greatest width of posterior upper molar noticeably 
more than least width of palate at front of this tooth. (Plate LXII 
fig. 1.) No evident diastema between canine and first premolar in 
female (male not known). Color normal. 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens exramined.— Four (3 skins), all from Nias Island. 

Remarks.—The Nias pig differs from all the other known members 
of the vittatus group in the conspicuous enlargement of the posterior 
two molars both above and below. 

The differences in size of these teeth between this animal and Sus 
vittatus and Sus rhionis are as follows: 


Number. Sex. Mr 2? Wie M x. M =. 
" ; | eal 
Sus niadensis --.--.-... 141166 | Female..... 21.8 by 19.6 | 31.4 by 21.0 | 20.4 by 15.4 | 33.0 by 17.4 
DOM te eee 141167 |..... dons 92.0 by 20.0 | 34.0 by 24.0 | 21.4 by 15.8] 37.6 by 19.0 
100) Son Arar 147168 |-.--- rolaee ae ee 22.4 by 20.0 | 33.0 by 22.4 | 21.4 by 16.2 | 38.0 by 19.6 
Sus vittatus -......-. STON Fa. o (Oloy oases 18.0 by 16.0 | 26.0 by 16.4 17.0 by 14.0 | 29.0 by 16.0 
ID Oeee ee eee 141028 |..... Gorrec:: 19.0 by 17.0 | 27.0 by 20.0 | 18.8 by 14.0 | 32.8 by 16.6 
DO testes wee be 141029 |....- doer. 19.8 by 17.0 | 30.0 by 19.0 | 19.8 by 14.8 29.0 by 15.8 
Susithionis.--2.:.--. 115682 |....-. (ol omy TanGiDyelDsO) |k2os0i DLS. 0) sen-ee-seae | 26.4 by 15.6 
Da jean tap ae OP eae 122924 |..... doepee 19.2 by 16.0 | 26.0 by 18.0 | 18.8 by 13.4 | 27.0 by 16.0 
Gaara shee tac: 17207) )6 neers Owes. 18.0 by 15.8 | 24.6 by 17.8 | 18.0 by 13.0 | 26.4 by 15.4 
| 


In size and form the skull closely agrees with that of Sus vittatus, 
showing no tendency toward the broadening characteristic of the species 
occurring on the islands north of Nias. In fact, so far as can be 
determined from the material examined, the zygomata appear to be 
less abruptly flaring than in the mainland pig. 


. 


752 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


SUS BABI, new species. 
Plates LX and LXI. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 114283, U.S.N.M.  Col- 
lected on Pulo Babi,“ west Sumatra, January 14, 1902, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. Original number, 1413. 

Geographic distribution.—Pulo Babi and Pulo Tuangku, west 
Sumatra. . 

Characters.—About the size of Sus vittatus, but skull noticeably 
broader in proportion to its length, the width of palate including last 
molars distinctly greater than half distance from back of third molar 
to front of canine in males or to third incisor in females. (Plate LX 
fig. 1, plate LXI, fig. 1.) Combined length of last two upper molars 
about 47 mm.; greatest breadth of m* noticeably less than least width 
of palate at front of this tooth. A distinct though short diastema 
between canine and first premolar. Color very dark. 4 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.— Five, three (2 skins) from Pulo Babi and two 
from Pulo Tuangku. 

Remarks.—In the two skins from Pulo Babi the hair is very dark, 
giving the animal a uniform blackish appearance throughout, except 
where the yellowish skin shows through at the surface. In the type 
the bristles of the mane and forehead are rather noticeably lightened 
by wood-brown annulations, and similar though shorter rings produce 
an evident light band across muzzle about halfway between eye and 
snout; throat with a few scattered light tips and annulations, but these 
not numerous enough to form stripes behind angles of mouth. In the 
other skin (female, No. 114282) even this slight degree of light mark- 
ing is absent, and the entire animal is practically black. One of the 
skins from Pulo Tuangku (female, No. 114415) is nearly as dark as 
the type, but the other (male, No. 114416) is of the usual grizzled style 
of coloration. The skulls from the two islands show no variations 
worthy of note. Two females from Engano—one (No. 140959) very 
old, the other (No. 140958) immature—resemble Sus babz, though I do 
not feel convinced that they should be considered the same. Upper 
length of skull of adult, 298; parietal constriction, 29; nasal breadth, 
33; last upper molar, 27.6 by 17.6. In both specimens the audital 
bulle are somewhat enlarged. 


« This island lies about halfway between Simalur and the outermost of the Banjak 
group, Pulo Bangkaru. It is a small island not shown on ordinary maps, and must 
be carefully distinguished from Simalur, often called Pulo Babi (‘‘ Pig Island”’). 


NO. 1466. ~ NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. 7538 


SUS NATUNENSIS Miller. 


1901. Sus natunensis MituER, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., II], p. 117, March 
26, 1901. 

Type locality.—Pulo Laut, North Natuna Islands. 

Geographic distribution.—Vhe North Natuna Islands. 

Characters.—Closely resembling Sus bab7, but with rostral portion of 
skull more shortened and broadened; width of palate, including last 
molars,.about half as great as distance from back of third molar to 
front of third incisor in female (male not known); no diastema between 
canine and first premolar; color not unusually dark. 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.—Three, the type and a young female (No. 
104857, skull only) from Pulo Laut, and an adult female (No. 105855) 
from Pulo Lingung. 

“Remarks. =the Mena pig is readily distinguishable from Sus vittatus 
by its shorter, broader skull (upper length in adult females about 
20 mm. less than in the Sumatran animal, but zygomatic breadth fully 
as great or slightly more, and combined breadth of nasals decidedly 
greater). Itmoreclosely resembles the geographically distant Sus babe, 
but differs in its broader, more elevated brain case; parietal constric- 
tion somewhat wider than nasals, instead of decidedly narrower, as in 
Sus babi. The toothrow is more crowded than in Sus dub7, as shown 
by the anterior premolars of the upper jaw. 


7 


SUS MIMUS, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 114178, U. S.N.M. Col- 
lected on Simalur Island,“ West Sumatra, November 25, 1901, by Dr. 
W. L. Abbott. Original number, 1353. 

Geographic distribution.—Simalur Island. 

Characters. —Like Sus bab’, but much smaller; upper length of skull 
about 280 mm. in males, 265 mm. in females. Greatest width of third 
upper molar about equal to least width of palate at front of this tooth. 
A short but evident diastema between canine and first premolar in 
female, but not in male. Color, very dark, as in Sus babi. 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens ewamined.—Five, all from Simalur Island. 

Remarks.—This appears to be a well-characterized dwarf species 
related to the larger animal of Pulo Babi and the Banjak Islands, and 
with a similarly broadened skull. It also shares the uniform blackish 
coloration of the related form. 


@This is the northernmost of the large islands off the west coast of Sumatra. It is 
sometimes known as the Pulo Babi (see under Sus babi, p. 752). 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——-48 


754 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. — VOL. XXX. 


SUS NICOBARICUS Miller. 
1902. Sus nicobaricus Miturr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIV, p. 755, May 29, 1902. 

Type locality.—Great Nicobar Island. 

Geographic distribution. —This species is known from the type local- 
ity only, though it probably occurs on other islands of the Nicobar 
group. 

Characters. —Very similar to Sus mimus, but rostral portion of skull 
heavier, palate wider, occiput higher, and angle in facial profile at 
base of nasals much more pronounced. Color, clear black through- 
out, except for a slight wash of brown on the mane. Hind feet of 
type specimen white, but probably abnormal in color. 

Measurements.—For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.—Two, the type, and an adult male (skull only) 
from the type locality. 

Remarks.—The pig of the Nicobars is closely allied to that of Sima- 
lur, though the material examined indicates that the animals are 
specifically distinct. This relationship finds an exact parallel in that 
of the monkeys, Macaca umbrosa and M. fusca, inhabiting the same 
islands.¢ 


SUS ANDAMANENSIS Blyth. 


Plate LXII. 

1858. Sus andamanensis BLiytu, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XX VII, p. 267. 

Type locality.—Port Blair, South Andaman Island. 

Geographic distribution.—Andaman Islands. 

Characters.—Smaller than Sus mimus and Sus nicobaricus; skull 
(Plate LXII, fig. 2) slender, essentially a miniature of that of Sus 
vittatus; a very slight angle in facial profile at base of nasals; upper 
toothrow only about 83 mm. in length. The one skin seen is black, 
with a distinct brownish wash on mane. The ears, cheeks, muzzle, 
and throat are very scantily haired. 

Measurements. —For measurements see table, pages 755 and 756. 

Specimens examined.—Two, an adult male (skinand skull, No. 111816) 
from Little Andaman Island, and a nearly adult female with no definite 
locality (No. 164755, Department of Anthropology, a skull ornamented 
with red paint by the native Andamanese). 

Remarks.—The Andaman pig, though strictly a member of the Sus 
vittatus group,’ is even more dwarfed than the small Sus mémus and 
Sus nicobaricus. Notwithstanding its conspicuously smaller size, Sus 
andamanensis rather closely resembles Sus wittatus of the Sumatran 
mainland in the form of its skull, thus differing notably from its near- 
est insular allies. 


@See Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, p. 789, May 28, 1902, and XX VI, 
p. 476, February 3, 1903. 

b Comparisons of Sus andamanensis with Sus cristatus (e. g. Miller, Proc. U. 8. Nat. 
Mus., XXIV, pp. 754-757, May 28, 1902) are therefore very misleading. 


ican 


‘F ‘ON Usttveds ‘zjoA WOIg p ‘OLg ‘WsUeT [Rseqo[ApuoD os . “BULYAN SIIJSOITSuOT sng Jo adAy, q ‘ad AT, p 
| | | | | | 
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s) | | PEE aS 3 
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f ealsr B iad g enn le = EA =n ee y 
a © ie = Ig Big fae © ' 
Bel 38 is ee neal ea 5 & 


No. 1466. 


‘shid unlivnjoyy fo syuamainsnau worms fo ajqny, 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


756 


*p ‘ON uouttoeds 


‘Z[OA WOOL p 


“SULION SWISOITSUOT Sg JO ddA, 0 


*paepnyour jou rBpoutead 10119} UY q 


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0°91 Aq. 0°6% | OFT AG O'LT 
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0°61 44 0°OF | 0°9T Aq 8°6T 
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OTe Aq O'Lr | O'LT Aq — 
Pst Aq g'se | 0°9T Aq 0% 
0°02 AG 0'CF | FLT AG 0'FS 
0°16 4q 0°Lb | 0'9T Aq — 
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0°964 0°6E 44 0°08 | SLT AG 0'0Z | O'GOL | SZ | OLB GSCPE EDs aes > aes LOU Se OTM chisel SUL ee hee ea 1qeq sng 
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99019 | 0°12 44 9°62 | O'8TAQ FOG | FEL | OL | O'STE 7777" LGN | "69RCPE 2 oa seer acre or sae eaoyor |->-""-- stivjnsutuad sng 
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F169 F'9L Aq 0'9% | 0°9T AG O'8T | 0°L6 CO RONGh set ee OLEUION IeTGTGhT «ali ees samawnee JOATY WISerpuy ‘Paywurng |----77 777 od 
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s =) ee s = i) - 
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(e) =| Lees. Oc os 
ct uc) =A) a 
= = AS) 2 = 
~ i) o + er 
in H Hn i=7 io) 


‘ponuyu0gj—shid uvfinpoyy fo syuaumaunsnau povunio fo a]qv], 


a hey 
pile 


NO. 1466. 


NOTES ON MALAYAN PIGS—MILLER. 


“I 
[ed | 
aI 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


[Unless otherwise stated the figures are about one-third natural size.] 


Sus barbatus Miller. 


~ Sus oi Miller. 


Sus gargantua Miller. 
Sus barbatus Miller. 


Sus oi Miller. 


Sus gargantua Miller. 


Sus barbatus Miller. 


Sus oi Miller. 


Sus gargantua Miller. 


1. Sus barbatus Muller. 
2. Sus gargantua Miller. 


1. Sus barbatus Miller. 


Type. 


Type. 


Type. 


Prare XXXIX. 


Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. 


Puate XL. 


Prats XLI. 
Type. 
PLATE XLII. 


Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. 


Prats XLIII. 


PuatTe XLIV. 
Type. 
PLATE XLV. 


Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. 


Puate XLVI. 


PLatTe XLVII. 
Type. 
Pirate XLVIII. 


Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. 
Type. 


Sandakan, Borneo. 


Puate XLIX. 


Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. 


Mandibular cheek teeth, slightly reduced. 


2. Sus gargantua Miller. 
Type. 


3. Sus oi Miller. 


Sus gargantua Miller. 


Sus barbatus Miller. 


Greatly reduced. 


Sus oi Miller. 


Sus cristatus Wagner. 


Sus cristatus Wagner. 
- 


Type. 


Type. Mandibular cheek teeth, slightly reduced. 
Mandibular cheek teeth, slightly reduced. 


Puate L. 
Type. Maxillary cheek teeth, slightly reduced. 
Prats LI. 


Adult male, Cat. No. 34891, U.S.N.M. Sandakan, Borneo. 


Pare LI. 
Greatly reduced. 

PuatTe LIII. 
Adult male, Cat. No. 122536, U.S.N.M. Nilgiri Hills, India. 
Puate LIV. 


Adult male, Cat. No. 122536, U.S.N.M. Nilgiri Hills, India, 


758 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


PuatTe LV. 
Sus jubatus Millers Type. 

Puate LVI. 
Sus jubatus Miller. Type. 

PuatEe LVII. 


1. Sus peninsularis? Young male, Cat. No. 125462, U.S.N.M. Johore Bahru, Johore. 
. Sus peninsularis Young male, Cat. No. 125463, U.S.N.M. Mount Austin, Johore. 


bo 


Puatre LVIII. 


1. Sus cristatus Wagner. Adult male, Cat. No. 122536, U.S.N.M. Nilgiri Hills, India. 
(About 2 nat. size). Maxillary teeth. 

2. Sus jubatus Miller. Type. (About 7 nat. size). Maxillary teeth. 

3. Sus vittatus Miillerand Schlegel. Adult female, Cat. No. 141028, U.S.N.M. Tarussan 
Bay, west Sumatra. (About / nat. size). Maxillary teeth. 


Puate LIX. 


1. Sus cristatus Wagner. Adult male, Cat. No. 122536, U.S.N.M. Nilgiri Hills, India. 
(About 2 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 

2. Sus cristatus Wagner, or closely related form, Cat. No. 61310, U.S.N.M. Ceylon. 
(About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 

3. Sus jubatus Miller. Type. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 


PuaTE LX. 
1. Sus babi Miller. Type. 
2. Sus rhionis Miller. Type. 
; PuaTE LXI. 
1. Sus babi Miller. Type. 
2. Sus rhionis Miller. Type. 
Puate LXII. 
1. Sus niadensis Miller. Type. 
2. Sus andamanensis Blyth. Adult male, Cat. No. 111816, U.S.N.M. Little Andaman 
Island. 
Puate LXIII. 


1. Sus niadensis Miller. Young female, Cat. No. 141169, U.S.N.M. Nias Island, 
west Sumatra. 

2. Sus oi Miller. Young male, Cat. No. 122930, U.S.N.M. Pulo Kundur, Rhio 
Archipelago. 


PuatTe LXIV. 


1. Sus vittatus Muller and Schlegel. Adult female, Cat. No. 141028, U.S.N.M 
Tarussan Bay, west Sumatra. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 

2. Sus niadensis Miller. Type. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 

3. Sus rhionis Miller. Type. (About 7 nat. size.) Mandibular teeth. 


NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXIX 


SUS BARBATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75/7. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XL 


Sus ol. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75/7. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. 


SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX P 


SUS BARBA 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 7 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. 


Sus ol. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLIV 


SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLV 


Sus BARBATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLVI 


f 


ere | 


Sus ol. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLVII 


SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757. 


PL. XLVIII 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


"AdA | 


"1G 39Vd 33S 3Lvid 4O NOILYN¥1dx3 HOY 


‘VNLNVDYVD SNS *g—'SNLVAYVA SNS ‘} 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XLIX 


1. SUS BARBATUS.—2. SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE.—3. SUS Ol. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75/7. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. L 


SUS GARGANTUA. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LI 


SUS BARBATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 757, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LIlI 


Sus ol. TYPE. 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 75/7. 


U. S. NATIONA 
L MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LIII 


SuS CRISTATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 5 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEE DINGS, VOL. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL, LV 


Sus JUBATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LVI 


SUS JUBATUS. TYPE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LVII 


1. SUS PENINSULARIS?—2. SUS PENINSULARIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LVIII 


1. SUS CRISTATUS.—2. SUS JUBATUS. TYPE.—3. SUS VITATTUS 


FOR EXPLANATiO 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LIX 


1, 2. SUS CRISTATUS.—3. SUS JUBATUS. TYPE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 758. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LX 


oy 
Pn 


» 


* 


1. SUS BABI. TYPE.—2. SUS RHIONIS. TYPE. 


2 EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXI 


fs) 
<2? 


\ 


> 


3 


oH 


1. SUS BABI. TYPE.—2. SUS RHIONIS. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLA 


PL. LXIil 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. Xxx 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


AMA 


a) 
ra! 
< 
no 


2. Su 


NIADENSIS. T YPE.— 


Sus 


ile 


PAGE 75& 


SEE 


E 


YR EXPLANATION OF PLAT 


Fi 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. 


1. SUS NIADENSIS.—2. SUS 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SE E PAGE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXIV 


1. SUS VITTATUS.—2. SUS NIADENSIS. TYPE.—3. SUS RHIONIS. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE /08. 


A NEW AMERICAN PENTREMITE 


By CHARLES SCHUCHERT, 
Of Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 


= 
The new American entremites here described was found by Dr. 


S. W. McCallie, assistant State geologist of Georgia, in the Bangor 
limestone of Georgia, and several months ago was forwarded to the 
writer for description, and presented to the U.S. National Museum. 
_ Doctor McCallie has referred to the occurrence of this Pentremétes in 
his Report on the Coal Deposits of Georgia,“ where notes on the stra- 
 tigraphy may be found. 


PENTREMITES MACCALLIEI, new species. 


Theca a ee conical, and very large, having a length of 57 mm. 
and a width of about 40 mm. Base inverted-cone shaped, large, rapidly 


OUT MORE NEARLY THE NORMAL FORM, NATURAL SIZE. 0, SIDE VIEW SHOWING AMOUNT OF DIs- 


TORTION. 


expanding, a little less than one-fourth the total length of theca, 
_ deeply pentalobate and with the basal plates sharply delimited from 


“GGeol. Surv. Georgia, Bull. No. 12, 1904, p. 16. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No, 1467. 
759 


760 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the radials. Ambulacra very large, three-fourths the length of the 
theca, with flat sides sloping down to the depressed median groove. 
Length of each ambulacrum about 45 mm., greatest width about 9 or 


Fic. 2.—BASAL VIEW OF PENTREMITES 
MACCALLIEI IN OUTLINE, RESTORED TO 
PROBABLE NORMAL FORM. 


10mm. There are about 25 ambulacral 
grooves in 10 mm. _ Interambulacral 
areas deeply and angularly indented. 
Deltoids very long and narrow. 
Remarks.—In the structure of the 
ambulacra, the deep interambulacral 
areas, and form of basal half, the new 
species agrees very nearly with P. swi- 
catus Roemer. It differs, however, in 
being twice as large as 
the average adult speci- FANON 
men of that species, and ; 
: : FiG. 3.—SECTION OF 
in the more important — peyrremrres mac- 


particular that its apical  CATETEI ACROSS AN 
AMBULACRAL FUR- 


end is longer and more attenuate. The deltoids also pow, ssow:ne THE 
are correspondingly longer and narrower. The re- VERY SLIGHT con- 


VEXITY OF THE 


cently described P. fohsi“ has similar ambulacra and — groprs on nrrHer 
equals J. maccalliec in size but differs decidedly in S'D¥ OF THE Mapr- 


having flat instead of deeply coneave interambulacral 


AN GROOVE. 
+ 


spaces. Finally, 7. obesws Lyon, an even larger species, while being 
similarly pentalobate in cross section, has very different ambulacra, 
these being biconvex in transverse contour, as in 2. godoni De France 
and its allies. As the new species is based on a single mature example, 
nothing can be given regarding the developmental changes. 
Formation and locality.—The specimen was found by Dr. 8. W. 
McCallie in the Bangor limestone in an old lime quarry in Nickajack 
gulch, a short distance below the coke ovens at Cole City, Georgia. 


Flolotype. 


Cat. No. 35689, U.S.N.M. 


@Ulrich, U. 8. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper No. 36, 1905, pl. vit, figs. 5 to 9. 


Soca 
3 fa 


© 


ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES MADE BY P. O. SIMONS 
IN ECUADOR AND PERU. 


By Epwin Cuapin Srarks, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


The collection on which this paper is based includes both marine 
and fresh-water species, and was made by the late Mr. P. O. Simons, 
in Keuador and Peru, during the winter of 1898 and 1899. 

With one or two exceptions the marine fishes were collected at 
Guayaquil, Ecuador, and Callao, Peru. They illustrate very well the 
faunal relations of these localities. Guayaquil lies about equidistant — 
between Panama and Callao, but belongs distinctly to the faunal region 
of Panama and northward. 

All of the 44 species that were taken at Guayaquil are also found at 
Panama, with the exception of three species described as new from 
Guayaquil and one species of the southern fauna not extending north 
of Guayaquil (mentioned below). Sixteen of these have not been 
taken north of Panama and 24 extend their range to the Gulf of 
California. 

Of the 34 species collected at Callao 23 have not been taken farther 
north, 11 have been taken north to the Gulf of California, and the 
other one not north of Guayaquil. 

Thus it appears that with a single exception the fishes extending 
their range north of Callao are species of wide distribution. Five of 
the eleven can not perhaps fairly be considered in this connection. 
Sphyrna zygena, Scomber japonicus, Sarda chilensis, Caulolatilus 
princeps are of such very w-de distribution, and Anisotremus scapularis 
was, with little doubt, erroneously reported from Mexico. 

The species of Guayaquil are in all cases very much darker than the 
same species from Panama, making it appear probable that the faunas 
of these two localities, though similar, do not intermingle. 

The drawings for this paper were made by Chloe Lesley Starks. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1468. 761 


762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


Table of distribution. 


Name. Para 


GORCROPIAS OZUN CUS aie ore mnie tatan ola ela wl eal eee ae tere et etal ene 
CONCRONIAS CON AGNES 2 aria w ao eres aceasta | tee 
IS CONAN Fl (UR Ga 36 ace MANOS ein sa oS0- sopos pS IIc oE be doose ss: x 
SDRYTNALDUT O 22a aa alae win. sie soe eminem Meee aie eee eae | ee 
Rhinobatus leucorhynehius's. -2.-22.-.0s- 22-22 -e ae eee see eee eee eee 
Callorhynchiis COMOTRYN CHUB. <6 aa aes ee ee ee ee x 
Felichihys& pQnQmensis.< 2a.<o-cceaocies semen eae noe Sahn See ee ae eee 
Galeichihys SiMOnst=.. 2ca- 4h = ose ee ee eee 24 
Leptar ius G0 wt so nnsee 2a acim aap Stee tee ee ee ee eee eee eee 
Netwmahesshert . 2 occ aki iol state eee sla = we EEO ee ae ee 
TAChysurus €QuatoriQls..caelss oc nese mone s Nace Seis een eee eee 
Ophichthuseauaensts oceans tae aes eee eae nee eee 55 
BlOpS SQ 82 oo alo = Sm wre afm aie ele a oe aes es ee ate 
Potamalosa notacanthoides.s-.2 == eneaae ne ae eee a eee 4 
Sardinella MMortataran <i aes see ee eee ee seo ee sete x 
Tisha, furthit << Fie sc sae ce niaieln eo Re eee SN OO eee ae ee a Ot eee 
TYyflOSUrus: 9 OT COME. = ae own etaineis altel els a peaeee ote ieee ere eee rele 
SYNGRAENUS SLONKSE o.oo 2 shccin cease eee sees seas sae ee = seller 
Kir tlandid: PACRYLONIS <3 oe wm ~ eee eee none sao eee eee 
Basilichihys Tegulusy 2 c-nc oon oce hh o-PeCe eee ee eee ee x 
MUGil CUTEMO 2. 50h nd Oe aelae b ee mike De Boe eee oe te aoe [eas ores 
Mugil hospes: 2225.22 ka gen She bows ie ce Sane Oe a eee Ae eee eee 
Polydactylus Qpprocunajis. see selene eee eee artes 
SCombEer FOMONTCUS Tea ros Sees oh tees oe ale eee eel ae ae eee ox 
Sarda Chilensts) ./s.c 252. sida aiscese fois sees ase eee ie settee eer SE 
Oligoplites mundus’ sons c2 a es nosce Se een oe on ss cee Seen ee celles aeeereee 
Neptomenus crassus ..-.----- sp Jtcharcic PRS cieor te eins eet ch nto me 
Caranz Nip pos. 5.05. 22s sate ne See hae ae ee ne Te Ee Rees 
Vomer setipinits:. s.2 sates dese she se te eee nee ee ae eee see SS 
SClEN€ VOME = oe mob awicse oe nine ooo eee ng bea on ee see aeweclenaeiey see eases ee 


qe ATOCINOUUS DALOMG = Soree coca ns cosmo ee een ee eee eee x 
Oxyladrad: CRMAUS ..25- 5 Renan n> tk. teens esos dee ee ee seedae see eae 
Paralabran hwmerauiss se. «- <= scsi ka ene see eee nee tees 
Paralabrax COMGENSiss ence =o, 1a =e eee eee eee 
EAUHONUS OF GONURVENITIS: eer oe ene oe ee eee eee eee 
ANLSOLEMUS PACHICL soe hoo a dwet Bec = amin ole oe coca ale oe eer eee tet ate eee 
ANISOWUEMUS 'SCOPULATISE 2 soo. aot ae eee dane see eee ee x 
TEACIG CONCEPT ONS sas Fea e ele ain seein eta de Sa ee eee eens x 
TSACUG UCTUSLOS sees cae salen Ree ele See alain a eee ener x 
POMALGSYS CUTO S39. crasacseocsn ae Node science aos eed panes eee |Saodee eee 
Fucinostonus Cauporniensis’ .<-s- 6 225 meen cso ns secs eae «cee vase 
GerreR Per WU ONU8 <2 ace seein see cee Boa eaC Ee he aeeee eats as 
DOYVORLOGON: (HUUTONS. 22 oan se ea eae ee ieee ee aoa ene x 
AT CROSCION: CNOUIE s<rjoiz waisfactas = Bes se neai= Je mia do nlaeiss resect x 
Ognosciomalbug sc cdcscsdo sect ate eon ee een ae eee ae See aes | ae ares 
BO Qiele chirySOleucae Jeane. as oars nee See en rete aan |e eeeeeiene 
BOT QTEUW ENS ONG: Sons < tom nia = eee «a mclale See tae aeP i eee eee 
Stelifer Minor soco~ Faso se ok a See oe SOR ae eee ee eee x 
SCLOENOfASCIONG Berenice aac see eee en oe Bee eee eee x 
SCULENG GEM CLOSR) 525s 2 nae ce = Seg ete ee aa aa eae eer 5 
Scidengd Gilbertizc coat SH. coe nace = SEAR ergo eae tas ee ae oe eae me 
Poly clemusiperuagiwus: =o. s20 05-5 aececee Fise Als inte bro sata etait errs “ 
MiCropogon \QUeUD UNMIS) 2s n.a.cicie fours else aia tiaey oe ae esleeia ete eats ae 
Chilodactylus variegans Ss... csp seater eee ae eee x 
CROMIS CHUIMN Gs ae. wos o0 cases seo ss aeeees eoeee ses ascetic x 
CheetodipterusiZonatus: isc2 = wile a ow eae sem coe ene er eee ae eee eee 
Par UpecttuUs PONGMENSIS S-— aca guises ae coe ieee Se eee nee eee 
Balistes NOUTAGUIM, <5 o.oo ecln. y= 2s eens cies cmos Re ces eter eee 
Spheroides Jurtnta 2. ccdndets ccs cent Sens eee ae ote ane eee 
Philypn UB LOLENGLES se 5.-:~ ania oats Se eee ae 5 Aa ie ee * 
ERCOWUIS DICLO Racmicee = <0 2 oo eee ema mateie clk ries Se ais ater otal ai oe 
MeN0'80POTOLONN sana < =a xin «cere s 1 ne ee eee x 
Gobtonellus saga. . . =. = 22h eck Soe see tae oe Cee ea eee eee se eee eee 
Canlolatilus PARCENS: «.< 222 ue n= =e eae eee a eee eee Xx 
Batrachoides vaciiaws. 2. .~ seicsa~ pe see ans ee eee ee eet 
LObrisomuspniIypiee = -- -<.5n-, sadec se ee esa e eee eee eee x 
Fypilewr Ochs Dayiensts ~....2s sein oe asc aie ait ore eee eietelole x 
Paralichthys ae DOP BUD 5 < sie\setcinis meee ae neem serene aaetee eee x 
CROTUCTEY BUD ERE = ako cirw a co en ee ons slew Mei oe eam eens | eer 


Guaya- 
quil, 


Ecuador. 


XXKXXX 


Gulf of 
Panama.) Califor- 
nia. 

x ; 

Pdaelbel Saecohoo 

x x 

Ds 4 

xs x 

> D4 

XK ks aaa 

Shy 10 | ore eee ‘ 

x x 

X OA 6 see 
Soeeraeee >< 

Xx Armada - 

x x 

x p4 

x ne 
Sa eee x 

x x 

x x 

x x 

x x 

x x 

x % 

x * 

b Sedan ee ee, 

x4 x 

i>; |Sascecenee 
ah isnot cate tee a 

x x 

x 3 

Mo Altes = 

OM Sinn wecietee 

Se% oe okt ome 

Me | Segak soem 

x x 

ps ee Pen Be 

* eS 

» es Pee 

x x 

x x 

x x 

3 x 

> ne Pees = Ss 

x oe 


a Probably erroneously reported from Mazatlan by Peters. 


ee 


aati 


NO. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 763 


The following ten species are tee deserved: as new. 


U.S.N. M. || U.S.N.M. 
Name. type Name, type 
| number. || number. 

CLOLEPCRINYS SUNONS Lec. cicjae nee. n\n sce tes 03466 ||) Neptomenius Crassus ..---------4.2+5-22 53465 
Tachysurus equatorialis.......------.-- 53470 || Paralabrax callaensis ..............--. 53471 
VERON OMONGUM eee hn scat =n 2 DSATZ EI ISAC, VENUStC = cca acee es sek eee ee eneee 53467 
Prochilodus caudifasciatus .........-.- OF OM ISG HEL TUCL: GUL ON UD everest te et ape 53464 
TylOSurus jOrdGNi .......20-2---.00---- 98469)! /;POMAGASYS UPTO =. 5.025. el cee nanos 53468 


Family GALEID Ai 
1. CARCHARIAS AZUREUS Gilbert and Starks. 


A specimen considerably larger than the type, and agreeing with it 
very well in all essential characters, was collected at Guayaquil, Ecua- 
dor. It was preserved in alcohol as a partially skinned specimen. 
As in the type, the claspers are undeveloped and fail to reach to the 
posterior margin of the ventral fins. 


2. CARCHARIAS CERDALE (Gilbert). 


Three small specimens from Guayaquil agree very well with the 
typical specimens from Panama. 


Family SPHYRNID. 
3. SPHYRNA ZYGZENA (Linnzus). 
One specimen from Callao, Peru. 
4. SPHYRNA TIBURO (Linnzus). 


A specimen collected at Guayaquil, Ecuador. Although this species 
was not reported from the Pacific until 1895, it appears to be as com- 
mon as S. fudes, and will probably be found to have as wide a range, 
at least in American waters. 


Family RHINOBATID 2. 
5. RHINOBATUS LEUCORHYNCHUS (Giinther). 


A specimen 43 cm. in length from Guayaquil, Ecuador. It differs 
from a specimen from Panama, 38 cm. in length, in having the snout 
more blunt, the rostral ridges not so narrow, and the lateral edge of 
disk a little more concave. In all of these respects about intermedi- 
ate between the Panama specimen and a specimen of 72. g/aucostigma 
from Mazatlan, 57 cm. long. It has no trace, however, of the charac- 
teristic slate-colored spots on the back or the dark blotch under the 
tip of the snoutof 2. glaucostigma. Both specimens of 2. lewcor ‘hyn- 
chus have the dorsals darker than in 2. glaucostigma, and the shagreen 
appears to be a little rougher and coarser. 


764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX, | 


Family CHIMARIDZ. 


6. CALLORHYNCHUS CALLORHYNCHUS Linneus. 


id 


A specimen 67 cm. in length was collected at Callao, Peru. It 
differs in no essential characters from a specimen of this species from 
New Zealand in the Stanford University collections. 

Body strongly compressed, twice as high as thick below first dorsal 
spine, where it is one-fourth of entire length to base of upper caudal 
lobe. Body thence tapering rapidly back to the rather slender caudal 
peduncle. Upper anterior profile forming an even, moderate curve 
to a point in front of and on a level with eye, where it is very slightly 
produced. Eye contained 3% times in the space obliquely upward 
from its posterior margin to base of dorsal spine, and situated mid- 
way between dorsal spine and tip of snout (without rostral process). 
Dental plates agreeing well with the picture published by Garman.“ 

Front of pectoral one diameter of eye behind front of dorsal spine. 
Base of first dorsal contained 24 times in space between dorsals; base 
of second dorsal equal to this space and equal to depth of body under 
dorsal spine. Posterior end of base of ventral under front of second 
dorsal. Tip of pectoral when fin is held close to body reaches to pos- 
terior end of ventral base. 

Color dark silvery with large, obscure, dark, round blotches on 
upper part of side and back; one series of these along lateral line and 
traces of one below. A broken, dark band connects the dorsals and 
is separated from its fellow of the opposite side by a light streak on 
median line of back. A large, dusky blotch below eye; one on each 
side of dorsal spine; one on opercular region, and one above base of 
ventral. Fins all dark. These markings are all more conspicuous on 
the New Zealand specimen. 


Family SILURIDA. 
7. FELICHTHYS PANAMENSIS (Gill). 


A specimen 20 cm. in length from Guayaquil differs from specimens 
from Panama only in having the barbels a little longer and the dorsal 
shield a little wider and more deeply sculptured. The width of the 
dorsal shield measured from side to side, without considering the 
transverse curve of the back, is one-third of the length of the head. 
The maxillary barbel reaches to the middle of the ventrals; the pecto- 
ral filament to the middle of the anal. 


8. GALEICHTHYS SIMONSI, new species. 


Head, 33 in length without caudal; depth, 5. Eye, 64 in head; snout, 
28; width between angles of mouth, 24; width of head, 12; dorsal 
spine, 1$; first dorsal ray, 1%; pectoral spine, 13; ventral fin, 24; long- 


@Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLI, No. 2, pl. vit. 


Se a 


No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 765 


est anal ray, 21; foes of adipose dorsal, 4; depth of caudal peduncle, 
4. Dorsal, I, 6; anal, 16. 

Upper anterior profile nearly straight to above eyes, thence slightly 
convex to tip of snout. Top of head more evenly granular than in G. 


Fic. 1.—GALEICHTHYS SIMONSI. 


jordani, the granulated area not irregularly striated anteriorly and 
extending farther forward, or to above front of pupil in the usual two 
diverging points. Fontanel groove reaching to within half a diameter 
of the eye of the occipital process. The groove tapers at both ends, 
and is not wider anteriorly; at its middle, where it enters the granu- 
lated area, it is slightly constricted. The ridge of the occipital process 


SV sa95) 202 ses avers 


TA ree cee 


C <-> 


Fic. 2.—GALEICHTHYS SIMONSI. 


is not so sharp and high, the sides more gently sloping than in G. jor- 
pani; the width of the process equals its length. The snout, as viewed 
from above, is more truncate than in @. jordani, the eye is a little 
larger. The palatine patches of teeth are smaller, more diverging, and 


—— 


766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


not so nearly rounded; the width of each patch is half its length. The 
vyomerine patches are not separated, though notched at the median line 
before and behind. — 

Maxillary barbel reaching just past base of pectoral spine, not quite 
to pectoral pore; postmental barbels to edge of branchiostegal mem- 
brane; mental barbels two-thirds of the distance from their base to 
edge of branchiostegalmembrane. Pectoral pore very small. Humeral 
spine more slender than in @. jordan7, and more concave on upper 
edge, making its point more acute. Gill rakers, 5+10. 

Color very dark brown, nearly black on upper parts; lower parts — 
silvery white. The dark color of back gradually changing to the white 
of lower parts on body, but on anterior part of head the dark color 
extends down to a little below eye and changes abruptly to white; the 
change is more gradual on opercular region. <A large black spot just 
behind gill opening covers humeral spine. Base of dorsal spine dark, 
the rest of the fin pale, adipose dorsal dusky only at base. A jet black 
blotch covers nearly the entire anal fin, beginning sharply at the base 
of the fin in strong contrast with the pure white of body just above, 
leaving a narrow light border along the anterior edge of fin, and a 
broader one across tips of rays. A similar spot on ventrals, but dif- 
fused upward into the silvery white of belly, extending farther toward 
tips of rays on upper surface of fin than on lower. Upper surface of 
pectoral dark at base of rays, becoming lighter toward ends of rays, 
not nearly so dark as on other lower fins except on a small region at 
base. Lower surface of pectoral slightly dusky. Caudal without 
color. Maxillary barbel black. 

The type and sole specimen was collected at Callao, Peru. It is 255 
mm. in entire length, and is deposited in the U. S. National Museum, 
Cat. No. 53466. 

This species is named for Mr. P. O. Simons, whose life was lost 
while making this and other collections in South America. 


g. LEPTARIUS DOW/I Gill. 


A single specimen from Guayaquil does not differ from Panama. 
specimens. 
10. NETUMA KESSLERI (Steindachner). 


A single specimen collected at Guayaquil. It has been compared 
with specimens from Panama and found to differ in no particular. 


11. TACHYSURUS EQUATORIALIS, new species. 


Head, 3;°; in length to base of caudal; depth, 53. Eye, 5 in head; 
snout, 3; width between angles of mouth, 3; width of head, 13, length 
of dorsal spine, 14; first dorsal ray, 14; first pectoral ray, 13; ventral 
fin, 13; longest anal ray, 2; base of adipose dorsal, 3; depth of caudal 
peduncle, 3. Dorsal, I, 6; anal, 23. 


No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 767 


Upper anterior profile appearing perfectly straight, and rather 
steeply sloping from the dorsal spine nearly to the tip of the snout, 
where it curves very slightly downward. Head as viewed from the 


Fig, 3.—TACHYSURUS EQUATORIALIS. 


side sharply wedge-shaped. Top of head very finely granular; the 
granulated area ends some distance behind the eyes, but is continued 
forward to a point on each side, as a slightly rugose surface covered by 


© 


Fic. 4.—TACHYSURUS EQUATORIALIS. 


thin skin, to opposite the posterior margin of the eyes. The fontanel 
groove fails to reach the occipital process by a distance equal to the 
vertical diameter of the eye; its widest and deepest part 1s where it 


768 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


traverses the granulated area on top of head, where for a distance 


equal to the long diameter of the eye it is sharply defined, and as wide 
and deep as the base of the slender maxillary barbel. Posteriorly it 
ends ina point; anteriorly it is continued as a faint line with indefinite 
gently rounded edges to in front of the eyes, where it abruptly 
becomes wider, deeper, and sharply defined for a short distance and 
ends opposite the posterior nostril. Occipital process as wide as its 
length with the addition of the median length of the very narrow 
dorsal plate. The keel of the occipital process is sharp and high, with 
a slightly concave area on each side of it; at a little behind the middle 
of its length its sides slope away from the median keel at an angle of 
45°, Snout as viewed from above rather narrow and evenly rounded. 
Premaxillary band of teeth as long as eye and one-fifth as wide; 
palatine patches small, elliptical, and widely separated, each bearing 
about 30 bluntly rounded teeth; length of each patch two-fifths of 
length of eye and half as wide as long. Posterior, median, mandibular 
teeth not enlarged as in other species. Eye large; scarcely above level 
of mouth; the beginning of its posterior fifth at middle of length of 
head. Maxillary barbel reaching to axillary pore; postmental barbel 
to base of pectoral spine; and mental barbel to base of branchiostegal 
membrane. Branchiostegal membrane forming a fold across isthmus. 
Gill rakers rather long and slender; those near angle of arch half as 
long as eye; 6+ 13 in number. 

Pectoral reaching to opposite base of last dorsal ray; the ventrals 
not quite to front of anal. Anal high anteriorly; its posterior edge 
very slightly concave; its last ray coterminous with tip of adipose 
dorsal. Posterior end of base of adipose dorsal two-thirds of head’s 
length from base of caudal rays. 

Color very dark brown above, changing gradually on sides to dirty 
white on lower parts; head dark to below eye; barbels all black; 
dorsal and adipose dorsal dusky; anterior half of anal growing lighter 
behind; upper surface of ventral and pectoral blue black; the former 
growing lighter toward ends of rays; their lower surface dusky; caudal 
dusky. 

This species appears to be related to Z! steindachnert, but not 
closely. The eye is much larger, the occipital process much sharper, 
the fontanel not so large; the profile straighter and steeper; the head 
sharper; and the character of the mandibular teeth different. 

The type and sole specimen of this species was collected at Guaya- 
quil, Ecuador. It is 193 mm. in length and is deposited in the U. 8. 
National Museum, Cat. No. 538470. 


E.. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 769 


12, RHAMDIA GILLI, new species. 


Plate LXV, fig. 1. 


| Head, 4 to 44 in length without caudal; depth, 44 to 4%. Eye, 5 in 
_ head; interorbital space, 3; bony part of interorbital space, Ba: width 
2 between angles of mouth, 3; width of head, 14; dorsal spine, 12; longest 
dorsal ray, 14; pectoral spine, 13; longest pectoral ray, 12; longest 
ventral ray, 17; base of dorsal, 14; base of anal, 2; length of upper 
caudal lobe, 1; length of median caudal rays, 2; depth of caudal 
_ peduncle, 2. Dorsal, I, 6; anal, 11; ventral, 6. 
Occipital process long and narrow, failing to reach the dorsal buckler 
by a space equal to half a diameter of pupil. Fontanel extending 
_ behind eye a distance equal to 1} times diameter of eye. Its posterior 
_ portion separated from its anterior by a narrow bridge of bone oppo- 
‘site the posterior margin of eye. Snout rather narrow, and projecting 
slightly beyond tip of mandible; equal in length to postorbital part of 
head. Eye at middle of length of head and having a free border. 
Width of premaxillary band of teeth one-fourth its length; the band 
is not interrupted at its middle. Maxillary barbel reaching just past 
_ base of ventrals; mental barbel to base of pectoral fin; and postmental 
barbel to middle of pectoral spine. 
Distance from tip of snout to insertion of dorsal contained 24 times 
in length to base of caudal. Dorsal spine ending in a short ray-like 
filament that does not.reach to tips of soft rays. When dorsal is 
reclined, the tips of its rays just fail to reach the front of adipose dor- 
sal. The adipose dorsal is a very thin, high, fold of skin on a raised 
pedicle; its length contained 3} times in the body length, and its 
height from the pedicle is one-fourth of length of head. The poste- 
rior end of its base is a little behind the tips of the anal rays, and it 
projects backward in a rounded lobe considerably beyond its base. 
The pectoral rays extend beyond the pectoral spine to below the base 
of the first dorsal ray. The ventrals extend two-thirds of the distance 
from their base to front of anal. Anal fin rounded behind, the dis- 
tance from its base to base of median caudal rays is equal to length of 
head less half the diameter of eye. Upper lobe of caudal sharp and 
longer than the lower rounded lobe by a diameter of eye. Vent oppo- 
site middle of length of ventral rays. 
Color dark brown with a diffused, rather wide, light band following 
lateral line; a large dark spot on opercle; fins all dusky; a dark line 
“on membrane before each dorsal ray; adipose dorsal darker toward 
outer edges; anterior edge of maxillary barbel white, contrasting 
strongly with dark posterior edge; other barbels colorless. 
This species seems to be more closely related to Rhamdia jenynsii 
(Giinther) than to any other. It differs in having a larger head, a 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 49 


. 
q > 


770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


much greater depth, a shorter anal, shorter maxillary barbels, and a 
light, rather than a dark, lateral band. 7 

The type and one cotype were taken at Eten, Peru, in the Rio Eten. 
The type is 155 mm. in entire length and the cotype 110. The latter 
is deposited in the U.S. National Museum, Cat. No. 53472; the cotype 
in Stanford University Museum. 

I take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Theodore Gill. 


13. CETOPSIS OCCIDENTALIS Steindachner. 


Four specimens were taken at Guayaquil, the type locality of the 
species. They are from 16 to 26 em. in length. 

They agree very well with Dr. Steindachner’s description of the 
type specimen except that the teeth on the vomer are in a single row 
anteriorly, and a double row posteriorly. In the type specimen they 
are said to be in a double row anteriorly and a triple row posteriorly. 


Family PYGIDIIDZ. 
14. PYGIDIUM DISPAR Tschudi. 


A single specimen L8 cm. in length taken at Eten, Peru. 

Head contained 44 times in length without caudal; its width less 
than its length by nearly 2 diameters of eye, and its depth at occiput 
is half its length. Depth of body contained 6 times in length. Body 
slender, tapering but little to the wide, thin, caudal peduncle, the 
depth of which is contained 7} times in body length. Eye equidistant 
from tip of snout and edge of opercle; its length 34 in postorbital 
part of head, and 8 times in interocular space. Width of premaxillary 
tooth patch one-sixth of its length; that of mandible a little narrower. 
Lips, anda region a short distance behind lower lip, slightly papillose. 
Upper maxillary barbel reaching just past preopercle, but scarcely to 
gill opening. Nasal barbel of same length but much more slender. 
Spines on lower edge of preopercle unequal in size; the longest ones 
one-half diameter of eye. 

Dorsal with 12 rays, only 7 or which are branched; the others not 
evident until. skin is dissected away in front of branched rays. Anal 
with 9 rays, only 5 branched. Origin of dorsal behind middle of body 
a distance equal to length of dorsal base; its first ray just behind base 
of ventrals, and its last ray a little in front of first analray. Distance 
from base of last anal ray to base of median caudal rays equal to 
length of head. Upper pectoral ray produced in a fine filament 
slightly beyond other rays; its length equal to length of head behind 
posterior nasal opening. Ventrals reaching a little more than half the 
distance between their base and first anal ray. Caudal truncate when 
fin is spread, but when its rays are parallel its posterior edge is slightly 
concave. 


No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. rai 


_ Body covered with large, nearly round, dark-brown spots, as large, 
or usually much larger, than long diameter of eye. On head and 
caudal fin they are smaller; on ventral surface just behind gill open- 
ing they are nearly faded out, but still evident. Anteriorly they are 
more crowded than toward the tail. Frequently two or more of them 
run together and form oblong spots. 


_15. PYGIDIUM PUNCTULATUM Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Five specimens were collected at Callao. 1%. punctulatuim appears 
to differ from 7. dispar in little but color. It is thickly covered with 
~ small, dark-brown spots not over half as large as in the latter species 
and about twice as numerous. 

All of our specimens have one more branched ray in the dorsal, and 
the caudal peduncle scarcely so deep or compressed. 


16. PYGIDIUM RIVULATUM Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


A few half-grown specimens taken at Lake Titicaca agree very well 
_ with the description published by Eigenmann.“ 

The dorsal rays number 12, of which only 7 are branched and evi- 
dent without dissecting. The anal has 11 rays, 6 or 7 of which are 
' branched. The dark markings on the body have a decided purplish 
cast. 


Family ARGID i. 
17. ARGES SIMONSII Regan, 


There are four specimens of this species taken in the Peruvian Andes 
at an altitude of 7,200 feet. The label is so disintegrated that the 
exact locality can not be deciphered. The type locality (Huaras, Peru) 
is 10,700 feet in altitude. 

These specimens agree very well with the original description of 
the species. The teeth are incisor-like and with entire edges in the 
front of both jaws. There are 5 or 6 teeth in the outer series on each - 
side of the premaxillary and 4 or 5 on each side of the mandible. 
One specimen, a male, 75 mm. in length, is much deeper than the 
others, agreeing very well in this, as in other respects, with Regan’s 
plate. The depth is 5} in the length. The others, a male of about 
the same length and 2 females 90 mm. in length, have a depth of from 
63 to 7 in the length. There is no other essential difference between 
them. No spine was found in the adipose dorsal, though the skin was _ 
dissected away in this region in two specimens. There is no difference 
in the position of the ventrals between the sexes such as Evermann 
and Kendall report in Cyclopinin ceyclopum.° 


aCal. Acad. of Sci., Occasional papers, I, 1890, p. 332. 


> Proc@Biol. Soc. Wash., X VIII, p. 91. 


7792 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


The origin of the ventrals is directly under that of the dorsal. The 
tips of the ventrals reach from five-sixths to one-half of the distance 
from their base to the front of anal. 


Family ERYTHRINIDA. 
18. HOPLIAS MICROLEPIS (Giinther). 


Four specimens from Guayaquil do not differ to any appreciable 
extent from specimens from Panama. 

LH. microlepis differs from //. malabaricus only in having a greater 
number of scales. This difference, though slight, appears to be very 
constant. Only two specimens of the latter species collected at Breves 
and Moraj, Tocantins River, Brazil, are at hand for comparison. 

I. microlepis has 42 lateral line scales; 12 scales in a series running 
obliquely from base of ventral to base of dorsal; 13 series across back 
in front of dorsal from one lateral line to the other, not counting the 
pore-bearing scales or the few crowded scales in front of dorsal; 11 
series counting in the same way behind dorsal; and 16 or 17 in a median 
line from occiput to dorsal. 7. malabaricus has 38 lateral line scales; 
11 series from ventral to dorsal; 11 series across back in front of 
dorsal; 9 behind dorsal; 14 from occiput to dorsal. There may be a 
constant difference in number of dorsal rays. Our two specimens of 
IH. malabaricus have 15 dorsal rays, while //. mzcrolepis has 18 or 14, 
usually the latter number. 


Table of measurements of Hoplias microlepis and Hoplias malabaricus. 


| Hoplias 
SpeCies! 225 see seek ans soe ase tebe eek eee me aeons = eee Hoplias microlepis. | malabari- 

REE CP 
Thocallityscn20s fen ote we owe eee shea So paeeeeceens eae toners Panama. | Ecuador. Brazil. 

| 

Length without caudal, in millimeters.......:............... 210 | 215 210 | 151 
Head in hundredths:onlensthes----.ssce-. ose e nena ee nee 32 32 32 33 
IDYejo Hoe aE pan IC OSU SOT POL goat a Jusotog cee sos sa geteeee!: 23 | 22 21 23 
Diameter'ol ye... tS. 5-22 sh eos ssa conan sane sneer eee 4 4 43 i 
Width or interorbital'spacerpescssc-eeeee seo eee eenee eee 9 83 81) 9 
Length of maxillary =2s.ce -ishc-e ees sacs ame Ser eneee eres 17 16 16 17 
Ten Sth OL SMO WS 2% sertopstaiy- win se cia tee aoe emcee meee 9 8 8 gi 
Distance from tip of snout to base of dorsal .............-...- 50 51 Al 51 
Heng th-ofidorsal: base -aacccssceGar nes ceeeenecn ooce oe soeeeeee 17 19 18 19 
Leneth Of 1OurthiGorsal Tayo -nseek oceans ees oe emer ae aeons 17 18 17 17 
Lengthiolpectoralt..;-- ose asscect ase eee cee n eee 16 16 17 16 
Lenpth of ventral’. 2... 25. s..s'oe cee nee son ceeele ebeee eee meee V7 18 17 17 
Length oreaudal .<\....2ces 2.552 sae acne ee era ees 23 25 24 22 
Depth or caudal peduncle ess ss2 een ecn coe ee ee eee meee 15 14 14 14 


19. LEBIASINA BIMACULATA Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Specimens taken at Callao and Eten, Peru, and at Santa Rosa, 
Ecuador. The following description is drawn from the Eten speci- 
mens from 15 to 18 em. in length: 

Head, 34 to + in length to base of caudal; depth, 34 to 4. Eye, 6 
in head; snout, 4; interorbital space, 24; longest dorsal ray, 13; base 


me 


No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 772 


_of dorsal, 3; longest anal ray, 2; base of anal, 2; length of pectoral, 
_ 14; ventral, 1#; upper lobe of caudal, 14; depth of caudal peduncle, 2. 

Dorsal, 10; anal, 11; ventral, 8. Scales, 25. 

Front of head rounded in profile; fins all rounded; ventrals a little 
in advance of dorsal. 

Color of specimens that had been a short time in formalin: Scales 
on dorsal part of body tinged with yellow; 3 rows of orange yellow 
spots, one on each scale, extending along side of body. Pectoral fin 
with a little orange coloring; ventral, anal, and caudal bright orange 
red; the color more brilliant near edges of fins. A dark lateral band 
ending anteriorly in a dark spot just behind opercle, and posteriorly 
in a darker more conspicuous spot at base of caudal; these markings 
more conspicuous in the young. 

Some smaller specimens from Santa Rosa, Ecuador, differ in not 
having the small lateral spots, and in having a larger eye. 

In the plate published by Cuvier and Valenciennes,“ the dorsal is 
truncate across the ends of the rays, leaving the corners sharp. The 
dorsal should be broadly rounded and without angles. The caudal 
lobes are too sharp, and the lower jaw projects too much. 


Family CHARACINID i. 
20. CURIMATUS TROSCHELII (Giinther). 


A single specimen taken in the market at Guayaquil. It agrees 
very well with Doctor Giinther’s description of the type. 


21. PROCHILODUS CAUDIFASCIATUS, new species. 


Head, 22 in length to base of caudal; depth, 33. Eye, between eye- 
lids 7 in head; snout, 2; interorbital space, 2; third dorsal ray, 14; 
base of dorsal, 12; length of pectoral from base of first spine, 13; 
second anal ray, 13; base of anal, 24; depth of caudal peduncle, 2. 
Dorsal, 12; anal, 10; ventral, 9. Scales, 47. 

Eye with thin membranous eyelids; its anterior edge at the middle 
of the length of the head; the middle of the eye a little below the level 
of the angle of the mouth, and vertically equidistant from the dorsal 
and ventral outlines of head. Cavity beneath preorbital bone, into 
which maxillary elements retreat, fails to reach eye by a space half 
the diameter of eye. Maxillary elements forming a thick rounded 
projection beyond the mandible. When mouth is closed, its incision is 
directed obliquely in a line that if continued would extend through the 
center of eye. Teeth thin, small, and leaf like, in a single row at the 
outer edge of a thick spongy tissue that deeply covers the bones of the 
mouth; their edges outward toward edge of mouth. Near front of 
mouth on each jaw a single row of similar teeth curves inward and 


@ Hist. Nat. Poiss., pl. DLXxXxvu. 


7 


[Aas PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


backward, and, meeting its opposite fellow in a point directed down the 
throat, incloses a triangular area at front of mouth. The teeth of the 
inner row set transversely to those of the outer row. On the lower 
jaw the inclosed triangular area is much smaller than that in the upper 
jaw. Nostrils situated one diameter of eye in front of eye. 

Pectoral reaching to within three-fourths of a diameter of eye of 
base of ventrals. Origin of dorsal midway between tip of snout and 
one scale behind base of adipose dorsal. Fourth dorsal ray longest, 
forming the point of fin; each dorsal ray with a thin lateral dermal 
flap extending nearly its whole length. Adipose dorsal inserted mid- 
way between base of dorsal and tips of median caudal rays; its base 
very short; its tip extending twice its height beyond its base poste- 
riorly. Second anal ray the longest, 3 times the length of the last ray; 
posterior edge of anal somewhat lunate. Length of ventral equal to 
that of pectoral; its tip reaching a little more than two-thirds of the 
distance from base of its first ray to front of anal. : 


Fie. 5.—PROCHILODUS CAUDIFASCIATUS. 


Surface of scales finely granular; 15 in a median row from front 
of dorsal to occiput; 84 in an oblique row from front of dorsal to lat- 
eral line; 64 from front of anal to lateral line. 

Sides with alternate dark and silvery stripes following the rows of 
scales. Lateral line occupies a silvery stripe below which there are 
about + dark stripes fading into the silvery of the belly; about 5 dark 
stripes show above lateral line, and others are lost in dark color of 
back. Head dark to lower part of eye, silvery on sides below eye, 
and white on ventral surface. Maxillary elements dark; narrowly 
bordered with ‘white on lip. Dorsal with spots on the rays, which 
formabout 8 broken cross streaks. Caudal with several rather narrow 
dark cross streaks which posteriorly follow the edge of the forked 
caudal, but become more nearly vertical anteriorly; toward each edge 
of caudal some of the streaks fork and shorter streaks are introduced. 
No longitudinal median streak present on caudal. Anal very slightly 
tinged with dusky; ventral and vectoral colorless. 


RES A ESE eR EN I gh Og EE I SN wel ee OD FD we 


“ 


be 
No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 775 


This species may be known by the elongate form, in connection with 
the number of scales, the length of head, and the bars on caudal. The 
species having the caudal barred are all deeper. 

The type and only specimen is 32 cm. in entire length and was taken 
in the Rio Perené at Perené, Peru. It is deposited in the U. S. 
National Museum, Cat. No. 53473. 


22. LEPORINUS LESCHENAULTI Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Two specimens collected at the market at Guayaquil. These unlike 
the specimens described by Doctor Giinther“ agree very well in length 
of headand depth of body with the figure published by Cuvierand Valen- 
ciennes. They have 39 or 40 scales in the lateral line; the type is said 
to have 36. 


23. TETRAGONOPTERUS PERUANUS Muller and Troschel. 


Specimens were taken from Rio de Eten, at Eten, and at Payta, 
Peru. 

Head, 4 to 44 in length to base of caudal; depth, 24 to 2%; eye, 34 
in head; interorbital space, 23 to 2%; snout, 34 to 34; maxillary, 2; 
height of front of dorsal, 1 to 14; front of anal, 15 to 13; pectoral, 1} 
to 14; ventral, 13; caudal, 4 to 1. Dorsal, 10 or 11; anal, 28 to 30; 
scales, 36 to 39; transverse series, 7-+-1-+-7. 

Ventral outline of body forming a deeper curve than dorsal] outline. 
Nape straight or sometimes very slightly concave. Maxillary extend- 
ing past front of eye nearly to front of pupil. Gill rakers short and 
rather slender; the longest one-third of diameter of eye; 10 or 11 on 
lower limb of arch. 

Front of dorsal midway between base of caudal and tip of snout, or 
varying from this point to a point midway between base of caudal and 
anterior margin of eye. Origin of anal under base of sixth or seventh 
dorsal ray. Ventrals placed considerably in front of dorsal; their tips 
not reaching to front of anal. Pectoral scarcely reaching to base of 
ventral. 

A dark lateral band runs from upper part of gill opening to base of 
middle caudal rays, becoming broad behind middle of body, constricted 
on caudal peduncle, again expanding to a large dark spot at base of 
caudal, and continued to tips of median caudal rays. Anteriorly an 
indefinite spot, slightly lighter than the ground color, more or less 
completely separates a small portion of the lateral band from the main 
part. Specimens from Eten do not have the lateral band so. much 
expanded just behind middle of body and not so dark or conspicuous 
anteriorly as those from Payta. 


aCat. Fish Brit. Mus.. V., p. 307. 


776 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. "VOL. XXX. 


24. TETRAGONOPTERUS FEST Boulenger. 


A dozen specimens collected at Mirador, Ecuador, the longest the 
same length as Boulenger’s type, 65 mm. These differ from the origi- 
nal description in having a smaller eye as compared with the snout 
and head,a smaller average number of scales, and the lateral spots 
always conspicuous. Mr. C. Tate Regan has kindly compared one of 
these specimens with the typical specimens in the British Museum and 
has pronounced them to be identical. 

Head, 4 to 45 in length to base of caudal; depth, 24 to 3. Eye, 3 to 
31 in head; snout, + to 44; height of dorsal 1; height of front of anal, 
14; pectoral, 14. Dorsal, 10 or 11; anal, 34 or 35. Scales, 41 to 44; 
8 series above lateral line and 8 or 9 below. 

Body compressed and rather deep, somewhat angulated in front of 
dorsal; ventral! outline forming a more even curve than that of dorsal; 
only the larger specimens concave at nape. Breast transversely 
rounded in front of ventrals. Snout blunt; jaws equal, or the lower 
a little shorter. Teeth rather large, 4 on each side of lower jaw. 
Maxillary smooth on its anterior edge; scarcely reaching to anterior 
border of eye, but extending down nearly to opposite lower border or 
eye. Gill rakers slender; the longest one-third of eye; 10 to 12 on 
lower part of arch. 

Origin of dorsal midway between base of caudal and anterior border 
of eye. Tip of dorsal when depressed reaching to a point midway 
between base of last dorsal ray and base of auxilliary caudal rays. 
Front of anal under middle of dorsal; last anal ray extending a little 
past adipose dorsal. Posterior outline of anal shallowly concave. 
Pectoral reaching past base of ventral a distance equal to three-fourths 
diameter of eye. Ventrals barely reaching front of anal. 

Color dusky above, darker on top of head, sides and lower parts 
pale. A dark lateral band running from upper part of gill opening 
to base of median caudal rays, where it terminates in an expanded 
darker blotch, with sometimes a second, smaller, less conspicuous, 
blotch behind it on base of median caudal rays. The lateral band 
grows darker posteriorly and is bordered below by a very fine dark 
line. Traces remain of a narrow silvery lateral band directly below 
the dark band, Crossing the lateral band anteriorly are 2 large, con- 
spicuous, elliptical, or sometimes crescent-shaped spots, extending 
obliquely downward and forward; the posterior one above the tip of 
the pectoral, the other a little posterior to the base of the pectoral. A 
few pigment dots on posterior parts of dorsal, anal, and caudal; fins 
otherwise colorless. 

In the original description the eye is said to be twice the length of 
the snout, and contained 24 to 2% times in the head. The seales in 
the lateral line number from 44 to 47. The color as follows: Une 


NO. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. rir 


- Q n . ae a - 3 
bande argentée le long du corps, se terminant en une tache noire sur 
) Py © Te =] 7 van 5 4 
Ja queue, a la base de la caudale; en avant, sur la ligne latérale, deux 

_taches noires plus ou moins nettes; ces taches manquent parfois. 


25. TETRAGONOPTERUS RUTILUS Jenyns. 


A single specimen, 165 mm. in length, collected in the Rio Perené, 
on the east slope of the Andes in Peru, appears to be referable to this 
species. It differs from 7. peruanus in having the dorsal more ante- 
riorly placed. The front of the dorsal is midway between the tip of 
the snout and a distance behind the tip of the adipose dorsal equal to 
a diameter of the pupil. The anal is one diameter of the eye behind 
the base of the last dorsal ray, or nearly under the tip of the last dor- 
sal ray. The ventrals are two-thirds of a diameter of the eye in front 
of the dorsal. 

26. BRYCON ATRICAUDATUS Kner. 


Several specimens were taken at Payta and one at Eten, Peru. The 
longest 15 cm. in length. 

Head, 33 in length without caudal; depth 34. Eye, 44 in head; max- 
illary, 24; snout, 32; interorbital space, 4. Dorsal, 10 or 11; anal, 28 
or 29. Scales, 54 to 56; transverse series, 10+-1-+6. 

Lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye. 
Gill rakers slender, the longest two-fifths of diameter of eye; 15 on 
lower limb of arch. Origin of dorsal midway between nostril and 
base of caudal; one diameter of eye behind base of ventrals. Anal 
one-half of diameter of eye behind base of dorsal. Pectoral not quite 
reaching to base of ventral, which does not reach to front of anal. 
Caudal deeply forked. 

A dark, usually very definite humeral spot crosses the anterior end 
of lateral line, the greater part of its area above the line. An incon- 
spicuous blotch at base of caudal. 


Family STERNOPYGID. 
27. STERNOPYGUS AZQUILABIATUS (Humboldt). 


Several specimens collected at Guayaquil, the largest 53 em. in 
length. | 

Depth of body, five-sixths to seven-eighths of length of head to 
upper end of gill opening. Snout, contained 3 times in head; maxil- 
lary, 4 to 44 times. Eye (between adipose eyelids), 54 to 6 times in 
snout, 16 to 18 in length of head. Length of gill opening less than 
length of snout by 1 diameter of eye. Fine movable teeth with 
their tips only:slightly projecting beyond the spongy dermal tissue are 
set in broad bands on jaws; the upper band nearly straight and broadly 
rounded at its ends; one-third as broad as long; the lower band crescent- 


778 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXX, 


shaped, tapering to a point at its ends, and a little longer than upper 
band, though scarcely so broad. 

Head and body dark with small, round punctulations. A pale band 
beginning at a point midway between base of anal fin and lateral line, 
a little anterior to middle of body, follows the ventral outline of body 
to tip of tail; posteriorly it curves up and runs along the lower edge 
of lateral line. 


Family OPHICHTHYID&. 
28. OPHICHTHUS CALLAENSIS (Giinther). 


A specimen from Guayaquil is probably referable to this species 
though differing somewhat from the original description. The gape 
is contained 23 times in the head; the head is less than balf the length 
of the trunk; and the tail is 1 times the rest of the body. 

The type is described as having the gape one-third the length of the 
head; the head more than half the length of the trunk; and the tail 14 
times the rest of the body. 

Jordan and Davis“ report on specimens having the head as compared 
with the trunk similar to the specimen at hand. 


Family ELOPID. 
29. ELOPS SAURUS (Linnzus). 


Our specimen from Guayaquil. 


Family CLUPEID 2. 
30. POTAMALOSA NOTACANTHOIDES (Steindachner). 
Specimens taken at Callao, Peru. 
31. SARDINELLA FIMBRIATA (Kner and Steindachner). 


Specimens from Callao, Peru, agree very well with the original 
description. The dorsal isslightly in front of the middle of the length 
of the body to the base of the caudal; and the pectoral is from 1% to 
1} times in the head, not 2 times as originally described. 


32. ILISHA FURTHI (Steindachner). 


Four specimens collected at Guayaquil, Ecuador, from 22 to 24 em. 
in length. ‘These do not differ from specimens from Panama except 
that the depth is contained 3 times in the length to base of caudal. 
Panama specimens of this length are deeper, while those of this depth 
are larger. 


4 Report U. 8. Fish Commission, 1888, p. 634. 


No. 1468, FISHES. FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 779 


Family POECILITD 2. 


33- ORESTIAS PENTLANDI Valenciennes. 


' This species is the best represented of its genus in the collection. 
_ Sixteen specimens, from 18 to 20 cm. in length, were collected at Lake 
Titicaca. 

O. pentlandi is an elongate form like O. ewer’, but may be known 
at sight by the short head, the small mouth and eye, the more com- 
plete and smoother squamation of the anterior part of the body, and 
the slender caudal peduncle. The form of the head and body is more 
symmetrical than in any Ovestias here represented. The back is not 
elevated to a blunt ridge; the temporal region is not laterally pro- 
duced, and the anterior dorsal outline forms an unbroken curve to the 
tip of the snout. 

Head 34 to 4} in length to base of caudal. Gape of mouth from 
symphysis of premaxillaries to lower angle of mouth equal to diame- 
ter of eye; width of mouth between lower angles 13 to 14 times the 
diameter of eye. Interorbital space evenly arched; 2 to 2+ times the 
diameter of eye. 

Series of scales above middle of sides from 55 to 60; 16 or 17 rows 
between front of anal and front of dorsal. Side scaled toa level with 
lower pectoral ray or a little below. Area in front of pectoral 
usually naked, but sometimes with a few scales. Top of head back 
to behind eyes naked in some specimens, entirely scaled to slightly in 
front,of eyes in others, or with a few scattered scales in still others. 
A narrow suborbital region always naked; scales of cheek extending 
forward in varying degrees. 

Caudal peduncle narrow and less compressed than in any other 
Orestias in the collection, though there is a large individual variation 
in this respect. Width of caudal peduncle from 2 to 3 times in length 
of head. 

34. ORESTIAS CUVIERI Valencienne . 

Four specimens from 22 to 24 cm. in length from Lake Titicaca. 

This species has a larger more oblique mouth, larger teeth, and a 
longer head in proportion to the depth of the head, than any other 
species of Ovest/as here considered. 

Depth of head at occiput 14 to 2 in length of head. Leneth of gape 
from symphysis of premaxillaries to lower angle of mouth 3 to 5 
times greater than diameter of eye, and equal to width of mouth across 
its lower angles. Eye contained 1} to 15 times in distance from its 
anterior edge to mouth, or 2 times obliquely across top of snout to 
union of premaxillaries, and 14 times in interorbital space. 

Ventral surface naked below a line extending obliquely downward 
and backward from upper angle of gill opening to base of last anal 
ray, or sometimes to lower caudal rays, leaving a narrow naked area 


780 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


on lower side of caudal peduncle. A more or less continuous row of 
scales runs along the medium line of back, on each side of which is a 
naked area with or without scales scattered sparsely over it. Naked 
area may be continued over top of head, interrupted only by a few 
scales at occipital region, or top of head may be wholly covered with 
rough scales to opposite front of eyes. Side of head wholly naked 
except where scales irregularly cover upper half of opercle and small 
area on cheek behind eye. Region in front of pectoral naked. 


35. ORESTIAS AGASSIZII Valenciennes. 


Four specimens, from 150 to 165 mm. in length, were collected in 
Lake Titicaca at Chililaya, Bolivia. 

This species, in proportions of body, stands about midway between 
the elongate O. pentlandi and O. cuviert and the short O. albus and 
OJ luteus. 

I have little to add to the description published by Garman.¢ 
Mouth very small; gape from symphysis of premaxillaries to lower 
angle of mouth equal to long diameter of orbit; width of snout between 
lower angles of mouth from 14 to 1} times diameter of orbit. The 
picture published by Cuvier and Valenciennes shows an area in front 
of pectoral covered with scales. In three of our four specimens this 
area is entirely naked; in the other 2 or 3 scales remain and depres- 
sions indicate the former presence of other scales. It is probable that 
these scales are lost in the adult fish, as are those on top of snout. 
The head is contained 4 times in the length to base of caudal, not 44 
as in Garman’s specimens. 


36. ORESTIAS ALBUS Valenciennes. 


Six specimens from 148 to 155 mm. in length collected in Lake 
Titicaca. 

This species (at least of the size at hand) may be at once known by 
the naked area on the upper part of the side, in connection with the 
short body. 

Length of head, without projecting mandible, 23 to 24 in length to base 
of caudal. Depth of head at occiput 14 in length of head, and equal to 
width of head at opercles, or sometimes a very little less than width of 
head. Diameter of eye equal to its distance from mouth; 14 in snout 
measured obliquely over top of snout to union of premaxillaries; con- 
tained 1? to 14 times in interorbital space. 

Mouth vertical; lower end of gape below level of eye. A consider- 
able amount of variation is exhibited in the squamation. Usually 
there is a continuous single row of rough plates from the occiput to 
the dorsal, with a large naked area at each side of it. In some speci- 
mens, however, the dorsal plates are absent anteriorly and the lateral 


@Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XIX, No. 1, 1895, p. 150. 


NO. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 781 


_ naked areas are not separated from each other in this region. In one 
or two examples a few scales or plates are irregularly scattered over 
the lateral naked areas. Usually the naked areas extend back nearly 
to opposite front of dorsal, but in some cases it does not extend more 
than half that distance, and in others it is continued back along the 
whole base of dorsal. Uusually the side is scaled to a level of the 
lower pectoral ray, but sometimes the scales are absent below a line 
curved downward between the base of the upper pectoral ray and the 
front of anal. A triangular area of scales on cheek sometimes reaches 
forward to below front of eye and sometimes ceases below middle of 
eye; in either case the preorbital region may be entirely naked or with 
a few scattered plates. A few of the specimens show traces of scat- 
tered plates on the ventral surface, probably indicating their presence 
on smaller specimens. The region in front of pectoral is naked and 
nearly covered by the opercle. 


37- ORESTIAS LUTEUS Valenciennes. 


This species is represented by 6 specimens, from 122 to 142 mm. in 
length, taken in Lake Titicaca at Chililaya, Bolivia. It is at once 
known by the wide short head, having strong lateral angles. 

O. luteus has a much shorter head than (0. a/bus; head 3 to 34 times 
in length of body to base of caudal. The height of head is greater, 
though contained about the same number of times in the shorter head. 
Width of head nearly equal to length of head. The back is much 
more elevated than in (. a/bus, and there is a strong concave region 
at each side of back. The elevation of back makes the dorsal outline 
of head and nape more or less concave. Head as viewed from above 
much produced laterally at the temporal region, forming broadly 
rounded angles which taper quickly to the narrow scarcely produced 
snout. Mouth smaller than in 0. a/bus,; not quite vertical; lower end 
of gape scarcely extending below lower margin of eye. Scales more 
regularly placed and no naked area present on side of back; scales 
covering side more completely below; naked area of belly not reach- 
ing to level of lower pectoral ray. Opercle not extending so far over 
region in front of pectoral, which region is nearly always thickly 
covered with rough scales, though in one specimen it is naked. 


Family TYLOSURIDZ. 
38. TYLOSURUS JORDANI, new species. 


Head, 22 in length from tip of upper jaw to base of caudal. Depth 
at occiput, twice diameter of eye. Eye, 3} in postorbital part of head; 
interorbital space, 24 in same space. Eye and postorbital part of head 
contained 1% times in mandible, measuring fromeye. Dorsal, 13; anal. 
14. Scales, 240." 


(82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE. NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOE: XXX. 5 


Body as broad as deep; caudal pedune on very slightly compressed, 
hut appearing perfectly round; no caudal keel. Interorbital space 
slightly wider than eye, and flatter than in 7. scapularis. 'The longi- 
tudinal channel little evident, and behind eye scarcely sunk below gen- 
eral level of top of head. In the latter species (two specimens from 
Panama) the top of head bears a deep groove which extends back 
nearly to opposite middle of cheek, where it terminates rather abruptly. 
Scales on cheek much smaller than in 7) scapularis as shown in accom- 
panying figures; in 21 or 22 irregular rows counting longitudinally, 
and appearing scarcely more than half as large as in the latter species, 
which has about 15 irregular rows on cheek. 


Fie. 6.—TYLOSURUS JORDANI. 


Pectoral contained 14 ir. postorbital part of head. Ventrals inserted 
one diameter of eye nearer base of caudal than posterior margin of 
eye. Front of dorsal over base of fifth anal ray; tip of last anal 
reaching to below base of next to last dorsal ray. Caudal slightly 
lunate; the lobes rounded; lower lobe considerably longer than upper. 

Color as in 7. scapularis, but everywhere darker. Under parts 
little lighter than sides and back. Fins all dusky; a dark scapular 
spot present. No trace remains of a silvery lateral band, but occupy- 
ing the same region is a dark bluish band that is very indefinite. The 
specimen was preserved in formalin and if it had any silvery color it 
was destroyed. ee 


= Se : 


Fic. 7.—TYLOSURUS SCAPULARIS, 


This species is close to 7) scapularis Jordan and Gilbert, but differs 
in having smaller scales, particularly those on cheek, and scarcely any 
interorbital groove. From 7. fluviatilis (Regan) it differs in having 
fewer fin rays, more posterior insertion of the ventrals, and the inter- 
orbital space greater than the length of the eye. 7. fluviatilis has 15 
or 16 dorsal rays and 17 or 18 anal rays. 

The type and sole specimen is 37 em. in length and was collected at 
edie a Keuador. It is deposited in the U. S. National Museum, 

Cat. No. 53469. 

I take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. David Starr Tarde 
whose advice first made my study of ichthyology feasible, 


FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 733 


Family SYNGNATHID.A, 


39° SYNGNATHUS STARKSI (Jordan and Culver). 


A specimen from the river at Santa Rosa, Ecuador, differs from the 
typical specimens only in having the snout strongly curved wp and 
_ the dorsal situated about half a body ring more posteriorly. The 
~ number of rings and fin rays are the same. 


Family ATHERINID As. 
40. KIRTLANDIA PACHYLEPIS (Gunther). 
A single small specimen from Guayaquil, Meuador, 
41. BASILICHTHYS REGILLUS Abbott. 


Several specimens collected at Callao, the type locality of the spe 
cies. ‘They agree in all essential respects with the typical specimens, 
with which they have been compared. In the original description the 
statement ‘origin of first dorsal nearer snout than base of caudal by 
one-third length of head,” should read, nearer base of caudal than 
snout by one-third length of head. 


E 


Family MUGILIDU®. 
. 42. MUGIL CUREMA Cuvier and Valenciennes. 
Two specimens taken at Guayaquil, Hcuador. 
43- MUGIL HOSPES Jordan and Culver. 


A specimen from Guayaquil, Ecuador, agrees in all characters with 
specimens from Panama, and with the typical specimens from Mazat- 
lan. Like them it has in the mouth the parasitic crustacean. 


Family POLYNEMIDU. 
44. POLYDACTYLUS APPROXIMANS (Lay and Bennett). 


One moderate-sized specimen from Guayaquil, It and a specimen 
from Callao, Peru, that is in the Stanford University collections, have 
15 anal rays rather than 13 or 14, as in all of the specimens examined 
from Panama and Mexico. It is much darker than the northern speci- 
mens, but differs in no other respect. 


Family SCOMBRIDZ. 


ee ae ee ee 


45. SCOMBER JAPONICUS Houttuyn. 


Specimens from Callao, Peru. 


sik iii ie a 


784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


46. SARDA CHILENSIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


One specimen from Callao, Peru. 


Family CARANGID Zi. 
47. OLIGOPLITES MUNDUS Jordan and Starks. 


Two specimens collected at Guayaquil. One of them has but 16 
anal rays, though in other respects it differs in no way from specimens 
from Panama and Mexico. The usual number of anal rays is 19 or 20; 
one specimen from Panama has 18. 

Mr. C. Tate Regan, comparing specimens of QO. sa/iens with a speci- 
men of 0. mundus, reports them to be identical. His specimen of (. 
mundus can not be correctly identified, as these two species differ 
greatly. The maxillary of O. mundus is 17 or 18 hundredths of the 
length without caudal. In Bloch’s figure of the type of O. saliens the 
maxillary is only 12 hundredths, and a specimen of what is apparently 
O. saliens from Brazil, in the Stanford University collections, has a 
maxillary 14 hundredths. QO. mundus has the head from 25 to 265 
hundredths of the length, and the depth from 34 to 36 hundredths. 
Bloch’s figure shows O. saliens to have the head 22 and the depth 29 
hundredths, which agrees exactly with our Brazilian specimen of that 
species. 

Mr. Regan’s Pacific specimen may be (0. a/tus Giinther, as appar- 
ently that species is very close to, if not identical with, O. saliens. 


48. NEPTOMENUS CRASSUS, new species. 


Head, 3 to 3} in length to base of caudal (3% to 4 including caudal); 
depth, 33 (4). Eye, 5 to 54 in head; snout, 34 to 4; maxillary, 33; 
interorbital space, 3 to 3}. Dorsal, VII, I, 27; anal, II, 21; scales, 90 
above lateral line; 97 inlateral line. 

Ventral outline of body more deeply curved than dorsal; head rather 
wide and blunt. Snout as viewed from above wide and broadly 
rounded in front; its width in front of eyes a little greater than its 
length. Jaws equal; mouth rather oblique. Anterior end of maxil- 
lary slightly below a level with middle of eye; posterior end reaching 
to below front of eye or very slightly past. Maxillary not protractile; 
the skin continuous from upper lip to top of snout. Teeth very fine, 
in a single even row on jaws; the lower row shutting inside of the 
upper ‘‘like a box-lid,” as described for the related genus Cubiceps. 
No teeth on yvomer or palatines. Interorbital space broad and evenly 
convex. Top of head and snout of a rubber-like consistency and 
thickly set with small pores. Eye considerably above the middle of 
the height of the head (nearly in the middle in V. drama); a line 

drawn through the middle of the head longitudinallv passes slightly 


No. 1468, FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 785 


i” above the lower edge of the eye. Narrowest part of preorbital includ- 
_ ing eyelid one-half of diameter of pupil; the bone only one-fourth of 
‘, pupil. Posterior edge of preopercle concave; the lower edge and the 
~ angle broadly rounded. Gill rakers moderately slender; the longest 
 searcely one-half the diameter of eye; 15 of them on lower hae of 
march. 
Scales cycloid and regularly arranged; those of lateral line scarcely 
enlarged but raised to a slight ridge, especially on caudal peduncle. 
Thin scales present on cheeks and opercles; the rest of head naked. 
Spinous dorsal low; closing into a groove; the longest spine not 
~ exceeding diameter of eye in length. Soft dorsal and anal highest in 
front; the longest rays equal to length of snout. Anal spines very 
small and not separated from the soft rays; the first spine directly 
under middle of soft dorsal. Soft dorsal and anal coterminous; the 
- distance from base of dorsal to upper caudal rays 1? times the diameter 
. of eye. Pectoral reaching to above front of anal; its length a little 


Fic, 8, —NEPTOMENUS CRASSUS. 


re. << 


_ less than that of head. Ventrals adnate to the belly; their tips reach- 


m2 
+ 


ing halfway from their base to the middle of vent. Caudal deeply 
forked. 

Color, dusky above; black on top of head; sides and lower parts 
silvery. Sides of head, and particularly mandible, set with small points 
of dark brown. Vertical fins dusky; the dorsals darker than anal; pec- 
toral slightly dusky; darker on inner surface; axil dark brown. 

This species agrees with V. drama in number of fin rays and scales, 
but if current descriptions of the latter are dependable it is a more 
slender species, with a larger head, and with the eye above the middle 
of the height of the head. : 

(iinther describes the type as having the depth 34 in the total length, 
and the head 44. He evidently includes the caudal in his measure- 
~ ments, as his specimen was 14% inches in total length and 43 inches 

deep. 

The type, however, was a stuffed specimen, and these measurements 
could not be depended upon did not a description by Hutton (presum- 
ably from fresh or alcoholic specimens) agree very well on these points 
Prog, . Mi. -vol. xxx—06——-50 


786 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


with the description of the type: Depth, 2% in length, without caudal; 
head, 3%. 

This is apparently the first record of the occurrence of this genus out- 
side of Australian seas. 

Two specimens of about the same length were taken at Callao, Peru. 
The type is 34 cm. in length, and is deposited in the U. 8. National 
Museum, Cat. No. 53465. The cotype is in Stanford University 
museum. 

49. CARANX HIPPOS (Linnezus) 


A specimen from Guayaquil. 
50. VOMER SETIPINNIS (Mitchill). 
One specimen from Callao. 
51. SELENE VOMER (Linnzus). 
Two specimens from Guayaquil. 
52. TRACHINOTUS KENNEDYI Steindachner. 


Two specimens from Guayaquil differ from specimens from Panama 
only in color. The body is black above and dark on sides with small 
punctulations. The lobe of the dorsal is black and the other fins are 
very dark, except the ventrals, which are dusky. The maxillary and 
side of the head are dark. Panama specimens are bright silvery, and 
slightly dusky above. The dorsal is dusky and the other fins very 
slightky dusky except the ventrals, which are white. The side of the 
head and maxillary are silvery. 


53. TRACHINOTUS PALOMA Jordan and Starks. 


A specimen from Callao, 267 mm. in length without caudal, has a 
smaller eye (6% in head) than a specimen from Panama, but is not oth- 
erwise essentially different. 

In comparing this species with 7. carolina, specimens of nearly the 
same size should be selected. In the original description of. this 
species the head was alleged to be larger than in 7. carolina. 
Gilbert and Starks in comparing specimens of about the same size 
found no difference in this respect, though the species was found to 
be well distinguished by other characters.“ In comparing the speci- 
men at hand with a large specimen of 7) carol/na, 345 mm. in length 
without caudal, the head is shorter, being 44 in length in 7. paloma, 
and 3% in 7?) carolina.’ 


Family CENTROPOMID 2. 


54. OXYLABRAXK ARMATUS (Gill). 


Three small specimens from Guayaquil. 
yaq 


aMem. Cal. Acad. of Sci., IV, 1904, p. 84. 


2 


yo.1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 787 


Family SERRANID_®. 
55-5 PARALABRAX HUMERALIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes), 


Numerous specimens were collected at Callao, Peru, from 10 to 35 
em. in length. The young of 10 or 12cm. in length have 7 cross bars. 
composed of small dark-brown spots scattered over a dusky ground 
color. These are regular in form and position on lower half of sides, 
but on middle of sides a longitudinal band more or less interrupts them, 
and their upper ends are more indefinite and do not always coincide in 
position with their lower ends. A dusky band runs downward from 
eye obliquely across cheek. The soft dorsal, anal, and caudal have 
round brown spots scattered over them. On specimens 15 cm. in 
length all of these markings are indistinct, and on large specimens 
they are altogether lost. A white spot is usually present on the back, 
between the lateral line and base of dorsal, opposite the notch between 
dorsals, both in young and adult examples. 


56. PARALABRAX CALLAENSIS, new species. 


Plate LXV, fig. 2. 


> 


Head, 23 in length to base of caudal; depth, 34. Eye, 5% in head; 

maxillary, 22; snout, 33; interorbital space (bone), 5%. Dorsal, X, 
14; anal, III, 7. Scales in 84 series above lateral line; pores in lateral 
line, 67; 15 scales in a series running downward and backward from 
front of dorsal to lateral line; 34 in a series running upward and 
backward from front of anal to lateral line. 
_ Lower jaw strongly projecting. Some of the teeth in jaws slightly 
enlarged and recurved, but not canine-like. Maxillary reaching a little 
past middle of eye, scarcely to posterior edge of pupil. Widest part 
of maxillary three-fifths of diameter of eye. Edge of preopercle close- 
set with small, sharp, even, spinules scarcely enlarged at the angle. 
The bony part of interorbital space flat. Gill rakers slender, the 
longest three-fifths of diameter of eye; 12+-21linnumber. Top of head 
bearing scales anteriorly to nostrils. Snout, preorbital, maxillary, 
and mandible naked. 

Third dorsal spine longest; from its tip to tip of seventh spine the 
outline of fin is somewhat concave. The first spine is half the length 
of the second, and the second is contained 2} times in the third; the 
third spine is half the length of head; the last 3 spines subequal in 
length and contained 4 times in head. Pectoral broad, truncate at tip, 
and broadly rounded below; its length 1? in head; reaching past tips 
of ventrals, but not to vent. Second and third: anal spines subequal 
in length; the third reaching a little past tip of second when fin is 
reclined. Anal yays much higher than those of soft dorsal; tips of 


} 


788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. "VOL. XXX. 


last rays not reaching so far back as those of soft dorsal. Caudal fin 
shallowly lunate. 

Back and sides with wavy dark brown spots nearly as wide as pupil, 
running irregularly horizontal or sometimes slightly oblique. These 
are but little broken up on sides, but on base of caudal and on back 
below anterior part of spinous dorsal they break up into round spots 
separated by narrow interspaces. Lower part of head with stripes 
similar to those on body, but clearer cut at the edges. Lateral line 
running in a light streak much broken up by the wavy streaks cross- 
ing it. A white spot on back between lateral line and base of dorsal 
opposite the dorsal notch as in Paralabrax humeralis and Paralabrax 
albomaculatus. Upper parts of head dark brown; a few indistinct 
small round lighter spots on snout and preorbital region. Lower parts 
of head and body dusky. Spinous dorsal slightly dusky; a dark bar 
behind third spine, and a fainter one behind fourth. Soft dorsal mot- 
tled with dark brown. Anal and ventrals dusky, darker toward tips 
of rays. A dark spot in front of base of pectoral, separated from a 
crescentric bar of dark brown on base of pectoral rays by a narrow 
light bar. 

The general pattern of coloration resembles very much that of 
Mycteroperca boulengeri, and serves at once to distinguish this species 
from others of its genus. 

The type and sole specimen is 247 mm. in entire length, and was 
taken at Callao, Peru. It is deposited in the U. 5. National Museum, 
Cat. No. 53471. 


Family LUTIANID ZA. 
57- LUTIANUS ARGENTIVENTRIS (Peters). 


Three specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador. 


Family HAMULIDZ. 
58. ANISOTREMUS PACIFICI (Ginther). 


One specimen from Guayaquil, Ecuador, does not differ from speci- 
mens from Panama. 


59. ANISOTREMUS SCAPULARIS (Tschudi). 


Three small specimens taken at Callao, Peru. A specimen 40 em: 
in length, in the Stanford University collections, retains the black 
axillary spot and the spots at the last dorsal and anal rays. The preo- 
percle is no less sharply denticulated than in small specimens. Speci- 
mens from the Galapagos Islands and Cocos Islandare darker in color, 
and have lost the posterior dorsal and anal spots. 


789 


x 
x 
es 
5 
a) 
| 
~_ 
ge 
a 
ay 
= 
(Bes 
RS 
ie) 
Q 
N 
=) 
So 
Q 
= 
= 
& 
DN 
=: 
z 
q 


60. ISACIA CONCEPTIONIS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


in entire length to base of caudal 34 


containec 
The eye in head 54 to 5$ times. 


is 
percle is straight, or but little concave. 


a 


Two specimens from Callao, Peru, in length 233 and 290 mm. respee- 
The head 1 


tively. 
times. 


The vertical limb of the preo- 


r 


The mandible is a little 


thicker toward the tip than in /. venusta, and projects slightly more. 


This character is somewhat more marked in the larger specimens (here 


drawn) than in the other. 


specimens 
black above and very dark on sides. 


The 


at hand are everywhere 


darker than in /. venusta, being 


9.—ISACIA CONCEPTIONIS. 


lia. 10.—ISACIA VENUSTA. 


ISACIA VENUSTA, new species. 


61. 


Tsacia conceptionis Anporr, Proc. Acad. of Sci. Phil., 1899, 


5 
b) 
. 
. 


Se Bs 
ae Tae 
2 i ii 
—_ 
es HR Om 
, Hon, 2.2 
Site) SSE 
oo S 1 SI 6 
oo — 
ROC ION [iia mee 
Riese sn = 
oH ao & 
Coase ag 
oom £6 
em SB 
oF of — 
OywNoOS 
Ke) ia! seas 
se Ss eet aay 
—a Ho & 6 
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= pemaripartepie ase 
Soot ees 
CP See 
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S72 y ee 
Saat! = (616% 
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(lorem make ben 
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CH ey oye 
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sH OD ~ 


Maxillary scarcely reach 


Teeth in rather broad villiform bands, 


hen mouth is closed. 


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(ab) 
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| 


790 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. XXX, 


which grow narrower on sides of jaws; the outer row of teeth a little © 
enlarged; no teeth on yomer or palatines. Interorbital space evenly — 
curved from eyesand unbroken by ridges. Vertical, limb of preopercle 
concave; the edges with small weak spines partly hidden by the skin, 
and not enlarged at the angle. The longest gill rakers nearly half as 
long as eye; 22 or 23 of them on the anterior limb of arch. 

Scales ctenoid; snout, mandible, maxillary, and the greater part of 
preorbital naked. Dorsal and anal naked; a very slight scaly sheath 
at the base of each; that of anal a little the better developed. Ven- 
trals, pectorals, and caudal with a few scales on base; fine scales run- } 
ning nearly to the tips of caudal rays. 

Pectoral 1,'; to 14 in the length of head; reaching to a point midway 
between tips of ventrals and front of anal. Third and fourth dorsal 
spines equal and the highest; their length 25 to 24 in head; behind 
these the spines gradually and uniformly decrease in length to the soft 
dorsal. Base of soft dorsal from 14 to 2 in head. The anterior or 
longest rays of soft dorsal equal in length to those of anal and a little 
greater than the diameter of eye. The anal ends slightly in front of 
the soft dorsal. Ventrals reaching halfway from their base to front 
of anal. Caudal forked; the upper lobe a little longer than lower. 

Color greenish gray on back; sides and belly silvery, overlaid with 
dusky shades. The scales on sides have a darker border, and faint 
traces of longitudinal streaks follow the rows of scales. Base of pec-— 
toral with a dark spot above on both sides of fin; axil dusky; inner — 
surface of fin usually darker than outer surface. Ventrals dark, and — 
growing darker toward their tips. Dorsals dusky; the spinous dorsal 
sometimes black; the rays of soft dorsal and anal similar, growing | 
darker toward tips. . 

This species differs from /sacia conceptionis in having a larger eye, — 
a longer head, the lower jaw a little thinner at the tip and slightly 
less projecting, and the vertical limb of the preopercle more concave. — 
The color is everywhere lighter in the specimens at hand, though the 
markings are the same. 

In the description given by Abbott (quoted above) the measurement — 
given for the length of the head is incorrect. It is 2,% in entire — 
length to base of caudal in his smaller specimen and 3,5 in his larger ; 
one. Cuvier and Valenciennes say that the length of the head of /sacea — 
conceptionis is less than the depth. It is constantly greater than the | 


—s 


ont 


depth in /sacva venusta, and slightly less, or equal to the depth in our 
specimens of the former species. ; 

Four specimens collected at Callao, Peru. Besides these there are in 
the Stanford University collections two specimens from the same locality 
collected by Admiral Beardslee. The specimens range from 175 to 
250 mm. in length. A specimen 220 mm., colleeted by Mr. Simons, 
is selected as the type. -It is Cat. No. 53467, in the U.S. National 
Museum. Other specimens are in Stanford University museum. 


NO. 1468. FISHES FROM-ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. T91 


62. POMADASIS BURRO, new species. 
Plate LXV, -fig..3. 


Head, 22 to 24 in length to base of caudal; depth, 25. Eye, 5 to 53 
in head; snout, 25; maxillary, 34 to 34; interorbital space, +4; fourth 
dorsal spine, 3 to 34; second anal spine, 22. Dorsal, XI, I, 13; anal, 
III, 8. Scales, 47. 

Upper anterior profile concave above eyes; that of snout straight 
and long. Edge of preopercle without trace of serrations; opercle 
with a broad dermal flap. Maxillary reaching to or slightly behind 
the vertical from anterior nostril. Lips thick and spongy; lower jaw 
a little projecting. Gill rakers rather thick, one-fourth of diameter 
of eye; 15 developed on anterior limb of arch. 

Pectoral reaching to opposite vent; ventrals three-fourths or dis- 
tance from their base to vent. Second anal spine a little shorter than 
soft rays, near its tip it tapers quickly to a point that is not very acute. 

This species has the general characters of 2. macracanthus, but 
differs in having no serrations on edge of preopercle, in having shorter 
dorsal spines, a slightly shorter and much more slender second anal 
spine, and the head and maxillary longer. 

We have numerous specimens of 2. macracanthus from Mexico and 
Panama in the Stanford University collections for comparison; the 
largest equal in size to the larger specimen of 7%. burro. All of them 
have the preopercle sharply denticulated, the large ones showing no 
decrease in the size or sharpness of the denticulations. . 

Two specimens were collected at Guayaquil, 26 and 31 cm. in length. 
The larger one is the type and is Cat. No. 53468, U. 5. National 
Museum. The cotype is in Stanford University museum. 

Burro, the vernacular name in Central and South America of differ- 
ent species of Pomaduasis. They make a noise when caught resembling 
the noise made by a ‘* burro” or donkey. 


Table of measurements in hundredths of length. 


| 
SAIYE(GIG EN ee Bae See ne ee oo een EBSD or ep a rmeese hee inicio | Pomadasis macracanthus. 
- . | Mazat- Guinan 
Toareeh Alig we bag aie Se ae ee ae ge ae Guayaquil. | Panama.| lan, Moricoe! 

2 | Mexico. Se ne 
Length in millimeters to base of caudal.......-. 215 260 | 214 -| 258 299 200 
Length of head in hundredths..-............-.--- 42 | 41 37 | 37 37 | 38 
ONO MNOU Vases: Set er es. este saws eee ess 37 38 | 38 36 35 36 
Men mii GnsnOUlse. sent soe eect Sa Geshe meee 14 | 14 12 14 | 14 14 
SIME VET OL CVC 2s a en eo esis elale wre be as 'nre te See 8 3 7k 7 7 | 7 
racer puter ownickpliee se ee ee | 9 9 82 82) 83] gL 
en SthkOtmmaxallaty «so. coh cause thee eeeccs| 123) 123 11 103) 11 11 
ength of fourth dorsal spine... 2....\.....2...<.-: | 15 14 17 18 17 18 
enfin ot second anal spines... 2-.5-i5.0----.- | 163) 15 | 18 18 | 17 17 
ene imotpectorall<-- es. sce- 2 - owt ccs ese ee | 29 30 | 33 | 28 | 9 28 
Penethwaventialectecs. sss. seeks oe Seta os ee 22 22 21 | 22 21 21 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. i 


4 
ee) 
bo 


Family GERRID 2. 
63. EUCINOSTOMUS CALIFORNIENSIS (Gill). 


Two specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador, 


64. GERRES PERUVIANUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Several specimens were taken at Guayaquil, differing from speci- 
mens from Panama only in being darker in color. 


Family KYPHOSID. 


65. DOYDIXODON LA:VIFRONS (Tschudi). 
Plate LXVI, fig. 2. 


A single specimen from Molendo, Peru, 27 cm. in length. 

This species may be known from /). freminviller” by the produced 
anterior rays of the soft dorsal forming an angle, which when depressed 
reaches to the tip of the last dorsal ray. The fourth ray is the longest 
and forms the tip of the angle, behind which the posterior margin of 
the fin is strongly concave. 

In LD. freminvilled (specimens from the Galapagos Islands in the 
Stanford University collections) the soft dorsal is not angulated; the 
tip of the fourth ray is opposite the beginning of the last two-fifths or 
one-third of the base of the fin. The fin is usually rounded and every- 
where convex as shown in the accompanying figure, but its margin 
may sometimes form a sigmoid curve, convex in front and concave 
behind, and nowhere angulated except at tip of last ray. The latter 
condition is shown in Valenciennes’ plate,’ and in the largest of our 
specimens, +45 cm. in length, but the fourth ray is little if any longer 
than when the fin is everywhere convex. This condition is probably 
developed with age. 

The anterior rays of the anal of D. devifrons are longer than in the 
other species, making the posterior margin of the fin more oblique. 

Perhaps a greater difference than these is shown in the size of the 
teeth, which in )). devifrons are nearly twice as large as in D). fre- 
minvillec, and are in fewer rows. In the former species they are in 5 
oblique series, on the mandible, running downward and inward toward 
the symphysis. In D. freminvilled they are in 9 oblique series. 

The dorsal of our specimen of 2. devifrons has 15 rays. Of the 16 
specimens of )). freminville? counted, 10 of them have 17 rays, 4 have 
18 rays, and 2 have 16 rays. This is opposite to the condition alleged 
to exist. Tschudi counts 18 rays in the type of D. dewfrons from 


aPlate LX VI, fig. 1. bVoyage Venus, pl. v. 


NO. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 798 


Freminvillec from the Galapagos. The plate published by Valen- 
ciennes, however, proves our Galapagos specimens to be D. fremin- 
ville by the teeth and shape of the dorsal. 


Family SCLANID®. 
66. ARCHOSCION ANALIS (Jenyns). 
A specimen collected at Callao, Peru, the type locality of the species. 
67. CYNOSCION ALBUS (Giunther). 


A small specimen from Guayaquil, agreeing well with Panama 
specimens. 
68. BAIRDIELLA CHRYSOLEUCA (Giinther). 


Three specimens from Guayaquil differ slightly from specimens 
from Panama. The anal rays are 7 in one specimen and 8 in the other 
two (9 in Panama specimens). There is a considerably longer distance 
between the tips of the anal rays and the base of the caudal in the 
former specimen, and a slightly longer distance between these points 
in the other two than in the specimens from Panama. As usual, the 
Guayaquil specimens are much darker. No other difference is appre- 
ciable, however, and these differences will probably be found to fall 
within the range of variation of the species. 


69. BAIRDIELLA ENSIFERA (Jordan and Gilbert). 


A couple of specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador, differ from Panama 
specimens only in being darker. 


7o. STELLIFER MINOR (Tschudi). 


A single specimen collected at Callao, Peru. The head in this species 
is far less cavernous than in other members of the genus Ste//7fer. 


71. SCIZZENA FASCIATA (Tschudi). 


One small specimen 15 cm. in length from Callao, Peru. 

Head, 3 in length to base of caudal (3% with caudal); depth, 2% (33). 
Hye, 44 in head, scarcely shorter than snout; interorbital space, 32: 
maxillary, 34. Dorsal, X, I, 25; anal, I], 9. Scales in lateral line, 51. 

Body very deep and compressed; the snout blunt and scarcely pro- 
jecting over the mouth. Maxillary reaching a little past middle of 
eye. Mouthslightly oblique; lips papillose. Teeth fine, in bands, the 
outer series only slightly enlarged. Border of preopercle with very 
small membranous serre. Gill rakers very small; only 7 developed 
on lower limb of arch. 

Seales exceedingly sharply ctenoid, each with a broad border of 
sharp, fine corrugations which involves nearly the whole surface of the 
scale; each corrugation ending in a fine point. Tip of snout and 


ew] 
\- 
- 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


mandible naked. bower half of soft dorsal closely covered with fine 
scales forming a rather thick sheath. 

Third dorsal spine the longest, its length 2% in head; the succeeding 
spines decrease rapidly in length, making Te fin tr paeune Pectoral 
short, 14 in head, scarcely extending to tips of tonne which reach 
two-thirds e distance from their base to front of anal. Second anal 
spine stout, but not over three-fourths the length of first anal ray; 
length of second spine 3 in head. Tips of all rays reach to below 
base of last dorsal ray. Caudal slightly S-shaped, the upper lobe the 
longer; tip of lower angle rounded. 

Color dark on sides and back; lower parts dirty silvery. A con-— 
spicuous, rather narrow, light band runs downward and_ slightly 
obliquely backward from between the dorsals nearly to vent. A sim- 
ilar short band runs from middle of soft dorsal, but does not reach to 
lateral line. The operele ends in a broad flap, which is coal black 
much as in some of the centrarchoid fishes. The fins are all black. 


72. SCIZENA DELICIOSA (Tschudi). 


This is the best represented Scizenoid fish in the collection. Many 
specimens were collected at Callao, and one at Molendo, Peru. 

Head, 2% to 3 in length to base of caudal; Hopi 31 to 32. Eye, 
5+ to 6 in head; interorbital space, 34; ae oe 34 to 4; maxillary, 3. 
Dorsal, IX or X, 1, 22 or 23; anal, Il, 10. Scales, 50 (pores). 

Upper anterior profile forming an even curve from nape to snout. 
Snout projecting beyond tip of mandibile in a variable degree as in 
related species, or from $ to 1 diameter of pupil. Viewed laterally its 
profile usually forms a semicircle, but in one or two specimens it-is a 
little angulated at the tip. Gill rakers scarcely as long as diameter of 
pupil; 6+ 12 or 13 in number. 

The fourth dorsal spine the highest, 2% in head. The last spine of 
first dorsal is half as long as the spine of the second dorsal, and is 
attached to it by a membrane. Tip of pectoral reaching 1 diameter 
of eye past notch between dorsals. Ventrals reaching one-half of 
distance from their base to front of anal. Tip of anal reaching to 
below base of last dorsal ray. Caudal lunate. 

Color dusky on back, growing silvery on sides. Rather faint, dark 
lines following the rows of scales; axil dark. 


73. SCIZZNA GILBERTI, new species. 
Plate LX VI, fig. 3. 


Head, 32¢ to 31 in length to base of caudal; (4 to 3% in entire 
le eet) depth, 3a to 84. Eye, 9$ to 11 in head; interorbital space, 


a The measurement appearing first is At the smaller of our two specimens; where 
only one measurement is given the specimens do not differ. 


No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU-STARKS. j 795 


Pi 34 to 34; snout, 4; maxillary, 24. Dorsal, X, I, 24 to X, I, 21: anal. 
ell, 40. Seales, 66; counting subvertical series there are 10 scales 
& from front of dorsal to lateral line, and 13 from front of anal to lateral 
5 line. 
& Anterior profile gently curved a short distance in front of dorsal, 
_ thence appearing perfectly straight to near tip of snout, where it awain 
3 slightly curves downward. Head very broad, with a broad evenly 
- curved interorbital space, 3 to 34 times the diameter of eye. Jaws 
nearly even in small specimen; the lower included in the large one. 
Small teeth in 2 or 3 irregular rows in upper jaw, with an outer series 
of much enlarged ones; the length of the latter equal to diameter of 
anterior nostril. A row of similar enlarged teeth on lower jaw, and 
an irregular row of smaller teeth outside of them, fitting close against 
them. No canines present. Maxillary reaching to a little past ante- 
rior border of eye. Anterior nostril small and round; the posterior 3 
times as long as wide. Gill rakers 3 or 4+ 10; the longest three- 
fourths diameter of eye. Edge of preopercle with rather sharp 
denticles somewhat enlarged toward angle. 
; Pectoral short; equal in length to ventral; 2; in head. Third, 
fourth, and fifth dorsal spines highest, equal to combined length of 
snout and eye; tip of third reaching to base of eighth when fin is 
depressed. The membrane of the next to the last spine scarcely 
reaches to the base of the last spine, which is a trifle longer than the 
_ former, and is attached by a membrane to the soft rays. Base of soft 
dorsal seven-eighths length of head; its highest rays equal to snout 
and half eye. Anal spines rather weak, but not flexible; the second 
spine half the length of the first ray, which is scarcely so long as the 
' second ray; tip of longest ray reaching to tip of last ray when fin is 
depressed, or to under base of last dorsal ray. Caudal lunate, the mid- 
dle rays 2 in head, the upper rays 14 in the smaller specimen. In the 
larger specimen the caudal is much more deeply lunate, the upper lobe 
longer and sharper than the lower; extending 13 times diameter of 
" eye past middle rays. Scales ctenoid; the entire head, except the tip 
of mandible, and lips covered with irregular scales. Dorsal and anal 
fins naked except a narrow definite area at extreme base. Pectoral 
with a few scales on base. Caudal with small scales on membrane 
extending considerably over half the distance from base to tips of rays; 
a series of small scales carrying lateral line to edge of caudal. 
. Color dusky on top of head and back, becoming silvery below. 
_ Dark lines follow the rows of scales on back and sides. . These are 
scarcely noticeable on the smaller specimen, and not very conspicuous 
on the larger. Dorsals dusky; caudal and pectoral slightly dusky; 
anal with a very little dusky color on membrane; ventrals white; 
inside of opercle dusky. 


NR at OK. 


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96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


This species differs from S. wreneri Sauvage in haying the length 
of head greater than the depth, and longer as compared with the entire 
length; the snout shorter as compared with the interorbital space; the 
eye smaller; the caudal lunate, and the scales larger. Our smaller 
specimen approaches S. wienert in size of eye and shape of caudal 
more nearly than our larger one, though the specimen from which 
Sauvage drew his description was considerably larger than our large 
one. 

The following, extracted from Sauvage’s description, will show the 
degree of difference between these two species: Depth equal to length 
of head, which is contained 4% in total length. Snout equal to inter- 
orbital space. Eye, 2in snout; 7f in head. Caudal, truncate. Lateral 
line, 85. Length, 57 cm. 

Two specimens were collected at Callao, Peru, respectively 30 and 
45 cm. in length. The latter is the type. It is deposited in the 
U.S. National Museum, Cat. No. 53464. 

The cotype is in Stanford University museum. 

| take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. C. H. Gilbert, to 
whom I owe the best of my ichthyological training. 


74. POLYCLEMUS PERUANUS Steindachner. 


A single specimen from Callao, Peru, agrees very well with Doctor 
Steindachner’s description of the type. 

Head equals depth, 32 in length without caudal. Eye 6% in head; 
interorbital space, 23; snout, 3%; maxillary, 33; longest dorsal spine, 
2; second anal spine, 4; longest soft anal ray, 2. Dorsal, X, I, 23; 
anal, I], 8. Scales of lateral line, 55. 

This specimen does not show the dusky cross bands described by 
Jordan and Eigenmann from cotypes of the species in the Museum of 
Comparative Zoology.“ 

They describe the snout as being 43 in length of head; and the eye 
42, The specimen at hand agrees better with Doctor Steindachner’s 
description (Schneuzenliinge nicht ganz 4 mal; Augendiameter bei 
erwachsenen individuen nahezu 6 mal). ‘*Caudal fin slightly lunate 
or S-shaped”’ does not adequately describe its shape. The lower half 
of the fin is obliquely truncate, the upper half lunate, thus leaving the 
fin angulated at the middle rays, which are as long as the angulated 
upper lobe. 

75. MICROPOGON ALTIPINNIS Giinther. 


A small specimen was collected at Guayaquil, Ecuador, which agrees 
in all essential characters with specimens from Panama. In compar- 
ing this species directly with J/. ectens Jordan and Gilbert, it can be 
known at once by the enlarged scales on the side behind the pectoral 


a Rept. U.S. Fish Comm., 1886, p. 415. 
» Jordan and Eigenmann, Rept. U. 8. Fish Comm., 1886. 


it ae 


No. 1468. FISHES FROM HCUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 197 


and below the lateral line. There are three more scales countine the 
subvertical series between the median line of belly and lateral lina in 
M. altipinnés than in I. ectens though the difference appears greater 
than the actual count indicates. 

The occurrence of JZ. ectens at Panama may here be recorded. There 
is a specimen of this species in the Stanford University collections 
taken at Panama by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, 
which has hitherto been identified with JZ. a/tipennis. It agrees in all 
respects with specimens of the former species from Mazatlan, Mexico. 


‘ : 
76. CHILODACTYLUS VARIEGATUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Several specimens were collected at Callao. They all have the dorsal 
spines 17 in number, not 16 as recorded in the original description. 
The soft dorsal has from 29 to 31 rays, and the anal 9 or 10. The 
swollen lower rays of the pectoral number 6 (7 in original descrip- 
tion), and extend from } to 1 diameter of the pupil beyond the 
branched rays. The gill rakers are rather slender, and number 12 
or 13 on lower limb of arch. 


Family CICHLID. 
77. ZEQUIDENS RIVULATUS (Giinther). 


Several specimens taken at the market in Guayaquil and one at 
Eten, Peru. The longest 16 cm. in length. 

Head, 24 to 2% in length to base of caudal; depth, 24. Eye, 33 to 4 
in head in specimens from 7 to 9 cm. in length; 4 to 43 in specimens 
from 11 to 16 cm. in length; maxillary, 3 to 34; snout, 24 to 24. 
Dorsal, XIV (occasionally XIII), 10 or 11; anal, III, 8 or 9. Scales, 
26 or 27; 3 between front of dorsal and lateral line, 7 between front of 
anal and upper part of lateral line. Gill rakers, 3-78 or 9. 

Small specimens up to 10 cm. in length have the anterior profile of 
head straight or slightly convex; large specimens, from 14 to 16 cm. 
in length usually have it slightly concave. Interorbital space increas- 
ing in width and growing more nearly flat with age; in large speci- 
mens its width is contained 23 times in head; in small specimens 3 
times. Length of dorsal and anal rays increasing with age; the longest 
ones 1 to 14 in head in large specimens, and reaching past middle of 
caudal rays; 1§ in small specimens and not reaching to middle of cau- 
dal rays. Small specimens have the dark lateral spot much more con- 
spicuous, and the dark lines radiating from eye to snout and across 
cheek much less conspicuous. They have narrow cross bars which 
are scarcely to be seen on specimens 13 em. in length, and not at all 
on larger ones. * These are placed as follows: One at base of caudal 
rays; one across caudal peduncle just behind soft dorsal; one under 
middle of soft dorsal; one just’behind lateral spot; one just in front 


798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


of lateral spot; sometimes a faint trace of one under fourth or fifth 
dorsal spine. Body and fins of large specimens darker than in small - 
ones, and more or less conspicuous, broken, longitudinal stripes follow 
the rows of scales on sides. The specimen from Eten, Peru, differs — 
from the others in having the lower part of the head coal black up to 
a level with the mouth. 


Family POMACENTRID 2. 
78. CHROMIS CRUSMA Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Two specimens from Callao, Peru. 


Family EPHIPPIDZ. 
79. CHAXETODIPTERUS ZONATUS (Girard). 
One specimen from Guayaquil, Ecuador. 
80. PARAPSETTUS PANAMENSIS Steindachner. 


Three specimens from Guayaquil differ from specimens from Panama 
only in being everywhere much darker. 


Family BALISTID. 
81. BALISTES NAUFRAGIUM Jordan and Starks. 


Six specimens from 15 to 17 cm. in length were obtained at Guaya- 
quil, Ecuador. They agree in number of scales, fin rays, and propor- 
tions with specimens from Panama, but are much rougher. The first 
dorsal spine is more thickly set with spinules, making it thicker. The 
soft fin rays are constantly 26 in the dorsal and 24 in the anal. 2. 
adspersus Tschudi, as described, has 24 rays in the dorsal and 20 in the 
anal, besides differing in depth, coloration, and minor characters. In 
these small specimensof 2. naufragium and in specimens from Panama 
of » similar size the eyes are connected across the interorbital space 
by two narrow dark bars; one between the posterior orbital margins 
and one somewhat behind the anterior margins. 


Family TETRAODONTID#. 
82. SPHEROIDES FURTHI (Steindachner). 


Four specimens + to 9 em. in length from Guayaquil, Ecuador, seem 
to be referable to this species. It may be distinguished from other 
west coast species of this genus by the large eye as compared with the 
interorbital space and length of snout. 

Head, 24 to 3 in length to base of caudal. Eye, 3% to 4 in head; 
interorbital space (bone) equal to eye; snout, 24 to 24. Dorsal, 83. 
anal, 7. 


No. 1468. FISHES FROM ECUADOR AND PERU—STARKS. 799 
eee 

Body short and stout; snout rather steep and slightly concave in pro- 
file. Prickles sharpand rather closely set on back from between front 
of eyes to within half a diameter of eye of dorsal. Patch of prickles 
on ventral st face covering a larger area; extending from a little in 
front of eyes to vent, sending a triangular area up between eye and 
- gill opening nearly to dorsal patch; not extending above lower rays of 
pectoral on side of body. Entire side otherwise naked: no prickles on 
body behind vent. Caudal slightly lunate; the angles sharp. 

Color dark brown on back and upper part of sides; mottled on sides 
by spots and bars running irregularly more or less obliquely. No 
color on area of prickles on ventral surface. The very small specimens 
show slightly the crossbars on back described by Steindachner in the 
original description. _ Base of pectoral dusky, but no dark band is 
present as described. Fins without markings. 


Family GOBITD. 
83. PHILYPNUS LATERALIS Gill. 


Two specimens obtained at Guayaquil, Ecuador, and one at Eten, 
Peru; the largest 23 cm. in length. 

The coloration of these specimens is scarcely so brilliant as in speci- 
mens of P. dormitator from the West Indies, though the contrary 
condition is alleged to exist. The scales number from 54 to 56, and 
the anal has constantly 11 rays. 


84. ELEOTRIS PICTA Kner and Steindachner. 


Two large specimens were preserved from Guayaquil. They are 
black or very dark brown on upper parts and aclearer slightly lighter 
brown below, but with no white anywhere. The usual flecks of white 
on ventral partis so conspicuous in specimens from more northern 
localities, are at these only slightly lighter than the surrounding color 
and not noticeable. The fins are all black mottled with light gray, 
and the spinous dorsal has a light border. They do not otherwise 
differ from specimens from Lower California. 


85. MAPO SOPORATOR (Cuvier and Valenciennes. ) 
Specimens from Payta, Peru; and Guayaquil, Ecuador. 
86. GOBIONELLUS SAGITTULA (Ginther). 


Four small specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador. They do not differ 

: tae > . { . Se 3 aa 
from specimens from the coast of Mexico, and San Diego, ( alifornia, 
except in having the middle rays of the caudal a little longer. 


Family MALACANTHIDE. 


87. CAULOLATILUS PRINCEPS (Jenyns). 


Four specimens from Callao, Peru. 


800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


Family BATRACHOIDID. 
88. BATRACHOIDES PACIFICI (Gunther). 
Specimens from Guayaquil, Ecuador. 


Family BLENNIIDA. 
89. LABRISOMUS PHILIPPI (Steindachner). 


Six specimens from Callao have the fin formule as follows: Dorsal, 
XIX, 13; anal, IJ, 19 in four specimens; dorsal, XIX, 12; anal, 
II, 19 in one specimen; dorsal, XVIII, 13; anal, I1, 18 in one speci- 
men. There is considerable discrepancy between our specimens and 
the original description in the size of the eye. The type was nearly 
L0 inches long and the eye was said to be 43 in head, and 1} in snout. 
In our specimens from 10 to 12 inches long the eye is from 6 to 6% 
in head, and from 2 to 24 in snout. In a specimen 7 inches long the 
eye is 54 in head and 14 in snout. 

In some specimens light-blue spots and reticulations remain on the 
side of the head below the eye in addition to the dark-brown spots. 


90. HYPLEUROCHILUS PAYTENSIS (Steindachner). 

.Two specimens were taken from rock pools at Payta, Peru, the type 
locality. They have 20 anal rays (one less than described for the type) 
and 17 and 15 dorsal rays, respectively (the type had 17). 

Family PLEURONECTID2. 
gt. PARALICHTHYS ADSPERSUS (Steindachner). 
One large specimen from Callao, Peru. 
gz. CITHARICHTHYS GILBERTI Jenkins and Evermann. 


One specimen from Guayaquil is very dark brown in color but other- 
wise not different from specimens from Panama. 

The scales on the eyed side of this species might better be described 
as finely ctenoid than ciliated. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXV 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


i Bs 


PARALABRAX CALLAENSIS. 


. RHAMDIA GILLI. 
. POMADASIS BURRO. 


1 
2 
3 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXVI 


Li 

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1. DOYDIXODON FREMINVILLEI. 
2. DOYDIXODON LA-VIFRONS. 
3. SCIANA GILBERTI. 


NOTES ON BIRDS FROM GERMAN AND BRITISH EAST 
AFRICA. 


By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, 


Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture. 


Since the publication of the catalogue of birds collected by Dr. 
W. L. Abbott in the vicinity of Mount Kilimanjaro,“ considerable 
material from neighboring regions has been examined, which throws 
light on some of the species involved. Besides U. S. National Museum 
specimens, there were a number from Mombasa, British East Africa, 
made available in the present connection through the kindness of Dr. 
W. J. Holland, director of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburg, Pennsyl- 
vania, who has also obligingly permitted the inclusion here of notes on a 
number of interesting species not represented in Doctor Abbott's col- 
lection; and the writer’s thanks are due him for this and other courte- 
sies. For purposes of convenient collation, references to Doctor 
Holland’s paper on Mombasa birds? are given under most of the species 
treated. 

Family GQ2DICNEMID 4. 
GEDICNEMUS VERMICULATUS VERMICULATUS Cabanis. 


Oedicnemus vermiculatus CABANIs, Journ. f. Ornith., 1868, p. 413 (Hast Africa). 
A single specimen from Mombasa, recorded by Doctor Holland as 
Edicnemus capensis,’ belongs undoubtedly to O. vermiculatus. It is 
a female in worn plumage, and is of interest from this northern local- 
ity, even though previously reported from the same place. 


Family COLU MBID 4. 
TURTUR SEMITORQUATUS INTERMEDIUS Erlanger. 
Turtur semitorquatus intermedius ERLANGER, Journ. f. Ornith., 1905, p. 124 (Roba- 
Schalo, lake region of southern Shoa, southern Abyssinia). 
A specimen from Mombasa‘ is identical with others from Tayeta and 
Mount Kilimanjaro, and belongs apparently to this form. 


«Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, pp. 828-936. 
bAnn. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, pp. 453-463. 

¢Idem, p. 453. 

@Turtur semitorquatus Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., ITT, 1905, p. 454. 


== . 
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXX—No. 1469. 
Proce. N. M. vol. xxx—06——51 801 


802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. a 


TURTUR CAPICOLA TROPICUS Reichenow. 
Turtur capicola tropica ReicuENow, Ornith. Monatsber., 1902, p. 139 (East Africa). 


An example from Mombasa, recorded by Doctor Holland as Turtur 
capicola damarensis,“ agrees with birds from the Kilimanjaro region 
in typically exhibiting the characters of Zurtur c. tropicus. 


CHALCOPELIA CHALCOSPILA ACANTHINA Oberholser. 


Chalcopelia chalcospila acanthina OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 
1905, p. 845 (Mount Kilimanjaro, German East Africa). 
A specimem from Mombasa? is typical of the recently described 
northeastern race Chalcopelia chalcospila acanthina, agreeing per- 
fectly with the type from Mount Kilimanjaro. 


Family PICID. 
CAMPETHERA ABINGONI MOMBASSICA (Fischer and Reichenow). 


Picus (Campothera) mombassicus Fiscuer and ReicHEeNnow, Journ. f. Ornith., 
1884, p. 262 (Mombasa, British Kast Africa). 

An adult male from Mombasa exhibits the characters of this sub- 
species and shows it to be one of the most distinct of the races of 
Caumpethera abingoni. 

The four forms, chrysura, abingoni, suahelica, and mombassica, 
have been considered by Doctor Reichenow subspecies of Campethera 
chrysura,’ but as C. abingoni® was the earliest of these races to be 
described it should furnish the specific term, and the birds be called 

Campethera abingont abingont (Smith). 

Campethera abingoni chrysura (Swainson). 

Campethera ubingoni suahelica (Reichenow). 

Campethera abingont mombassica (Fischer and Reichenow). 


CAMPETHERA NUBICA PALLIDA (Reichenow). 
Dendromus nubicus var. pallida Reicurnow, Vigel Afrikas, 11, 1903, p. 179 
(Mpapua, German East Africa; and Barawa, Italian Somali Land). 
An adult male from Mombasa ¢ differs from Kilimanjaro and Taveta 
specimens in its paler colors, and agrees with Doctor Reichenow’s diag- 
nosis of pad/ida, indicating that this is a distinguishable race. 


«Ann. Carnegie Mus., III., 1905, p. 454. 

» Chalcopelia chalcospila Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 454. 

¢ Dendromus chrysurus Swainson, Birds West Afr., 11, 1837, p. 158 (Senegal). 

 Chrysoptilus abingoni Smith, Rep. Exped. Explor. Cent. Afr., Append., 1836 
p. 53 (Port Natal). 

¢ Dendromus nubicus Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 456. 


iio 


NO. 1469. EAST AFRICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 803 


DENDROPICOS GUINEENSIS MASSAICUS Neumann. 


Dendropicus guineensis massaicus Neumann, Journ. f. Ornith., 1900, p. 206 
(Ndalalani, Nguruman Lake, Masai Land, German East Africa) 


A specimen from Mombasa recorded by Doctor Holland as Dendro- 
picos hartlaubi is just like our Taveta specimens, and is further evi- 
dence of the propriety of recognizing this subspecies of Dendropicos 
Juineensis. 

. Family INDICATORID 2. 
MELIGNOTHES MINOR DIADEMATUS (Riippell). 
Indicator diadematus Riirpreut, Neue Wirb. Faun, Abyss., Vogel, 1835, p. 61 
(wooded region of Abyssinia). 

Specimens from Mombasa recorded by Doctor Holland as Jndicator 
minor” agree with the Kilimanjaro bird, and show that JZ m. diade- 
matus is the form occurring at that locality. As with most of the 
honey-guides, there is much individual variation in d/adematus, but 
this does not vitiate the characters of the race. It is of valuable inter- 
est to note that Riippell discovered the mistake he made when deserib- 
ing /ndicator diadematus, and that after comparing his bird with a 
specimen of ménor from the Cape of.Good Hope he declared them 
identical. ’ 


MELIGNOTHES EXILIS MELIPHILUS Oberholser. 


Melignothes exilis meliphilus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVIII, 1905, 
p. 869. (Taveta, British East Africa). 

In a paper appearing in the July issue of the Journal fitr Ornitho- 
logie,“ and received since my paper was published, Erlanger states 
that /ndicator minor teitensis Neumann“ is a subspecies of ea//7s, not, as 
Doctor Reichenow intimates,’ of m/nor. If this proves to be the case, 
I have probably redescribed Melignothes exilis teitensis (Neumann) as 
Melignothes extlis meliphilus, and the name te/tens’s of course should be 
used for this race; if not, the forms of Jelignothes stand as given in 
my previous paper.’ The status of the other members of the genus 
is not affected by this change. 


«Ann. Carnegie Mus., ILI, 1905, p. 456. 

bNeue Wirb. Faun. Abyss., Vogel, 1835, p. 85; see also Oberholser, Proce. U.S. 
Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 868. 

¢ Journ. f. Ornith., July, 1905, pp. 464-467. 

4Tdem, 1900, p. 195 (Bura, Teita, British Kast Africa). 

¢ Vogel Afrikas, II, 1902, p. 112. 

J Prog U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, pp. 868-874. 


S04 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


Family CORACTIDK. 
EURYSTOMUS AFER SUAHELICUS Neumann. 
Kurystomus afer suahelicus NeuMANN, Journ, f. Ornith., 1905, p. 186 (Tschara, 
Tana River, British East Africa). 
One of the Mombasa specimens recorded by Doctor Holland® has 
been examined. It is apparently typical of the eastern race recently 
separated by Mr. Neumann.’ 


Family MEROPID. 


MEROPS SUPERCILIOSUS SUPERCILIOSUS Linnezus. 
Merops superciliosus Linn.xus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 183 (Madagascar). 
Two specimens from Mombasa are apparently typical J/. swpercdlio- 
sus, and show little or no approach to Jerops superciliosus donaldsoni 
of Somali Land.° 
Family PLOCEIDZ. 
AMBLYOSPIZA ALBIFRONS ATHIOPICA Neumann. 
Amblyospiza aethiopica NeumMANN, Ornith. Monatsber., 1902, p. 9 (Omo River, 
Malo, Abyssinia). 
Two specimens from Mombasa examined belong to this race rather 
than to Amblyospiza albifrons albifrons to which they have been 
referred by Doctor Holland.” 


HYPHANTORNIS AUREOFLAVUS (Smith). 


Ploceus aureoflavus Smira, Il. Zool. 8S. Afr., Aves, 1839, text to pl. xxx, fig. 1 
(Sierra Leone! [locality erroneous ?]). 

Three specimens of this species from Taveta, British East Africa, 
were inadvertently referred by the present writer’ to yphantornis 
bojeri. In addition to other characters, //yphantornis aureoflavus may 
he distinguished from //. bojeré in nearly all plumages by the less | 
golden—more greenish—shade of both upper and lower parts. 


Family PYCNONOTID. 
PYCNONOTUS LAYARDI MICRUS Oberholser. 


Pycnonotus layardi micrus OBERHOLSER, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, 
p. 891 (Taveta, British East Africa). 
Examples from Mombasa” bear out the characters originally assigned 
to this race. 


« Hurystomus afer Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 457. 

» Eurystomus afer suahelicus NeuMANN, Journ. f. Ornith., 1905, p. 186. 

¢ Merops superciliosus donaldsoni: Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVII, 1904, 
p. 737 (Bar Madu, Ganana River, Somali Land). 

@Ann. Carnegie Mus., ITT, 1905, p. 460. 

eProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 877. 

J Pycnonotus layardi Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 461. 


No. 1469. EAST AFRICAN BIRDS--OBERHOLSER. 805 


Family TIMALIID®. 
BESSONORNIS SUBRUFESCENS INTERCEDENS Cabanis. 


Bessonornis intercedens OCaBanis, Journ. f. Ornith., 1878, pp. 205, 218 (Kitui, 
Ukamba, British East Africa). as 
A single adult male collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott at 5,000 feet 
altitude on Mount Kilimanjaro, July 22, 1888, was recently recorded 
as Cossypha heuglind intermedia.“ The present opportunity of com- 
paring it with a series of true Bessonorn is (= Cossypha) heuglini inter- 
media” from Mombasa shows that it belongs to the other species (2. 
rufescens) which differs from 2B. heuglin7 in its darker and slate-col- 
ored instead of olive-brown upper surface; blackish middle tail- 
feathers, and less extensive white superciliary stripes that do not 
meet across the forehead as in heuglin’. The original description of 
Bessonornis subrufescens’ was based on specimens from Caconda, 
Angola, and therefore represents the West African form, from which 
the Lessornis intercedens of Cabanis” seems to differ sufficiently in 
its smaller size and less blackish tail-feathers to stand as a subspecies. 
Our attention has been called by Mr. W. E. C. Todd to the fact 
that Cossypha,’ the name in common use for the present genus, is 
preoccupied in entomology (Coleoptera) by Cossyphus Fabricius;! it 
therefore will have to give way to Bessonornis Smith.4 


Family SYLVIIDZ. 


CISTICOLA HYPOXANTHA Hartlaub. 


Cisticola hypoxantha Harriaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 624 (Magungo, 
northeastern end of Lake Albert Nyanza, British East Africa). 

This species, based upon a single immature specimen, has hitherto 
been almost uniformly synonymized with C%sticola rufa, notwith- 
standing its widely separated range. Four specimens, however, col- 
lected by Mr. Doherty at Mombasa, and recorded by Doctor Holland’ 
as ‘ Oisticola aff. rufee (2), sp. nov. (4) vel. ruse subspecies,” prove 
beyond much doubt that it is quite distinct, differing from C7sticola 
rufa of western Africa in its less uniform upper surface, the pileum 


@QOberholser, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 894. 

b Bessornis intermedia Cabanis, von der Decken’s Reisen, ITI, 1869, Pt. 1, p. 22, 
pl. x1r (coast of East Africa). 

¢ Cossypha subrufescens Bocage, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 456. 

d Journ. f. Ornith., 1878, p. 205. 

eVigors, Zool. Journ., II, 1826, p. 396 (type, Turdus vociferans Swainson= Musci- 
capa bicolor Sparrman). 

f Ent. Syst., I, wt. 2, 1792, p. 97. 

gRep. Exped. Explor. Cent. Africa, App., 1836, p. 46 (misprinted Dessonornis ; 
type Dessonornis humeralis Smith ). 

h Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 462. 


806 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


being much more rufescent than the back and like it streaked with 
darker brown or blackish; in its lack of a perceptible superciliary 
stripe; much paler buffy breast, sides, and flanks; white, or at most 
only pale buffy lower tail-coverts; and buffy white instead of rufous 
inner margins of the wing-quills. It probably ranges over most if not 
all of British East Africa. 

The adult of this species, which appears to have been hitherto 
unknown, may be described as follows: 

Male, Cat. No. 8136, Carnegie Museum; Mombasa, British Kast 
Africa, September or October, 1900; William Doherty. Pileum and 
cervix mummy brown, the feathers of the former with darker cen- 
ters; back, scapulars, and rump hair brown, rufescent anteriorly, the 
feathers, except on the rump, with dark brown shaft streaks; upper 
tail-coverts mummy brown; tail bistre brown, the middle pair of 
rectrices with an obsolete subterminal band of darker, the remaining 
ones with more or less extensive grayish or buffy tips and blackish 
subterminal bars; wings fuscous, the secondary coverts and tertials 
broadly margined with hair brown, more rufescent on the greater 
coverts; the primary coverts, primaries, and secondaries edged exter- 
ternally with rufescent bistre brown; lores, a narrow eye ring, cheeks, 
and auriculars buff, the last mixed with pale brownish; sides of neck 
brown like the nape, but considerably lighter; chin, middle of throat 
and abdomen, with lower tail-coverts, creamy white; remainder of 
under parts cream buff, deeper on sides and flanks; lining of wing 
pale cream buff; inner margins of wing-quills dull buffy whitish. 

The immature bird, on which the original description of melano- 
wantha was based, and of which there are two specimens in the Doherty 
collection, differs from the adult in being almost uniformly pale yel- 
lowish below, and more uniform dull rufescent or yellowish brown on 
the upper parts, the pileum scarcely more rufescent than the back. 

Measurements of this species are given below. 


| Exposed | 


Sex and age. Locality. Date. Wing. | Tail. culmen. Tarsus, 
| mm. mm. | mm. mm. 
Female adult.....- Mombasa, British East | September or Oc- 43.5 34.5 10.5 18.0 
Africa. tober, 1900. 

DOr cosas seen Gos: best eee [aaa Go: 652422 sce] 44.0 2.0 | 9.5 17.0 
Male juvenile ..... eee GO? 2. 8ee sceeceeeeee | erage cat GO'. scc2ee seuss 47.5 41.0 | 9.5 17.0 
Female juvenile ..)..... GO. see eek cece ca aees dO ws canteens 44.0 38.0 8.5 17.5 

Average... }oc.c- Scat ae Nee ee eae eed 44.8] 36.4 9.5 17.4 


one 


No. 1469. EAST AFRICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 807 


SYLVIETTA WHYTII JACKSONI Sharpe. 
Sylviella jacksoni SHarpr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VII, 1897, p. vii (Kamassia 
British East Africa). 
_ Avsingle specimen from Mombasa, recorded by Doctor Holland as 
- Sylviella micrura,” is identical with the example collected by Doctor 
Abbott at Taveta, and substantiates our remarks concerning the status 
of Sylvietta whytii gacksoni .° 
PRINIA MISTACEA Riippell. 
Prinia mistacea RiiprEvt, Neue Wirb. Faun. Abyss., Vogel, 1835, p. 110 (Gondar, 
Abyssinia ). 

_ Immature birds of this exceedingly variable species differ consider- 
_ ably from the adults in their paler upper surface, more rufescent wing 
_ margins, and pale bills, this last a characteristic of both male and 
_ female, as is shown by two specimens from Mombasa.° 


Family MUSCICAPID%. 
BATIS SENEGALENSIS ORIENTALIS (Heuglin). 


Platystira orientalis Huei, Ornith. Nordost-Afr., I, 1871, p. 449 (Abyssinia). 

A specimen from Mombasa” is typical of this form. 
PLATYSTEIRA CRYPTOLEUCA Oberholser. 
Platysteira cryptoleuca OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVIII, 1905, p. 915 
(Useri River, plains of Mount Kilimanjaro, British East Africa). 

_ Specimens from Mombasa, recorded by Doctor Holland as /%aty- 
_steira peltata,’ agree with the type of cryptoleuca in having the large 

concealed patch of white on the nape, but both male and female some- 
times have concealed white spots on the rump, from which it appears 
‘that their absence is not constantly diagnostic of cryptoleuca, as 


supposed. 


av 'Sr 


TCHITREA FERRETI Guerin. 


Tchitrea ferreti Guirtn, Rey. Zool., 1843, p. 162 (Abyssinia). 
Examination of considerable additional material since the publica- 
tion of my previous notes on 7¢hitrea suahelical seems to throw light 
on the relationships of Zchitrea suahelica, T. perspicillata, and 7, 


_ viridis (= T. cristata Authors). 


« Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 463. 

bProc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 906. 

¢These are numbers 8131 and 8132, Carnegie Museum, which were inadvertently 
recorded by Doctor Holland (Ann. Carnegie Mus., ITT, 1905, p. 462) under ‘‘Cisti- 
— cola aff. rufee.”’ 

d Batis senegalensis Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., ITT, 1905, p. 458. 

Ann. Carnegie Mus,, III, 1905, p. 458. 

f Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, p. 915. 


808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


There seems to be little doubt that the birds from Abyssinia and 
other parts of northeastern Africa, which represent Tchitrea ferreti 
Guérin,® are identical with those from East Africa which Doctor 
Reichenow has called 7! swahelica;” and the proper name for both is 
therefore 7chitrea ferreti Guérin. Mr. Oscar Neumann in a recent 
connection“ has revived this name for the Abyssinian bird, which he 
found to differ from the west African 7. wiridis, and of which he 
made it a subspecies, but he appears to be unacquainted with Reiche- 
now’s 7. suahelica, or at least not to have suspected its relationship to 
T. ferreti. 

The present study has but confirmed the opinion previously ex- 
pressed“ that 7chitrea ferret (i. e., Tchitrea suahelica) is a perfectly 
distinct species, although in some respects intermediate between 7: 
perspicillata and T. viridis, or, as it might possibly be more accurately 
stated, combining their characters. In its chestnut-backed plumage, 
of all stages except the very young, and even before the long central 
tail-feathers appear, it differs from Zchitrea perspicillata in its more 
blackish wing-quills; black primary coverts and outermost secondary 
coverts; broad white instead of rufous edgings to the exterior webs 
of most of the primaries, secondaries, primary coverts, and outer 
secondary coverts; more bluish head and upper throat; less purely 
white lining of wings, and less whitish abdomen. In its white plum- 
age, to which there seems to be no corresponding stage in 7. perspi- 
cillata, it of course differs additionally by reason of its white back and 
tail. From 7chitrea viridis of western Africa it may readily be dis- 
tinguished in rufous-backed plumage, by the white or at most very 
pale rufous lower tail-coverts; much less uniform lower surface, the 
abdomen being much paler—on the anal region sometimes even 
whitish—and the metallic bluish of the throat less extended posteriorly ; 
grayish or rufescent white instead of plain slate-colored lining of wings, 
including axillars; and more extensive white margins of the wing- 
quills and coverts. In the white-backed plumage, however, these 
two species are, like some of the oriental forms of this genus, much 
more difficult to distinguish, but 7: ferrete may be identified by its 
paler abdomen, less posterior extension of the metallic blue of the 
throat, white lower tail-coverts, more whitish lining of wing, and 
rather broader and more extensive white margins of the wing-quills 
and coverts, although it must be said that all of these characters, 
excepting the first two, are to some extent uncertain. 

So far as 7chitrea perspicillata is concerned with 7. viridis, there is 
comparatively little real need for comparison, as it differs much more 


«Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 162. 
» Terpsiphone .perspicillata suahelica Reichenow, Werth. Mittl. Hochl. deutsch. 
Ost-Afr., 1898, p. 275. 
¢ Journ. f. Ornith., 1905, pp. 211-218. 
4 Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X X VIII, 1905, p. 915. 


ae 


No. 1469, EAST AFRICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 8:9 


than from 7. ferreti, or than even does the latter from 7 viridis. 
However, from 7. viridis in rufous-backed stage, 7. perspicillata may 
readily be distinguished by its brown instead of black wing-quills: 
uniform rufous wing without white edgings or black coverts: exten- 
sively white lining of wing; whitish abdomen; white under tail-coverts: 
paler breast; and more greenish metallic shade of head and throat. 
which color is less extended posteriorly on the lower surface. 

The geographical distribution of these three species is about as fol- 
lows: 

Tchitrea perspicillata (Swainson).—Southeastern Africa, north to 
near the Zambesi River. 

Tehitrea ferreti Guérin (= Tchitrea perspicillata suahelica |Reich- 
enow]).—KHastern and northeastern Africa, from the Zambesi River 
to Abyssinia and Somali Land. 

Tchitrea viridis (Miller) (= Tchitrea cristata |Gmelin]|).—West- 
ern Africa, from Senegambia to Gabun. 


Family LANITD2®. 
POMATORHYNCHUS SENEGALUS ARMENUS, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Pomatorhynchus senegalus senegalus in size 
and general color, but upper parts more rufescent, the anterior portion 
of the superciliary stripe tinged with ochraceous instead of being pure 
white; lower surface more washed with buffy. 

Description.—Type, adult male, No. 118,148 U.S.N.M.; Plains of 
Taveta, British East Africa, June 28, 1888; Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
Pileum, lores, and postocular streak black; superciliary stripe ochra- 
ceous buff, paler anteriorly; upper and lower eyelids white; cheeks 
buffy whitish; auriculars and sides of neck tawny clay color; cervix, 
back, and scapulars reddish chestnut, the last with broad brownish 
black centers; rump and upper tail-coverts hair brown; middle tail- 
feathers broccoli brown, numerously and narrowly barred with darker 
brown; remaining rectrices black, with broad white tips which increase 
in size on the outer feathers, the two outermost also narrowly margined 
with whitish on the distal portion of their outer webs; wing-quills 
fuscous, broadly edged externally with ferruginous, the tertials also 
bordered on both webs with a lighter shade of the same; superior 
wing-coverts ferruginous, the greater series with narrow shaft mark- 
ings of blackish; ventral surface white; washed with buffy, particularly 
on the lower tail-coverts; the breast, sides, and flanks more or less 
shaded with grayish; edge of wing white; lining of wing and inner 
edges of wing-quills basally tawny. 

Two of the specimens on which the description of this form is based 
were recently recorded as Pomatorhynchus senegalus s¢ negalus,” Wut 


9 


a Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, p. 925. 


810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


the comparison of further material shows that the bird from South 
Africa and most of East Africa differs subspecifically from that of west- 
ern and northwestern Africa, as above set forth. Apparently this 
southern race has hitherto received no name that can be used for it, since 
all the synonyms of the species are otherwise applicable. The original 
Lanius senegalus” was of course based onthe bird from Senegal; Zandus 
erythropterus Shaw,” in so far as it relates to the present species, is from 
the same region, as indicated by the description and part of the syn- 
onymy cited, i. e., ‘‘La Pie-Griéche rousse a téte noire du Sénégal” of 
Daubenton,’ although it is evident that Shaw had confused the two 
species Pomatorhynchus senegalus and Pomatorhynchus tschagra ; 
Tchagra senegalensis Lesson“ is also from Senegal; and Lanéus coro- 
natus Vieillot “ from an unknown locality is evidently applicable to the 
same form; while the Pomatorhynchus orientalis of Cabanis,/ from 
Mombasa, is subspecifically different from both senegalus and the pres- 
ent race, as shown below. 

Measurements of Pomatorhynchus senegalus armenus are as follows: 


2 se 3 : Exposed 
Sex. Locality. Date. Wing. | Tail. aolnent Tarsus. 
mm. mm. mm. mm. 
Males 5.552 were cass | Plains of Taveta, British Kast | June 28,1888 82 93 19.5 | 29 
Africa.a 
DOs ene stems | Taveta, British East Africa...| May 1,1888 87 101 19.5 28 
Southi-Ainica Pes see re seeene hgh Sate eee eee SS 86 103 20.0 33 
AVECTRE OG 22 oor oe eos { Sige eee ane 85 99 19.7 30 
a Type. 


POMATORHYNCHUS SENEGALUS ORIENTALIS Cabanis. 


Pomatorhynchus orientalis CABANIs, von der Decken’s Reisen, III, 1869, p. 27, in 
text (Mombasa, British East Africa). 


A series of eight specimens from Mombasa, the type locality, shows 
that this form, hitherto usually considered inseparable from Pomator- 
hynchus senegalus, is well worthy of recognition. It differs from true 
P. senegalus of western Africa in its inferior size, more slender bill, 
and decidedly paler upper surface; and from 7”. senegalus armenus by 
reason of its smaller size, much paler, more grayish upper surface, 
and less buffy lower parts. 


« Linneeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 137. 
bGen. Zool., VII, Pt. 2, 1809, p. 301. 

¢Pl. Enl., pl. coccixx1x; fig. 1. 

@ Traité d’Ornith., 1831, p. 373. 

€ Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XX VI, 1818, p. 140. 

J Von der Decken’s Reisen, III, 1869, p. 27, in text. 


1469. _ EAST AFRICAN BIRDS—OBERIHOLSER,. 81] 


~ Measurem-nts are as below: 


Sex. Locality. Date. Wing.| Tail. | 2XPosed | pa rcus 
: ; culmen. | mace 
ue es 

Ce -s : mm. mm. | mm. ‘ 
Hee siss Mombasa, British East Africa.) September or Octo- 71.0 75 ‘ 7. 5 me de 0 
ber, 1900. a 
WGA Se Sho WO) a0: dock Sat Sees pe eubeeeas sane GOK 22 sae. Se see iaeon| 85 20.0 28.0 
DO sachs = Gly 3 oat eRe een ar a nna Vo eRe anes Sere 86.0 | 92 21.0 | 29.0 
LORS se Bee US sosseh-shcedecbesJdeeeD5 sees Dome. setae | 81.0 89 | 20.0 | 29.0 
Dh 5eee ae teee eee eee ate aes ee (ceo. 3 GOP se ae 83.5 | 94 | 21.0 | 69.5 
J SEERTIES ERS Se GSES 06Gs6| CECE eee 79.8 | 87 | 19.9 | 28.1 


_ There are thus three forms of Pomatorhynchus senegalus, whose 
names and geographical ranges are as follows: 

Pomatorhynchus  senegalus senegalus (innzeus).— Western and 
northwestern Africa. 

—  Pomatorhynchus  senegalus armenus Oberholser.—South Africa 
and eastern Africa north to the Kilimanjaro region. 

— Pomatorhynchus senegalus orientalis Cabanis.—Coast region of 
_ British East Africa, and probably northward. 


Family NECTARINIIDZ. 
CINNYRIS OLIVACEA RAGAZZII (Salvadori). 
Eleocerthia ragazzii Satvavort, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genoya, Ser. 24, VI (XX VI), 
1888, p. 247 (Fekerie Ghem forest, Shoa, Abyssinia). 
Specimens from Mombasa“ are identical with those from Kiliman- 
_ jaro, and serve even moré clearly to emphasize the distinctness of this 
race. 
. Family HIRUNDINID®. 
HIRUNDO PUELLA ABYSSINICA Guerin. 
Hirundo abyssinica Gurr, Rey. Zool., 1843, p. 322 (Abyssinia). 
Specimens from Mombasa’ are very typical of this eastern sub- 
species, and agree perfectly with birds from Mount Kilimanjaro. 


Family FRINGILLID®. 
PASSER SWAINSONI GONGONENSIS (Oustalet). 


Pseudostruthus gongonensis OustaLer, Le Naturaliste, 1890, p. 274 (Gongoni, near 
Mombasa, British East Africa). 

This large, pale form replaces true Passer swainsoni in southern 

Somali Land and in British East Africa, but is quite certainly only 

subspecifically distinct. A specimen in the Doherty collection, from 

Mombasa,‘ belongs to this race. 


@ Chalcomitra obscura ragazzii, Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 462. 
» Hirundo puella Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 457. 


¢ Passer swainsoni Holland, Ann. Carnegie Mus., III, 1905, p. 461. 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THREADFIN 
(FAMILY POLYNEMIDA) FROM JAPAN. 


By Davin Srarr Jorpan and Richarp Crrrrenpen McGrecor, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


In this paper is given an account of the single species which repre- 
sents in Japan the tropical family of /olynemide or Threadtins. 


Family POLYNEMID 2. 


Body oblong, compressed, and covered with rather large, loosely 
inserted, ctenoid scales. Lateral line continuous, continued on the 
tail, usually forked, with a branch on each lobe. Head entirely scaly; 
snout more or less conical, projecting over the mouth, which is rather 
large, inferior, with lateral cleft; premaxillary protractile, its basal 
“process vertical; maxillary without supplemental bone, extending 
much beyond the eye, which is anterior, lateral, rather large, with a 
well-developed, adipose eyelid. Villiform teeth on jaws, palatines, 
and sometimes on vomer. Pseudo-branchiz concealed. Branchioste- 
gals 7. Gill membranes separate and free from the isthmus. Gills, 4, 
a slit behind the fourth. Two separate dorsals, somewhat remote from 
each other, the first of 8 feeble but rather high spines, the first and 
last spines very short, the third longest; the second dorsal equal to 
first in height,-but base somewhat longer, of soft rays only. Anal fin 
either similar to or much longer than soft dorsal; caudal fin rather 
‘long, widely forked. Second dorsal, anal, and caudal fins more or less 
covered with small scales; the first 3 or 4 dorsal spines winged. Ven- 
trals I, 5, abdominal, but not far removed from pectorals; pectoral 
fins moderate, placed low, in two parts, the lower and anterior portion 
of several filiform articulated appendages, free from each other, used 
as organs of touch. In the young the dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins 
are dusky, the anal and ventral tins white; all the fins grow darker 
with age, the pectorals usually becoming black, the operculum blackish. 
Bones of the skull with a well-developed muciferous system as In 
Scienide. Basis cranii double, with muscular tube; post-temporal 


PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1470. 919 


814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, XXX, 


bifurcate; hypercoracoid with median foramen; superior pharyngeal 
bones 4. Pectoral actinosts divided; 2 of them normal, supporting 
the pectoral fin, 1 longitudinal, without rays, and 1 a plate on the 
coracoid, supporting the pectoral filaments. Stomach ccecal, with a 
few pyloric appendages. Air bladder various, sometimes wanting. 
Vertebre 10+ 14=24. Genera 4, Galeoides, Polistonemus, Polyne- 
mus, and Polydactylus; the species inhabiting sandy shores of tropical 
seas, and sometimes entering rivers. Most of them are valued as 
food-tishes, their flesh resembling that of the Scienide. The relations 
of this peculiar family appear to be with the Scizenidz on the one hand, 
and with the Mugilide on the other, but all these resemblances may be 
superficial. 
POLYDACTYLUS Lacépede: 
Trichidion Kurtn, Historia Piscium, Missus., 1749, V, p. 28 (Piracoaba Marc- 
GRAVE=virginicus), (non-binomial). 
Polynemus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 317 (in part, quinguarius ; 
virginicus; paradiseus). 
Polydactylus LackrEpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1832, VIII, p. 181, (plumieri=virgini- 
cus), (leaving Polynemus as the name of quinguarius). 
Polynemus GUNTHER, Cat., 1860, II, p. 319 (paradisxus). ; 
Trichidion Git, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 274 (plumieri=virginicus). 
Anal fin not much longer than soft dorsal, of about 13 or 14 rays; 
vomer with teeth; preoperculum serrate; free filaments of pectorals 
mostly shorter than body. Teeth in yilliform bands on both jaws, 
vomer, palatines, and pterygoids. Preopercle sharply serrated on its 
posterior margin, its angle with a scaly flap. Scales rather small, 
finely ctenoid. First dorsal with 7 or 8 feeble, rather high spines, the 
firstand last short. Soft dorsal and anal fins about equaling each other; 
pectoral filaments 3 to 9. Pyloric ceca in great number. Species 
numerous in warm seas, one of them reaching the shores of Japan. 
(zo\us, many; daKTvAOs, finger.) 


POLYDACTYLUS AGONASI Jordan and McGregor, new species. 


AGONASHI (WITHOUT JAW); TSUBAME-KONOSHIRO (SWALLOW-TAIL 
SHAD).¢ 


Polynemus plebeius SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1845, p. 29, pl. x1, fig. 1; Naga- 
saki; (not Pelynemus plebejus of Broussonet, a species from Tahiti=Polyne- 
mus lineatus GUNTHER; not Polynemus plebejus GUNTHER, Cat., II, p. 329= 
Polynemus zophomus JorDAN and McGrecor, new name, an Indian species 
with larger scales and a black humeral spot.—Namiye, Class. Cat., 1881, 
p. 94; Tokyo.—Isarkawa, Prel. Cat., 1894, p. 45; Tokyo; Kagoshima. 

Polydactylus plebeius JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, 
pp. 358, 752; Tokyo, Yokohama.—Jorpan and Snyper, Check List, 1901, 
p. 85; Yokohama. 


Head, 34 in length to base of caudal; depth, 33. 


«Tsubame—a swallow; konoshiro—a gizzard shad ( Konosirus punctatus). 


EY > a 


NO. 1470. A NEW THREADFIN—JORDAN AND McGREGOR. 815 


Dorsal, VITI-I, 13; anal, II, 12; scales, 68; 5 free pectoral rays, 
the longest reaching tip of ventral; eye, 4 in head; scales rather small, 
ctenoid. — 

This species, the common Polydactylus of Japan, locally known as 
Agonashi (the fish without a jaw), was referred by Schlegel to Poly- 
nemus plebejus Broussonet, a common species of the coral reefs of the 
South Pacific originally described from Tahiti. From this species it 
differs notably in color and also in minor details of form. The two 
are, however, closely related. 

In form Polydactylus agonasi is very similar to P. plebejus, but 
the coloration of the two species is different; in 2. plebejus the general 
color is very dark, the fins are almost black and the body is brown; 


AERATED 
\) 
A 
BRAS 


hy 


i) 
S99N 80044 


MN) 


POLYDACTYLUS AGONASI. 


above the lateral line there is a series of narrow dark brown lines 
extending along the entire side of body; opposite base of second dorsal 
there are 7 of these dark lines above lateral line; below lateral line 
they are faintly developed. 

The coloration in 2. agonasi in alcohol is pale silvery yellow; first 
dorsal and pectoral speckled with dark brown. There are no dark 
stripes, or mere traces of streaks along the rows of scales. 

In P. plebejus the second dorsal and anal are more concave and caudal 
more faleate than in P. agonasi; the scales are of the same size in the 
two species. 

The type of Polydactylus agonasi (Tokyo, K. Otaki) is numbered 
55600, U.S.N.M., two other specimens (cotypes, No. 9879, Stanford 
University) are in Stanford University from Tokyo. 

The species was found by Jordan and Snyder rather common at 
Nagasaki and somewhat rare in the markets of Tokyo. 

The specimens from Kotosho, Formosa, recorded by: Jordan and 
Evermann,¢ with the scales 50, belongs apparently to Polydactylus 
zophomus. 


aProc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 301. 


A NEW TREE TOAD FROM COSTA RICA. 


By Lronnarp STEINEGER, 


Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians. 


Some time ago the United States National Museum acquired a small 
but well-preserved collection of batrachians made in Costa Rica by 
Messrs. Burgdorf and Schild. Among several interesting species there 
is a new //yla which it is desirable to place on record now. 


HYLA PHLEBODES, new species. 


Diagnosis. —Skin of head not involved in cranial ossification; choanse 

moderate; vomerine teeth in two small groups, on a level with the 
posterior edge of the choanv; outer fingers one-fourth webbed; tym- 
panum one-third the diameter of the eye; tibio-tarsal articulation 
reaching the tip of snout; no tarsal fold; a distinct inner metatarsal 
tubercle. 

Fabitat.—Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 29970, U.S.N.M.; San Carlos, Costa Rica; Burg- 
dorf and Schild, collectors. 

Description of type.—Adult female: Tongue nearly circular, scarcely 
emarginate behind; vomerine teeth in two very small groups on a 
level with the posterior edge of the moderately large choanz, each 
group consisting of about four teeth, the distance between the groups 
equaling their diameter; head moderate, slightly broader than long; 
snout short, shorter than diameter of eye, slightly rounded, not pro- 
jecting; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region somewhat concave; 
interorbital space broader than upper eye-lid; tympanum distinct, 
about one-third the diameter of eye; outer fingers one-fourth webbed, 
inn2r with a rudiment of web at base only; no projecting pollex; toes 
nearly fully webbed; disks of digits smaller than tympanum; subar- 
ticular tubercles moderate; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, about 
one-third the length of inner toe, outer one very indistinct; no tarsal 
fold; tibio-tarsal articulation of hind limb carried forward reaches the 
tip of snout; upper surface shagreened with scattered indistinct warts; 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1471. 


Proc. N. M. vol, xxx—06——42 817 


818 -.- PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


throat smooth, rest of underside coarsely granular; a strong fold from 
posterior angle of eye above ‘tympanum to shoulder; a sharp fold 
from side of neck to groin, and a very strong one across the chest 
from one arm to the other. Color (in alcohol) above vinaceous drab 
with « coarse network of dark purplish reticulations; tibia with a 
number of narrow cross lines of the same color; underside uniform 
whitish. 


Dimensions. 
: Mm. 
Total length; tip of.snout: to ventss2 S25. 2230 = en ee eee 27 
Width of head: 2.22 2.22232 Soe: Fe ae ee 9° 
Length of fore limbs. 2 Sage oe pe see See ee ae et ea eer iW 


Length of hind limb: from vent to.longest toe. *- 352-225 25 peewee nee stele ee 


THE MAMMALS OF ENGANO ISLAND, WEST SUMATRA. 


By Gerrit 5S. Miter, Jr 


9) 


Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals. 


The mammal fauna of Engano Island was first made known in 1894, 
when Mr. Oldfield Thomas published an account of the collections 
_ made there three years before by Doctor Modigliani.“ Twelve species, 


_ mostly bats, were recorded, one of which, Pteropus modiglianii, was 


_ described as new. <A second new species has recently been described 
_ from Doctor Modigliani’s collection, RAcnolophus calypso Andersen,’ 
but with this exception no further accounts of the mammals have 
appeared. 

_ Engano was visited in November and December, 1904, by Dr. W. L. 
Abbott. He collected about 70 mammals, all of which have been 
_ presented to the United States National Museum. Among them are 
three not taken by Doctor Modigliani. 

Doctor Abboit’s description of the island is as follows: 

‘**Engano lies about 60 miles south of [Manna Point on] the coast of 
southwest Sumatra. It is about 18 miles long and contains about 140 
square miles, Near the coast it is flat, but in the interior it rises so 
that the whole interior looks like a low, flat hill when viewed from the 
sea. On the charts the highest point is given as 1,060 feet, but this is 
undoubtedly too high. The whole coast line is formed by a reef from 
+ mile to 1$ miles wide. The best anchorage is behind Pulo Dua, in 
the bay at the southeast corner of the island. The peculiar natives 
are rapidly dying out, only 441 being left on December 5, 1904. The 
population was 6,500 in 1868. The country is covered with scrub and 
forest. Much of it has evidently been cleared and is now overgrown. 
A good road starts from opposite Pulo Dua and runs two-thirdsaround 
the island, about 40 miles. The soil appears to be very fertile, and 
there is but little rock visible on the surface. The rainfall is abun- 
dant, and there are many streams and rivers. Pulo Dua is about 4 


a@On some mammals from Engano Island, west of Sumatra. 
Nat. di Genova, (2) XIV, pp. 105-110. April 10, 1894. Coie 
bProe. Zool. Soe. London, 1905, JO or 134. October 17, 1905. Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., XXIX, p. 657. _ March 7, 1906. 


Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—NO. 1472. aie 


820 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


mile long and nearly covered with cocoanuts. It lies about 1 mile 
from the main island. There is a kampong on it, where the Malay 
mentri (government clerk) lives. Pulo Mirbau is about 14 miles south 
of Pulo Dua. It contains 10 or 15 acres. There were here many fruit 
pigeons and a camp of Pteropus.” 


SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES. 
Family SUID. 
SUS BABI Miller? 


1906. Sus babi MiuuEr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XX, 1906, p. 752. 


The two specimens procured, the skin and skull of a young male 
(No. 140958) and the skull of an adult female (No. 140959), are, as 
already stated in the original description of Sus bab7, not sufticient to 
inake possible a definite identification of the Engano pig. Doctor 
Abbott writes of the animal as follows: 

‘* Pigs are very common in Engano, but are never kept tame. They 
are said to be descended from animals which swam ashore froma 
stranded ship, perhaps twenty-five years ago. The natives say that 
previous to this none existed. One afternoon, while I was on shore, 
a pig swam off from the mainland bound for Pulo Dua. He had nearly 
reached the schooner’s anchorage when the noise made by the crew 
frightened him and he turned back to the main island. ‘There were 
no boats by the schooner at the time or the animal could readily have 
been caught.” ’ 


Family VIVERRIDZ. 
PARADOXURUS HERMAPHRODITUS (Pallas). 


1894. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus THomMas, Ann. Mus. Ciy. di Stor. Nat. di 
Genova, (2) XIV, p. 105. April 10, 1894. 

An adult female (No. 141026) was taken on the main island, Novem- 
ber 10, 1904. It closely resembles Sumatran specimens. Mammae, 
4. Weight, 2.27 kg. Measurements: Head and body, 495 mm.; tail, 
410; hind foot, 83; skull, upper length, 88; condylobasilar length, 
95.6; zygomatic breadth, 52.8. 

‘*Musangs were very common, and their droppings could be seen 
everywhere in the paths. I did not succeed in trapping any, however, 
and the one specimen taken was brought in by natives. — It is doubtless 
an introduced species. There were a few on Pulo Dua.” 

One specimen was taken by Modigliani on Pulo Dua. 


“ty 


4 
fs « 


No. 1472. _ MAMMALS OF ENGANO—MILLER. 821 


Family MURID.®. 


MUS near RATTUS. 


1894. Mus rattus var. THomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, (2) XIV, 
p- 109. April 10, 1894. 

Four specimens were taken on Pulo Dua and a fifth on the main 
island. Doctor Abbott remarks that rats were common about the 
houses but were scarce in the forest. 

Modigliani collected one specimen on Pulo Dua. 


MUS ENGANUS, new species. 


1894. ?Mus sp. THomas, Ann. Mus. Ciy. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, (2) XIV, p. 110 
April 10, 1894. 


Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). No. 140976, U.S.N.M. Col- 
lected on Engano Island, December 4, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 


’ 


- Original number, 3823. 


foresees = 


wracters.—General appearance not unlike a light-colored Mus 
norvegicus, but tail longer than head and body, and fur of a soft, almost 
silky texture, except along middle of back, where it becomes somewhat 
harsh. Skull with rostrum fully one-half deeper and broader than in 
Mus norvegicus; maxillary teeth with lateral cusps relatively more 
developed. ‘Tail with 12 rings to the centimeter at middle. 

Fur and color.—TVhe fur is of a soft, almost silky texture, though 
without trace: of woolliness. On sides the hairs are about 12 mm. 
long. On back the mass of the fur increases to about 18 mm. in 
length, at the same time becoming somewhat harsh in texture, while 
there is an evident sprinkling of slender, grooved bristles 35 mm. 
long. ‘These bristles are so slender as to resemble ordinary hairs, but 
their grooved character can be detected with a lens. Whiskers long 
and soft, reaching to axille. Hairs on tail slightly exceeding length 
of scales, but becoming somewhat longer near tip, though without 
forming pencil. 

Underparts pale smoke-gray, the hairs becoming darker (about 
gray No. 6) basally. On sides and cheeks the gray becomes suffused 
with a dull, pale, ochraceous-buff, this decidedly predominating on 
back, crown, and face, where it is further darkened by the sprinkling 
of black bristle hairs. Muzzle washed with hair-brown. Feet scant- 
ily sprinkled with fine, light-gray hairs. Tail uniform, dark-brown 
throughout. 

Skull and teeth.—In general appearance the skull somewhat resem- 
bles that of a large Mus norvegicus, but it is at once distinguishable 
by the greatly increased breadth and depth of the rostrum, each of 
which is decidedly more than half the length of nasals. The nasals 
are abruptly truncated in front, a character which adds to the peculiar 


822 PROCEEDID vas OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX, 


appearance of the rostrum. Anterior zygomatic root essentially as in 
Mus norvegicus. Nasals terminating posteriorly about in line with 
premaxillaries. Audital bulle and entire ventral aspect of skull 
(broad rostrum excepted) as in Mus norvegicus. 

The maxillary teeth differ from those of typical J/us in the greater 
development and more evident demarkation of the lateral series of 
cusps, both outer and inner. There are, however, no unusual elements 
in the teeth. The mandibular teeth show no appreciable peculiarities. 

Measurements.—Total length, 485 mm.; head and body, 228; tail, 257; 
hind foot, 46 (43); ear from meatus, 19; ear from crown, 13; width of 

iv, 14.4; skull, upper length, 44.6; condylobasal length, 44; basilar 
length, 38; palatilar length, 22.8; diastema, 13; length of nasals, 15.2; 
greatest breadth of nas: ales 6; greatest breadth of rostrum, 8.4; least 
depth of rostrum, 9; zygomatic breadth, 23.4; interorbital constriction, 
7; breadth of brain case above roots of zygomata, 17.4; mastoid 
breadth, 16.6; maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 8.6; mandible, 27; mandi- 
bular tooth row (alveoli) 8 

Specimens examined.—One, the type. 

Remarks.—For the sake of convenience, I have compared this 
remarkably distinct species with Jus norvegicus, an animal with which 
it probably has no near relationship. The strong development of the 
lateral cusps of the maxillary teeth removes it from the typical group 
of Mus, but in the present unsatisfactory state of this genus I am not 
able to decide as to the forms with which it should be placed. 


- PTEROPUS ENGANUS, new species. 


1894. Pteropus hypomelanus Tuomas, Ann. Mus. Ciy. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, (2) 
XIV, p. 106, April 10, 1894. 

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull), No. 140966, U.S.N.M. Col- 
lected on Pulo Dua, Engano, November 4, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
Original number, 3774. 

Characters. —Similar to Pteropus lepidus Miller, but smaller, and 
with | ack darker than the mantle. Larger than Pteropus hypomelanus 
Temminck. 

Color.—Type: Back a rather dark hair-brown, darkest and clearest 
anteriorly, though everywhere somewhat lightened by a sprinkling of 
silvery hairs, and along edges of membranes a little suffused with 
ochraceous-buff. Mantle pale tawny-ochraceous, darkening on sides 
of neck through hazel to chestnut, this in turn blackening on under- 
side of neck. Behind this blackish area the underparts are much like 
back, except that the brown is darker, the silvery hairs are absent, and 
the lighter suffusion is more nearly hazel. Head a grizzled drabby 
gray, many of the hairs with noticeable silvery reflections in certain 
lights. 


| 


r ‘No. 1472. MAMMALS OF ENGANO—MILLER. 82 


Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth resemble those of Pteropus 
_ lepidus, differing merely in their generally smaller size. Mandible 
_ noticably more slender than in the related species. 

Measurements.—For external measurements see table, page 824. 
_ Cranial measurements of type: upper length, 61.2 mm.; condylobasal 
; length, 60; basilar length, 55; median palate length, 30.6; palatal 
breadth between anterior molars, 12; zygomatic breadth, 34; least 
' interorbital breadth, 8.4; constriction behind postorbital processes, 7.4; 
breadth between tips of postorbital processes, 25.6; greatest breadth 
' of brain case above roots of zygomata, 2%; greatest depth of brain case, 
17; occipital depth, 11.8; depth of rostrum at middle of diastema, 7.8; 


5 


~ mandible, 48.8; maxillary tooth row exclusive of incisors (alveoli) 


23.4; mandibular tooth row exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 26.6. 

Specimens examined. —Thirty-two from Engano, Pulo Dua, and 
Pulo Mirbau. 
_  Lemarks.—The color phase represented in the type occurs in the 
- majority of the specimens. In some, however, the silvery hairs on 
_ the back predominate so as to make the color a light gray, while in 
others the ochraceous-buff wash is so increased as to conceal the brown. 
The gray phase and the buff phase are connected with the normal dark 
phase by intermediates of every degree, but the series of skins show 
no direct intergradation between the two pale extremes. 

This animal appears to be not closely allied to Pteropus lepidus of 
the South China Sea islands, but is readily distinguishable by its 
smaller size and invariably light mantle. It is undoubtedly larger than 


_ Pteropus hypomelanus, the shortest forearm in the series measuring 


122 mm., while that of the type of the Ternate species measures, accord- 
ing to Dobson, 119 mm. 


PTEROPUS MODIGLIANII Thomas. 


1894. Pterophus modiglianii Tuomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, 
(2) XIV, p. 106. April 10, 1894. 
Twelve specimens were taken by Doctor Abbott, mostly on the 
main island. Two are recorded by Thomas in the original description. 
In color the shins are very uniform, the only variation being a slight 
tendency in some specimens for the rump and flanks to become suffused 
with dull ochraceous. While this species is rather closely related to 
Pieropus natalis, of Christmas Island, I fail to discover any strong 
resemblance between it and the much larger, short-haired Pteropus 
nicobaricus, to which it has been compared. 
Regarding the occurrence of the two species of Pferopus, Doctor 
Abbott writes: 
“The rufous-naped species [enganus] was very common on Pulo Dua 
and was generally*found hanging and feeding on cocoanut trees. The 
black one [modiglianii| was not numerous on Pulo Dua. On the main 


824 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


island it appeared to be the more numerous. It generally was found — 


feeding on wild fruit, and did not frequent the cocoanut trees.” 


Measurements of Pteropus. 


| F re g sla [sla 
; D as = 2 Bile |e ele. 
Name. |  Loeality, — Sex oe a es g | Of |o | a & s 5 
q ao! -s S Zz 5 | Om |. e0| = e js bo 
5 eS eS S iS) zs oF |S Op iH 
ZA q o em a H 1m BH |e |& 
Pteropus enga- | Engamo ...--- 140961 | Male ...| 203 | 58.0 | 42.3 | 128.0 | 56.8 | 96.0 | 245 | 195 | 175 
nNUs 
DOA Sees (i Voy eeens ae 140965 |....do...| 202 | 56.0 | 41.4 | 126.0 | 55.0 | 94.4 | 235 | 189 | 166 
DO a53ss.8 atone (6 (oe eee ae a140966 |....do...| 203 | 53.0 | 41.0 | 125.0 | 57.0 | 938.0 | 238 | 191 | 167 
Dotiesss. he) Peete GO ss6028 140964 | Female.| 201 | 51.0 | 39.0 | 123.0 | 52.0 | 94.0 | 2381 | 178 | 162 
DOssene Socal seas Gon ssose = 140973 |....do...| 207 | 53.0 | 39.0 | 124.6 | 53.6 | 93.6 | 238 | 186 | 172 
Doweseee ia Sota dO Aare 140987 |....do...| 207 | 51.0 | 48.0 | 126.0 | 48.8 | 90.4 | 233 | 187 | 169 
Pteropus lepi- | Big Tambe- | 101649 | Male .../ 229 | 63.0 | 43.0 | 135.0 | 61.0 | 99.0 | 260 | 205 | 184 
dus. Jan Island. 
Does ae S| eee (comer 101651 |....do...| 222 | 65.0 | 43.0 | 136.0 | 62.0 |100.0 | 260 | 207 | 185 
DOL Fo Setnas | toes Goss 101650 | Female .} 216 | 57.0 | 41.0 | 128.0 | 59.0 | 96.0 | 255 | 200 ; 177 
Does see. Saddle Island .|@101670 |....do ...| 222 | 58.0 | 40.0 | 133.0 | 61.0 |108.0 | 255 | 200 | 175 
DOS oss we 104740 | Male ...| 230 | 61.0 | 44.0 | 141.0 | 60.0 |103.4 | 270 | 215 | 193 
Doak 104741 | Female.| 215 | 59.0 | 42.6 | 137.0 | 58.8 |104.6 | 263 | 206 | 182 
pies us modi- 140977 | Male ...| 240 | 62.4 | 45.0 | 189.0 | 62.4 |105.0 | 262 | 207 | 186 
glianit, 
DOzs-- ees 140978 |. .-d0).2 | 242716824: | 465052 ee 59.0 105.4 | 267 | 210 | 187 
Doss enone : 140985 |....do...| 215 | 68.0 | 44.0 | 1385.0 | 50.0 |100.0 | 258 | 205 | 180 
DOResee Die .-| 140979 | Female.| 220 | 58.0 | 39.0 | 134.0 | 54.6 | 98.6 | 257 | 202 | 194 
Do ee % --| 140980 |....do ...| 222 | 61.4 )CGEES | \esassoe 58.6 |101.0 } 263 | 204 | 177 
Doyssssee: 140984 |....do...| 225 | 58.4 | 48.4 | 139.0 | 60.4 |109.0 | 276 | 209 | 186 
1 


aType. 


ROUSETTUS AMPLEXICAUDATUS (Geoffroy). 


1894. Nantharpyia amplexicaudata THomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di 
Genova, (2) XIV, p. 108. April 10, 1894. 


Recorded by Thomas, but not taken by Doctor Abbott. 
Family RHINOLOPHID A. 


RHINOLOPHUS CALYPSO (Andersen). 


1894. Rhinolophus affinis THomas, Ann. Mus. Ciy. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, (2) 
XIV, p. 108. April 10, 1894. 

1905. Rhinolophus calypso ANDERSEN, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, II, p. 134. 
October 17, 1905. 


Collected by Modigliani in 1891. Seven taken by Doctor Abbott. 
HIPPOSIDEROS DIADEMA (Geoffroy). 


1894. Hipposiderus diadema THomas, Ann. Mus. Ciy. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, 
(2) XIV, p. 108. - April 10, 1894. 
HIPPOSIDEROS GALERITUS (Cantor). 
1894. Hipposiderus galeritus Thomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, 
(2) XIV, p. 108. April 10, 1894. 
HIPPOSIDEROS BICOLOR (Temminck). 


1894. Hipposiderus bicolor Taomas, Ann. Mus. Ciy. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, (2) 
XIV, p. 108. April 10, 1894. 
These three bats were taken by Modigliani, but were not observed 
by Doctor Abbott. 


+; 


No. 1472, MAMMALS OF ENGANO—MILLER. 825 


Family VESPERTILIONID®. 
PIPISTRELLUS IMBRICATUS ( Horsfield). 


1894. Vesperugo imbricatus Toomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di Genova (2 5 
XIV, p. 108. April 10, 1894. 

Two specimens (females, Nos. 141018 and 141019) taken on Pulo 
Dua November 16, 1904, are evidently referable to the species recorded 
by Thomas. 

KERIVOULA ENGANA, new species. 


Type.—Adult male (in alcohol), No. 141020, U.S.N.M. Collected 
on Pulo Dua, Engano, November 3, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. 
Original number, 3766. ; 

Characters.—Like Kerivoula hardwickii, but larger. 

Color.—After a year’s immersion in alcohol the general color is very 
nearly broccoli-brown above, becoming yellower on head and darken- 
ing about to wood-brown below, the hairs everywhere a dark hair- 
brown on basal half, those of the back with a broad buffy-gray area 
between this and the broccoli-brown tips; ears and membranes dark 
brown. 

Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth do not appear to differ appre- 
ciably from those of Aer‘voula hardwickii except in their noticeably 
greater size. 

Measurements.—Measurements of the two specimens collected (those 
of the type first): Total length, 85 (85) mm.; head and body, 43 (41); 
tail, 42 (44); tibia, 17.6 (17.4); foot, 8 (7.6); forearm 33, (54.4); 
thumb, 8 (7.6); second finger, 35 (37); third finger, 70 (74); fourth fin- 
ger, 51 (56); fifth finger, 48 (52); ear from meatus, 15 (14.6); ear from 
crown, 11.6 (12.4); width of ear, 13 (12); skull, greatest length, 14.6; 
Pee dirlabosal length, 13.6; palatal length, 7.8; zygomatic breadth, 9; 
breadth of braincase, 7.4; feck Potente daouet audital bulla, 6.6. 

Specimens Phe lo, both from Pulo Dua. 

Remarks.—The Engano Kerivoula is readily distinguishable from 
K. hardwickii of Java by its generally larger size, a character particu- 
larly evident in the skull and foot. The color is throughout yellower 
than in the Javan form. 


‘ 


Family EMBALLONURID A. 
EMBALLONURA SEMICAUDATA (Peale). 


1894. Emballonura semicaudata Tuomas, Ann. Mus. Civ. di Stor. Nat. di Genova, 
(2) XIV; p. 109, April 10, 1894. 
Recorded by Thomas, but not taken by Doctor Abbott. It seems 
improbable that this animal is the same as the true Eimballonura seni- 
caudata of Samoa. 


— -_ 


THREE NEW FUNGLZ, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A SPECI- 
MEN OF FUNGIA GRANULOSA KLUNZINGER AND A NOTE 
ON A SPECIMEN OF FUNGIA CONCINNA VERRILL. 


By T. Waytanp VauGHan, 


Custodian of Madreporarian Corals, U. S. National Museum; Geologist, U. S. Geological 
Survey. 


In determining the species of corals belonging to the genus Yungia 
in the United States National Museum, I discovered the three forms, 
described as new species, a specimen of 7. granulosa Klunzinger and 
one of /. concinna Verrill that seems worth a notice. The first con- 
sidered new isa fossil species collected by Prof. Raphael Pumpelly in 
Toshibetzt Valley, Island of Yesso, Japan. Of the two recent forms, 
F, samboangensis and F. madagascarensis, the first. belongs to Pro- 
fessor Déderlein’s group of / repanda; the second to his group of 
LF. fungites. Without avery large series for comparison, it is not pos- 
sible to assert positively that these forms are not variations of previ- 
ously described species. 7. samboangensis is closely related to 7. 
repanda Dana; 1. madagascarensis belongs in the group of 7”. fungites, 
but is separated principally by the character of the basal spines. I 
have not been able to identify these specimens by comparison with the 
material in the United States National Museum nor by a study of the 
literature, therefore I feel positive that they are undescribed forms, 
and think that they should be recorded, even if subsequent work should 
prove that they are not entitled tospecific recognition. 


Fossil feom Japan, group of F. PATELLA (Ellis and 
Solander). 


FUNGIA JAPONICA, new species. 
Plate LX VII. 

Corallum fungiform, deformed (D/aseris form), free, without trace 
of detachment scar. Base (and wall) concave upward, more or less 
corrugated. The deformity resembles that found in Diaser/s and 
Diafungia. 


Greater Lesser | | ve f 
Dimensions. diameter | diameter | Height. | Penis 
| at base. | at base. | ; 
mm. nine, | mm. mm, 

7 ‘ | 99 5 7p € 
Specimen No. l@{type) ..-.-----.---------- BA |e DOT | A SLT 50). Bout a. 
mopecumen No. 2\(paratype) ..--.-.------ Salo (20s -onl omeharre | 11 About 5. 5. 

t | or 


PRoceepINas U. S. NATIONAL MuseuM, VOL. XXX—No. 1473. 


827 


828 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


The base, besides possessing corrugations, has several deep sinuses, 
and numerous fine, not prominent, granulated coste, which usually 
alternate rather regularly in size, and correspond toall septa. Toward 
the central portion of the base they are resolved into a great number 
of granulations without apparent definite arrangement. The wall over 
the greater portion of the base appears solid, but rather often near the 
periphery synapticula may be seen joining the septa together. In 
places the wall is clearly synapticulate. The appearance is that the 
wall is at first synapticulate and later becomes secondarily thickened 
so as to be imperforate almost throughout. 

The septa are extremely numerous, thin, and very much crowded, at 
the edge of the corallum equal or subequal, above the edge and near 
the fossa unequal. In specimen No. 1 there are ten or twelve larger 
septa, with about twenty or more smaller intervening septa. The 
cycles are not distinctly differentiated, but apparently the arrange- 
ment is between six and seven cycles, with the members of the first 
and second cycles of the same size. Those of the third cycle are 
shorter; those of the fourth are shorter than those of the third. The 
members of the fifth cycle are shorter than those of the fourth. In 
places it could be seen that the two outer septa of the sixth cycle ina 
quarter system (that is, a septum of the sixth cycle standing next to 
the one of the first cycle and the one next the member of the third 
cycle in the same quarter system) are prolonged beyond the inner end 
of the included member of the fourth cycle and equal in length the 
member of the third cycle. The members of the sixth cycle seem 
always to be longer than those of the fifth. The seventh cycle is not 
complete; they appear to be short, but often it does not seem possible 
to distinguish between the members of the sixth and seventh cycles, 
so that sometimes an outer septum of the seventh may be prolonged 
and combined with one of the sixth for the inclusion of one of the 
fifth. 

The septal margins are very finely dentate. Laterally the septa are 
striate, the strize usually opposed in pairs, with granulations arranged 
along their courses. Each dentation on the septal margins corresponds 
in position to the termination of a pair of strie. Septal perforations 
are numerous in the younger septa, especially near the margin; they 
occur between and sometimes in the courses of the septal trabecule, 
and are not perfectly regular in occurrence. The older septa, except 
near the margin and inner termination, are usually imperforate. 

The calicular fossa is deep, extending almost to the base of the coral- 
lum, and is narrow. There is no columella. A considerable number 
of septa meet in the bottom of the fossa. 

Locality.—Yoshibetzt Valley, Yesso, Japan. R. Pumpelly, col- 
lector. 

Geologic horizon.—Tertiary; nothing more definite known. 

Typée.—Cat. No. 154426, U.S.N.M. 


a 
; 
5 


No, 1473. SOME NEW FUNGLE—VAUGHAN. g9y 


RECENT SPECIES. 
Group of F. REPANDA Dana. 
FUNGIA SAMBOANGENSIS, new species. 


Plate LX VIII and Plate LXIX, fig. 1; Plate LX GV ties 


Corallum rather large, circular in outline, slightly arched, base gently 
coneave. Wall perforate, numerous slits between the coste to 
near the center, around which is an imperforate area about 25 mm. in 
diameter. Costz rather fine, not greatly differentiated in size. Every 
fourth or sixth may be somewhat thicker and more prominent than 
those intervening. A// the cost are spinose, the spines smaller near 


the edge, where they are of only moderate size, or rather small, and in 


a single series. Toward the center they become larger and the distri- 
bution is not quite so regular as near the periphery. On the central 
imperforate area the spines are again somewhat smaller and are dis- 
tributed irregularly. The shanks of the spines are smooth or with 
only occasional granulations; the tips are rounded, blunt, often though 
not always swollen, and wre granulated. 

Septa unequal, even on the periphery, where usually there are at 
least three different heights and three different thicknesses; all septa, 
even the thicker, are thin, the smallest very thin. On the upper sur- 
face they are very unequal, of three or four different heights. About 
eighteen septa reach the axial fossa. The inner edge of these are 
prominent and fall steeply to the bottom of the fossa. Between each 
pair of these longest septa are from one to three shorter ones of prac- 


tically equal height. Then there are several lower, thinner septa, 


scarcely half the height of the taller, between each pair of taller ones. 
Septal margins serrately dentate. On the larger septa the serrations 
are coarser—in fact, decidedly coarse—near the periphery; become 
smaller and ultimately obsolete toward the fossa. Near the periphery 
there are five or six dentations to the centimeter; nearer the fossa, seven 
or eight. There are no tentacular lobes. The septal faces show low, 
broad ridges corresponding to the serrations; the whole of the septal 
are covered with minute granulations; near the edges are minute wavy 
lines running parallel to the margins. The synapticula are distinetly 
visible from above. 

Columella distinctly developed, composed of very delicate, spongy 


tissue. 


Dimensions.—Length, 130 mm.; width, 130 mm.; height, 44 mm. 

Locality.—Samboanga, Philippine Islands. J. B. Steere, collector. 

Type.—CatwNo. 21, 139, U.S.N.M. 

Affinities.—This coral belongs to Professor Déderlein’s ‘* Repanda 
Group,” ¢ and isnear / concinna Verrill and F. repanda Dana. How- 


@ Die Korallengattung Fungia, p. 105. 


830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


ever, it does not seem possible to refer it to any of the previously- 
described species. The nearly equal ribs separate it from both the 
species just mentioned. It is, in addition, separated from /” concinna 
by its very perforate wall, the wall in that species being almost solid. 
I thought the species that Lam describing might be / serru/ata Verrill,” 
which Déderlein considers a variety of 7” concinna. According to 
Professor Verrill’s description the specimen from Samboanga can 
scarcely be his / serrulata, which he describes as having ‘‘ principal 
coste” ‘‘and many other finer ones between,” and ‘‘ the [septal] edges 
irregularly dentate, with small, very acute, unequal teeth.” I there- 
fore think Fungia samboangensis will stand as a good species. 
FUNGIA GRANULOSA Klunzinger. 
Plates LX X and LXXI; Plate LX XIV, fig. 2. 
1879. Fungia granulosa KLUNZINGER, Korallenth. Rot. Meer., III, p. 65, pl. vu, 
fig. 3; pl. vu, fig. 3. 
1902. Fungia granulosa DopERLEIN, Korallengat. Fungia, p. 108, pl. x1, figs. 1, 
la, 1b. 

Description of a specimen in the United States National Museum: 

Corallum large, low, irregularly flexed, the length greater than the 
width; wall with a few slits near the periphery, otherwise solid; cost 
of several sizes, one set decidedly thicker and considerably more promi- 
nent than the others. - These largest costz are densely granulated, the 
granulations present on both the sides and the edges. In places they 
occur in heaps, and may be prolonged into short, comparatively thick 
spines. The surfaces of the spines minutely granulated. All the costa 
are granulated. The smaller ones have regularly beaded edges. Toward 
the center of the disk all costze become obsolete. The largest may be 
subobsolete, and give place to a large, densely granulate central area, 
-in which some of the granulations may form short spines. These gran- 
ulations are themselves minutely granulate. 

Septa on the periphery, excepting the very smallest, subequal; those 
corresponding to the large coste slightly more prominent; on the 
upper surface decidedly unequal, usually about 7 smaller septa between 
two taller and thicker ones. The courses of the septa slightly sinu- 
ous. Septal margins rather finely dentate, about 14 dentations to 
1 cm., not always of equal size; on the curves of the outer edges they 
are finer. The tips of the dentations acute or rounded. Septal faces 
densely and minutely granulate, minutely wrinkled near the margin. 
Synapticula not visible from above except where the septa have been 
broken. No tentacular lobes. Columella very poorly developed, 
almost absent. 

Dimensions.—Length, 157 mm.; breadth, 148 mm.; thickness at 
inner ends of large septa, 28 mm. 


«Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I, 1864, p. 51. 


~~ ro 


ate ea Se” 


No. 1473. - SOME NEW FUNGLE—VAUGHAN. 831 


Locality.—Unknown. 

Lype.—Cat. No. 110, U.S.N.M., U. S. Expl. Exped. specimen. 

Note.—I have described and figured the specimen, as the spe 
rare and not well known. Déderlein had only two specimens. 


cles is 


Group of F. FUNGITES (Linnzeus). 


FUNGIA MADAGASCARENSIS, new species. 
Plates LX XII and LX XIII; Plate LXXIV, fig. 3. 


Corallum large, heavy, strongly arched, base concave, deformed, 
length exceeds width. Wall perforate, with numerous slits and pits. 
Coste of two kinds, spined and without spines. Between each pair of 
spiniferous costx are from one to three much thinner and less prominent 
coste that do not bear spines. Of the spine-bearing coste every other 
or every fourth is usually thicker and somewhat more prominent than 
the intervening ones. The larger cost may be as much as 2.5 mm. 
thick. The spines are tall and thick, the larger ones as much as 2 
mm. in diameter near the base and 4.5 mm. in height. Rather often 
they are compound and are frequently forked at the end. The shanks 
of the spines are smooth, glabrous, the tips secondarily spinulose. 
Toward the center the cost become indistinct. The central area is 
covered by coarse spines similar to, but smaller than those on the costz. 

Septa, at the periphery unequal or subequal; above they are usually 
of about three different heights and four or five different thicknesses, 
the largest septa very thick, as much as 2.5 mm. The others graded 
in size to the youngest which are thin and closely wedged in between 
the older septa, they are so crowded that the faces almost touch. All 
of the septa coarsely dentate, on the larger septa 3 to 5 to Lem.; their 
height 3 to 4.5 mm.; they may terminate as blunt styles, or be irregu- 
larly serrate in form. Irregularly developed tentacular lobes pres- 
ent. The septal faces are almost glabrous—to the naked eyes they are, 
but with a rather high-power hand glass, very minute, low granula- 
tions can be discovered. Synapticula can not be seen from above. 

Columella apparently absent. 

Dimensions.—Length, 177 mm.; breadth, 145 mm.; height, 100 mm. ; 
depth of concavity of base, 55 mm. 

Locality.—Madagascar, R. W. Shufeldt, collector. 
~ Type.—Cat. No. 21,141, U.S.N.M. 

Afinities.—This species belongs in the group with Mungia fungites, 
in spite of the suggestion that it may, because of having cost with- 
out spines, belong with /. danai. The costal spines, when they are 
not double pointed or compound, are typically like those of 7/7 fungi- 
tes; they are subconical with smooth sides, pointed and show a few 
projecting trabecule on the tips, but could not be called granulate. 
The almost smooth sides of the septa are like those of /. fungites. 


832 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


The very thick septa rect all vie crassilamellata M. Edwards and Haine, 
but the septal dentations and costal spines are entirely die srent 
According to Déderlein’s Key“ it is nearest to 1. fungites var. dentata 
and one would infer the same from his description. None of the 
specimens figured by Déderlein shows costal spines nearly so large as 
in the specimen here described. There are several excellent speci- 
mens of var. dentata in the United States National Museum, including 
two of Dana’s specimens. They differ from the Madagascar specimen 
especially in the character of the spines. 


FUNGIA CONCINNA Verrill. 
Plate LXIX, fig. 2. 


This specimen is interesting as it shows extensive budding from the 
mouth of the disk. Four larger and two smaller mouths have been 
formed. 

Locality.—Papeeti, Tahiti Islands, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer 
Albatross, 1900. 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
Pirate LX VII. 


Fungia japonica, new species, figs. 1, 2, 3, three views, side, Cana and_ basal, 
respectively, of the same specimen. Height, 18 mm.; width, 27.5 mm.; fig. 4, 
face of a septum enlarged, length of septum 6.5 mm. 


Puate LX VIII. 
« 
Fungia samboangensis, new species, calicular view of the type, natural size. 
Prats LXIX. 


Fig. 1, Fungia samboangensis, new species, basal view, natural size. 
2, Fungia concinna Verrill, calicular view, natural size. 


PLAtE LXX. 
Fungia granulosa Klunzinger, calicular view, natural size. 
Prats LXXI. 
Fungia granulosa Klunzinger, basal view, natural size. 
Puate LX XII. 
Fungia madagascarensis, new species, calicular view, natural size. 
Puate LXXIII. 
Fungia madagascarensis, new species, basal view, natural size. 
PuatE LXXIV. 


Septal margins enlarged twice: Fig. 1, Mungia samboangensis; fig. 2, Fungia granulosa; 
fig. 8, Fungia madagascarensis. 


«Die Korallengattung Fu ungia, p. 147. 


2 Sa IN 
U ATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXVII 


4 


FUNGIA JAPONICA, NEW SPECIES. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 832. 


U. S. NATIONAL M 
USEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXVIII 


FUNGIA SAMBOANGENSIS, NEW SPECIES. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 832. 


LXIX 


PL. 


XXX 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ping 
202 ee RS gate ws 


a = 


a 


Pete mm Teast 


se 


CONCINNA. 


. FUNGIA 


2 


FUNGIA SAMBOANGENSIS. 


il: 


OF PLAT 


FOR EXPLANATION 


U. S. NATIONAL M 
Je USEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXX 


FUNGIA GRANULOSA KLUNZINGER. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXXI 


FUNGIA GRANULOSA KLUNZINGER. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXXII 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


FUNGIA MADAGASCARENSIS, NEW SPECIES. 


PAGE 832. 


PLATE SEE 


FOR EXPLANATION OF 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, V 
195 VOL. 


FUNQGIA MADAGASCARENSIS, NEW SPECIES. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 832. 


X XX 


PL. LXXIII 


PL. LXXIV 


XXX 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


‘CEB 


“SISNSYVOSVOVAGVW VIONN “€S 


39Wd 338 31V1d 40 


NOILVNY1dx3 4HO4 


“VSOINNVYS VISNN4S *G@ “SISNADNVOSEWYS VIONN4 


“t 


BON A SPECIES OF LOACH; MISGURNUS DECEMCIR- 


ROSUS (BASILEWSKY) FROM NORTHERN CHINA. 


By Davin Srarr Jorpan and Joun OrrerBetn SNYDER, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


Inarecent paper on the Cohiditx, or Loaches of Japan,“ Messrs. 
Jordan and Fowler have described the common Japanese species of 
Misgurnus, under the name of I/squrnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor), 
and have referred most of the nominal species of China to the syn- 
onymy of this species. 

The examination of the specimens collected by Dr. Noah Fields 
Drake, at Tientsin, recorded by Professor James F. Abbott,’ shows 
that these belong to a species quite different from the Japanese. This 
seems to be the one described by Basilewsky from near Peking, under 
the name of Cobitis decemecirrosus. 

The original types of Cob/tis anguillicaudata Cantor came from 
Chusan. These are in the British Museum where they have been 
examined by Mr. C. Tate Regan. Mr. Regan writes: ‘‘In three of 
_ Cantor’s specimens (130-140 mm.), I count 136 to 145 scales; longest 

dorsal ray, about 3 length of head; length of head, about 6; length of 

caudal peduncle, 6 to 53 times in that of the fish.” 

These specimens agree in these respects with the ordinary Japanese 
species, which has been described by Jordan and Fowler as J/squrnus 
anguillicaudatus, and which seems to be entitled to this name. 

The two species before us may be thus distinguished: 

a. Scale relatively large, about 112 (105 to 118) ina lateral series; body plump, the 
depth 64 to 62 in body; head, 6} to7#in length; barbels long, the longest 1{ to 22 
in head; eye, 2 to 3 in snout; color, relatively plain, the stripes and spots not 
very distinct. Streams of northeastern China -..-..-.---------- decemcirrosus 1 

aa. Scales relatively small, about 148 (148 to 154) in lateral series; body slender, the 

depth 63 to 8 in length; head, 64 to 6} in length; barbels short, the longest 3} to 

41 in head; eye, 23 to 3 in snout; coloration rather brighter, but very variable; 

the body with dark lateral shades and more or less numerous small black spots. 


Streams of Japan, common everywhere in Hondo, Shikoku, and Kiusiu; also 
in southeastern China, Chusan, Shanghai, ete ...----------- anguullicaudatus 2 


Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, pp. 766 to 774. 
bIdem, XXIII, 1901, p. 483. 


. , 
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1474. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06 53 833 


834 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX. 


1. MISGURNUS DECEMCIRROSUS (Basilewsky). 


Cobitis decemcirrosus BASILEwsKy, Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscow; 1855, p. 239, pl vu, 
(tolerable figure); near Peking. 
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Apsott, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1901, p. 489; 
Tientsin. 
Of this species we have seen Abbott's specimens, 47 in nuinber, 
from 50 to 250 mm. in length. 


2. MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS (Cantor).@ 


Of this species we have many specimens from various parts of Japan. 
The specimen figured in this paper has a curious history. It was 
found alive in the bilge water of a coal steamer, the Acapulco, on 
its arrival in San Francisco from Nanaimo in British Columbia. It was 


MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS. 


then kept alive in an aquarium at Stanford University for about a year. 
Apparently it had been brought alive from Japan by some Japanese 
laborer and had survived some accident which had thrown it into the 
hold of the ship. The specimen agrees fully with others from Yodo 
River at Osaka. 

Two specimens from Shanghai seem to belong to this species, 
although having the head a little longer. Head, 54, 64 in length; 
depth, 73, 8, D, 138, 141. A specimen from Taihoku in Formosa has 
the head 5% in body; depth, 64; scales, 135; eye, 64 in head, 23 in 
snout; longest barbel, 2 in head. This may prove to be a distinct 
species. Itismentioned by Jordanand Evermann as Wisqurnus anquil- 
licaudatus.° . 


“For synonymy, see Jordan and Fowler, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 766. 
6Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, 1902, p. 321, 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF FOSSIL 
SEAL FROM THE MIOCENE OF MARYLAND. 


By Freperick W. TRUE, 
Head Curator, Department of Biology. 


While engaged in collecting fossils for the United States National 
Museum from the Miocene cliffs bordering the Chesapeake Bay in 
Calvert County, Maryland, known as the ** Calvert Cliffs,” I found a 
few fossil bones which are unmistakably those of seals. These 
bones, as I have already remarked in a recent number of Science,“ are, 
so far as I am aware, the first authentic remains of fossil seals found 
in America. They consist of a nearly perfect humerus, the radius of 
a young individual (without epiphyses), a fragment representing the 
proximal end of the conjoined tibia and fibula, and an imperfect lum- 
bar vertebra. The humerus is light gray in color, but the other bones 
light brown. 

In the same locality with these remains was found a larger humerus, 
which at first I thought might be that of a seal, but on closer examina- 
tion it appears to be that of a sirenian, belonging, perhaps, to the 
Halitheriide and allied to Wetarytherium. It is broken and consider- 
ably waterworn, so that its original form can not be certainly deter- 
mined. For that reason, I do not think it necessary to devote any 
further attention to it in the present connection, though it appears to 
represent a sirenian type not hitherto found in America. — It is figured 
on Plate LX XVI, fig. 4 (Cat. No. 5360, U.S.N.M., Vert. Paleon. ). 

The smaller humerus already mentioned, though lacking the head 
and the extremity of the lesser tuberosity, is so well preserved that 
its characters are plainly discernible. It obviously represents a spe- 
cies belonging to the family Phocide, and a genus allied to Phoca, but 
is not identical with that genus nor any other existing genus of the 
family. Asa means of individualizing it, I propose to establish for 
it the new genus Leptophoca. The following are the characters as far 
as can be drawn from the humerus: 


aScience, n. s., XXII, p. 794, Dec. 15, 1905. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1475. 


836 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


LEPTOPHOGA, new genus. 


An extinct phocine pinniped mammal, having the humerus more 
slender than in any existing genus of seals. Deltoid ridge well devel- 
oped and broad at the upper, or proximal, end, but narrowing rap- 
idly below and terminating in a thin edge, which, at a point 
considerably below the middle of the bone, joins at an obtuse angle 
the ridge running to the inner edge of the trochea. Lesser tuberosity 
only moderately developed, the bicipital groove between it and the 
greater tuberosity very narrow relatively. Entepicondylar foramen 
present. Type of the genus.—Leptophoca lenis. 


LEPTOPHOCA LENIS, new species. 


Size, as determined from the humerus, about that of Poca gran- 
landica. (See Plate LX XV, fig. 1.) Least transverse diameter of 
shaft of humerus less than one-seventh the length. Breadth from ente- 
picondylar foramen to supinator ridge less than one-fourth the length. 
Internal face of deltoid ridge piane. Root of the lesser tuberosity 
not forming a strong ridge on the internal face of the shaft. 

Measurements of humerus.—TYotal length, 129 mm.; least diameter 
of shaft, transversely, 17; dztto, antero-posteriorly, on exterior side, 
27; diameter of shaft at insertion of head, posteriorly, 26; distance 
from distal end of deltoid ridge to center of trochlea, 58; greatest 
breadth on line of proximal margin of trochlea, anteriorly, 38; breadth 
from entepicondylar foramen to supinator ridge, posteriorly, 30; great- 
est breadth of trochlea, anteriorly, 24; breadth of entepicondylar 
foramen, 2.5. . 

Type-specimen. —No. 5359, U.S.N.M., Vertebrate Paleontology. 
Humerus, from Calvert Cliffs, Calvert County, Maryland, between 
Chesapeake Beach and Plum Point. Collected by F. W. True, June 
20, 1905. Plate LXXV, figs. 2-4. 

Leptophoca lenis was probably about the size of Phoca grenlandica. 
The humerus of the latter, while of almost exactly the same length, 
is much thicker, and the deltoid ridge, as in all existing seals, is thick 
distally as well as proximally. The lesser tuberosity is much more 
massive than in Leptophoca and is separated from greater tuberosity 
by a very wide bicipital groove. 

The genus J/onachus, with which several genera of fossil seals have 
been compared, differs in that the shaft is quite straight, the bicipital 
groove wide, and the entepicondylar foramen absent. 

On account of Dr. J. A. Allen’s careful analysis of the data relating 
to supposed species of American fossil seals, described or mentioned 
by Leidy and other paleontologists,” it does not seem necessary to con- 
sider them in detail inthis place. His conclusion, namely, that not a 


«J. A. Allen, North American Pinnipeds, 1880, pp. 469-476. 


= 
‘eo 


single extinct species has been certainly determined, appears, 


No. 1475. NEW FOSSIL SEAL—TRUE. 837 


in the 
light of the evidence, entirely valid. 


It is well known that P; J. Van Beneden established several eenera 
and species for remains of fossil pinnipeds found in the Tertiary of 
Antwerp, Belgium. These are described very fully and accurately 
figured in the Annals of the Belgium Museum of Natural History.4 

The genera of Phocidx are Mesotaria, Paleophoca, Callophoca, I laty- 
phoca, Gr ‘yphoc Ul, Phocanella, Monatherium, and / rophoca. A spec ies 
ot Phoca, called P. vitulinoides, is also described. Taking these in 
order, the differences from Leptophoca which the humerus presents 
are as follows: 

In Mesotaria the size is greater than in L. lenis, the bicipital groove 
is strongly developed, and the entepicondylar foramen is absent. In 
Palxophoca the shaft is straight, as in Monachus, and the entepi- 
condylar foramen is absent. In Ca//ophoca the humerus is massive, 
with the deltoid ridge short and very strong, and no entepicondylar 
foramen. In /7atyphoca the size is large and the form massive, the 
lesser tuberosity little developed, deltoid ridge short, shaft straight, 
with the external face convex. In Gryphoca the deltoid ridge is very 
strong and the bicipital groove wide and deep. In Phocanel/a the del- 
toid ridge is very short and broad. In Monatherium the size is large 
and the form massive; the shaft is straight and the deltoid ridge thick. 

The genus Prophoca merits more detailed consideration. Under the 
generic heading, Van Beneden remarks only the following, as regards 
the humerus: ‘*’The humerus has one of the sides of the bicipital groove 
quite straight and compressed, *> He places two species in the genus, 
P. rousseaui and 2. prowima, remarking that they are nearly the same 
size. It would seem from the figures, however, that the former is 
much larger than the latter. Of 7. roussevu/, Van Beneden remarks 
as follows: ‘*The humerus is distinguished from all the others because 
it is more robust and straighter, the deltoid ridge is little curved and 
its internal face is scarcely concave, while in all other seals it presents 
a deep fossa. The bicipital groove is also less deep and is terminated 
above by the greater tuberosity, which is very strong and much ele- 
vated. The posterior face (of the humerus) is not concave below the 
neck, as in the other genera.Ӣ Of 7. prordma, he remarks: ** The 
humerus is straight, asin the preceding species and differs in that par- 
ticular from existing species. The head is quite large and the neck 
little pronounced. The greater tuberosity is abraded, but it does not 
appear to have had the degree of development nor the height found in 
the ordinary seals. The deltoid ridge is straight, so that the bicipital 


ap. J. Van Bepeden. Bibeseription des Ossements Fossiles des environs d’ Anvers, 
Ire Partie, Pinnipédes ou Amphithériens, Ann. Mus. Roy. d’ Hist. Nat. Belg., I, 
1877, texte et planches. 

bIdem, p. 78. 

¢Idem, p. 79. 


838 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


groove is shallow and but little curved (ondu/ée). The external face 
of the ridge is concave as far as the neck. The entepicondylar fora- 
men is perfect. The internal tuberosity is raised into a thin ridge 
toward the posterior face.” “ 

These two species, while they present certain similarities, as indi- 
cated by the figures published by Van Beneden,? seem to me to differ 
in so many details, at least as regards the humerus, that they can hardly 
be considered as belonging in the same genus. The principal resem- 
blance between them is in the flatness of the inner face of the deltoid 
ridge, or, in other words, the shallowness of the bicipital groove. On 
the other hand, the two forms, aside from marked disparity in size, 
present numerous differences. In P. rousseaué the humerus is very 
massive and the profile of the shaft has nearly the same concavity on 
the two sides, while in 2. provima the humerus is slender and the 
external profile of the shaft nearly straight, and the internal profile is 
strongly concave. Again, the posterior profile of the shaft is concave 
in P. rousseaui and straight in P. proxima. In the former the free 
margin of the deltoid ridge is thick throughout and bends down grad- 
ually to the general surface of the shaft distally, while in P. prorima 
it is thick in upper portion, but diminishes suddenly in breadth at 
about the middle of its length, forming a distinct thin edge distally. 
Its distal termination joins the shaft ata sharp angle. The lower por- 
tion of the humerus of 7% vousseaud is wanting, and it is not known, 
therefore, whether there is an entepicondylar foramen in this species. 

On account of the differences above mentioned, I am inclined to con- 
sider 2. rousseau/ as the type and only species of the genus Prophoca. 
P. provima, as far as may be judged from Van Beneden’s figures, pre- 
sents the peculiar feature of a thin-edged deltoid ridge, much as in 
Leptophoca, bat as it differs in that the shaft of the humerus is 
straighter and that the concavity below the neck on the posterior face 
of the shaft is lacking, I am uncertain as to whether it should be 
referred to that genus. It is a little larger than Z. denzs. 

A considerable number of other species of European fossil seals 
have been described more or less fully by various authors. The 
majority of these are not comparable with Leptophoca, having been 
founded on teeth or on bones belonging to parts of the skeleton differ- 
ent from those on which Leptophoca is based. Of the two or three in 
which the humerus is known, the form from Bessarabia described and 
figured by Nordmann in 1860 under the name of Phoca maeotica® shows 
a close affinity to Leptophoca. The humerus is almost of equal size, 
and in its general form and characters and in many details, as judged 


aP>J. Van Beneden, Description des Ossements Fossiles des environs d’ Anvers, 
lre Partie, Pinnipédes ou Amphithériens, Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belg., I, 
1877, texte et planches, p. 80. 

>Idem, pl. xvin. 

¢A. Nordmann, Paleontologie Sudriisslands, IV, 1860, pp. 313 and 317, pl. xxi, 
figs. 1, 2. 


Jet 


3 No. 1475. NEW FOSSIL SEAL—TRUE. 839 


_ by Nordmann’s figures, it presents very close similarity. It appears 
to differ, however, in that the distance from the distal end of the 
deltoid ridge to the trochlea is much less than in Z. /en/s and that 
_ the transverse breadth of the bone opposite the entepicondylar fora- 
men is considerably less; the external face of the ridge appears to be 
_ convex rather than concave. I have no hesitancy in referring Phoca 
_maeotica to the genus Leptophoca, but it probably represents a spe- 
cies distinct from Z. lenis. 

Other bones from the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, which are probably, 
but not certainly, referable to Z. /en/s are figured on Plate LX XVI, 
figs. 1-3. They consist of the proximal end of the conjoined right tibia 
and fibula, a lumbar vertebra (last), and the right radius of a young indi- 
vidual. These were collected by me at the same locality as the type of 
L. lenis, and in size and general appearance suggest specitic identity. 

The fragment of the tibia and fibula resembles the same part in 
Phoca grenlandica, but is somewhat smaller and more slender and 
delicate. In its general conformation, however, it approaches nearer 
to Halicherus, especially in the position of the proximal end of the 
fibula, which is ona level with the proximal end of the tibia, and in the 
convexity of the internal face of the tibia. Theanterior and posterior 
faces of the tibia® are very deeply concave, the bone between them 
being very thin. 

The lumbar vertebra lacks the transverse processes and metapoph- 
yses and the neural spine, but the neural arch is complete and the 
anterior zygapophyses. From the shape and position of the portions 
of the processes remaining, it is probable that the bone is the posterior 
lumbar. It resembles the same vertebra in P. granlandica, but is 
considerably smaller, and the anterior zygapophyses are much more 
concave and are directed upward rather than inward. The median 
depression of the posterior epiphysis of the centrum is much below 
the level of the depression of the anterior epiphysis. The radius 
(right), which is that of a young animal, lacks the head and distal 
epiphysis. It presents no salient characters, except that the tuberosity 
is large and is situated high up toward the neck. 

The dimensions of the foregoing bones are as follows: 

Tibia and fibula.—Total length of fragment, 59 mm. ; breadth at 
proximal end, 51; transverse br eadth of condyles, 41; Hare posterior 
breadth of larger condyle, 26; of internal surface of tibia, 21. 

Lumbar vertebra. a aeiti of centrum, 33 mm.; breadth of anterior 
epiphysis, 27; depth of same, 23; vertical Heche of neural arch, 
anteriorly, 12. 

Radius.—Total length (head and epiphysis lacking), 7S mm. ; greatest 
breadth at distal end, 30; at proximal end, 16: least diameter of lf attlo; 


aIn a seal, as theshind me are directed backward, these surfaces are actnally 
external and internal in relative position. 


840 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XxX, 


The exact position in the Miocene to which Leptophoca belongs is 
a matter of much interest, and, fortunately, some light is thrown on 
that subject by the fossil shells found in the marl adhering to the type- 
specimen. These have been identified by Dr. William H. Dall, who 
kindly took them in hand at my request, as representing Venus riley7 
and a species of Crassatellites. Reference to Prof. George B. Shat- 
tuck’s article on the Geological and Paleontological Relations of the 
Maryland Miocene“ shows that Venus riley? and Crassatellites meli- 
nus have been found together in the Calvert Cliffs only in zone 10, and 
ata point 1 mile north of Plum Point; or, in other words, 2 or 3 miles 
south of the point where the bones of Zeptophoca were found. While 
species of Crassatellites have been found in other zones of the Calvert 
Clitis, Venus riley? appears to occur only in zone 10. It seems highly 
probable, therefore, that Leptophoca belongs to this zone of the Cal- 
vert formation. The Calvert formation represents the Lower Mio- 
cene, a fact which is of interest because the majority of Van Beneden’s 
genera and species are assigned to the Pliocene. Only Jlonatherium 
and Prophoca are assigned to the Miocene, and even these to the 
Upper rather than to the Lower Miocene. It is to be noted, however, 
that the ‘sable noir” in which Prophoca occurs is associated by 
Van Beneden, on the authority of Nyst, with the Miocene of the 
Vienna Basin,’ which formation Zittel places on the Middle Miocene.? 
The Tertiary beds of Bessarabia, in which the remains of Nordmann’s 
Phoca macotica, the nearest relative of Leptophoca lenis, were found, 
are also assigned to the Middle Miocene. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
Prats LDXXV. 


Fig. 1. Right humerus of Phoca grenlandica. Anterior view. 
2. Right humerus of Leptophoca lenis. Cat. No. 53859, U.S.N.M. Vert. Paleon. 
Type. Anterior view. 
3. The same. Posterior view. 
4. Thesame. External view. 
(All the figures a little less than natural size. ) 


Pirate LXX VI. 


Fig. 1. Right radius of Leptophoca lenis? Exterior view. Cat. No. 5362. 
2. Proximal end of conjoined tibia and fibula of Leptophoca lenis? Anterior 
view. Cat. No. 5361. 
3. Posterior lumbar vertebra of Leptophoca lenis? Dorsal view. Cat. No. 5363. 
4. Humerus of a fossil sirenian from the same locality as Leptophoca. Anterior 
view. Cat. No. 5360. 
(All the figures natural size. ) 


P . 
aG. B. Shattuck, Geological and paleontological relations, with a review of earlier 
investigations, Rept. Maryland Geol. Sury., Miocene, Text, 1904, pp. Ixxxvi to xcii. 
oP: J. Van Beneden—Description des Ossements Fossiles des environs d’ Anyers, 
lre Partie, Pinnipédes, Ann. Mus. Roy. d’ Hist. Nat. Belg., I, 1877, p. 79. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXXV 


HUMERUS OF LEPTOPHOCA LENIS AND OF PHOCA GRCENLANDICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 840 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXXVI 


BONES OF LEPTOPHOCA LENIS AND OF A FOSS 


FOR EXPLANATI& F PLATE § PAGE 840 


- THE GIANT BASS OF JAPAN. 


By Davip Starr Jordan and Joun OrrerBeEINn SNYDER. 
Of Stanford University, California. 


On the coasts of Japan are found two species of bass: like fishes, each 
reaching a huge size and comparable to the immense fishes known as 
jew-fishes on the coast of the United States. These species are the 
Ishinagi (stone-bass) or O’uwo (giant fish), Stercolepis ischinag?, 
(= Megaperca ischinagi Hilgendorf), and the Aburabodzu (fat-priest) 
(Erilepis zonifer Lockington= L’bisus sagamius Jordan and Snyder). 
The first species belongs to the family Serranidie, the other to the 
family Anoplopomatide, the two being not at all related. The 
accompanying plates are by Mr. William S. Atkinson. 


1. STEREOLYPIS ISCHINAGI (Hilgendorf). 


Megaperca ischinagi Hincenvorr, Sitz, Naturf, Freunde, Berlin, 1878, p. 156 
(Tokyo).—SrEmspAcHNER and DopERLEIN, Fische Japans, I, 1883, p. 228, 
pl. mm, fig. 3 (Tokyo).—JorpAN and Snyper, Check-List Fishes Japan, 
1900, p. 73 (Yokohama).—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 
1900 (July 2, 1901), p. 3854 (Tokyo). 

Head, 2;°; in length to base of caudal; depth, 22; depth of caudal 
peduncle, 8$; snout, 32 in head; maxillary, 24; eye, 5; width of inter- 
orbital space, 4;.D. XII, 11; A. III, 7; scales, 14-87-81. 

Interorbital space flat; lower jaw projecting; preorbital and subor- 
bital with strong ridges, the suborbital ridges uniting to form a single 
erest, which extends upward behind the eye; lips thick; maxillary 
extending to a point below posterior edge of orbit, its upper edge cov- 
ered anteriorly by the preorbital; supplemental maxillary distinct, its 
lower edge with a pronounced ridge. Teeth in broad villiform bands 
on jaws, vomer, palatines, and upper and lower pharyngeals; tongue 
smooth. Large pseudobranchie present; gillrakers, 3--5, large and 
strong. Opercle with 2 spines, the upper short and broad, the lower 
longer and more pointed; preopercle strongly serrate; subopercle with 
a few serrations; edge of interopercle rough; throat, snout and top of 
head naked; occipital and parietals witha few strong radiating ridges, 
which show through the naked skin; cheeks and opercles scaly; scales 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1476. 
j 841 


842 © PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


of head and body eycloid, growing slightly ctenoid posteriorly; each 
scale with a vertical, tuberculate ridge, imparting a characteristic 
roughness to the covering of the body; fins with minute scales; lateral 
line following the contour of back; first dorsal spine very short, 
almost entirely concealed; the fifth ray longest, 14 in head; membrane 
of spinous dorsal deeply incised between spines, the attached portion 
of the membrane extending halfway up anterior edge of spine; longest 
dorsal ray, 24 inhead; edge of fin, rounded; origin of anal below base 
of third dorsal ray; the spines strong and prominent, the second, 44 
in head; margin of fin rather pointed in outline; pectoral unsym- 
metrical, upper rays longest, 24 in head; ventral, 12; caudal, 64, lunate. 

Body olivaceous, with 6 broad lateral dusky stripes; the first 
extending along base of dorsal, the second following lateral line to 
‘audal peduncle where it joins the third, the fourth passing from 


FIG. 1.—STEREOLYPIS ISCHINAGI. 


base of pectoral to caudal, the fifth and sixth rather indistinct, merg- 
ing near base of anal; head dusky above; soft dorsal, anal and pectorals 
strongly edged with dusky, the soft dorsal narrowly tipped with 
whitish. 

Described from a specimen 14 inches long taken at Hakodate by the 
U.S. Fish Commission Steamer A/batross. 

In our explorations of Japan we saw specimens of the Ishinagi at 
Hakodate, Tokyo, Yokohama, and Misaki. The largest of these was 
about 6 feet in length. The species is apparently more common in 
northern Japan than southward, the center of abundance being about 
Hakodate and the Straits of Tsugaru. 

This species is well separated from Stereolepis gigas Ayres, of the 
coast of California, by the larger scales, and especially by the form of 


No. 1476. GIANT BASS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. " 843 


its spinous dorsal fin, the spines in Stereolep/s gigas being very much 
lower. The nominal genus Megaperca, however, differs but slightly 
from Stereolepis, the only tangible character resting in the marked 
_. elevation of the dorsal spines, the first dorsal being low in Stercolepis. 
_ The scales in Sfereolepis are a shade thicker and rougher, but the dif- 
ference is not one of importance. 


2. ERILEPIS ZONIFER (Lockington). 
ABURABODZU. 


Myriolepis zonifer Locxinaton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1880, p. 248 (Monterey, 
California).—Jorpaw and GiLsert, Synopsis, Fish, North America, 1883, 
p- 649 (same specimen ). 

Erilepis zonifer Gi. Science, Jan. 6, 1894, p. 54 (generic name a substitute for 
Myriolepis preoccupied by Myriolepis Egerton, a genus of fossil fishes) .— 
JorpAN and Evermann, Fish, North and Mid. Amer., II, 1898, p. 1863, 
Monterey Bay.—Smrru, MS., 1905 (specimen from Kochi, Japan). 

Ebisus sagamius JorpaAn and Snyper, Journ. College Science, Imperial Univ. 
Tokyo, XV, 1901, p. 508, pl. xv, figs. 3, 4, (Misaki, on Sagami Bay, Japan). 


Erilepis zonifer was first known from a specimen a foot long, taken 
in Monterey Bay in 1879 by Mr. William Neale Lockington, this 


Fic. 2.,—ERILEPIS ZONIFER. 


specimen being placed in the California Academy of Sciences. No 
more specimens of this genus were known until the present writers 
found in the Imperial Museum at Tokyo a very large example, evis- 
cerated and stuffed. In this specimen the union of the gill-membranes 
to the isthmus did not appear, and the existence of the suborbital stay 
beneath the skin of the cheek was not suspected. The fish was taken 
as the representative of a very aberrant new genus of Serranidx, and 
it was described under the name /d/sus sagas. 

For the information as to the identity of Hbisus with Hrilepis we 
are indebted to Dr. Hugh M. Smith, who found a very young example, 
about 4 inche8 long, at Kochi, in the island of Shikoku, in Japan. 
This specimen was identified by Doctors Gill and Smith as the young of 
Erilepis zonifer, and on this suggestion we have reexamined our specl- 


844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXX. 


men of Ld/sus sagamius. We find it to be an Zr7/epis, and we can not 
separate it from Evilepis zonifer. 

We have now before us a large example in alcohol of the Abura- 
bodzu, sent to us, together with measurements and photographs, by Mr. 
T. Matano, president-general of the Imperial Museum of Japan. From 
this specimen we are enabled to give a more exact description of the 
species, and to correct some errors in the account of disus sagamius. 
Our specimen having been eviscerated, the characters of the tongue, 
gill-arches, and pyloric ceca can not be given. The anal fin is appar- 
ently without spines, but three very small ones appear on dissection 
in the thick oily skin. The top of the head is covered with fine, 
embedded scales. Our specimen differs from the account of the Cali- 
fornian specimen called /r/lepis zonifer in the color, which no doubt 
changes with age, and in the number of dorsal spines. In our speci- 
men the two dorsal fins are separated, and the fin-rays are D. XII-16. 
In Lockington’s example we counted D. XIV-I, 15. This difference 
in the number of spines may be fallacious, as one or two may be con- 
cealed in the think skin of our adult specimen. 

In any event it is certain that Zd/sus isasynonym ot Lr/lepis. The 
Japanese species is probably the original /7//epis zonifer. Tf it should 
prove distinct it would stand as Erilepis sagamius. 


DESCRIPTION OF ERILEPIS ZONIFER FROM TOKYO. 


Head, 34 in length; depth, 34; depth of caudal peduncle, 114; eye, 
6% in head; snout, 3; width of interorbital space, 24; length maxil- 
lary, 24; D. XIJ-16; A. III-12; scales in lateral series, 122. 

The body is notably short and stout, the skin thick and saturated 
with oil, this imparting a characteristic plumpness which has sug- 
gested the Japanese names Aburabodzu, meaning ‘‘fat priest,” and 
Aburainagi, or ‘‘fat bass.” The head is large; anterior profile con- 
vex: interorbital space broad and moderately convex; snout short; 
lower jaw projecting slightly; maxillary without supplemental bone, 
extending posteriorly to a point below middle of orbit; width of narrow- 
est part of preorbital equal to vertical diameter of eye; nostrils, two 
on each side; anterior nostril circular, with an elevated rim, the pos- 
terior part of which rises in anangular prominence; posterior nostril 
oblong: branchiostegals 7, their membranes scaly; teeth small, curved, 
in broad bands on jaws and on anterior ends of palatines and vomer; 
cheek with a long strong suborbital stay hidden under the thick skin; 
pseudobranchie present; gill-membranes rather narrowly united to 
the isthmus; head without spines or serrations, completely scaled 
except on lips; scales small, etenoid, well embedded; those on upper 
anterior part of head, snout, and chin minute; rays and spines of fins 
generally with scales; posterior dorsal spines smooth; interradial 
membranes scaly, especially on the caudal; lateral line complete to 


No. 1476. GIANT BASS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 845 


base of caudal fin, following in curvature the dorsal contour of 
body; origin of spinous dorsal a little anterior to that of ventral; first 
dorsal spine short, almost concealed; third spine longest, 24 in head: 


space between spinous and soft dorsal about equal to vertical diameter 


of eye; height of longest (third or fourth) dorsal ray, 22 in head; 
origin of anal below fifth dorsal ray; spines of anal inconspicuous, 
partly concealed in fatty tissue and closely apposed to the first ray; 
the anterior one minute and easily overlooked; longest (first) ray 2+ 
in head; upper rays of pectoral longest, 13 in head; ventral, 24; pos- 
terior edge of caudal lunate, 13 in head. Color in spirits, plain brown, 
the fins edged or tipped withdusky. Length, 35 inches. Tokyo, Japan. 
The specimen probably came from the fisheries of Misaki. Although 
so rare in collections the species is well known to the fishermen. 
According to Kuma Aoki, master fisherman at Misaki, the species 
reaches a weight of 200 pounds. The type of Hbisus sagainéus was 
57 inches long (1.40 meters). 


A NEW SPECIES OF CGENOCYATHUS FROM CALIFORNIA 
; AND THE BRAZILIAN ASTRANGID CORALS. 


By T. Waytanp Vaucuan, 


Custodian of Madreporarian Corals, U.S. National Museum; Geologist, U.S. Geological 
Survey. 


iA NEW SPECIES OF CCENOCYATHUS FROM CALI- 
FORNIA. 


CG:NOCYATHUS BOWERSI, new species. 
Plate LX XVII, figs. 1-3. 


Pe aralinm forming a clump of raphe low corallites, reproduction by 
nora gemmation. The free portions of the corallites are cylindrical 
or gradually enlarged upward, varying from 3.5 to 7.5 mm. in height. 
Transverse outline of the calices subcircular or slightly compressed, 
diameter from 4.5 to nearly 7 mm. Externally costate; the coste 
equal, low, flat, and granulate, separated by narrow, slightly impressed 
intercostal furrows. 

In the larger calices the fourth cycle of septa almost complete, pri- 
maries and secondaries of practically the same thickness and length, 
moderately stout, tertiaries and quaternaries usually rather thin. Sep- 
tal margins entire, very slightly exsert. Septal faces densely and 
coarsely granulate. Pali strongly developed before the penultimate 
cycle, resembling those of Caryophyllia, they are usually much thicker 
than the septa before which they stand, and are about half as long. 

Calice excavated, rather deep, abruptly depressed in the center, 
Columella well developed, composed of one or a few twisted or curled 
laths. 

Locality.—San Miguel Island, California. 

Type.—Cat. No. 21,138, U.S.N.M., donated by Dr. Stephen Bowers, 
of Los Angeles, California. 


PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXX—No. 1477. 
847 


848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


II. THE BRAZILIAN ASTRANGID CORALS. 


In my Stony Corals of the Porto Rican Waters“ I published the 
following paragraph: ‘‘ There are three astrangids found on the Bra- 
zilian reefs. One is Phyllangia americana; another may be only a 
varietal form of A. sol/taria, but probably is a distinct species; the 
third is an undescribed species, which I have named in manuscript, 
Astrangia rathbuni.” Professor Verrill cites these remarks in his 
Reyised List of Brazilian Reef Corals.’ It is scarcely necessary to 
make remarks on the Phy//angia americana, but the two others will 
be described. 

ASTRANGIA BRASILIENSIS, new species. 


Plate LX XVII, figs. 3—6. 


Corallites reproducing by budding from basal stolons, spreading 
over variously shaped objects of support, occasional lateral gemma- 
tion. The corallites are scattered, distant, from 1.5 to 4 mm., or 
even more, between their bases. Diameter at the calice from 2 to 
4 mm.; height of full-grown corallites about 4 mm. Externally 
obscurely costate near the calicular edge, the coste alternating in size. 
The lower portion of the corallites is encrusted, in some instances 
there appears to be epitheca. 

Septa in three complete cycles with about half the members of the 
fourth, in a calice 2.5 mm. in diameter. This seems to be the usual 
number in the larger calices. The primaries may be slightly the 
largest, the secondaries almost equal them in size, or primaries and 
secondaries may be of practically the same size; the tertiaries are 
smaller; the quaternaries often rudimentary. Septal margins ob- 
scurely dentate, only slightly exsert. Erect narrow paliform lobes 
present before all septa except those of the last cycle. Sides of both 
septa and pali granulated. Calicular fossa deep. Columellar surface 
papillate. 

Locality.—Periperi, Bahia, Brazil. 

ZType.—Cat. No. 10940 U.S.N.M. Collected by Richard Rathbun, 
Geological Commission of Brazil, 1876. 

Remarks.—Vhe preceding description is based on a single specimen. 
There are several other specimens in the United States National 
Museum. The principal variation shown is in the height of the coral- 
lites, which may be between 9 and 10 mm. tall. When the corallites 
are so tall the calices are somewhat larger, nearly 5 mm. in diameter, 
the septa somewhat more exsert and the coste more pronounced. 

A. brasiliensis is very closely related to A. sol/taria (Le Suenr). 
The corallites of the former average smaller, are more scattered and 


#U.S8. Fish Commission Bulletin for 1900, II, 1901, p. 299. 
bTrans. Conn. Acad. Sci., XI, 1902, p. 194. 


ag M77. BRAZILIAN ASTRANGID CORALS—VAUGH,. LN. 849 


more isolated than in the latter; the septa of the latter are 
A. rathbuni (the second Brazilian Astrangia) resembles A 
in habitus more than does 4. brasiliensis. 


stouter. 


solitaria 


ASTRANGIA RATHBUNI, new species. 
Plate LXX VIII. 


Corallum incrusting, attached to objects of various shapes, often 
forming small, rounded clumps. The corallites are not crowded. and 
are more or less tufted. Reproduction by basal expansions, which are 
frequently stoloniferous in character, occasionally by lateral eemma- 
tion. Sometimes there appear to be shreds of epitheca oma the 
corallites. | 

The corallites are rather tall, as much as 7 mm., but 4 mm. is prob- 
ably anaverage. The calices are rather large. The measurements of 
3 are as follows: 


Measurements. 1 ie Pe ial 
} | 
| | 

| mm. | MLL, NLL. 
Gneaten diameters. 2225) 7 6" 4.5 9 | 
RE : : at) | 
Lesser diameter __._--- he 16 De i} fa OC 


The cost of the corallites are indistinct, except just below the calic- 
ular margin, where they are small, but show a recognizable alterna- 
tion of larger and smaller. 
The septal margins project very slightly above the upper edge of 
the corallite wall; the septa are thin ard narrow above the bottom of 
the calicular fossa. In the larger corallites there are four complete 
cycles. The members of the first and second cycles reach the columella, 
those of the third cycle usually bend toward the members of the 
second, and those of the fourth toward the members of the third. ‘The 
margin of all septa are dentate, the dentations frequently truncated, 
sometimes showing secondary dentations on the inner edge, but not 
in the sinus between dentations. Paliform lobes are not distinctly 
differentiated. The calicular fossa is very deep. The columella is 
weak and is papillary above. 
Localities. —Paqueta, Rio Janeiro, and Bay of Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 
Type specimen.—Paqueta, Rio Janeiro (No. LO974, U.S. Nat. Mus.). 
Collected by Richard Rathbun, Geological Commission of Brazil, 1877. 
There are eight specimens in all. 
 Remarks.—The most nearly related recent species of the West 
Indian region i8 Astrangia astreiformis M. Edwards and Haime. The 
corallites of this species are more intimately united one to another, 
Proce. N. M. vol. xxx—06——54 


850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL M USEUM. VOL. XXXum 


the septa are thicker, in three cycles, and the calicular fossa is shal- 
lower. A. rathbun? is more closely related to Astrangia lineata 
(Conrad) from the Chesapeake Miocene of the eastern United States, 
but there are important differences. The corallites of A. /incata are 
decidedly larger and are more turbinate in shape. 

This species is named for Dr. Richard Rathbun. 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
Pirats LX XVII. 


Figs. 1, 2, 3, Canocyathus bowersi, new species. Fig. 1, a side view of the corallum, 
natural size; fig. 2, side view of a corallite, x 4; fig. 3, calicular view of a coral- 
lite, x 4. : 

Figs. 4, 5, 6, Astrangia brasiliensis, new species. Fig. 4, view of a colony from above, 
natural size; fig. 5, calicular view of two corallites, x 4; fig. 6, view of the side 
of the same corallites, x 4. 

Prats LX XVIII. 


Astrangia rathbuni, new species. Fig. 1, corallum, natural size; fig. 2, calices, x 4; 


fig. 8, coste, x 4. 


U. S. NATIONA 
L MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. LXXVII 


CCENOCYATHUS BOWERS! AND ASTRANGIA BRASILIENSIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAG 850 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PR 
PROCEEDINGS, VO xXx xX P XXVII 
- A =) Le 1 


ASTRANGIA RATHBUNI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590 


NEW FISHES FROM SANTO DOMINGO. 


By Barron W. Evermann and H. Warton Crark. 
Of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 


Recently Mr. August Busck, of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, spent several months in the West Indies 
in the interests of that Bureau. While in the interior of Santo 
Domingo, some 40 miles northwest from the capital, he collected a few 
small fishes from a small brook in the San Francisco Mountains. These 
have been turned over to us by Mr. Busck for identification. 

Although the collection is very small, containing but 6 specimens, 
it proves to be of much interest in that 3 of the 4 species represented 
appear to be entirely new. 

All the specimens are in fair condition. The following is a list of 
the species represented, with descriptions of those believed to be new: 


PLATYPCCILUS PERUGIZ Evermann and Clark, new species. 


Head 4 in body; depth3.4; eye 3 in head; snout 3.4; interorbital 2; 
D. 8; A. 7; Br. 6; scales 28-8, 12 in front of dorsal. 

Body short, greatly compressed, especially posteriorly, the dorsal 
contour gently arched from nape to origin of dorsal fin; the ventral 
outline strongly arched from tip of snout to origin of anal, the sides 
of the long, greatly compressed caudal peduncle nearly straight; least 
depth of caudal peduncle 1.5 in head, and 2 in its length from posterior 
end of base of dorsal; head rather small, broad and flat above, rather 
sharp and wedge-shaped in lateral profile; mouth a very small straight 
transverse slit at tip of snout, somewhat above level of middle of 
orbit; premaxillaries very protractile; when drawn out the mouth 
assumes the form of a short, round tube; lips thin, the lower somewhat 
cleft; teeth minute, conical, clear in color, apparently in one row along 
the edge of the lower jaw, in the movable bones of which they are 
loosely set. 

Dorsal rather short but high, its longest ray 1.75 in head, its base 2, 
its origin midway between tip of snout and middle of caudal fin; anal 
similar, set somewhat farther back, its origin about under the middle 


pass a E aoe! = 
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXX—No. 1478. A 
oo 


852 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


of dorsal; ventrals rather short, reaching to vent; pectoral reaching 
about to origin of ventrals; caudal broad, rounded; scales large. 

Color in spirits, yellowish brown; a very narrow but faint black 
dorsal streak; upper parts of side with minute punctulations which 
tend to collect along the edges of the scales, giving the appearance of 
light spots alternating with dark crescents along the rows of scales; 
the spots tend to collect more densely, and in the center of the row of ~ 
scales along axis of body, making a narrow black line along the middle 
of the side and another short line beneath it for the anterior third of © 
the length; scales on base of caudal with one minute row of dots along 
the margin, giving, under magnification, the appearance of a delicate 
lace-work; cheek silvery; fins pale, except the dorsal which is some- 


FIG. 1.—PLATYPCCILUS PERUGI®. 


what dusky and with a small black blotch at the posterior edge of its 
base; peritoneum black. 

One specimen, a female containing a number of rather large yellow 
egos; differing from related species by its much narrower compressed 
body, larger eye, more fully arched back and general coloration, and 
in having teeth larger and more evident. 

This species is close to P. mentalis, described in 1876 by Doctor Gill, 
from the Isthmus of Panama. A comparison of our specimen with 
the type of that species shows it to differ in several important respects, 
namely, the smaller dorsal and anal, somewhat smaller scales; shorter 
snout, and in the coloration. 

Type.—Cat. No. 53278, U.S.N.M., a female 1.63 inches long, col- 
lected in September, 1905, in a small stream in the San Irancisco 
Mountains, Santo Domingo, by August Busck. 

We take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Alberto Perugia 
in recognition of his work on the fishes of the West Indies. 


PLATYPC@CILUS DOMINICENSIS Evermann and Clark, new species. 


» 


Head 3.9 in body; depth 3.75; eye 3.2 in head; snout 3.5; interor- 
bital 1.75; D. 8; A. 8; V. 6; P. 13; scales 27-8, 12 in front of dorsal. 
Body robust, not greatly compressed except posteriorly; caudal 
peduncle very deep, its least depth about 1.5 in head; head and body 


nos. SANTO DOMINGO FISHES—EVERMANN AND CLARK 853 
to dorsal flattened above; head small, upper outline straight, lower 
curved; mouth a small horizontal cleft, in line with axis of eve: pre- 
maxillaries very protractile; teeth on edge of jaw very small, conical 
brown-tipped par fol ‘OW, | nother an 

tipped, apparently in one row, and loosely set in the weak 
lower jaw. 

Dorsal short, rather low, its longest ray about 2.3 in head, its base 
2.5, its origin about midway between tip of snout and end of caudal 

fin or midway between gill-slit and base of caudal: anal similar to 
dorsal, its origin under third dorsal ray; ventrals about 1.6 in head, 
their tips reaching vent; length of pectoral about 1.5 in head, the tip 
scarcely reaching origin of ventrals. * 

Color in alcohol, yellowish, with a rather broad distinct black line 
along middle of bach, and a black blotch at posterior part of base of 
dorsal fin; side dusky above, the color due to fine punctulations dis- 
tributed mostly at the bases of the scales, the posterior margim of 
each scale yellowish; belly, lower half of side, and under parts of head 


Fig. 2.—PLATYP@CILUS DOMINICENSIS. 


yellowish; pectoral and dorsal dusky, other fins plain; tip of lower 
jaw dusky, gill-covers dusky, gill-cavity dark; peritoneum black. 

The collection contains 3 specimens, all females, about 1.5,to 2 inches 
in length. 

This species is closely related to Platypwcilus perugie, from which 
it differs, however, in the thicker body, the less arched back, the 
smaller eye, in the presence of a very distinct black line along median 
line of back, and in the darker coloration of the back and upper part 
of side; the interorbital space is also wider and the caudal peduncle 
deeper. 

The type specimen contained 12 eggs, yellow in color, and about 
one-ninth inch in diameter. 

Type.—Cat. No. 58277, U.S.N.M., a female 2 inches long, collected 
in a small stream in the San Francisco Mountains in the interior 
of Santo Domingo, some 40 miles from Santo Domingo City, Septem- 
ber, 1905, by August Busck; cotypes, No. 1454, Bureau of Fisheries, 
and No. 9350, Stanford University, from same locality. 


854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX. 


AGONOSTOMUS MONTICOLA (Bancroft). 
DAJAO. 
One specimen 3 inches long. 
SICYDIUM BUSCKI Evermann and Clark, new species. 


Head 4.25 in body; depth 6; eye 4.75 in head; snout 2.37; maxillary 
2: interorbital 3; scales 57-20; D. VI-I, 8; A. I, 7; Pais. 

Body elongate, rather quadrate in cross-section, the back broad and 
flat or slightly concave, the caudal peduncle stout, its least depth 1.97 
in length of head; head rather large, broad and flattish above, the 
frontal profile rounded, the eyes near the top of the head and pro- 
jecting above the profile; mouth horizontal, small, the mandible not 
reaching to anterior border of orbit, the blunt snout and upper jaw 
much projecting beyond the small lower jaw; teeth minute, those in 
upper jaw brown, curved, the posterior side concave, the anterior 
convex, in a single rasp-like row hidden behind the thin but somewhat 


Fic. 3.—SICYDIUM BUSCKI. 


fleshy upper lip, those in lower jaw small but stout and conical, brown- 
tipped, few in a single row which is interrupted in the middle and 
terminated at each end by peculiar and conspicuous tubercles which 
arise on a sharp ridge situated on or just within the fleshy lower lip; 
a thin fold with a central projection just back of the teeth, corre- 
sponding to the broader palatine fold above; gill-slits rather narrow, 
gill-membranes broadly joined to the isthmus. 

Spinous dorsal rather low, its longest spine 2.16 in head, its base 
1.32, its origin about one-third the distance from tip of snout to base 
of caudal, its contour gently rounded, the posterior rays lying close 
to back; soft dorsal similar in shape but more produced behind, its 
longest ray 2.71 in head, its base longer than head, about 4.25 in body, 
its origin midway between eye and base of caudal; anal similar in shape 
to soft dorsal and inserted somewhat behind it, its longest ray 2.71 in 
head, its base 1.13 in head; pectoral broad and rounded, extending 
back to about middle of spinous dorsal, its length 1.39 in head; ven- 
trals united into a round disk, rather straight in front, but rounded 
behind, displaying in the bottom 6 stout radiating ridges (3 on each 


d 
p 


Dae he 


SS a 


No. 1478. SANTO DOMINGO FISHES—EVERMANN AND CLARK. 855 


side), these arising from a common center and pointing outward 
and backward and branching at the end into smaller rounded ridges, 
between which are intercalated other fine round ridges, somewhat 
resembling the gills of a mushroom in general disposition, and termi- 
nating in the finely crenulate margin of the disk; caudal broadly 
rounded, scales small, weakly ctenoid; head, cheeks, and breast naked, 

General color in alcohol, yellowish brown, somewhat mottled with 
olivaceous above, the sides with minute punctulations which are more 
crowded in the centers of the scales along the side forming indistinct 
horizontal dark lines along the rows of scales; belly white; fins some- 
what dusky, the dorsals dark-edged, anal with a black line near the 
margin, caudal blackish at the tip; in some lights there appears to be a 
series of faintly dusky blotches along the sides and along the back; 
peritoneum apparently blackish. 

This fish appears to be closely related to S. punctatum Perugia, 
which it resembles in generel coloration and in the number of scales. 
It differs from that species, however, in having a much longer snout, 
shorter pectoral, smaller eye, and ia haying fewer rays in the dorsal 
and anal fins, and the lower part of the head is not evidently punctate. 

Only one specimen obtained, the type, No. 53276, U.S.N.M., 2.375 
inches long, small brook in San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, 
collected September, 1905, by August Busck, for whom we take great 
pleasure in naming the species. 


Page. 

AGATA CNOT, See oes OSB ee ee Eee 105 

Poe eee Se oe eo 105 

Patel PL OUIMINIS Remains - esis cote ocnccecceess 200 

JU WOMUCUS =e msciscns sais Sees 200 

FAME HISEELCO Perera aie fokinciesccsls cv ecdeccseche 834 

SAMENESS ia Scale cixiwee aoe ve ba voce eais 397 

TV SVWXO) OUD 2 oe ee ee ee 397 

PTR OO Mears ycterais xista sic oeic,s.cele wales 398 
(Acipenseride) of Japan. A Synopsis of 
the Sturgeons, by David Starr Jordan and 

John Otterbein Snyder ..................- 397 

JAKUIUES: A 3c e6q0 QRReCeE BE ae 187 

DEN OU 2 ae ae SoBe ee Ree 188 
. (Acrididze), Notes on South American 
Grasshoppers of the Subfamily Acridine, 
with Descriptions of New Genera and 

Species, by James A. G. Rehn............ 371 
Acrididz, or Locusts, Synoptic List of Para- 
guayan, with Descriptions of New Forms, 

DyebawwrenCeIBruner ..-2=22.-00.--0se.ees 613 

JNO: Soo elope eee ee 618, 640 
Acridine (Acridid#), Notes on South 
American Grasshoppers of the Subfamily, 
with Descriptions of New Genera and 

Species, by James A. G. Rehn ......-..-.. 371 

NEMIGMIM CUMIN ALUM... 5... -2 2-2 s5 ae 637 

RUC TM PAULI e755 - ac =(s iss =i xj0::0'=10im 652 

ENSICOTMMM Soe oe2 oni cictets.cs asicicee p25 

TOM PIPEMIME PS ea -mi- ceca. lise 23 662 

(MTN COLON aa mes ee ecco Scio cee.ne\<'s 655 

- (Osmilia) obliquum ............. 694 

WIOIACCUIM cece ane-ee 694 

(EWR. = ea a epododeoseeenore 676 

MELGSUMNMINA = oe sen <eja ns - se csee~ 676 

(Podesina) lemuiscatum.....-..-- 679 

DPALLUCLISU 2 -2----ss0- 681 

{CUE i nnNe = AS See ponbeeaae ooeoos 628 

(Schistocerca) peregrinum....--- 676 

serratum ..... BO oe asta cata'e ania ce 644 

BPE CLOSUM ee ete ieine cc lininiele=/==nis 651 

Poe UP et © nic icc sisrareciainislse 652 

STELIOS eee iaeiare e tle,«, <i Cisibio cisions 666 

ANGrOlOPHMS GeNVIMUS -...-.205-------e-s--- 736 

REO ISE WA epee setae et) cic, simiepetaisia lo 736 

IGE UN Siac ome beetes ect ane sioe's 736 

AecTromMOoOtodes WNICOlOY. ......-------------5- 533 

JS@ROINETES, 5 = 5 cho seer Se se Ue CCS a DE EES 568 

‘Acrydium flavofasciatum .........--.------ 675 

serrato-fasCiatum ...........-..- 644 
Additions to the Exhibition Series of Verte- 
brate Fossils. Notes on Some, by Charles 

W. Gilmore........ Bete eae cierais.s.a/sjereleine 607 

— 


INDEX. 


Page. 
Aclimianiiiigh so" + tere eee ee ee eae 666 
Withieepsi--bes oko eee eee 666 
A GIOSTOl Bs Genie ks cei eee ee 173 
DOlita. Sasso ee en a 173 
A COCR PB See ca he se ce ee eee 124 
ALOMOSHe sco ee 124 
ZEQUIG ens vill aisteneee sane cease meee 797 
Africa. Notes on Birds from German and 
British East, by Harry C. Oberholser..... 801 
Ar ath apni aul aeeetete ee tae ee ae ee 326 
WINGO SN todas eee een eee oe 335 
Agnippevevippeellan: eco< 2m ee cee eee 72 
APONOStOMUSMMONCOlA. osss case as coe nee 854 
ASNOSIS CHINENSIS' Sass es a8 ee eee 564 
IROGTIGNIC 443-2. eens sos aera 564 
METAULOS rs 2 cs ae aaioeet cre neasasicawateae teens 576 
CHILES ope eee cet ats Oe 576, 578 
QTM AUS. oa a co saypere enocee 565, 566, 576 
CRDAK eso se se ecw 565, 566, 579, 580 
Mivdeee shad eo et ae eee 578 
dolomite cass pease eee eee 577 
mMelipl4 Sosa 565, 5€6, 576, 578, 587 
MCLGs ee See eee 565, 566, 576 
ODSCUIRE saa. 0- Saree ee eee 565, 566, 577 
MOPUUIATISN occ ote secs 565, 566, 578 
Uta este aces ae tac ae 565, 566, 579, 588 
WICH <2 See we Soe aes 565, 566, 579 
ALGAMeNeS CTISUALUIS=: -ncee eee eeeee see ee 650 
ANGisisemmManiaes-ca2-- ae secesss eee Cee 513 
Niectomrondosnie snes shes ee eee 50 
MP RUMIS se bo see oe es eee ene ees 10, 11, 58 
NIGGER SIO SO OInC Oso noe Tees 667 
bree hiypter uses aoe see ae ele re wre 667 
PUNCUIS ee eeeee sree see ee lanete ee 668 
limentbusinsc. os aotee wae eaten eeemeneeea 668 
WilMGOUIS 2 soeem eee ee cee eae 667 
INQ IGE Dane ae ear ba> Depa come aca eee 186 
Arn ot bis: CONGINN fan s-cer—e.see ces see = eae 365 
jo sVlibearte NS SAB Sasee= ose ewe 365 
WATE Ooo cae nase e eee am 335 
AQ AUIT aN OUIV ACER S— s2 k= mace eaenaaie amine 236 
Amblyospiza ethiopica........-,----------- 804 
albifrons ethiopica.....-..--- 804 
AbLUrOnSe:. oes] 26 804 
Amblyscapheus ........----------+-----:= 622, 632 
JineGatissnes.eces osc cew see 633 
Amblystoma opacum........--------------- 70,81 
Amblytropidia .........---.---------- 871, 622, 680 
RUPLVCDUUIS< sae = aiseease a= ee 371 
BUISETALIS ee ce ee ee eieetama = 631 
CGhAPAGENSIS \\.- 222s -=- 2 ~- 37 
GlON SANs soos: renee eee = 371 


858 INDEX. 
Page. 

Amblytropidia ferruginosa.....-..-...-..-- 631. | ‘Annicenis ferrugineus 2. --...2:.2..s>2<nc2e- 672 
TOUStaS 2s. eee eee 631. | Amomocare. 228-2. 2 sche = ae 565, 581, 584 
trimitabises.< ooo. seen stece ne 371 RICINOE SSS. Seen eee 587 
Vibtateiics: Lessee eae 631 DeTSiOM. 2: ones eee sees 582 
American Moths of the Genus Cosmopteryx DISS DWT oot ee a ee 565, 566, 581 
Hiibner. A Review of the, by August ULES! 2 = Sassao eect see 587 
Busek: 2 sc...0 shexee teste eee eee 707 eriopiaL es). oe eee 565, 566, 582 
American, New, Paleozoic Ostracoda, Notes Bava snes: Poe ee eee 565, 566, 583 
and Descriptions of Upper Carboniferous latelimibabiamne-= access 582 
Genera and Species, by Edward O. Ulrich WUDUS: wa. sec ee Gast ees oe 587 
and. Ray'S. Bassler 2. .--.pse-s=s scesseee= 149 PAG ADS2 2.50. nasi eee 582 
American Pentremite. A New, by Charles Cemienus!s 2222.2 chee 582, 583 
Schuchért)2 52-240 ne eee ee seamen 79 :|' cAmomocarellae:. hace sao nen Coes eee eee 584 
American Pyramidellide. Noteson Japan- Colo allt) (lees SS Ae 565, 566, 584 
ese, Indopacific, and, by William Healey Vg 10: oy re Ogg ae os 565, 566, 584 
Dalliand Paul Bartsehe=.22---s sees eee = 321}, Anophyllacciof2 ces ase oo ceete ease ee meeeee 414 
Amia notata... s-bscco-2 ees <ienee reese oe 698 obehiscatals 7223: steerer eee 414 
AmM OGy tes a222 seas oes cae e ee eee 727 | “AmUhOZ0a. Jo22 2 occ ae eee eee ee eee 566 
alascanus:...-.-' bee seoceice 727. An tiplecta te set. ee et ee eee eee 399 
AMETICANUS=- 2). lecceeciee estas 717 ChOS1G so 2.5 ecco eae ee ae eee 399 
DETSOMAUUIS emer erento 717 cinerascens 22-3. 3- s-5 see eee 400 
toplanus: =: fe. eee eae 717 nigripletacs. oh sscocee eee eee 400 
Vibtatusencesecc< emcn eee te eee 717 triangularis® 22. ecco enea eee 401 
AMMOGY IGE OS wescccs Dotees sae ee eeeene 716° -Apantelesfulvipes! == s.-scces erecta renee 193 
Ammodytide of the Waters of Japan, A VILLI penis Fao 2e~ ance ee ae 193 
Review of the Sand Lances or, by David Aparchites(ee.. ccc oan ese scenes 150 
Starr ordamy, oo.s'. seeossioncectsecmpecet 715 @llltptied. 2.22 easseece cle eat 150 
Am phigonia: 2.2260 vse ecte oso aeeceeeet ae 112) “Apechthist..20-5..acss05 see ce eae 178 
brunnea 5 ss-bessueceee eee meee 112 Orbitalis: 2 8. Se. ee eee 178 
AMPIEXOPOMA Ss. cosas eee ecee eee eye Cees 13 SUPPOLOENSIS) = oe anos eee 178 
discoldenesse cee esecens 1d, 12):58,59" | Aphanophileps: --.cc.2---ce ese ee eee 433 
filiosay mee) 4 ooo oe ee 12 VAIMOSAT) Bisse ee ee 433 
Petasiiormis See eee oe ee 11,31 VUlpIne<s-2 ee eee rece 433, 434 
wWelehir Ss 2sct. 13) A phiGiling 3. {.c..ceseee ae als cee eee eee 187 
Amydria marjoriellacc o.ce=sassser sees cia 783.) ADHIGIUS c,2.05 cece. ee aes ae ee eee 187 
ANACHhIS GiIMIN Widens a See ee eee eae 323 areolatisy:,: -cvccsseee-e cee eee 189 
Anaphors, popeanellae ses eee eee eee eee 736 PIfWENSIS Ss ..5 256 soe eee 188 
ANETOICH AS TASCIALIS see eee a ceee seen eee 706 JapPONI CUS: 5 -aece ee cnce eee eee 189 
AMAXIPUS cic. scree Seen eS ae ee eee 603 1aGhnivoOrus e525 eee see ee 189 
Anderson, Robert Van Vleck, List of Fishes Aplocheiluslahipesie:e--a-coeeeee ee eee 144 
Collected on Tanega and Yaku, Offshore ‘Apozonichth yids, Sassa-ee seen 698 
Islands of Southern Japan, by, with — Apotettim:. 2es2 cess ene Face oases eee ene 614 
Descriptions of Seven New Species, by brumeri’ ci. ck eleeticnoe cee oes eee 614 
David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Archseocyathine& 3 /225223 0. eee eect eeee 567 
Starks sc. 2s teen set Sate SA OA 695") ‘Archoscionanglisss2->.4e-eee soe eee 793 
An pula vjaponicacens:- = --ue so seeeee cetera 695'/) -Argesisimonsilt 2s-—--. --eee eee eee eee itd: 
Anpuillidse:..cute sc tbek be ook eee ee teeters 695, |. Arpid’...c5. sos. o2-be sant cee oe een eee 771 
ADiara PIOXIM Gc ose sae cee ores cetecrenes 235) | SATSYTACHS S.. otme oon emeco aaa ehee tem eees 133 
AANISOGES 22.42 .netoe mace ceed techie eee 427 cineralis:s.) 225*ss-- ase eee 133 
sbruptamia).<2o acess len sare eee eee 427 cyloialis:-6-<esc. sees eee ee 135 
aurantiata variety Atridiscata.... 428 PuaAdarensis : 2) .- se ceese eee 133, 184, 136 
delineate: a=. +. esate ce ante nce 428 herminalis\-<5 2 <.ct-4ceeee eee 134 
ferruginaty.....2sccces cee ee eeeee 429 jalapalis:ss. See seen cenmeee 134 
HAVicOrMMis:2e2ces. esse ee eee 429 Sinitalis}/iv. tect eee eee ee 135 
AAVIPUNCtA eek ences ac econ ceeaee 429.-| Argyrotenian: jc. aos. cae coe eens 717 
nieroplyphicassseescoasaeoeeeeee A29: || ATiSta@vias: ose. vee Sekine ote oe ae eee ee 124 
lewenniatat 2: S20 ess 430 aztecalis.<s.2<2S4e0 eee 126, 128 
nigropustulatd cece oe see eee 431 | pocantis (..S5..35sesee2e nee 126 
POLLEria: J. c2sen te oe seen soe see 430 CONSPICUB 5... Se nace ase see seen 125 
atricticata: : JS... see ee ss eeee eee 431 orizabalis:.:2; s:0--sss5 cee ee eee 124 
Subcarnearia #:sc.s<seosesscesee 432 Picatalig.:.co0 2 Ssc.geensmamceeneee o 125 
suberew:...-Lhene Jets tee eewen ees 430 Ticalisy.cc shoe ck ante se eeeaeeeeen 126 
BUubviolescengiceciss2 sce eseeeseene 431 stolalis:c 22. scusatceseceeeeaeretes 127 
PELTON ie... shee sees ewes eee mons 432 trinitalig!<te.cce sch eneee won sence 125 
Anisotremus pacifici <2. °.Ueteasscsneeteae 788 | Aristotelia elegantella.........s.scceesscees 724 
BGAPUIOTIS, «veveowanhtene neces (OL) 050 TUbDIGS]As cscnvewucebn view nana ee Soa 


INDEX. 


Page. 

A\TTUINING) 9-386 OSB S SEE Ene eee 659 

MORCINEIDESaseen ec oe co cers eerste 659 

CIT GMOMOS ete cic sec ce eyo cse esr , 659 

PMG eee Sec craribi na cise + a 659 

WALT OLIN peeaee tae ee 659 

JNTIGTIUIED 6 he cee 85 

 (UIREHIOL 2.2 a eee See ae een 86 

emcees ceca co ea 85 

GUTOCG 64 ote rr 86 

SeUIUN yee eas SE 5 5 oke oAate cans 87 

HVOMMSOMM es sesnc so-so ss ae wren es = 86 

PRU LIMOMeM a COMMIS’ oc <-----ccceeccecceseee- 15 

PSGUNMOPOLAsOMUNCATAL . .s2os.c5s.leacece ese 15 

CIUNGUMNM ATTENSIS) 9<52 2s-.0-0% <2 14, 59 

cleavelandi .........-.... 14, 56, 59, 60 

IRETDUCICVENSISs ote oo sjon ses. <== 15, 60 

SITE Deer eicle cb cscs Seemiais ees 14, 56 

-cleavelandi........... 14 

ANS(UOERRO. G5 ogo.5 Geen COBaee BES eee Eee aes 191 

SPIES Sy es esc -n. sows ewe 191 

JSS(UCU MOG? 50200 p et GS OSE SORE eee ee ee 504 

ASGUIOE ES 4 0 dg see noe OEE OES EEE eee eae 432 

MeGDEUONesasee ts sae sone ce scc oe 432 

WHEN OU) een cee bs Sean AS a ee ere 432 

JXS GUILE) «ooo S wags On ne OREO ET eae ae 534 

WHMCS cent peIe COLE Eee ae ne eee 534 
Ashmead, William H., Descriptions of New 

Hymenoptera from Japan.............-.. 169 

PRS ALCON etee= see ale «sc ce cine soso steaes = 706 

PAS CLO ORDER ore see ina aig)ncGlee a's Bane a= ee 9 

Galen pesca seesceice steis'e 16, 17, 58, 59 

SC COMURIC Hoe ecco dais bale 10; 17, 59 

ME WOELDVIE ceca oct ar ccecmes as 11 

PAU LUESTIcl metas eee eet arcnic co Gicis sees e bia deen o 183 

MUMOCIM GLARE emery ce cise see 183 

ASITAMP IA ASCLCMTOLUUS . 22.262 - H's vase cnecins 849 

LHSIMETISISIee Sacincce ccc cocee = 848, 849 

INGA saa sae RC BOG eS Soap SE eeae 850 

TAU MUN Meenas satsescsinews 848, 849, 850 

SOUIUHM Avie ste donne cree ae cyan 848, 849 


Astrangid Corals. A New Species of Coeno- 
eyathus from California and the Brazil- 


ian, by T. Wayland Vaughan .........--- 847 
Astylospongia subrotundus ........-..----- 31 
PASO LRM eM sole os aictciioc Saja aieietsc se seis 500 

BIPM Awe oe tec coc wckoess snes wosee 500 
tACLOPOLAaSILOTAMOSA .. ..a2-2 20 antes 45 
PACE TICE PME erases aicinicinsisieiaic@aese sa asicce cla 186 

[OAD ING CES ee RCo MeR SE ae a Sena ore 186 
UM ETIM GNA CUNOSR aac s.cccscs0s-sniescsecnes 698 

TAGIINS) CCR SB Hee Ean e oR Ee Sona eene 697 

ROS MOGULS ES oy lets eae ie ere se siiste Stele ercnye 698 
J ATLITHIDUTG RS Sec CB SRR EOC BE EOE ere 697, 783 
EMI@UCORS) - 305 de CUS g On COREE EEE SAE apres 534 

SUM SMISee es ee ee cece eee Ra @ 530 
JATRECINGI SOE, 53 2 OEE Ae See Se Eee 677 

NIM COLGEE 2 ents tes seit onic === = = 677, 685 

SA Cae ANDO Ate ete aie feist Acca cinjniale civieinaie od <!msinie's 722 
pilLA CHONG) sas Seabee ASE eeenCOeesE sas 722 

PATIRU Stee tert alae si oiarcw wie lols s vinie'sie winnie aie'e 409 
ROT CIES Per ete a tcterai= cia -!='c\a'ais s wate'~i= 5/s.=\< 409 
PANTIE OGL CSemeeiyeecinainis elcle 12 so asm winemle ens seise 138 

GOVMPSEMTS (2), cisinie sleacieiwis's|>\° ewe = 139 

ATOMS @eeels = atk ain ,cleinie'a/slsse ciasieise 138 

DAMPHligg 2-2. e neces eweeecnees 139 

templalis ......... Bey amo aien aint 138 


859 


Page. 
(PAUULOpOTaanond OSniee esses ee eee eee 50 
feds yhlvo) se} )) chee ee een Se A. 169 
AULOMENIS S95 x ae Sea eee een! 87 
OMI eps, See re 88 

CUTVITAGa sy 225 ee tes 91 
INSU ce a Rae ae 90 

TMStrisss gees See ae ee 91 
TOMO Se ao 5 ae See 88 
JUCUNTEOINCS seers aes ee eee 89 
MeTIC AN hs ocean I ie ee 87 
MOV CSCAK ts ae osertaiae eo e 90 

GLO des) hs ands ns eee Soe ae 91 
OFOGINGL Saws 5: Geeta Coe eee 91 
DARUIS S Arete ae ent) eee 90 
POMITerds sso Asan atone ees ree 89 
WV. OHT OD <.5 etece a ocleats ee cere 88 
ASVIETLULO DSIS Ses bre 25 aie Ase bate ee 939 
OCHRE NS Ss Se ta a0 te ey 536 
Babel ace we 2 eae ease saree eee eee 347 
IBAIndinses2 tcc Soae eaten cee oe ee 161 
DGCG el st tet srere cetera nets 161 
abnup tase seeeee ee ee eee 162 
CGSUTICNSISAcae- 4 cee ete eee ee 161, 162 
DIGDEIGE .cedeacse eee ees ne eee 161 
Bairdiellarchrysoleucaic.s-css-s22----- 2-00 793 
NSIC Aeneas eee ae ae ee 793 
1eyeWheGhbNG b:syeecn rete oe Se ee eae 161 
(Balistes/AdSspersus::--ahecc-csses cape es ete. 798 
MAU se TM) sence a Senet eee eae 798 
BMStiG es eee ee sore a ora eames cee oe ee 798 
BallamliophHorbyra:sasceeccs cn eeereancceeeees 497 
Bamchini swiss ote eee ce seecee a TBE 


Banta, Arthur M., and Waldo L. McAtee, 
The Life History of the Cave Salamander, 

Spelerpes Maculicaudus (Cope)...-....-- 67 
Bartsch, Paul, and William Healey Dall, 
Notes on Japanese, Indo- 


pacific, and American 

Pyramidellide .......-... 321 
Descriptions of Two New 

NATO Siin25 = ho betse sees 393 


(Basilewsky) from Northern China. On a 
Species of Loach; Misgurnus Decemcir- 
rosus, by Dayid Starr Jordan and John 


Opterbelm suy Gelccs.- 2-1 ae sees 833 
Basiiehtiys ree UUSsennscee ae serene ose eee 783 
Bass of Japan. The Giaut, by David Starr 

Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder....--. S41 
IB SSSA Destro x aicfeiate ciate oe < a= oe ee oe are 536 

amethystata var.extremata....... 536 
LSE Gihih boepear AR Oe SSR Seen a eeeecsto acacia 183 


Bassler, Ray S., A Study of the James Types 
of Ordovician and Silu- 


Plan BryO2087 san~->sanan= ] 

and Edward O. Ulrich, 

New American Paleozoic 

Ostracoda. Notes and De- 

scriptions of Upper Car- 

boniferous Genera and 
SPCCIES ace n- lowe ads ew aan 149 
PRAGRUIS!siola cs wrote c etx melo wesw im nemlelas wire = emie eh om mim = 183 
japONicus .......-----++----- 2+ 2-2: 183 
Bathymetis......-..------------+--++--22-°> 172 
SAPPOTOENSIS ....--++------- +++ 172 
Batis senegalensis ..........-+++++++-++++++-- 807 
OVIENtalis secscscnc. cece 807 


860 INDEX. 

Page. Page 
Batostomay 5.3 520. 2na ssn one neeaneree aoe eee i) Bracon-PEnetrator.ce.5 0: ecco een eeeieseee 196 
implicatumy =. co sserne ees eee 11, 26 yokqhaims 52. 5-52. 5 eee 196 
Jamies: wesc acne eee ceeee eee 10;38"| Braconid sete 2.0 escort 187 
Varinbilec. cenecote on seeeeeee 18;19°) | Braconine 2 cos caccecsee oee eee eee eee 195 

VaTIaNs sec cde eee eee 18,19, 58,59 | Brains and Brain Preservatives, by Ales 
Batostomella).\ssencas cee eee eee 21 HMrdlicksc. swat caceeecek oe Seer Cakes ~ 245 

Batrachided, 23.2.2 .2cocceeen ea seesecee aes 614,616 | Brazilian Astrangid Corals. A New Species 

favonotath=._. cu senceose eee 616 of Ceenocyathus from California and the, 
DOU. cu eticccsmeeeseenoeen= 616 by DL. Wayland: Vaushaniz--2-ccosse ene 847 

Batrachoides!pacincl. sesec .saaeu eee eae 800 | British East Africa. Notes on Birds from 
Batrachoidids,s- aos ee eeee ese eee one see 800 German and, by Harry C. Oberholser .... 801 
Baty: sci. cctnoek s he omca neces eee eee 130: Broncheljacc.0. 22 sse6ee ee seen eee 504 
Francalis) =... .<ntnos seam ae aes oeee 130 DCVEPICIA. cee eee eee eee 504 
Onesa)ISe 255 as st- 5 alee ee eee 130 MATCIOO> ct .5.ceue nee oases 504 

BONGIS:  <oinngistaienvcieae cna sei eRe eee 114 | Bruner, Lawrence, Synoptie List of Para- 

MASCATAN, a2 a2 dons Soeee cent eecemenee 114 guayan Acridide, or Locusts, with Deserip- 
CHATAy 2 cccncs testo t eee ee ee cee 115 tions of New) HOrmsics.-. -— eee ee ee 613 
Berberodesi:). < scosecn st ooh eee eee 498. BrUMerig Fs o 221s. sence nen Se eee eee 634 
CBSSILETIS ica ce oe ce eeneeiee slew 493 >| Brycon atricaudatus:- 20. oc. scseee eee Ti7 
condylata ..-.-.anera tS meeamene 4954) -Bryoprerdy wa ccc season cc akc cue eee eee 505 
Gelicata ia ccmasce- tow me snes sets 494 albiplagays.: 22.5 oto eeneeeebe 505 
simplex:...<ovs ss. soem em eee 495 nigrilineatar << secre osea eee 505 

VIOIACED «sa; <iSslemessereee cree 495 | Bryozoa, A Study of the James Types of Or- 
Bessonornis intercedens............-.--.--- 805 dovician and Silurian, by Ray S. Bassler. 1 
subrutescens™. So. a-aceoeeeew cs 805:| Bucculatrix niveella -:.-2.-.ce asec 731 
intercedens....-. 805: "Bucephalacris... 15st cca. == see eee _ 664 
Beyvichia’ 6.2. ae esssansononee cee 151, 156, 159 boreliilil-5,%<<.ssence eee eee 665 
BYCUATRi ce = ten os cae 154, 157, 158 paraguayensis -2- 2.23. ccen-- 665 

7 CMACIAbE 224: snc coan cae ee 156,157 | Buseck, August, A Review of the American 

TAStiPiataloc.. soot Ue ere 154, 158 moths of the Genus Cos- 
I6dicate< .-2eet ses eee 152, 154, 158 mopteryx Hiibner ....... 707 

foetoidea sac tek aes sow ccmeeenee 157 Tineid Moths from South- 

7 PACIBIG. nce ace aoe ee 151, 156 "ern Texas, with Descrip- 
TuUberculos'pinosase--sceeee see 154 | tions of New Species ..... 721 
Beyrichiella...-7..cressenace 152, 158, 154,156,157 | Bythopora arctipora..........-....... 19, 22, 39, 58 
bolliaformis .........- 158, 154, 158, 159 Gendring 28.2 cesses eee 20, 40, 58 
DUM Caer eseeiee ca 158 FTUtICOSH .5 «25 Fe one eee ee 20 
PRCSaMrin eee ee 158, 154, 157, 158 PTACIIS, cee eee 20, 21, 58 
BeyTichiid 52. as-cacceen seer e tance Meee 156 meeki.. 22522. penseae eee 21, 58, 59 
Beyrichiopsiss2' 6-2 oath semen ee ose 152, 155, 156 PATVUINA :... i= =. a= coos eae ete 22,58 
SIMPlCX <.2o< sees eee case seas 154°") Caberoges! ic 3 2.ca 5. Se, stance See eee ee 537 
Birds from German and British East Africa. aspllatariai.. <o.st-cce cee ees 587 
Notes on, by Harry C. Oberholser ........ 801 MexXilinGa ewscbecut = sees 537 
Blackwelderias.: csatce + occa came eee cae ne B73) || Cacoly.eeshas. 4c cee eee eee SS aa eee 409 
QUIK Se Zoe Snore 565, 566, 575 plagiferd..ac.s.cc 55s ace eanseeeeeee 409 

SINENSIS= = Sacer aaean eee 573,575 | California and the Brazilian Astrangid Co- 

Bleekerieitssc. vice saetesen oa ae tenet ee 716 rals. A New Species of Ccenoeyathus 
mitsukurile. 2.) ceecee ease nee 716 from, by T. Wayland Vaughan ........... 847 
Blennude 25. ce aactec ce se ees eae eean eee 700; 800) |» Calliclisisw ee -< acne saree eee ceeee eee eee 182 
Blennius‘ellipes 2-24. coco eee tee 702 incerta 2255352 oss. eee eee 182 
Bleptinga: 2.0 csecnsete noses soe ee ee 121] “Calliephialtes*.... 5: <a tisuccs 20s cee toate eee 177 
Candalisw esse Soc coe ee 121 | Callionymus beniteguri)....-:--...----..-.. 148 
Clan... <actane eee aac 122 Ve) bea Ses eee a 148 
MATEO Calis. ee oe ree {oo1)) Callophoce< =. ce. - essen cree ace. See aera 837 
Bolla eee eee 1 gt tae de eee 154 | Callopora cincinnatiensis .....-.......----. 6, 27 
: milfordensis(= <= c<s2e cesses 28, 58 
B pn paie. Ae nag: OPED A ee eee we Mupliitahulata.. eo. eee eee eee 22,59 

OMDB. cocks boca eeicelo tale eee eee 468 3 x 

“ ONGRL Ss ... tic ceuseecs ween eaters 23, 58 
: protuberans ..--- <2 --- ee... nse scans 468 communis. cc ore eae 24,59 
BobpedOn « -.-----22 sen eennweees een teaecdne 884) sigillarioides ......-. 2. --+ 23,26 
Borelia .---- 2... .eeee scene eee ee eee ee eee eens 379 | Calloporella circularis............0.2-.2+00 25, 29 
Carinata ...............--...+---+-- 379 | Harrisi'S.srses2 0 tence eee 25 
Borkhausenia determinatella ....-.....-... 730 | Callorhynchus callorhynehus.........--.-- 764 
BYACGIN Shon wows Gociet Mee ence en 608 | Calyptocomel sc. tec. esse ass eae te 437 
BYaGhionod aac: mages coon hee teens 567'"| (Cam bogiah 2h. kien sie tee eee eae 467 
BrachyColaicc,. came sews aehaiiganin seca iaemn fee 129 | cancellata .cdauc.< ieee sue eee 467 


INDEX. 861 
Cambrian Faunas of China, by Ch ie Page 
ager: 8 oh a in piss a oe Ceramopora ; en vitae <clad er DE 46,58 
Campethera abingoni .............. 9 SHRED EA cae = APT ge 25, 26, 58 
ceteeeee 802 irregularis 96 5 
A Pie ean steed] ey bl Sa SEA nee oe One eee 26, 58 
FOAM POUT eerie sec enres 802 nicholsoni by Re if 
SOULS +. 28cn Pepe eas 27, 38, 39, 58 
chrysura ............ 802 radiata... 08 6 
mombassiea...-...-. 402 irultele epee 29,58 
SuBhelica 2.552.222 902 | Ceramoporella .........+.....-.s2: ees pr 
sa ee a re 802 Cataiiipor Whine ieee ee 
i x p ay hit) [PR See es 29 
, TRIGA PANIES 55. ee ees an os 802 distincta 25 39,57, 5 
Me taiesee-e------.-.2--..2-...-2-- 184 se laca-iiltewiaca eke eek 
oar 184 : Be CU eee 
bicoloripes SUDO S ess SORE EOS omnes qlee! OhlOeNEIS .: 7 sos08 2 as = ie ri cs 
j PPLE ELBIS st leieiom oc cic e ciu'ee ciereloe 184 Citicicnk cere ' 29, ‘a 
Canis .....-.- nsAaosoe se cibe oa ne ne beveetepicns 218,221 | Cetopsis occidentalis in, A PY feat. y 770 . 
Wannapara mimerodes.......-.-...-.------- 538 | Cheetetes barrandi............. otk ae 40, 58 
Capnodes........ sostoose caudasosbersenoddse 14 cnlyouluse sch atmeae aad 16,58 
MESES te ataia ie > sto oiois wma \s =ic\c ce vie 114 Cincinnahensisa. s--e- snceer seeee 43, 58 
Capnophylla Bean a anhanarcecrsersseeneceroes 401 Clathivatwlus? Jee ete cess. tones 37, 58 
; SUDIGE DN an atone ee kino ore sos 401 elavacoidens 5.2 ee seee ace. seam 2, 58 
Carangide ee Sac Saniscos See = cil =o. 784 CLUSHIMANISie oon otece we aeen ee 30, 58 
TT DN2 3 Ui 0S ee 786 Aispotauae eke tavcy Seen ee r3 
(DOV. 02 Ae RE eee ee ee 102 GiSCOIG CUS 225-5. saotees ease tees il 
(O(N, oh oan aoeee a aa eee 102 STACI “sek e sent tes Sees eee 20, 58 
Carboniferous Genera and Species, Notes IMPLICA TUS. sass ee eo ee ll 
and Descriptions of Upper, New Ameri- Ipatea ot eas dae Soe 26 
can Paleozoic Ostracoda, by Edward O. lyecoperdon aS Une aa phe 30 58 
Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler...........-..-. 149 Lycopoditesioet sca cce.- ores peoae a6 30, 58 
AME nARAAS TI ZLCUS|..|.522:..- +20 --s-t-se2e2 == 763 TEC se cieeee ae oes aha e een eal a1, 58 
ETOAC ISOC eeepc Ancioee vicivacess 763 Peng apd ineljos wee Be ad SESS Se 19 20, 58 
CHNIG(ER) 25 toe eee oe OSes OC ae eae 110 ONICHA Uinta Gates ana eoiaae scaee ee "3, 58 
: CONE 2 Se ee 110 PEUOPOMUIAMUS. owes eereee rere 2,31, 58 
‘Li wiliit®, (925484545 0ne eee ee 95 Sigillarigides)a-s orascc crea tere 23 
ReROMIUME Mean een 2 wie cis's corso oo ee 95 SUbSlODOSUA) oe e- sane ese enee tere 31 
Riese NSU eee eee ao oe & ios a wo vin coteiee 96 SUPTOUUMAUSs ewe sen asne- ees ee 31,58 
Caryophyllia .....-..- th bbe RARE nee $47 AUN VELL ee bee ee oe aoe snes 31, 32, 58 
COLSTON), o 2 nne eee ae eee aca 108 VOTIANIG Heo cecum ones eens aera 18, 58 
CLUE ok Sa es Se 108 | Cheetodipterus zonatus ......--.------------ 798 
ONAN CNTR in Sone ae ea ee 135 | Chetodon modestus.....------------------- 699 
ANISCANIS\ 2-2 -2---0------ 9226020. 135 | Chetodontide.........-.--------------++--- 699 
Qnivanlay htt) > een ne Se eee eoge 136 | Chalcopelia chalcospila ........------------ 802 
BCHIe MA see te tas iar nails om nnini~'= 136 : acanthina.....---- RC? 
Caudell, Andrew Nelson, The Locustide Ghani ee erent eee ne ee al e = 115 
and Gryllide (Katydids and Crickets) GHOTBI Ree eee aw eoeaeaee so=—= 115 
Collected by W. T. Foster in Paraguay... 235 Champsodon vorax...--.-------------+++--- 700 
Caulolatilus princeps......--------------- 761,799 | Champsodontid@......------------++--+----- 700 
Caulopsis oberthuri .......-.--------------- 940 | Characinide......-----2------------200e--"" 773 
Cave Salamander, The Life History of the @HELOMINEE ose eee ao ere Bone see maae 191 
Spelerpes Maculicaudus(Cope), by Arthur Chelonogastra .....-.---------------+--00°°> 195 
M. Banta and Waldo L. McAtee....------ 67 roepelel an. 206s0sse === - 195 
@ayiria -2----- per Nace ees =e 93 PlEWPAlIB cece = 22s eee 196 
MOP eee se aa - 2-652 --c'= += 2----=- 93 | Chelonus ...--.-----------2----+seeser27- 22° 195 
substrigosa .....-..----------------- 93 | Chemnitziacelata......-.---------+----+---- 347 
Sree ee I eee rns anim ow inn = a atetetas 93 CATIGIOA 0 a aAees es ease aR 342 
(Chin Gs 32 epee eee 214, 215 erystallina....-.--------------- 341 
SGentrppomids ..-....--...----------------- 736 Clon mata cen anes ess nee 347 
Cephaloccema .....------------------- 618, 619, 620 humboldtiana elongata. -..---- 347 
Pl ATI oe Sei wie sie = === 619 rhs ith: eee f RePE Cre Ces 343 
costulata....--.-------------- 619 | VATICOSA <-<c00---onseernsse-use 345 
teretiuscula ....-.----------- 620 | Chilodactylus variegatus....---------+-+---- 797 
Ceraiaicornuta ...-..------------------+--+- 937 | Chiloporella......---------+e-+-e277 00077" 6 
cornutoides .....-------------------- 237 (Fistulipora) flabellata -..---- 27,38 
dentata -..ge----------------++----- 237 Anbellats tec -seeee- ne 6, 26, 27, 38, 39 
DUMCtAtA | 22-22 ---~-\--------~------- 236 nicholsoni ...-.----------+-+--- 27 
RINT IAA ee oe scien 937 | Chimeride...-..---------e+eccererstenrt ets 764 
Ceramopora ..--------- __ See EAasoseeecpese ¢ | China, Cambrian Faunas of, by Charles D, 
a 33,58 Walcott ....-------eee-eeeeer20ee'* 563 


862 INDEX. 
Page. 

China. Onaspecies of Loach; Misgurnus Collection of Fishes made by P. O. Simons 
Decemcirrosus (Basilewsky) from North- in Ecuador and Peru, by Edwin Chapin 
ern, by David Starr Jordan and John Starks’ S552. Sees te eee oe ee 
Ottérbein'Snyders-- 3. occa cee ee ee 838, || “Cotumbidse.c2 2323 sae accres tea eee ae ee 

ChlOrus; 23. 35-22 a0 fener eee tee eee 690: |, Gomibenars 22-85. sen aeeeee ae eee eens 

borellil: j222. esc vane seer eee 690 fla VicGoMa Geese see coon ae 
VALICOlOM a2. soc cs see oe eee 690 | ConcinnaVerrill. Three New Fungi, witha 
Vittatus* 2-2 -- see eee eee oceens 690 Description of a Specimen of Fungia Gran- 
Ghremylus «3222.33 soso eee eee 200 ulosa Klunzinger and a Note on a Speci- 
JapPONMICUSSsrekt ect oss: eee 200 men of Fungia, by T. Wayland Vaughan. 
GHYONTACKIS <5.see ae ee eee eee ee Gol) |, Conocephalines 2.2.2 5e.c eee eee eae 
OUNY Cai ha eee Re RAPS EL § saat Caen 9 x 651 | Conocephalus dissimilis:-es-55 2. see eeees 

NuUptiglisrss 4 S.cese aoe caeseee ee 652 postulatusicss seers pee see 

speciosa... 225... ese ace em toe ame 651:|\ \Constellaria) 2253-25. oe = eee 

StOllity. 2:2 nee See ee 651 |" Copaixa, 22 iin oars eta ee eee ee 
GhromisiGrubiisjcs-. occ -e eae eee eee 798 lineata. c ses Toate eee ee 
Chrysallida alvesta’-2..2-25saeace ee cee ee 352 MATONAS cae oo See Se eee 
PeM Mg) sos buses pases 356 TUMMANS ere =os = See eee eee eee 

MUN IAs Soe tt cee eee eee 343: ||- Cophanta s. scec te ateneeen tee ee eee 

DLIGAtH Se see aot eee 350, 353 Chrysarpineneess.c ss ees eee eee 

PuUpUlasj52 os 72 ee eas 353° || (Cophopoday.< .. 02s es cs eee eee 

Chrysoptilus'abingonl..2s2..s-seeees enone 802 pyralidimim4s,)-. 2-2-5 enone 

CiCHide os 22 oe ea aces nee Ree 797 | Cophusithoracicuss.5-esss4-¢ eee eeeeee ae 

Cinnyris'olivacearagazil....22sssseees ec -e Sil || \Copiophorakproducta esr se se: ease 

Cirrhitidg is: so ac gs. oc os Sate ee eee ee oe eee 699 "|, Coraciideeuss. soteaa- cesses sore ae eee 

Cierhitus manmnorabus eee eee ae 699 | Corals. A New Species of Coenoecyathus 

Cinrhosomass saa: o-sec ees ie ee een eee 495 from California and the Brazilian Astran- 

CUTVats JAS. eee ese 495 gid, by T. Wayland Vaughan............. 
translucida, 33.2222. eeecee ee oe 496 | Coriscium texanella.........-- Pepa POSSE 

Cisticolathypoxanthensescee ee eee eee ee 805: | (COIMOps x222.-% sca aaseae asec eee eee ee eee 

TULA: Fc elas-loedn ae ee ree enaetee es 805 bivittatum c2ssco- Seen tee eee cee 

Citharichthysieullbertiiceceeeos coe =seee ee eee 800: || “Corubia 22.22 o-ee-een cacti eee ene ae 

Citheroniidie 2. sco assess se seeence cece es 85 Testacea: s.c-ccc ds acess eee eee 

Clark, H. Walton, and Barton W. Evermann, | Corythroichthys tanakee ................... 
New Fishes from Santo Domingo .....--. 851 "|, 'COSC8P Rs. <c2e ones ee t= Jetta cee eae eee 

Closterideay. 2s 5. sceeigevin «a useeeese eee 383 anpulatas cases cicce aos ae eee 

Clupeidtere 2.6 25 sass soot eee ee eee 18: | MCOsciInocy ahs: <=. 7-424 -5-- eee ees 563, 

Cobiditees 9 iene ce ccies se pe cewarioenenee 833 el Vilas sucseee essa omar 

Cobitisaneuillicandatae-..-s-eeeesoseeeeee 833 | Cosmoptery&:. 222 2.055. soccer eee eee 

Gecemcirrosus.7.-e- ses sess 838, 884 attenuatella.2.2.2e-e Sie see ee 
Cocytotettixas2o ss cep ectin te soeeenee ese 374 chalybeellas..e-S2-eeereee 
arpentina icc: - csc seeuet ee coe 374 clandestinella ............... 
HiNGariS!fscnbses-5 Seen ee eeteee 374 | clemensellais=-i22 ase-e anes 
pulchripennisieseeosee sesso ee 374 delicate lila: <-s:82-42 -ca-oeee oe 

Coeloclema alternatum ................. 33, 58, 59 Termaldell ast sean ote eee 

COMMUNE cesses eaees 9, 26,39 floridanelilar. 3-2 ses a2 peace es 

CONCEHIMCOIMN EG: cesses ene tee 26 gemmilterellaict 220 2 ee eeee see 

(Diamesopora) commune...... 25 | Cosmopteryx Hiibner, A Review of the 

OWE 2550s se os nat ce eestor. 34, 58 American Moths of the 

Coelopterna eo soc coer eee eee 637 Genus, by August Buseck... 

ACUMINATE so ee ee eeiaeeteee 637 POM Gee ess xs Sos scnseeee sees 
Celurotrichs...J cc. dec oe oa eceeenoaeee eee 402 lespedezge's 2c tasctecueeses 
CULViliNGa is. s--4seses meee ee 402 minutellactes.a-ss-seee eee 

Coenipets... ..- 2 sass ca otaee eee eee 116 MmontiCelld: <a. at Sees 

albidentine=- 2ce.c< eee eee ore 120 nigrapunctella.- io. sesessesee 
g@laucoldes 52359225, sacas oeeeese ee 116 NItCNsS 2 secs sacs wosceeeseee 

laurend ss /7 Rese cscceree see hee 117 pulcherrimella —:.. 25.22.25. 

medalba. S25 Miecsonse ates tees 117 quadrilineella 222-2 -2..-5 2. 

INVUSH. 25 Bia Cece eee eens 118 unicolorells, 23324 2e2- cee 
subocellatta \2c3c.esacaseeeee eee 119 Villeliay.: 25-35. 33-5een eee 

SUDVaTIg: 259. Se eee 119 | Cossypha heuglini intermedia.............. 

WMbDrate,... 20. - 2 tee eee oe 118 | Costa Rica. A New Tree Toad from, by 

Coenocyathus bowersi.2-... 2-252. 22.<cc sce 847 Leonhard Stejnegzercs: ==) -c- ss eee eee 

Ccenocyathus from California and the Bra- | Costa Rica. Descriptions of Three New Spe- 
zilian Astrangid Corals. A New Species | cies of Katydids and a New Genus of 
of, by Lf. Wayland Vaughan-: 23.22. s-=c- 847 Crickets from, by James A, G. Rehn...... 


565, 


Page. 


761 
801 
415 


INDEX. 863 

Page. Pa 
; f Ze. 
COrHSna te WILES © Seema) 2 2-22 -------------- 810 | Gypridinide 2 
(Chases ofonesy MbWOXst) ee 54 | Gypsil tS NE CP eC La ae Sat ee 
Pee cies ie AY: DSUUE ME AR OO! Sere mcrae wares lo meee. seer ee 695, 
a weet t errs eee eee ee eee eee ‘ a Cyrtomiphust sce saccn ea eee ae ee ee 243 
cas eee settee eee cece eee ee ee eee a8 Cytheres tose ee ee ee 155, 160 
Sst ahah AMS. ..-.-.---------++--- 435 VIE NG Cape Nab eee mee es Ae 155, 160, 161 
a i SSE = SSE SO SHEO Hes eae ZaD Vacrth@nciianesfok os ies ee eae 150, 151 
uscHrons.....---.- Se esee seeanrec 436 TiChtenian Gen so.02 ees ae 151 
Creodont Mammal of the Middle Eocene, Cytheridze 160 
) 0 ene a SOA ONE AEC arcane Acrecehan i 


The Osteology of Sinopa. A, by William 


UPR ONAGUNC Wisecac ccee cho Sc- coc cw ences 203 
ROMERO OU Vener ar ee aia a aco cincic sinc sisie tess wae 232 
(CREDIT ONE 55 2538 SSS ke Se ee see See eae 6 

SVE TUUIS Melee as mars Srenheicihicisl sete cies as 9 


Crickets, Collected by W. T. Foster in Para- 
guay. The Locustide and Gryllide, Katy- 
dids and, by Andrew Nelson Caudell.... 235 
Crickets from Costa Rica. Descriptions of 
Three New Species of Katydids and a New 


Genus of, by James A.G. Rehn.........-. 597 
MSUICL PS AMIMECUS: a2e)scc<20ce ne. = os oes 701 
MUSCUS = eiare ce anise maeicicciae scacie 702 
(CRO DU CHICIAE Cap cRe Soo ae RRS eea eae 588 
AOU ela ee aiata cs ais qos wn fonrcie Ss 539 
iaris). = J eet4ogshece case 538 
MEMINIS Geer Saisciecisiacin— sie slo cece 539 
(CON OSTNIO) 2 ACB Bee neo eee eee ae 436 
BORIS Arias eee Sees oe Leek eles 436 
TEA MLS eee ee a eae 436 
SIMMLOSC Aire oe Soe 2 ee Se celts Seite 437 
Mp TUpe Mae. oe ac ee bic ce iclnne 437 
[MUU CEN) OS Soe e ese ae Sea ear eee 436 
RETRO DIMMS pie etais sea = cisco cecees <2 ss cls ine 172 
(CNS [OIDs Okan ab eaee aoe eee eee 175 
; allberti ----. Sosa cemeouspemoecdessas 175 
Geno vOlpINAee= =o - ass 5224 esha occ one cee 149 
CHET ERS Seas eae a ieer ct 9 
RGIS PLC EIN pete te orator asic ala Sn S/-5 wiacewwieis = bes 784 
GunmiumMatus trOsChelil.2-2..2.22 .2-..--c.-' 773 
Oiwelkiiiltin ac shee eaeoee Sees een eee eeerome se 539 
IDI GIO Ces ace ae cee Ea cRCreneee 539 
UDG aheeweee ee cee cat ect a2. c's 540 
RUMI PIT eT Ae see nae exis Joe eels alae a 540 
TNE GMITIM@ RS ooo 5 oe occ aicteetalel= wtais = 539 
Cyclopiumcyclopwm..-.-.-2-s-.-.-.---2--- 771 
(CWO MOG)... seebsomotone sae e eee DEESoeeeseES 409 
iDHVORMUNCIAL  coeadeonene - sesseocgeee 409 
Tolitiitn, ASR e Seseoe ee GHEE Seeaeaa 410 
(Cirlioyac@binG?) +o. acceseeeaeeeOreEeeeoedsecs 409 
RO eIIT CUNO D OLA e cee eee =o at afacieicinis m1 =\-[sleis sie ei 506 
CIVETP EIS coms aoe me cesel=eiclels 506 
HE MANINNSS se oe shee eee e< se 507 
WARM Ch sence eel ee 507 
ORO eee fas oiois wala al= Sac ein oie se 137 
SOME CMUIS sere ates atsinlanfai= ela atelsin <i in 137 
ISRO MUS een esicicjeicie =i-vie'e eee win l= = 137 
ROTO CNG TIS erento ia = = «= ole eine eae © =ia ie 214, 220 
imolryren OG OM ernie <= - si == = = 208, 205 
@iviltbal 5. sseeceeaeaoneS 204, 217 
UNC Toe e rere serene aie, esiais 204 
G@ymOsCigay GIDE eee as =~ nines oneness == - 793 
(Gy PIRI AOE Seocodess a5 coe se see aaeSeeeaseee 13 
acervulosg ..-.----------------- 32 
Giriclin deer emer e ates ac. -65c-- > -)-- 162 
phillipsiana......-.------------- 163 
primeva ....- odee NOC OeEEDAS 163 
SUPOW ala) epee =e e<s=--- <i 162, 163 

_* 


Dall, William Healey, and Paul Bartsch, 


Notes on Japanese, Indopacifie, and 
American Pyramidellidz ............-.-- 321 
Dalmanelan= ses tess Soe esses eect ee eee 9 
Damesella blackwelderi...................- 79 
CRIONG zs eaice Seen eho eee 564 
Daphoenustesse-kaesee eee 214, 218, 220, 228, 224 
Dasyscelusiangentindes:.--2s eee ee eee 240 
Gemioratis’s.- eee eee ee 240 
ZLOUMBSs+.cet cepa eee cm re eee 240 


Decemcirrosus (Basilewsky) from Northern 
China. Ona Species of Loach, Misgur- 
nus, by David Starr Jordan and John 


Ofterbeini Snyders sese- sess eect + | aaieoee 833 
Mectochiluss Asya ee eee sees ae 540 
Gecens ance te ene eee 540 

OINC bas Se ee eee ease 541 

Deiliniimes 23.5. Fc. Shoes oe ees ate eee 492 
DEMO PY RIAs soccouscice era ee eee ee 438 
CBUCMDss2csecce wee ee eos 438, 439, 440 

CODEC: Soh temiasces tae eee 439 

falCIpeNNISl= tsa ee seer eee eas 438 
NGUTUMIGhiseeceaes cece Meee ee 439 

DeVCUTNENS:< 2.52 pesos st. ee<tie 439 

PRIMO WAt ae eeec ee eee ae = 440 

Dekayellas see case. sss to- se eee awe ewe 35 
TODUStA eens n-ne eee ee 34, 35 

MUL Ya Ga es eee ee eee ici 10, 12, 34, 59 

TODUSUB.<2-- saccee eee sane 34 

Deka aes acecr- cman eee eae emesis 6 
TEV CUICHIE ee ee ne openteaceuusecc 39, 58, 59 
Weltaiheninmsse-- eee ose eserceee sees ee 205 
Dendromus|Ghrysueus)--.---2---ss-—- 2 802 
MWMDIGUS ces soca eres ee 802 

Wars PHIL Seecacesae 802 

Dendropicus guineensis ......--.----------- 803 
MASSHLCUS! =e a- == 803 

art AN ee ere = ete eet eens eee cia 803 


Description of a New Genus and Species of 
Fossil Seal from the Miocene of Maryland, 
by Frederick W. True......-.--.---------- 835 
Description of a New Species of Threadfin 
(Family Polynemide) from Japan, by 
David Starr Jordan and Richard Critten- 
den McGregor ---.--..-.------------------- 813 
Descriptions of New Genera and Species of 
South American Geometrid Moths, by 


\ipdlhtshsoe yeh do) 052 ee Sees ese eset 399 
Descriptions of New Hymenoptera from 

Japan, by William H. Ashmead .........- 169 
Descriptions of New South American Moths, 

by William Schaus .......---------------- 85 


Descriptions of Six New Species of Fishes 
from Japan, by Dayid Starr Jordan and 
Alvin Seale. <i... .--~ es cnncce neces -eee-=- 143 
Descriptions of Three New Species of Katy- 
dids and a New Genus of Crickets from 
Costa Rica, by James A. G, Rehn....----- 597 


864 INDEX. 


Page. 
Descriptions of Two New Naiads, by Paul 
Barts@hise2. ecse ae ene eee 393 


Descriptions of Upper Carboniferous Genera 
and Species. Notes and, New American 
Paleozoic Ostracoda, by Edward O. U1- 


rich:and Ray, S. Dossier cessss= aces eens 149 

Desmornathuss 53.200 ac eee Se eee 80, 559 

FUSCUS ances nceCeepe ae aees 81 

Deuterollytast.2..coss se see e aeeeeeae 141 

PALINOAE sos aoe cee eee ae 141 

Diaglypta 222s asupe eee tee ena oe eae 174 

Dyalephtis) .ccce82 Sh. cooaeewe ee eee eee 410 

Célate use. Jat oa ee eee 410 

Diamesopora GCOMMUMNIS=4.--.--.- 2-265 -e--- 26 

Vallpelit 2.5. cicaeascneeeeseees 33 

Diatry pa tuberculatss.-c-csssesesseeeee cess 243 

Diceratops hatehenrt 235. s2-= <2 -em- seen 609 

Nichroatettine Macs joo ose ee eee 622, 632 

DobIsil.2 3-2 ses Saeco seo oseese 632 

ViITIGLITONS: 4.5--)-eseso-eec eee 632 

Dichromatopodias ass estos cetera 441 

COLVING was Se eee tees 441 

IMUM Abas sos n Ax- cits oe geet 441 

PUTPUTEaW =. 22S ses ae 441 

TUAMedifia-k sec eee oe 441 

Dichromorpha esses ences ease ee ee 621, 629 

australis.s2 2s. snec see oe oe 629 

Vins 525 jee Se eer eee 629 

Dichroplus'. <4. 520-0 - 4 sa ceeeaoeeeeeses 677 

Derelisss seek etn eee eres 681, 683 

| oy (s(0 1 Vo) RE aR es oR SS 679 

brasiliensis. so seen cee nero ee 682 

CINCHPES esis. A5 Nee eae 683 

Clienishe i seeeen coe ace eee aeeeee 677 

CODSPeCTSUS= = 222 32-5 - eee 682 

distinguendus...-..-..... Ae Se 683 

Gubils Sn see aeen coe aac nee 682 

elongatusitss-22 esse. meneceee 681 

CxiliSES- ce ee, . eee seers 681 

TUBCUS seis het ioe sea eeeeeee 679 

lemmniscatus: seotecerecme eee meees 679 

ODSCUIUSES fe. temercsematt ose ee 677 

pairagusyensis-c 25. 2-2-2 aoe 680 

patruelig 255% seewsseet coe ee 681 

pumetuiatus =. os jae-es see 681 

KODUSEUSLS.. cosine chee mice 679, 683 

Vibtatussi sso Secdeeee ee veceaneee 683 

Dicranopora sso-ee sok 2a. - cave ee sesee eee 36 

Me@KL. 5 «jcc senssa esac oeeeeee 36 

Didelph ys)... 22sec eso sceaeeeee 214, 215, 228, 232 

Diemyctylus oo. -ssssees asses Sahrasr eae o meee 80 

VITIG CESCENS: ose. vice eee eee ees 81 

Dioptidte = 22.5 sess seu cete eee eee eee 96 

Diplodon. caseeblancés).c.<..:--. 2.4 -cees ene 395 

frenzelliit iss. J... s\rneneuetcee fees 395 

hilapensis. =. See oa eee ee 394 

Diponthnus:...26 Ve eee woe ee eee 656 

COMMUDIS/Es-24..cehewaaeeneeee 657 

GISPAT sais ncus asset eaa ee sees 657 

festivus 2. yeste= cd. secs Rees eee 657 

paraguayensis...22.0. 22 .cesee 657 

schul zi 2445. 722 eee 657 

Dirphiaiealchas ...503..c2s-26 oases meee 92 
DISCINODHIB <.)- 2.6 Lcd Oo ack See ee eee 568 | 


eulielimt: Vx set see as 568, 569 


Buleatun..: S23. 2es ah eee 565, 569 | 


Page. 
Doe 2s he eee ee ee eee 94 
Cubatias 22.65 S20 58 sass eee ee 94 
Dochephorals.5s-4464-asseck seee oe ee ee 472 
PUMOSS so tae oe ace eee 472 
MUGS o.252- ce alee ae 472 
obscurate Saas sorte eee 473 
DilOSd 5222s 473 
Dolichometopus byries.22 75-2 eae ee ee 565 
Dolichoneuracsd-<2 5-62 ee eee eee 407 
MISTING sas eee 407 
DOLy Chin een dae cae oe ee ee ee 199 
Dory od Gk Sons ieee eee eae 109 
elongata sctseaeew hee see 109 
DOLypybesie ester he eee eee 573 
Trichthofent =: Ss 2.) ae ee ee 565 
levis 2222352. eda bos oue 
Dorypygellartypiealis'.2-2--.-- esse. eee eee 564 
Doydixodon freminvillei .................. 792 
leeyifrons\o sc: 452 eee eee 792 
Drepanella -Sosecees neo oe ee 155 
Drepanurakettelenion. s355- aaa. heee eee ee 564 
Premesniliis..- tascam eee 564 
Drala. 242 Ge Saceciwk ae PORE 415 
EXCTESCENS )....5-sh sah see Pee 415 
jaspidatae...t2 42-66 eee eee 416 
quinquemaculata\s. 52. ssssseeeeeae 416 
SEMISpUTCALA <2 2. se coe ease eee 416 
Dunkenta:candida= 2255. saa-cs. eee 342 
DysepRylalsiisc sce deca. oon see eee 442, 460 
al bidiseatai tos aeessee eee eae 442 
East- Africa. Notes on Birds from German 
and British, by Hai.; °%. Oberholser ..... 801 
E/bIsUS SageamMiuUs’ =: see seee eee eee 841, 843, 844, 845 
Eccoptosarge > {os.,-G.0s2 te seen eeee seer eee 169 
Ecuador and Peru. On a Collection of 
Fishes made by P. O. Simons in, by 
Edwin Chapin Starks). --—nesee. eee 761 
Beiling Sss<ct. este eee eee a eae 354 
Wachistide cw ..1.00ceee eee eee eee 730 
Blzochlora, trilinesta .. 2. os. es dee eee 651 
VitidiCats oust seeaaeeeeee 651 
Bleocerthia Tagazzily -esscee nae eee 811 
Eleotris pictac 2205-25. ceneneae ete eee 799 
Blephasicolumpbis 2eeee een eee ee eee 165 
BlO Pi dee js Jae b Joos see oae eee Cees eee ee 778 
HIOps SHULUS 322.5. beatae eas eee 778 
BIOS 22 soo cce ee eee ae eee 94 
STORNSIS ae Se. A Lene eee nee 94 
CUDSNE:. j355 0 ose oka te cena ceneesemen 94 
STAN GIS\dc. = Soc Sabo sere see 94 
SCTONG 2... scece scene cao eee eee eee 94 
Bluse cinnamomea.. 2. .cfon see ae eee 232 
Emballonura semicaudata ................- 825 
Emballonuridse cial eth ccenaceee eee 825 
Embolichthys i225 2.2 eee ee eee 716 
MitsukUT. eee eee 716 
Enamiltis’: ci 2302-2. see ee eee eee 442 
blandula: : .s.ctcct se eee 442 
ochratipenmisicc<.<ceneeceese seed 461 
OMMUISSA 5 oo wes hes haan ele 443 
WIGINGtA ot Seo a eee 448 
mnicormmuatea.ss5< tes eee ee 444 
Eneopterus surinamensis..........-.------- 243 
Engano Island, West Sumatra. The Mam- 
mals of, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr........--.-. 819 
Enneapterygius etheostoma...........----- 700 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——59 


1 
INDEX. 865 
: Page. > 
[SRR OMIIGES 50.550 2cce ga ee oS seep a Ae eee 533 | Euplectrotettix ................ 381. 383 ue 
Pmomocouchus..-<....2................. 162, 163 era sca ean a ee 
: , CILUPINCISae= see ee 637 
BAUTISTA OR Seas Sa 542 schulzi... 383 
allpicollariseso-tsce = v-292252- 543 | Euprora Lt 2 PEM Tk wins Sood ree ie 
bipars..................2.+-.. 542 argentiliniella............-.......- naa 
Eocene. The Osteology of Sinopa, A Creo- Hupterohidcssseeneeen ee anne 95 
dont Mammal of the Middle, by William HON OUE tees eas eee > =a 691 
Diller Matthew...................2....... 203 femoratis.<.25.2 csc. 692 
Ephedrus. voces 2eF ee SSG BESS Sara 187 MINOT se sot ee eee 692 
____ Japomicus..-.--...---.-.--.-..-... IRSY/ el UF Ea} Kop rste0) eMac ee SC 226 
Ephialtias -..........--...-.---22-.-22.2.... 411 | Burydictya multipora...................... 38. 59 
rom TUOCHGIIG) 5 SSS Sgn ene a Berne See eee 411 | Eurystomus afer suahelicus................ 804 
BSD IND DUC 2e eee Jamie wie ernie a eee ne ween 7983) SVISem Gale 23 bee sek int ed te eee ae 541 
Epiplema...... penne tn et eect ce tense cece e ee 402, 406 SOHUDTUMWIER asmeeeee sees eee 541 
€XCorla..------..-.---.----------- AO2's| | TEST ERs sof) Se ee 2 A ede 721 
[Dorp UEIUE . sboong qos ep pSeQues aa aaEeA Bees 3997 Bustrotianst esto ye toes pe Ren ne 1038 
Epithectis Si cherie ee 726 f= 0) 24: en er ome op gy pale ET 103 
Epiurus ...... Bonne nee een ene HUE AE ENDL AS CVU buena aa eas eee eT 621, 625 
BITENUMAGAMSIS s(so.2 = cajaci=' asscs2 sce tc 179 MMINOL Sas ee eee 625 
NGURO MSGS) Soa iacomenetereeseenee LPH TRO) | hel HmnbINol MA Covel Soe coaeabomecce-Psecc- nessa 196 
DEINE JS Gene Geen e es eee 180 Penetratonies== see eee eee 196 
IDRIS Soroge Dele SSBB ECs see CB Ee aE eee S050 SEITO DrACOIL beeen = nes wee ae ee ee ee 197 
SHCA EIS Pee eee ert cielsts wie? victoire cin cieta, ia = 468 | Evalea lirata .......... Soh eee eS ee 359 
RUMI cons Sor Be geeoe SeNSE apasee 468 | Evermann, Barton W., and H.Walter Clark, 
BSE UNLGS pate emcis= 2 sac ccis cles caine soe 469 New Fishes from Santo Domingo ......-- 851 
TRE GD DOL OE a Oe ee L305 | SHviota bax chase sace te. Cee eee 699 
BMG OUnVPa HLIMLCUS 22.52. succ cscs se cece ees OU PH ip perwa Mese cute ops eee eres ee, Guar a 724 
Mepis zoutler........--...-.-. 22:22:64. 841, 843 | POllosteligiee ee eae ce ees 725, 726 
DHIECGNS S. S Sates eee Sea ee eee ee PAL APALS AM MDD-de(0 210 Fier Strain ae SSR He es eee oa 695 
LINO SE) agp Agen Cet eea ee ee 96,5 MH Nep han este e Cee cea < deems eee eee ore ae 170 
PUISEAN GD Cae etic cecia)sia sicih =m 2 = xele'e sic 96 [aye aa (ean enpe aeree Steaesaner 170 
ISTP SIUC ES. Se SAH OS OSES ep Sea e Do eeeSsprae 772 | Exhibition Series of Vertebrate Fossils. 
Ipticligmeh teak vil stile FSS eae eae eae esmece 52 Notes on Some Recent Additions to the, 
SCM AKIN A GUStOMGA, <a. -2=5-- tee ccenece--- 53,58 by Charles W./Gilmore22-- 52 2se-essncee = 607 
Escharopora acuminata............----- 36, 54,59 | Exochus...-.-- oS aaa See CBee eo ae 184 
PALCIEQHINNS eeu fo ocistea ce on TOL OAL | AX OtHeEGIl ss. c aoa onsen clone eee 197 
LEG 4a! Soa eres 37, 60 HiaIZONeUSISE esc e- eee eeeet eee 184 
MAC Uefa. 6.5 cistec-clnc peat OLGA Ciciaers <a aaat sone emma reese ae 603 
ORION Se aoeeeseeoee 37, 38,51, 58,60 | (Family Polynemid) {from Japan. Descrip- 
(Ptilodietya) faleiformis ...-.. 36 tion of a New Species of Threadfin, by 
recta var. nodosa. ........---- 50 David Starr Jordan and Richard Critten- 
PRG ON SEMILOMUDTA Sem 2 os sl=- wi 22 swish eo eae 728 GenwMGGNEP OR: 4a we at osname Er 813 
PIP COLMRHEMIUEMM eset ecco ccc seis cies ese 167 | Faunas of China. Cambrian, by Charles D. 
TEROIRO TI 2 sie oe COS San ee ESE Se Se oeee seme 411 Wid GObtiesen None ene ae ee cen eas eee 563 
GASUNODN aes toe ese ee en= = 411 | Felichthys panamensis-....-..- See Sects OSS 764 
Eucinostomus californiensis.....-.---.----- HODIMER EIS HS cee ahi ce cae se aoe a olga cn re mesa te 221, 222, 224 
TOSRGIITIND 8 62 Sa Ge Oe ee aecoeisn 97 CGOIMESTI GAS Nase eo os oe ee eee ee 222 
Hema ae ies. teas see nam emto ene Omen estraenie secacacacketee ees eee 374, 622, 629 
IDK S655 5 SSS hee ee CS Eee Eee Seerccts 466 DOUISHEseeeSaee- eee eS ee 632 
NOB SUPM ERG gees Sar ter toicln as a}e'aie-ere's 466 PUlChTIPeOMIS).<<--5924-=ne—e = 9" 629 
IN250)80), 5484 SOS SAREE Coe Enon eee AGTH RHODES tees soethek eoea saat cease eae ee 521 
MONCH ea er em eee cae «ase ~ 466 | FishesfromJapan. Descriptions ofSix New 
Fay see te elala 2 = ope oi ia ios mie-i=i=\-'=\a'nin si sim 738 Species of, by David Starr Jordan and 
Balle pIste\eLesSOML ~..----.----+--==------~- 736 INlvineScalesee: osetwe-c oo asocsr neat eenan 143 
TNGDIR IE Roe ee Rebel ec oS SeaEEoes 736 | Fishes from Santo Domingo. New, by Bar- 
PBI RETO SS ees sos 2)- easiness as - = 444 ton W. Evermann and H. Walton Clark.. 851 
PE ROUNMCG MASS. <iSaine esac sa ea 444 | Fishes, List of, Collected on Tanega and 
Lech ere 441 Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern Japan, 
OPInh SiGe yes Sec ee 613,617 | by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, with 
= sjiaic tole ee 617 | Descriptions of Seven New Species, by 
anh 617 David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Aas 
MEISTC@l Ole reas si-- + s>=>--3 = -~=-~ GIST) Mer Starks 22 ons eeen aa cem emer mae saree 695 
Bupileta.......-...9 MMe cre 521 | Fishes, On a Collection of, made by P.O. 
ot ae 521 Simons in Ecuador and Peru, by Edwin e 
subceesia ...-- age cnc eec nr eeeceeees 501 | Chapin Starks........---,------+++++-++-- 761 


866 INDEX. 

Page. | Page. 

Wistulipora:. ods. 452) Meee eee eee ee 6 | Genus and Species of Fossil Seal from the 

flabellatacosi2 peers hee eee 27 Miocene of Maryland. Description of a 
TMU pONA sees 27, 28, 38, 39, 58 New, by Frederick W. True......---2.--: 835 

OWeONL {hs si sisecee neat eee 34,58 | Genus Cosmopteryx Hiibner. A Review of 

SLUT ana cee eee 27, 28, 39, 58 the American Moths of the, by August 
Forms, Synoptic List of Paraguayan Acri- Bus@hizf2e2 Haas ete She Rot cee pees 707 

did, or Locusts, with Descriptions of Genus of Crickets from Costa Rica. De- 

New, by Lawrence Bruner..........----- 613 scriptions of Three New Species of Katy- 
Fossil Seal from the Miocene of Maryland. dids and a New, by James A. G. Rehn... 597 

Description of a New Genus and Species Geometrid Moths. Descriptions of New 

of, by. Frederick: Weyinue 22.2 ae Se ee 835 | Genera and Species of South American, 
Fossils. Notes on Some Recent Additions by William Waren oss see ee eee 399 
to the Exhibition Series of Vertebrate, , Geometridé& 2225. coisa eet cioe se coseeees 407 
byi Charles W). Gilmore> sass sc estes 607 ') "Geometring=.2 2252.22. s-ees sas eee 414 

Foster, W. T., The Locustidz and Gryllide German and British East Africa. Notes on 
(Katydids and Crickets) Collected by, in Birds from, by Harry C. Oberholser....-. 801 
Paraguay, by Andrew Nelson Caudell... 235 | Gerres peruvianus..... .....-.--.-:------<- 792 
Habarea lll ete beemerte rete aoc eR AR ee co a= S11: tGermidse’ =... cee segue ad oe ee aeicee ee aeons ae 792 

Pun Pia fe. SAS St Sane ccces cece aoe eee 827 | Giant Bass of Japan. The, by David Starr 
CONCIND Ae ens sewer 827, 829, 832 Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder...-.-- 841 

Fungia Concinna Verrill. Three New Fun- Gidley, James Williams, A New Ruminant 
gis, with a Description of a Speci- from the Pleistocene of New Mexico..... 165 

men of Fungia Granulosa Klun- Gilmore, Charles W., Noteson Some Recent 

zinger and a Note on a Specimen Additions to the Exhibition Series of Ver- 
of, by T. Wayland Vaughan....-. 827 tebrate (Possils®- a. 5 oe eene eee eee 607 
Galati: =s28e sl aayencstes tee eee Sol: | AGine Map UN Chaba. ee alee einer Se eee eee 699 
fungites var. dentata:s.-o2--s252.2- 832 | Glyphidocera equepulvella--.--......--..-- 728 
PLAMUOSH Ee weieek wt aes cele e = 827,830")! (Gliyptacc cass. asses cece eee eee eee eee 178 
VaAPONICas. Sone. ties eaeceeeeee eae 827%, | Gly ptapanteles(. 9.2-. 5 Aeecs. at ee eee 192 
madagascaremsis ..£.--2.62--.2--- 827, 831 (Apanteles) japonicus. ..--. 193 
patellar: 2-2-2 )-2 oan neenaoe tame cee a 827 TEMOLHUUB enews seems 192 
MEPANGR Stes ese os eee eee See 827, 829 MINOF oo scee eee een 192 
SAM DoOANSeNSisic sete an ese ee eae eee 827, 829 NA Walls. 2 6.2 eee eee 193 
Fungie, Three New, with a Description of politus:. 2... s2ee-eee eee *. § “192 
a Specimen of Fungia Granulosa Klun- Goblidse v.54... ¢ e600 2 2a eee Cee ee eee 699, 799 
zinger and a Note on a Specimen of Fun- Gobionellus sapittulal ase sesseee eee eee 799 
gia Concinna Verrill, by T. Wayland Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx) pagana ....-. 626 
Wate Haims. Asse Satemin Hom ay Neso tee eee 827 (Sinipta) dalmani.......-..-. 6380 
Galeichthysjordamiyes- ce oc nese eee 765; 766) || (Gonodonte =csce: sc o- see neeene eee eee 111 
SIMMONS ee eee ae eco e eee 764 MAM OVAta case Sense Se eee 111 
Galeides bors Ras Seas ee eee 763 | Gracilaria (Dialectia) gunniella........--. 731 
Gallevidies 02 ves sh ste se Senn a ee aa nee 814 venustellanceecee 732 
Gastropoda scecu cnn or sad sacce codec ae ceeee Bil +.) Greegr ocunce ee ee 640 
Gaithynlain 2 och Seen e fe ak cine Aone seer 403 horrida.<: 5.0. et osetas caesar 640 

CASSaLae tc esos he oes See ete 403 | Granulosa Klunzinger and a Note on a 

Gilaceraite 2 sceoee tere ne ea: 404 Specimen of Fungia Concinna Verrill. 

ochripennises ccc ceeee ee ee eee. 404 | Three New Fungi, with a Description 

Gelasmat..¢2 ee oe oe essence ee eeree 417 ~—s- of aSpecimen of Fungia, by T. Wayland 
hemeéetheariave set eee sooo ee 417 Vatighen {2232.2 38e cece eee nee eee 827 

subruvescensea- sec cee neta eee 417 | Grasshoppers of the family Acridine (Acri- 

Gelechia lind enellate-- Sec8-2- anor e eee 728 didz), with Deseriptions of New Genera 

muUltimaculel la os .sassceeee eee 734 and Species. Notes on South American, 
Obscurosimusellasase sc cee eae eee 728 by James AG “Rene. ee. soe ecmee eae 371 
Gelechiideée..2e Fhe ee eee eee 722.\ Gryllacrine:. 22S... ook see cee ee eeee eee 240 
Genera. and Species. Notes and Descrip- Gry Wide er ens oe dade. be ee eee eet 243 

tions of Upper Carboniferous, New Ameri- Gryllide, The Locustide and,(Katydidsand 

ean Paleozoie Ostracoda, by Edward O. Crickets), Collected by W. T. Foster in 
Ulrichvand Ray 'S. Basslerse se, a 149 Paraguay, by Andrew Nelson Caudell... 235 
Genera and Species. Notes on South Amer- Gryllus argentinus: 222222 ss. .ee-sees55e = 243 
tean Grasshoppers of the Subfamily Aecri- Sagimilis 4 ese sat ee eee eee 243 
dine (Acrididz), with Descriptions of DreVIGOINIS..c-=-cee eee ee mace 625 
New, by James’A. G. Rehn:..0.. 22. =-29- 371 bucephalust: 2a. woseeeotes eee eens 665 
Genera and Species of South American (Bulls) Gerratus.. os ee ne eee eee 644 
Geometrid Moths. Descriptions of New, bib. ye BREA co nco sede. oo 699 
by WilligmsWarren?..S:.. cs ccaccecceee coon §©6090 LUSCUBI 25. ee sees n Sane wear, onc 


INDEX. 


867 


Page Page. 
Gryllus (Locusta) lineata...............:.. 676 | Homotrypa wortheni....................... 41,59 
miles Anotee: - SSS ase Eee eee G51) Hopliasimalabaricus:s:.........0-. 22226 e.- 772 
CLAUS Cats See See ee eee eae 694 TMICLOLE DIG == eer ee ee ee 772 
HUVSOS ae Ose eee C7bN | O DLO DD OTEH Se ese ene er 995 
IIRC HUES eee aoe ee Ne CRIES EVOEtN Ind Ses ns sas y et eet ee ee 280 
VIRIECAIS see a 69d) Setonmitig.t Weve tLe ee ee 200 
EMH OCHS oem eters oda oe Loe oe Sens einestees 83 Hrdlicka, Ales, Brains and Brain Presery- 
(GMOS GISE ne OSA AS re 496 WULVESe eho e  Seanne eee Oe ee 245 
PLEA Meee deme tis wae tani Set 496 | Hubner. A Review of the American Moths 
Gyrinophilus maculicaudus..............-- 67 of the Genus Cosmopteryx, by August 
IAG emotes eee eee ss acco. Sac cece cecens a 101 IBUSCK? soca ssc Co hee ee ee ee 707 
WONG Biremneise eis stapes cio 1S 2, o[usloe sielerc tcc ss 101 | Hyzenodon Bis Are 
PERRET LG Hiss eereleter ma = Sccleca ee els we cid nese 444, 549 218, 220, 223, 294, :, 229, 230, 231 
COMMUNE sss cee o- bocce em cice 444 Drachyrhynehus -sse oss eeees 217 
MELA MMEMU MLAS |= Nee 2 eels soc <= ac 445 CNILEDGUS Ss einen haces cen tear 217 
SETHI UIC CRUD) 9 oe octet toc tee ee smlsscc 446 orridus. 242A. ees oe ee ee 217 
iste nlibeS S326 48 See Gaeta ne gee eee See eee 788 PAUCICeNS =--s= 22 eee es are 217 
EC Wes Sap ets ere Ae ls a ier ae fd ceselaioveleia s Soo Tey aloptenyac 222 88 a5 oo a eee 621, 622 
elopora approximata....----..---s.-.---- 39, 58 CXASSCrAbUS: cosas e see eee 625 
EMO eee ile asc acne caer 22S 20,58 PTACUIS See Meee, aan eee 625 
IVBGRLS IW ieee Coys. fia acls os oc os oie 40, 58 TUIPETN UG cose ceases ee ee 623 
NCO Kale ere cote esid cicisce siete <iete 36, 58 lamellipesiccase cs csensea ee 623 
ATMA soscice= scicc cme ne 22 O0,I0 TUM PCMMISiee sense steers 322 
POTN Smee pe oe ccs sciatis<" a siateeees< 15,58 SPECULATI Sie. ois ph Bergen fe 623 
Hesmerophila abruptaria -.......-22----.-+: 493) | Elvi driome nines =< 22 aac ea) Cn hoa sees 466 
FRETIMeMMUAL Gs ceases al ices Se cena so cicecs UA ANE AG 2 cay Seay Sars Oie ae otal ac eins ee mrce eee oem 817 
Pa NADU persis a ataeataie ail eyelet <i eiele 177 poillebodiess-228520 ste see c sacrsea 817 
Hemiphragma tenuimurale..............-.- NOME ala tral Clas see ere er oboe a ae es Sa 32 iL 93 
aye) Gieey= ae oes =) 40, 41, 58, 59 TOCA CSS cheeses see Renae eae 93 
IBUETHA NI ORACLE 2 ee eee ea cot el jpedellnylcov sy avoy ce bool: Wy ae eee mene omic 508 
DINCH CLO) rere RS CRE 497 exAn culate messes este eels 508 
MEM EN OCLGS tetera is.- a (22.5 2!5)aleleniele s'ciele «wn > 446 FOUN sarc sivas ves ck semooe 517 
SUD IMMSTAD a a iata tayo yet=ta says elclele oe 446 STDIN STA cee see seston 508 
Wienges USES eS Saas eee eee 174 | Hymenoptera from Japan. Descriptions of 
SAP POLOSUSISe acts fences essen 174 New, by William H. Ashmead..........-- 169 
Islan ®t: eee Sas aos ese BE es eee eees 173,174, | Hyolithes=—: =. - Sate PRES eis epee ee 48 
SIGIGIGTONViZh. Ob Beet eeee ae ees sees AAT, NMETV DOD atiss 2 ets Secs ovina cae a= lose = oe Se erte 133 
AIL en bel eee oie Seomeere seins Sama ee = 4A7 OTOWALIS: sac abe one a sernar ae soci 133 
HMNVESCONAS = cis ab ere sent casio see 4489 ARC peT DEUS PONISI jr ot a em amet ttl ls \clnis 240 
PRIUS CH ere Bes ane oe seectre se cle = AMS a ELV DCLOD MOL eer acta antis saa tee me eta 235 
lunifera (dysephyra) .....---- 448 DLSSUeN SIS se ee 41-5 236 
[ONC Seca egoeabocoscces 448 MUM ORS. 6o.-ctece see ee esse 236 
SOnmpuuUNaitey = case cee een sr 448 PETUVIAME: - 5- cess See nn ee 236 
SMM YUN CH) oe pare wiciote <a = oi 449 | Hyphantornis aureoflayus -.....-.-.------- 804 
GK eTOe MMMNIS Hee omen foe anna ace eee nn 198 POjeli me ace eeecadee sas tenes 804 
fasciatipennis a oseeabeeeeee 198 | Hypleurochilus PAY bCUSIS 2-2 ae - ee ee 800 
HMOLACICUS a= aces secre sneer 198M |) EypOCLODUS SYISCUS: 1s e- e-em e 736 
ERi@iO HAW ONO RS 5 eaaageeeeer sees esoecaoKaeS Bf) || MOEIPEOMEM A ses eos e= ane 736 
Humdiaispbeeroidalis. -..2...--.222---------- Blle|) Enypom Gralla) 2a ewes melee eee = 521 
Hipposideros bicolor ....-.-.-.------------- 824 DUEPUNCASs- ae- eee eee 521 
GuaAGMeM Dyess see seen eerie = =a 824 | scintill ans... --s5ess6o eee 522 
SHIM Ee2beeaaneneconsegese Rdg Ma OKIE TIIN Ba speetce ee ey ee oe ee 132 
Hippothoa delicatula .........------------- 55, 58 VEVIGAMIOIM GS! = = oan seein = 133 
[iiiinaystinene ae = = See sees eee eee SaSceeaeaaeeS 811 | Hypoptychus......-.--..---------.------. 716, 718 
Harumdo abyssinica ..-......-------------=- 811 Gy bows kiiie = ose ea saciaee m8 
puella abyssinica ....-..-..-.----- Sie KeNMeUMiOML 6s ee = oat see te 169 
History of the Caye Salamander, Spelerpes | Ichneumonine BO eae coe nine ae oe eee see 
Maculicaudus (Cope). The Life, by Ar- | Ichneumonoides .-..--.----<.-----+<-+----- a 
thur M. Banta and Waldo L. McAtee -...-. 67 | Tdialcis --- <<. - -- 222-22 = mene ene bea 
Homatoicha fuscopunctata ...------------- 236. | jacintha NRE pp te IRAE See eOcrS ae 
OW EAS eee ee ee asinine cin oe oie =o = ifthe | mexicuba ee Sn Pea Ra Re oa ereiars a 
Bag gm ohaetene epeenesS 111 | Thishs murthice acne se teee neces seme a e 
TG), ota A Soe eee its | TSC a ne a. = #emgenspena ns cPenss iessooaates i 
Homotrypa communis .......-.------------ 21 | bormia ...-...2---¢0reeeeecereeereeeee en 
Aabellanris@ee..-.-.----.---\------ 91 | Indicator diadematus ....-..--------------- 803 


868 INDEX. : 
Page. Page. 
Indié¢ator minor*2s52--- se. eee 803. |/SJodacrismebulossc-.. 22-20 ko eee eee ee 673 
TELTONSISY See ace eee 803 | Jordan, David Starr, A Review of the Sand 
Indicatoridss) 3222.25. see ee eee 803 Lances or Ammo- 
Indopacific and American Pyramidellide. dytidee of the Wa- 
Notes on Japanese, by William Healey ters of Japan........ 715 
Dall-and Paul Bartschissss eee eee 321 and Alvin Seale, De- 
Imgura.. vio. Be ee meee see ee ee ee oe eee 98 scriptions of Six New 
sabulosa.2 i 2.2 5. ices odes rees eee 98 Species of Fishes 
TTUsia: 520i Sack: ae ee ee ee 660 from: Japamiccs-- ess 143 
pracillima:?o 22) us> deen serene 661 and Edwin Chapin 
pallida & 2-soe i. oa ee see eer 660 Starks, List of Fishes 
Iphiaulax: . 35555. 5gee > tect oa ae eee 197 Collected on Tanega 
1 he: re en SRS a se er eee ES 543 and Yaku, Offshore 
albirenatacs.s22-6 Seta ec oes eee 543 Islands of Southern 
IridOpsis{s aos se8 es eee ee 510 Japan, by Robert 
Cupeplal 2222232425 seer cee eee 510 Van Vleck Ander- 
AIST CA) S222" os te Ween ee ene 510 son, with Deserip- 
humialis: 4.42 eC eee ee 511 tions of Seven New 
INVeMUSER: S252. 4 5. eee 512 SDPECleR soe oe eee 695 
MEM OM sas et ase eee eee eee 512 and John Otterbein 
TUNSPATSA\ SoS hase ee ee 513 Snyder, A Synopsis 
Trans Visalar oes he eee eee eee 513 of the Sturgeons 
Isacia CONCEPHONIS <2 tees ee aneeeeeeee one 789 (Acipenseride) of 
VENUStA Ss2% Sacteacttere costes oe 789 JADA) Sore es wee 397 
Iscadia 2 Ys.cbcitaccst ade Cee ese 103 and John Otterbein 
duckinfieldia;-= 55-55 esos oee ee 104 Snyder, On a Species 
Migwat = fF ae POSE oe eee eee ee 103 of Loach, Misgurnus 
SULOGRL ASL Soe Soe tee ee 104 Decemcirrosus (Ba- 
ISCHIOS GNIS Aires ao eee Sane See 199 silewsky), from 
Hakoneusitcce sscceee eee 199 Northern China .... 833 
Ischnomela eracilisises. se eee eee 599 and John Otterbein 
puUlehripenwmisiss.. -ssee ae eee 599 Snyder, The Giant 
Tsophya ‘hamatawtssess so eee eee ee 235 Bass of Japan....... S41 
Tioplectise. 24 Sede ss ee ee ee 180 and Richard Critten- 
James Types of Ordovician and Silurian den McGregor, De- 
Bryozoa. A Study of, by Ray S. Bassler... 1 scription of a New 
Japan. A Review of the Sand Lances or Species of Threadfin 
Ammodytidee of the Waters of, by David (Family Polyne- 
Starn Jordan’ soos seus stac cee sce eee 715 mid) from Japan... 813 
Japan. A Synopsis of the Sturgeons (Aci- Kahle 5..5 ia. sess osu ee eee ae 187 
penserid) of, by David Starr Jordan and BECUNGA, 5-2. ct nantes 187 
John Otterbein Snyder -........--:..-.... 397 | (Katydids and Crickets) Collected by W. T. 
Japan. Description of a New Species of | Foster in Paraguay, The Locustide and 
Threadfin (Family Polynemide) from, by |  Gryllide, by Andrew Nelson Caudell .... 235 
David Starr Jordan and Richard Critten- | Katydids, Descriptions of Three New Spe- 
den: McGregoths = s9--4 so eae eee 813 cies of, and a New Genus of Crickets from 
Japan. Descriptions of New Hymenoptera Costa Rica, by James A. G. Rehn....-- Jose, ator 
from, by William H. Ashmead ........... 169'-|| Kerivoule enesmak oe.cee sane a eee 825 
Japan. Descriptions of Six New Species of ax wickiih esto eee 825 
Fishes from, by David Starr Jordan and KS pYaieities yao a5 On eeree 149, 153, 155, 155, 159 
Alvin ‘Seales . toes /soc.2 weasetesee eee 143 aNNeCtens 2. cae cthae eee eee 155 
Japan, List of Fishes Collected on Tanega CENtIOnata Sc. ae see 155, 159, 160 
and Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern, lindabll 2.2.0 F2.se ae cee eee 159 
by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, with De- ObDLONGE acc eea Oe see 159 
seriptions of Seven New Species, by David permians 2.22. oe esse encueenee 155 
Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks... 695 PINE UIS!S 2s cc. - te eae Maen eae 159 
Japan. The Giant Bass of, by David Starr tricolling cc h tessctees eee 155, 160 
Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder ...--. 841.) Rirkbylde:s. i. Soe aes nee ee eee ee 159 
Japanese, Indopacific, and American Pyra- Kirflendia, pachylepist: tss2-oue se ee 783 
midellide. Notes on, by William Healey Klcedenian. - o:.: S<ce ete et ea ees eee eee 154 
Dallandsecaul Bartsch-e. 2.2 -- ase eee ee 321 | Klunzinger, and a Note on a Specimen of 
JOCRT RRA RELL eo sees =. caches ee 141 | Fungia Concinna Verrill. Three New 
SPICHISwes.c< 220s Se eee 141 ~—- Fungi, with a Description of a Specimen 
JOGSCYIS"-Soepiec nan 0 eect cee oeee eee 668,672 | of Fungia Granulosa, by T. Wayland 
CHraleipennis : 222. . cose etek ne 674 | Vaughan’ +22 .5:6/: see serene eee 827 
FOLEN OUCH an. 31s se hentecnewer 671, 672,673, | ‘Kohlera, 0 .<cnstmeneseees Shchets Bit eres 99 


- INDEX. 869 
Page. | Sab 

IR GINGER) OWN od os5 6 Cee eae ae 100); | Slkipomeliaysasssoces seen eae eee ns a7 

‘ nebula PO OO. EASES ES OO OSE Crs aa 99 mini inafeq Niches Se Cae d ” 450 

Kuhlia USTIRITEIRG co SRS RA EA see eee G08" oLASSONO GLI: an aka aoe Serene Soe es ee 176 
Kuhliide coc ctl pos ph tSee eee sees oeeee eae ae 698 | List of Fishes Collected on Tanega and 
Kyphoside Lonocsuccebee sh 60805 CoceSEBaBE 699, 792 Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern Japan, 
Labridee socbee as 699 by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, with De- 

} Labrisomus joao} Ot oS eeGH asses eae Seen ae 800 | scriptions of Seven New Species, by David 
Lachning® ...---------.---2---. 2-2e22+22+2- 188 Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks.. 695 
ILA SIMMS ee eee eee 188 List of Paraguayan Acridide, or Locusts, 
Lances or Ammodytidz of the Waters of | with Descriptions of New Forms. Synop- 

Japan. A Review of the Sand, by David tie, by Lawrence Bruner............ coe 613 
Sitar AONE C0 Ss 715 | Loach. On aSpeciesof; Misgurnus Decem- 
ILUDIGES S250 hgh 809 cirrosus. (Basilewsky) from Northern 
EMOTURCOLOMMHIS!....2...2--.sc.ss02cs-ce. 810 | China, by David Starr Jordan and John 
(SAVE 0UR0) O19 Ot ey oe ee ee 810 | Otterbein Snyders. c2sso-as- see e eee eee 833 
SONGS HITE SOP aes ee SION ALODOC eta aca ae sate ene ee 450 
JOS/TNOI #520). ee a 96 Gram Sly Cate e smn dase eee 450 
CUI OLE IS, eo hoe Gap eoRe cee eee eee 96 | WSO DUT ass S-cictanes seeee eee eee eee 45 
Lebiasina bimaculata ..-.......-........-.- 772: | Odell atalsstt ot tenes mice ee aes 451 
LER OUGIINES: Seppe eSSc eS eee eee Seo ee ene 684), ocustids tee See ee 235 
WICH ay OGG as Gees ae eee 687 | Loeustide and Gryllide (Katydids and 
FOUAeLiT as se oe Se ee eee es 686 Crickets) Collected by W. T. Foster in 
SANPTINEUS 2.2... <s---- TiN Arey 687 + Paraguay, by Andrew Nelson Caudell -.. 235 
UPTO Seema a= cto as St eiie 685 | Locusts, Synoptic List of Paraguayan Acri- 
NEC PETOUDC MICE. <1 on nein seach scenec see 149 dide or, with Descriptions of New Forms, 
ILg]stOu (a Whit: aaa a 149°150°151) |; by: Lawrence Bruner. 2) 222--2.---.-4----- 613 
GOMUPTCSYA . 2. f2--= sees - oer es == 151, |, MOmoOgTapney ne sec eaasuces Secse cess cea= 492 
MEGA OUA Eee arsine asc ececle cea ciss ss 2 55 522 Ciscolarwttiect ce eee 492 
VAMMUPUMOSA: oceic nc cs< ee ec sss - aime 523 Oxtremathescos ace se oer eee 493 
hepormusweschenaulti_../..-.5.---...--2-- 775 DLOMUMa ee eae ieee ee aes 492 
TUS) Clonal a5 SAE ae ee Saree are 766 WGN CA eee eee ee 493 
LDP GWE AS 45 he Sa eee 467 NASD argent seercmS ba sone cie 493 
SUNCIE TE) GR ORGS ORE eer ie 4670 ULI ANC Ss sae eet ewe ieee a Se cisel semen 788 
Me ptOMOUURMMSISMIS.- 60-6. <2. ----nee ene 9 | Lutianus argentiventris-:...-....----..-.-- 788 
WMenmugnnoCkee tes-= 22+ --<---5-5----=- CBURCBU PCO ml Gyarebbalidtlsl: Seep oo se amaPmcmenees ciceeeers cee 93 
25 Gyn Sea eee CRAB YBERIHBIL Pi Ua Sho) MMS Eee Ses eee oe eee 190 
‘Leptotrypa clavacoidea .........-.------ 42, 58, 59 SPONIGUSS eee eee see 190 
PACU RL oe see nc aeretsialciois/ae oe 55 | McAtee, Waldo L., and Arthur M. Banta, 
MUR en SRBC eee OR SO BEEEEE 12 The Life History of the Cave Salamander, 
AE SIM detehieteeresiainis ate as = in-line eon = 657 Spelerpes Maculicaudus (Cope) ---------- 67 
SMBS ee mee sacs eisai = 658 | McGregor, Richard Crittenden and Dayid 
AUTO DUIS Spe senate oe <1 saiee ainwivin ani 658 Starr Jordan, Description of a New Spe- 
(atin Hic jos Beeaaeaeoeeanae dene Roae 658 cies of Threadfin (Family Polynemide) 
TOLLE OUNIS. =\2o2-— -\aee a= = «n= = 658 PROM Alp Altern e scleeisae e/e eee as sio ne 813 
BOM SGUIGS tenet a a= citer == = Gast eeviaicaG a MUSCals = nae aoe rie oe we wie we mee 754 
We POVAUAINIAN eek 2 = oa )= 2). === sees oe nies sls 658 TMM DIOSaR eet ae ee eee ee 754 
AS AULING oe eicietsicte = = eo aio ainialmo = ais ll CATEY CCH LG isis ers AAR Geese a Reeser occ 140 
Taunt, -. 365 SSeS eee eee eee 430 ML DCSCELISHEae oe ene soa eae 140 
Leuciscus cerulescens. ...--.--.------------ 144 paranensis..........--------------- 140 
MEUCHIODSIS! ..-2--=-----2----=-------------2- 501 | Macrocentring ...-..--------------------==- 191 
COMME DAS ere e ccs coeecac ese 501 | Macrocentrus .....------------+----+------- 191 
tclstt eee PONT Fn 501 | Macrodyctium ........-..------+++-+-+-+-+- 195 
ARE CUNGCIA ae eae uicesseece aeons - = 501 ; 4 BRWADOS c_miortin= Bee ae a me 
i i > 5 Macroneo SY ina ciel ole in wimp ate ane De 
poe SOY a oan coe ps reetaeacans (Cope). The Life History of 
Tate History of nue aye ees uden, Epo: the Cave Salamander, Spelerpes, by Ar- 
lerpes Maculicaudus (Cope). The, by 5 thur M. Banta and Waldo L. MeAtee .... 67 
Arthur M. Banta and Waldo L. McAtee.. 67 TEA EEN PIE oo 99 
Limnocyon...--.-.-----------------++++-+"- 206 CALNESCCNS) soa. oc cae ms cers 99 
agilis ....---.----+-+------++++ 204,206 | vralacanthid@.......---2-.-2-+e+2e-22ee20- 799 
Lingulepis. -.-.--- Sees se cle eeniein~ ya anne 567 | Malayan Pigs, Notes on, by Gerrit S. Miller, 
Lioclema occidens .....-.------------------ 27, 28 5 i eet eee me Bet ee St At Ree ae ty 737 
Lioclemella fusiformis -.-...--.------------- 43 | ammal of the Middle Eocene, The Oste- 
SUDLUSITOTMIS: ...-------------- 42,59 ology of Sinopa, A. Creodont, by William 
iOS sete ee] aiee ----------- =<" 165, 167 Diller Matthew..--..-..-+-----++----=--=- 2038 
Liostracina krausei...-..-.----------------- 564 | Mammals of Engano Island, West Sumatra, 
| SAUDIAN coh oie 592 by Gerrit 8. Miller, jr ....--.----++---+--- 819 


870 INDEX. 
Page. | Page. 
Mammut americanum -........-...--------- GLO |) sMicrogonia.s:<.b2-cet sseea- cs snseceaeeneteee 543 
Mantruda, co. coos one heen eee 94 | albicommas-e.220-oseae sete eee 543 
OrratiCa 22. ase ee rade eee 95 | CUPAMEE 2 sce asec eee es 544 
Mapo SOpOnstOne=. cen aa anaes 799 fed ania Ae a. oe nee oee ee 544 
Maryland. Description of a New Genusand (ebaXe] nUb bs: emeree Se te 545 
Species of Fossil Seal from the Miocene UNLOFNVIS)s = cee eeeascaeeer seems 546 
of, by Frederick We Drue: (232-222 2-= cee 835 VeSPerbiliO -ecee caesar 546 
Mastax 2.2.23 Set banc ccaesiecesessstes see eees 617 xanthopepla--sescee-- se aeees 546 
Mastigopnorus t.25.- eae soa meee eee eee 129 S| NIGTOpIILIS saeco ewan eee eee ee eee ee 194 
MiMGWta: 225/22 seee ee seca 129 StAMICN SIS 2 eh oases eee eee 194 
DANCES ake Hecse eeeRe ee 129 SHPPOLOeCNSIS: == ee eee asee eases 194 
Masyntes:. * sstasetsce saree eee sees 617,,618\5|* Micropogon altipinmis’ =... .-se ses ee eee 796 
porellit, Ss Sees eee ee 618 | CCtCNS!s ccs geo eoe e ee 796 
HOTS sosccsc =e hote eee ee Pee 618 | Microspongia? subrotundus ...............- 31 
Matisramma..2ca.-- ssn. Shock eee ones 112 | Middle Eocene. The Osteology of Sinopa, 
pamela aioe Gecene cee meee 112 A Creodont Mammal of the, by William 
Matsumutsius 3s: ect ins acme eoeeae Seen = 169. Diller Matthews-22 7 cseteeseeetee ee aes 203 
Erandis! ose s-eeski eo ees 170) Mieza subferverisn.---2.s2sseeecer Theis ee ones 721 
Matthew, William Diller, The Osteology of Miller, Gerrit S., jr., Notes on Pigs........ Tee 
Sinopa, A. Creodont Mammal of the Mid- The Mammals of En- 
dle: Hocene}-caksas- ee eae eee 203 gano Island, West 
Merachy tara. rss onc cate eee ne eee 123 | Sumatras-oae ee 819 
MOLUA Liss!) <2 ee eee a ee ne 123; || IMime(ies brurmeris. -5)-=ses-eee eee 601 
sabularens ss hose coe ecto 123 CrenUlata tose ue nee eee eee 601 
Meranercaischinagl.s.s2eoeese-r seen anes 841 subintepra == 22322 saccees pee eee 601 
Megarlyssic. cso ea.cceke: ater oe teee oer 176 |e MaMmoOsOnOU ES eee ae toe eee eee 547 
JAPONICH .- santos ede seeemeciee 176 TUlipinose. aeseee eee eens 548 
Melamians? 2.22.42 Ss5- eseeeceea= ee ates 341 subsignatars<: 2s.) eee 547 
Melanichnenmonshs.6-2se-se ae eeeee eee V7) || Mimophyle-s2. 2.252 =2a-8 nee aaaee eee 523 
JaPONLCUS= cases see eee 171 parallela:: <<... 4 y.cseeee eee 523 
Melanobracony..sse see semen ce cee 195, | “Mimiosemiat: S:-S2.222--ce.=-ce steer eeeee 548 
GIDIDLIs ys) os adessaee tot See 195 Gorsilinea rs: S sosacsee eee eee 548 
Melignothes exilis meliphilus.............-. 803 IMItans:: osm. seme esas ae eee 548 
GIVEN SIGIS ss censeme ...- 803 | Mioceneof Maryland. Description of a New 
minor diadematus ............ 803 | Genusand Species of Fossil Seal from the, 
Melochllora 5 Goscnc ot none eee ee Eee 417 by Hredenchk Wo Girtle eens ceeee eee eer 835 
Ehiahau lk: eae eee aan ae ee 417 | “Miogryllusipusillusess.o.osesse ss cee eee eee 243 
genuflexde: 5542 eee eee 418 "| Miraldadiademasy - 2.2 sescesecces ses eee aliyf 
hy datoGes = 225 sass ae se eee 418 jamaicensis.< Ssso25oesse see see are 355 
NES: SSE kesh oe ee eee 418 | Misgurnus anguillicaudatus...........-.. 833, 834 
olopouboyl theo om ne ee 419 | GeCEMCINTOSUSS=- == oe ce eee 834 
Vaoilinea ss: a-cesek.- wee eee oe 419 | Misgurnus Decemcirrosus (Basilewsky) 
MelOsSCIntus? 122.238 sen nc ete eee -. 622, 634 from Northern China. On a Species of 
SUBtTSIIsee R= => core ee eee 685 | Loach; by David Starr Jordan and John 
Menestho €xarata.<leou. 2c. cece. BAe 357 | =) Otterbein: Snyder tes ss = eee eee 833 
pellucidaecciete se eee 365. |  Minesithetis es 2: sa. Sc sacrsnt ocinetan ote ae rae 452 
VALE O} ate ete tke eee eee ee 335 | GecOlOM Ss. 552 ssh ee eee 452 
Meropidie ys. S25 ict a ace ses be sn ee ae eee 804 TUAPUNCIQ aso ses cn et ee eae eee 452 
Meropsisuperciliosus 42.5052 eee eee 804") ' Momphaeloisellats222 nee. so pean ee eee 731 
SUpPErCIOSUS seaseeene 804 punctiferellay- 5.2222. ss esse eee 731 
MesolepiinizS jos i2ctecacacc sec eee 182 || Monaehus's522. <<< en oe eee eee ee 836, 837 
Mesomiyx 2353s, saat anne ee eee 997: | WOnat Beri 2. cae ee eee ee ee eee ee 837 
Miesostenim) .\. o2hosc 25 sees ae ees 175 | Monoptygma amoena......................- 330 
MeSOstemusit es: occ ce etee semen et eee eee 175 CASLA 22. 54 sane dace eeReees 329 
OCLOCINCHISE a. Semen ease e eee ee 175 Gigitalighacn. 25st. someones 331 
Me8Otarigiees: oe see seeee ee cn er a oe SN 837 ExiM DM ssse eee eee ee 327 
Meteleptea minoria.s.4 ee oe ee eee ee 625 TULVel 2 coe oe eee eee 328 
Meta xythenuim 2-2 oe eeee cee eee eee 835 lata aoc 35 tse ee 329 
Meteoringe: 2260-25 ona Ae Eh Seen Bas See 190 punchiverss-2 vee te eee 331 
IMGCEQRIIS. © scene <hete see keacee Ree eer. 190 | Monotrypa subglobosa ...............-.. 31, 32, 43 
em. JUD OUICUSS 2. =o. coo a oer 190 turbinates ot oc: cece es seen eee 31 
MI SRGUOUR. Ais c ee caw e cote ceeae eee epee 420 undulata, 2.2 a2. seeetc ee sae 43 
TOCHIINGA, $202 on Scars 420 -hemispherica ........ 43, 59 
MiGrobragonrd . teeta ee cco re ot eee 196 var. hemispherica.... 43 
JADSIIUS osc ssesaces soe eee 196 | Monotrypella multitabulata ............-.- 22, 23 
Microcanthusisimpatus: 2.2.1.0 s eee eens 699. | ‘Monticulipora. .c tesa. ses sees eee 6 
Micnosasteningeence.. wc soc ee eee scene 192 (Chaetetes) meeki.......... 21,59 


INDEX. vd i} 
' . Page Page. 

Monticulipora (Chaetetes) turbinata ...... BPA |) uGopotinorubbiafoy Coys) ee 2 

WEDIANS eset oe 18,59: | Mormula clongata.......................... 347 

whitfieldi ...... 40,59 HISSOUMEE Sat <20) so See eae 345 
cincinnatiensis SITS ae 43, 58,59 | Moths. Descriptions of New Genera and 
circularis................... 25 Species of South American Geometrid, by 

GlpivaCOlG en ceae s-.25 Seca see 42,59 WalliamiaWemrenise 4: | seen eee i 399 
Gleavelandi #2304 5.2 2325.6 44,59 | Moths. Descriptions of New South Ameri- 

GMIMtOMeNSIS® =...) 282. <- 2 s2c 45, 59 can, by William Schaus................-. 85 
MUSEUM eas kis a gsese 30,59 | Moths from Southern Texas, Tineid, with 
(Dekayia) maculata ........ 39, 59 Descriptions of New Species, by August 

(Diplotrypa) ecalyeula ...... 16 Bustle ces... eae Re eed 721 
GISCOLM Eas ee ane ye ocie ae 11,59 | Moths of the Genus Cosmopterx Hiiber. A 
OCIS: 3 Rene een ee 54, 59 Review of the American, by August 

CECEMITICH Joo. 5 cece scceece: 17,59 BusGliyao2" 52. 1 Pee ee eee 707 

Je WECI Sn en ee ee ee 450593 MIE GUTerni a ee see Le kee eee ee eee 783 

IUIUIEISETS 2 GSH ee einer eae 12 TNOSPes ee * Seek Se gh en eee 783 

@eishalinors) raliiennatae-ceakoaib0) tice] daaesas sens 9 sone ne ge en 783 

UI OLGSTISISSse20, (001 (Pe VL La, eer see ai iene ee ee 590 

MUCGHOIONI ss 27509. |, Manali cre 5 ee ee ve 640 

Owenill 222s. 2. 34, 59 australis cutcis. csc eee eee eee 644 

MUSMOUMIS sce e net ecet css ose OF OF hae VENTE Cl Sia ere Be APN Weel tee Byes ore se 821 

EGA CL ie se Be eae ee ee 29) «NING ONC BIS aes meee Se we a ae eee 821 

VWarrmeekic.oosh2s<. 21 TOMGGPICUS ee ee eee. eee 821 

(Heterotrypa) circularis .... 25,59 VECUUS soe ge ee Costs eee ae Noe eae 821 

cleayvclandice (4459S Muscieapidess knees = sae. . ee eeee 807 

clintonensis - Dos) MMV Chon: 5. eecte as eee ete eee Tee 54s 

eccentrica ... 17,59 PRCIN GS Set eae. en eee es 548 

STACIISe oa. =2 20 | Mycteroperca boulengeri................... 788 

implicata..- 13! \ Mivopailentee ss onencsete secs one eee 215 

onealli? yar. Myonia vite Opec ta se coset cn - aeons: one eee 339 

communis. 23, | Myriolepis zonifer......................---- 843 

2459) MiynMmecophantess-e2. 2. s08 eemsere eee ane 501 

Winichiis2se-,- 34 alibimasciane. jsese) = 2k eee 501 

winchelli.... 49,59 Velatasse eee 2 ee 501 

hospitalis neglecta.........- Abie e Neem alee erie eek a eer ae ma tees ee ee Ne Ie 98 

var. neglecta. .... 45, 59 TANGA Matos ao ate as eee aes 98 

ieeninekensis/=.= snc ses tne see 22,59 sabrell hie. 3. es seca este esse 98 
TSS eens Oe ke et eee 25,59 | Naiads. Descriptions of Two New, by Paul 

PCC Kal Se see Sey tesa ae Satarets 21,59 iBartscheesect Ue secesacsceetas cccect areas 393 

(Monotrypa) clavacoidea.. . 49 WeN@Era OOS ieee fess we cazee seen eee ea 524 

discoidea ..... 11 MUISGHcs see secetene soem eee ns 524 

dyehei--s2-522 54, 59 leevise co. felon eee eene econ ae 524 

pavonia ...-... Bi 7 NI ASTON Re Sea oon oc socenesceeennecpese scone. 184 

subfusiformis. 42,59 TEN OO AUKEE ipa tena e Bese nob aSestogo ce 185 

undulata ..... AS TANG RIZE oarias antl ac Mere cry date cinta aa an ole 525 

GL@he ats as. 13, 59 Mmulbisinie anaes .ece sess eee 525 

wortheni --...- Hep 90 || NE pI pOra ONS = ae eee sie. <a ose eee ae 25 

ONIOCHSISi on = seca Se te BARS hap Om | Ne Cts G sees esaee See a = agement mete 811 

MMC em oenee askiajies <= <lr Oca eINGM a tOCHIN ies aseetaa <eeec = =e eee eee ee B49 

joer Gh Boe Gaede nesensoEes 45, 59 Pol Shas eee: eee ca eee ee 549 

petasiformis var. welchi.... 13,59 | Nematopora .......---.----------+-++------- 22 

(Peronopora) cincinnatien- INGMIO DIS SClapUSe) sic e eal sans tell enne 243 

RIG Umea aries cmanGecese are 43 MelMCUSi = enero oe eee ee ae 243 

(Prasopora) selwynii var. IN ROC Chis ame soe ects mers ne aan eae ets 404 

Ineeyounm WN, saa Gameaeacens 32, 49 FANCIOCAN eae eee arenes 405 

GOIN AAO Sooners sa Sea apap eesaee 32 TATE 2 Ate at eee Raene ce 405 

Alipewlndrica. --.52-----=-- 12, 59 OChnipla palsies oo see ia 404, 405 

AUDRUSIONMIIS aa ceiee sss s<0 42 | Neodontopera ....-------------------------- 549 

jidb uA. \iCh eae eee eeree 6, 31, 32, 59 CIMBLER Ho sae eens nee 550 

UUlnkelall oS SasesencacomEeacoeoee 95. | Neoherminia....c.+-2s.cmsees weeee as == se en 121 

undulata, var. hemispher- GHISENHiec es anew s- wae ae one bee 

Mp. ==) =~ <== === 43,59 | Neozuga....---------+---2--ee ret ee tresses: oh 

oon See ee 18, 59 latifascia........--------------+--- _ 

eis ties oS a 40,59 RENICHIRaS Cleese een a asks ances = — 

Vinal. | eee eRe Eee 32,49 | Nephele ....-....----+e--+----2eeeeeenc sore 614 

RET? het k ree 41,59 ASMOGRUS .....- 222. eee eee eee eases 614 


872 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Nepheleipraciliis?=-2eo-2= es eee ease reas 614 | New Tree Toad from Costa Rica, by Leon- 
Neéphodiinie so .2.-e- eae eae ee ee 500 HAra | Stejmeser-+... a seeer-n oa ee eee 817 
Nephronaias dysonilsses- ss a= see eee eee S04 |. Nicetas: -22 36 Sosa eee ee meee 132 

fluekiese Iss Nec eae se sees ee 393, 394 PAULOSH os tsa Bec atom econ eee 132 
Neptomenus brama <6. seo-cs.----2--ee eee 784. |\ Nipteria 22.2. ct.cngscnc see ae eee ee eee 502 
GLASSUG, 22 scb evoke hess ete eee 784 Geforniis 32.47 oe oe 502 
INesopimiplan 22. sanaeeese aac oaee ae eer a 180 OXca Vata -37u. ae coee-ceeeeeane 502 
NATANY2 | coceeea- see tee ees 180 MarPinata oso: ee ch eke eee 502 
Netuma kessleric!+ 222s eee ee eee 766 pellucenta ds. Manas ee eee 503 
New American Paleozoic Ostracoda, Notes pellucidhy:.: 4.22 ce Sa eee 503 
and Descriptions of Upper Carboniferous perimede se: .425 ea eee 502 
Genera and Species, by Edward O, Ulrich sabulosaas 2) S21 Gash eee eens 502 
and Ray S.Bassler--.cecce-t cman see eee 149. |" Nisitirrige. - Sic, Sacre sack ee eee eee 341 
New American Pentremite, by Charles Noectuides..c28 fo 62 oh eee eee eee 96 
BSCHUCH EN tsa. ae et ee ee eee 759. |\ NONasTia) 202.) onc ote aoe a ae ee 101 
New Fishes from Santo Domingo, by Barton INCI Ar 28 sae ee See ee 101 
W. Evermann and H. Walton Clark ...... S52. | \NOPIG Ssocn asad farses t aenat eee eee ae 535 
New Forms. Synoptie List of Paraguayan North Carolina. A New Salamander from, 
Acridide or Locusts, with Descriptions of, by Leonhard Stejneger................... 559 


by Lawrence Bruner .............- sya bee 
New Fungiz, Three, with a Description of 
a Specimen of Fungia Granulosa Klun- 
zinger and a Note on a Specimen of 
Fungia Concinna Verrill, by T. Wayland 
Vaughan. Saccncscc sects ees dee = aaeraeees 
New Genera and Species. Notes on South 
American Grasshoppers of the Subfamily 
Acridine (Acrididz), with Descriptions 
of, by: James A. G. Rebun. <2.) se-se eee 
New Genera and Species of South Ameri- 
ean Geometrid Moths. Descriptions of, 
by William! Warren=:. cot... e2 ese 
New Genus and Species of Fossil Seal from 
the Miocene of Maryland. Descriptions 
ofa; by Frederick W. True-...<.--.-.-.---=- 
New Hymenoptera from Japan. Descrip- 
tions of, by William H. Ashmead .......- 
New Mexico. A New Ruminant from the 
Pleistocene of, by James Williams Gidley. 
New Ruminant, A, from the Pleistocene of 
New Mexico, by James Williams Gidley .- 
New Salamander from North Carolina, by 
Leonhard Stejneger .............-...-.-<- 
New South American Moths. Descriptions 
of, by William: Schaus 2-4. oer aaesee ere 
New Species. List of Fishes Collected on 
Tanega and Yaku, Offshore Islands of 
Southern Japan, by Robert Van Vleck 
Anderson, with Descriptions of Seven, by 
David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin 
Starks 222 ee ae eee ee eee ee 
New Species of Ccoenocyathus from Cali- 
fornia and the Brazilian Astrangid Corals, 
by: LT. Wayland Vaughan. s2---54--seecee= 
New Specics of Fishesfrom Japan. Descrip- 
tions of Six, by David Starr Jordan and 
Alvin Seale 2... 5...nce nae se eens Outeees 
New Species of Katydids and a New Genus 
of Crickets from Costa Rica. Descriptions 
of Three, by James A. G. Rehn........... 
New Species of Threadfin (Family Poly- 
nemidz) from Japan, by David Starr Jor- 
dan and Richard Crittenden McGregor .. 
New Species. Tineid Moths from Southern 
Texas, with Descriptions of, by August 
Bus@ le s2ios tases o riewntoee owen ee eas 


613 


827 


371 


399 


695 


143 


597 


813 


Oberholser, Harry C, Notes on Birds from 


Note on a Specimen of Fungia Concinna 
Verrill. Three New Fungie, with a De- 
scription of a Specimen of Fungia Granu- 
losa Klunzinger, and a, by T. Wayland 
Waetghan, oS. cc ssa soe auc eb Ronee eee 

Notes and Descriptions of Upper Carbonifer- 
ous Genera and Species. New American 
Paleozoic Ostracoda, by Edward O. Ulrich 


827 


and Ray SiiBassler-<t2--25-.~seese eeseere 149 
Notes on Birds from German and British 
East Africa, by Harry C. Oberholser ..... 801 


Noteson Japanese, Indo-Pacific, and Ameri- 
can Pyramidellide, by William Healey 


Dall;and Panl Bartsch: 2-sese seo 321 
Notes on Malayan Pigs, by Gerrit S. 
Millers -jrs. 2 estes. Sao ee eee 737 


Notes on some Recent Additions to the Ex- 
hibition Series of Vertebrate Fossils, by 
Charles W. Gilmore: 2-2-2 aoe tengee eee = 

Notes on South American Grasshoppers of 
the Subfamily Acridinz (Acridide), with 
Descriptions of New Genera and Species, 


607 


by: JamescA GoRehn2 2: cer :oe. ce eee 371 
Notoptya.. 5052. 22-6 Sece Ve ree cess pee Reese 406 
fuscularigiesse. .ches. Sao e sees 406 

Numata siccc eee ence eee ee a ont 724 
bipunctellacc22 seks coe eee 724 

Numia albisectaicce.. eS. ea end ese ee 550 
Nymphula: S$ [Sotcccr sss eater coe oe eee 139 
francisealis | >.~ 22s. sass cee asenee 139 
Obeliscus:achates!= 2 32- S al secaceee nee ene 323 
aciculatuasccst sccen tees ese 326 

balteatus. 22.5 2 /.c 22-22 bso. eee 334 

bicolor =22222%25)s cn. aaas coe e eee 333 

DIUDMEUS fs s5 oss eee ee oes 332 

DUXCUS-. 2-5 tewcctnaeteaess eae 332, 333 

Cla vulusts. 3 soe. 2oae cece eee eee 323 

eburnetss: 282.2 S25 2225 cence mses 325 

Nastatusye osc28 aoe power eee 322 
pulchellusi..<. satecseoee ce cee 323 

pusillus ..2. j.s2t225c8 eek ae eon See 324 

Tenwiseul Plus asactn- = seca eene = 334 
trifasciatus.<-¢.22..-fes:-. eee 325 
Obelopteryx:..2..2-24s- sens ean eee 407 


aneusta <=. bs2 5s <sew see eees 


German and British East Africa.......... 801 


INDEX. & f( 3 
2 Page a 

Obolus we eeceene see ee reste eects etree eee eeee GO, Oigaa. | 5h ar 2 Ro. oo eee rare eee } ire 
_(Linguilepsis) ---.-..-............ 565, 567 BRR Oi ee ot ale a 108 
bb DGD dato 335860000 S6 see HS 2)5 OME Oni ted al tastes 22s ake eee 784 
SSLGPWOE) oc G6 canes sp OpOC aeee SSB 132 ITN GUS Toso eet 754 
Ce CADE S 66 3a 181 BALENS Ss ocecen ete ee 784 
TEU Rik0) 23 01S) 10 LSA OL POStl Pim ai... Ret) kOe or Re eee 136 
Odostomiaramanda <....-2.5-....0..5-.2--.- 353 Guewin 3.222. Sea ee 136 
(Amaura) krausei ..........-.- BOD OOO | MAO TIAL OLE Uka ets oye = see ae en ee a 672 
POATLEUS vac aes sso 361, 366 CReroleipennis!ss--- 5s see 674 
(Auriculina) crystallina........ 341 102) 9) 00) ST ae eer eset oe 673 
(Chrysallida)dux ............ 350, 367 BIPTIALI Pes ee 673 
erystallima... 22.2.2: Reacts SdL.o| (Omimexethaecrcs ee ae cess a ee eee 639 
CUE Oe CNG RCC RSE EE ee 361 Penman: 4 Soe ee ee ae 639 
UU UMU TN apres /Nimss nto wis incre ee wa ma acts 361 macropterum’:>.-.-- sss 639 
(Egilina) mariella.............. 354. Serville eee ee 639 
(Byalea) arcuate ...2.2-:------. 361 VINEGDES ie soe sees Se eee 639 
UU Sas eee ee eeee BOUTS ts ||| (OMOPSLaae oan ee 5 cc hoe eee See 453 
IAT i eee an a eee 360 Mp Ula bas ey ee eS Ae ee eee ae 453 

SUUKACNRIS/S 52 ce ce . 360,366 | On a Collection of Fishes made by P. 0. 

UOPNOGH ID 2 SE Es BS ee ae 326 Simons in Ecuador and Peru, by Edwin 
(Heida) panamensis.-........ 365, 366 Chapintstarkg saree -ce poke hoceee eee a. 761 
EMU ONTO OUI 0 ale vais eis ccs vs Ss oe ss 964.51) Oospila 2a a See sae dewaue wee se anes aeee 420 
TT ISer Go Ss eee 362 Gongpenense fe ieee De copes 421 
IEC SS SoS eee SORE eee 362 Selliferat <3: sou =. hae ae So 420 
(uu KOE) eee Se eae ee ee S001.) ODOIONINGE) <. seares seas coca ee meee eae 184 
diadema.....-- 356, 397, 367 | Opostega quadristrigella .................-- 731 
ETM Ae eerce ase 396, 367 | Opsomala cylindrodes..--.......-..........- 659 
jamaicensis ..--.-- 395, 366 PuuUcticepss sak. ese eseetee 661 
(Odetta) circinata...:..-...--. 359, 367 PUNCUPENNIS=2 ese, tes tees 625 

MEMING eee O see seein 358, 367 | Ordovician and Silurian Bryozoa. A Study 
Lectissimay.2=22--¢5 358, 367 of the James Types of, by Ray S. Bassler. 1 
iratacs cs 3th BDO SH0. S67 |) OLEON OMI tess came sis set fom see Seistnslen teases 470 
(Odostomia)) S202 3222. 5.2 522-5 367 TUDTIPlASa see cc ne tee eee ee 470 
desimana........ 3624567 0| OLEShaSs@enssiailie nese -e eee. teeetee aa eenets 780 
hilgendorfi ..... 364, 367 FN eb gS como Be ASA npac Sree aceep = 780 
limipidasesaccess 364, 367 CUVIGH isis nna. sees ses ee eee 779 
mauritiana ..... 363, 366 NbeUSP sheet See eee aeons oe 781 
PAHAMENSIS)<.scS-s-sssse0+22-8 365 PeMU AMA S20 ss os se son eee 779 
(Parthenina) meta........... 349,367 | Orphichthus callaensis ..........-.-.-.----- 778 
(Pyrgulina) alveata........-. 8527367 | MOxpMi cht hyd sen... hose eres 778 
amanda. 2 secceee Sou MOup lars seoee one eee ee eee Cee na 621, 626 
densecostata. 350, 352, 867 ANDRICAt Hence seco eset ees ek eee 629 
upo- PAP ANAyeaa= sees om eae ea = 626 
IMWenSIs!2e co e-6 BINIES Gy) || (Ono ICE ates Aor oAao eee ace sce 378, 621, 627 
interstriata........ 351 CEP ANS sce 2-2 os ae cee ae 629 
ects: Beek: 353, 367 TA CLINIS aoe ets aes eee eS 373, 627 
SIPRAOTINISS Ee ae ince s ce octet oe =o 360 OTIS URE Sees eta cle ee act 627 
Sai) 00: ce ee Se reer 364 DUCA ee. sae eee ee 373, 628 
SIELCCCH IN ol a 8 2 SOOM Orphullinae sate. ee oes asian oe nnn a 621, 626 
(Trabecula) tantilla ......... 348, 367 PULCH EMG Ses se. nn eee eee oe 626 
MEPOBNOMG iat sccnecas css ccs sscentscese=tc ORM MOTUS ss erase wastes fee 2 ae sh oo n= Sete re 570 
Guin tewennide eee ee. = cbs. cosas ese 801 (Plectorshis) ees aeee ae eee 571 
(dicnemus capensis.............---------- 801 agreste .......--- 565, 570, 571 
vermiculatus yermiculatus.... 801 kichouensis ..-.----- 565, 570 
(Edipoda pallidipennis..........-...--.----- 637) | Orthocerase = 2+ <c~ -~ 250 «2s = osname sos ee es 12 
ctiininas.> ee 637 GUSEML, seers. - tare en 46 
Devion 2 eee 613,637 | Orthogramma.........---.----------+-----+ 115 
MINE OROMMT SS cesses sa scss--.<---0----2--- 407 TELOP IA eens eee ane wee n= 115 
Offshore Islands of southern Japan, List of | Hermeside.-.cces aeeee eee 116 
Fishes Collected on Tanega and Yaku, | Orthoscapheus ....--.-------+++++++-----++- 671 
by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, with coriaceus . oe aS eee oe 
Descriptions of Seyen New Species by roseipennis .........----.-- - 
David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Oscillaccine ulate <-seee..-.-ss tree =e : = 
Shanley ee 695 circinata ........---..0----02+-22 0s si 
te ha ae aE 565) | Osmiilia. . < ec sac ssn cewde ss ose en este esens ess ee 
ae 2 ee eee 7 


874 INDEX. 
Page Page 
Osmilia obliga iat. Aacameeanece se cates 694. | Paralemasuecs-1 5.2 shacmore= ccs tee ee eeeese 668 
VIO COS ask4 nen yee eee 694 Dod shires 22256 ete ees 669 
Osmiliol aa t 2) cass eS a ee ee 674 FOSTOMRA A 5. Seat caitos goes 669 
Ariba So S4 a2 Aes taos sen eee 674 Punehipennises.s5-5 css cee a 670 
OS8S) 2S. 8k. Sess eee nee ee esta 638+; “Paralichthys‘adspersus <2. 224.- 5 5e- aeee 800 
pimaculatweiet-fe- eee eres 638)! SPata pane bites s: 5.9. .cesece ees gone 149, 150 
Osteology of Sinopa, a Creodont Mammal Num eTosus™ ==: 22.4 sees eee 150,151 
of the Middle Eocene, by William Diller subovatar ss. y Sete ast ev eee 151 
Matthew Girsce tie cee eee ease seer 203: | ‘Paraphylarcs229.42 2-25-85 ante a eee ees 173 
Ostracodarict ances eect eee eR eee Se kts) AI bISCh PUR 352 - ees eee 173 
Ostracoda, New American Paleozoic. ParaApOn yoo oe ee ee ee eee 137 
Notes and Descriptions of Upper Carbon- Glam alise 2 act ae eee eee 137 
iferous Genera and Species, by Edward pAawlalis 232 Sen oa ere oa gilp ts: 
QO. Ulrich‘and Ray S: Bassler _.)......-.... 149 | Parapsettus panamensis .......-..--.:.----- 798 
Qurapteryeineis-. ste aee oes ee teens 499 | PATASCOPAS 2: 2.222002 l 3 San ct beeen eee 689 
OVIDOS i225. k ecbot ceeees Coe te eee 165, 167 ODESUS:...4 Ledat ss gaceeeee- eens 689. 
OVIDOVIN eso eee nee Sate ees 167s is Bar ate tem 322 oo. oe eee. See ee 614, 615 
OXY Ornatissima 22. cee ne eae eee eee 666 borellit .< ss .22 3. feees See 615 
Oxyeene Jo.hlUe cee eee te ee beers 220, 231 Cauda tls... scscenincee sae 614, 616 
Oxybleptellai $s2e eet meeecen see eee 660 | Cnemid ous 22 es eee 616 
SAP ibta eh ee ee eee 660 schochil's2222 7.225 53s eres 615 
Oxycoryphus burkhartianus -........-.-..- 625 toltecus: 2-2. . JAS SS Se 615 
Oxylabrax arm atusscs5-5--eree see eee ees 186 | -Rarorphula: ites) = 20235 ee tee eee eee 621, 626 
Oxyirema crenulatsa ccc esse eee eee ee 340 @TAMINGS F222 2enec oe Re aee eee 626 
PalRBOpPhOCa acest eececaceee cee rie eee 837" Parthentaeselata-..-..22-s see eeeeee tase eee 347 
Paleozoic Ostracoda, NewAmerican, Notes digdem saree ee eee 356 
and Descriptions of Upper Carboniferous exarate Sse eo eee 357 
Genera and Species, by Edward O. Ulrich MAvCh aha s Se eee eens 354 
and Ray 'S: Bassler. 5-25 saan seeee eee 149 (Mormula) varicosa .........---- 345 
Paleschara ibeani-se-2: steno. os pene eee 46,58 pagodula )-..2 28st es sae oes 35) 
Palindtay 5342 4ee-25.. sao sees eee nas 110.) Parthenodes*.2-22.eso-ee eee ee eee eee 140 
argentilines < -2 So-ccec- sa oecedere 110 berthalis.s< sisi saecosnoeeseeee 140 
Pal this: <ee eeee eee ue ee eee ence 128 | Passer Swainsoni gongonensis............-- 811 
berbhalis eee Se eae 128'\\' Patalene 2255 25s os eee ose eee 551 
Calealis snes osnc. cchseaesteeasss 129 “Sordid asa. ilescs. eee oe ee ee 551 
SDOMAy. 2 Pee ae Neen ae eee bones 198" |) (Patriotelis i s— 25 See oe os ee ee 220, 231 
Paltodora.similiella 22.252 cccceccscccessee ce, | 22) |) Peau am COsaiosseeres a= See eee ee ae 637 
Palyadinwes. 222 5.seasee ence pels cees sate se 493 || Penthophilebiazjac \ a.m. ae seme see eel eee 503 
PAIMIBCTIS Se .'s Seis Soe cee eee ee eee 454 | Pentremite. A New American, by Charles 
albiguttate 2-2. c2e cneeer eee 454 Sehucherts-< ...:22 hereon eee 759 
DYED CUR: Fat viar ees eS ERO Mi ec} aye fe 454. |) Pentremites:: “i. sie see peace e ee neers 759 
Pep hel SUS LAG EUAIS tocvers ceiaieta arses eee ete 644 1(0) 0 tare RES aaae abot sot ne 760 
Bernas es et esse cece ee 644 POdOnL a) oes tet os eee 760 
Paracormops-aeeeeen eink cen eee eee oe Eee 662 macealliel. 5:5 i202 5saeechens 759, 760 
AGUA somes eee oe eee 663 ODESUS <p seus = eee Pe 760 
lonripenne os. sacs ese na eae 662 Suleatus! 255 see sheet eereee 760 
paraguayense:~o: 2225. 255252 662;663: ||) Perichin‘a 2.2225" 25-2 o- eee eee eee eee eee 551 
DOUTUII se eee eee eee 664 GTEC ai 55 2 io ae eee eee HAL 
Paradichroplusesesseseeaee cee. See eee 692 CORVINGs Sane. Se eee eee 5a1 
MDerra ys... c= 3eseee Stews, 6934) APerigess.n555-- oe easoee eee eee eee 100 
ILO DUS 62 Asa neseeeseoece 693 CONOIAS . Sa ocamaae cas eeeeeee 100 
DIpPUNCLatus see ee eeee ee 693 Charadals.ie2 202.80. oe ee eee 100 
bore) line eee ee eee 690 SCCOLV As oid oes cote eee eee 100 
op buquaes Wie See ay ee pey se: 698" “Perithous-. oe. <.)c eu een eae eae 177 
SUsifOrmMissssst saeco ee 698: ;| Peérd <6. ee oe canoe ee eee 552 
VALICOLONSo. Aes beeeee ee ee 690 binasatac: isis -2 ascc acme cht oe eee ees 552 
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus.............. 820 Gisjunctacc asses se eeeeee eae 552 
Paraguay. The -Locustidee and Gryllide 10210 (Rs ae a PS Fe ey ls 553 
(Katydids and Crickets) Collected by W.T. Peru. On a Collection of Fishes made by 
Foster in, by Andrew Nelson Caudell.... 235 P. O. Simons in Eeuador and, by Edwin 
Paraguayan Acridide, or Locusts, Synoptic Chapin Starks 22 272-22 Socsace soe oe sence 761 
List of, with Descriptions of New Forms, | IPéteromay. 2226 2e-eceese ee eee 1138 
by Lawrence: Bruner... js. -erese seems es 613 ligneas: <2. 2cu9-ee eens 113 
Paralabrax albomaculatus ................. 788:.) Petroscivtesfuccc.\ ones seca as oan eee eee 706 
CalIRensissere . . 2sske steer 787 lox0Z0DUS.32..5..2--- 25 ee ea, A ROD 
Hume raliswen.. -. caeeeeehaes 787,788 | Pezotettix (Dichroplus) bergii ...-....-.-.- 683 


INDEX. 8 i, 5 
f : Page. Paas 
Pezotettix (Dichroplus) patruelis .......... 681 | Pimpla pluto ......... cs sie 
: punctulatus....... (oA) Ses coh oy bipots yee me yi : : : ' : aaEA peorciae e ra 
robustulus ........ G85) Petnip ltl 2 2.5 suk hong at ke 176 (a 
(Trigonophymus) fuscus........ 679, | Pimplopterus -<.......2.2.. eee ey oe os 
punctulatus.. 681 fabOnicus. “shaw enue a 
varicolor ............---.-.-.---- 690 Pipisttellus imbricatus..................... 895 
Pheenocarpa .........-...----.---2----2-++-- 186 PIAG@entularte: cease ehie £8 kee he 155 
formos® ....-----.---------+-- 186 | Plagioptera bicordata...................... ee 
eM reNOPOTA CK PASH 15.2052 5c one ees S0y 47 OUn blah y COTA ese aa as ee 579 
AOMORI GY sean ee heater Se 2 ales 47, 60 chronusss.---- sc dein att BEA 
SLINGEID O28 oS ee See coe 38 CLV ok Sk nee) 572 
platyphylla .............--..--- 46 Willisi 2 oieey e's Lok reine 
(Ptilodictya) expansa.......-.. CTSA CTR ete ee ea as, ME arnt et”. 937 
Pheochlena...............-----+2---+2----- 110 | Platypcecilus dominicensis..........-...... 89 
Cuprea ......-++--.-------+----- 110 DELUPIa 4 ey eee Ra ang 
ERBCOE COCs 0-2. 222 8.2 22- 22. -.n 2 senses +3. 172 | Platysteira eryptoleuca .................... "907 
JAN PCMNCWS' oS boeseoesésece ance 172 DE LUATAN CR Cee eee ee 807 
LPT OSES OTL A Ser aoe ne ea IPA EM PLUSH TKO) O ee BME = Belay fo arte ary Me 186 
Phaneropterin® ..................--+-.----- 250g EE CuOTULIG er see eer enn s ao eee Seen 570 
UNIS SRO MONTES 6 oe eee cee eceoe ss 3p see eee ISP MPlectrotettixes: se meee ue 622, 635 
flava ......-------.22--- 222s 191 Borellit es kee cee eee 637 
IPIN@ CTOs 52 gag Sse cee agee essed Sessa eee 95 jprasiliensisz...2--.s6-eeeeee 636 
ICEMAN a= aso noseecgecss OHSU SsOIS Soe 95 Drummer insane ee eae 636 
MRC TOSSES edn Soe ronsa ane aeCoEsSee 514, 515 CONSPETSUS) ses eee ne 636 
indistineta ...... Cob ale a eee 514 DICHUS ates her one ae 636 
He TO MUR Een eta = 2 oe ee ees Sha eaes sa. 106 VAT DORI ee see ee coke ies eal 636 
MRAM CG Clitnre ese ete oo ei a whee alal= = <n 106 
Bhtiy pus: LOTMUtAtOR..<: 2s .0ccse-+S-tace-- 799 
FoenMIS: fees sooo ence nice e ae 799 
RMP LOSOPUS eerie cee aes oss se scieeccs<ss ee 108 
VPCNOIGeS\<ccissesemc o> ee esac 108 
JEINGYES) oe Gao Sa Stee ae a a ge 835 
SNCS MENG Chl me ei taeiaeesiaoe ec = nice 836, 839 
ATCO CGiretclare <= inis oniciaie eaieieie ciniejsieiwic 838, 840 
SAMO MCLE SS o ajs,-arahs tia wralere ciniattioie,s os 837 
ING GREG Oh ge Se een RebeRE Se Sooo cae ePeeeS 837 
IPORN COG NE hog | Bie ee eee eee Seer 92 
eer eet Sa esa ats oasis = 92 
EMV PTOUIS ts -aleainioee on ce = lstSacinw seeks sicie 499 
MMALENCW dee stake eicenlaenis- 2 499 
ROLOUCHI As = eeasisce sn aes a2 es 500 
EiOMNUIM Esa IMO Tse.) nists hte. ac 726 
gnercwlellan a jas4-/seen = === ar 726 
Tn evel hepa ee ae 172, 180 
Phvilaneiaamericana ..-..--2:-.-+--<=--=-- 848 
iBhyllopuera alliedea: 2-5. 22sse2- 8.6 s46-25 238 
HUTTON ee terse cine beieenins <n eisie= 238 
syorhaio bolsck eee ou Seor Se meacer 239 
AMIN OpLerOMTOSbeMe  -s.200-soc cnc tenn ne 238 
Phylloserytus brunnerianus.........------- 603 
RAENURO CLE ON ere ace acct tain la cicim'm nioleias cies ae 515 
Cillloribhahoke he eee aae ene anepeb 515 
CLENUAeen,cees sea esee we = se 515 
PTV RT aeetate a eichorsisa eis te, oto se 516 
HUIS GICOSC) ota a Eee Sac eeaSeneS 516 
Uh UNE ae eee eeeece anssecoces 517 
ME CUISC Chal se ese =r wiaelel alanine 519 
ME CUlme Clam me eat cic else <ie/osici= 517 
SOHC T A eet pae vo cinis ele mim aleve -iei> 518 
NIRS Conese acerca oes asciei- 519 
: EMU Uae: Ae aiatssaeinsis ose ee 519 
RiGidte- i. <seee co 3 “Sgge sabes se esuaance 802 
Picus (Campothera) mombassicus .....-.-- 802 
Pigs. Noteson Malayan, by Gerrits. Miller, 
cp. (ees is sae aoe 737 
Tea OGY Ae hiss Se Sas SS aee aR nee OoeR te eee 178, 180 


Pleistocene of New Mexico. A New Rumi- 
nant from the, by James Williams Gidley. 165 


Pleminiafmisergipilis.s.c.- . 2 ee s-2 eee 240 
Plethodon....... Naleles sls oe see Sarasota 559 
PMCUS Sas Sealant ects lee oaee 561 

(OL WOYN SE MIL) (ae een a Ps Sees ae 1 

IUMOSUSteome se dak cies ee recs eee 561 

JOTMAMM here ee asa e sence 561 

SHORT 182 22 eee elas 559, 561, 562 
PICUTOMCCIIEI fF oes es san ae ws ate a n'a Stee eee 800 
TO COTE Were eects nies mia ssi teen sian S04 
PIOceUSiaUxeONaVvuUS, ....2-<2--22-se0-=- oe =e 804 
TET hs ote 3 a an A Ree 105 
CAM GHA cos ceoninenan Sec e meee coe 105 
Plitellamsculipennise «0-2 = =-cls 6 oe = 722 
MMA biMTaeUleliiay ess ce secs oes tee 734 
i2ycreyGUiNs D9 a ee nape aca 779 
GIESTOU GMS a:craclcieieis 2 <(<'m/aclelateie is ~.ci'- » eee $14 
PCy ee eee ease hn nes nce oes ce an os =e da4 
Cillonk ob hay 6) Cee See aecsce sr mi  - 554 

VOU ATIS Cree eae cael aiciee oie 2 Silas mta eens 5d4 
Polyclemus peruanus ......---------------- 796 
Polwdecty lus <<<... coccens ee e= ei -eaae == 814 
SPONRS) ae eee a 813, 814, 815 
UPPLOMUMNANS ce -- a eeeee 783 
plebejus....--+..-.----------- 815 

Polyhymno sexstrigella .-.---.------------- 727 
Polynemide. ...-.----------------+---++-- 783, 813 


Polynemide from Japan. Description of 
a New Species of Threadfin Family, by 
David Starr Jordan and Richard Critten- 


den McGregor.....----------------------- 813 
Polynemus ....---------------+--+052077- . 84 
lineatus ...---..----.-----2+---- 814 

plebius ....--.------------------ 8l4 

zophomus ...---------+-+++---- 814, 815 

Roly poctes . ... ..<- = 0-- ~eninn «we newnennnen ace 412 
aniplata.....-..--.------++---=+-- 412 

ODLUSA ns a enee = eee e see aan 412 

rufipuncta ....-.--------+-------- 412 


4 

876 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 

Pomacentride: Jcscdscesecse wap es sen ereeenee 798""| (Ptiodictyadimbriste. 0-2 4- ss sss canoe 47, 60 
PomMadasis PULTO- S22 52250 se ence oss 791 NEXUOSS 2-45 252 Bose sc eee ene 54, 60 
MACTACATITNUS., see ese sce 791 SVAN SIME soe See ee 14, 15, 60 
Pomatorhynchus orientalis ................ 810 LTANULOSA cel shee ee 52, 60 
SCHEPRIWIS sees tea ceae $11 GT ee ar Sra soe Soe 37, 60 
armenus. 809,810,811 kentuckyensis:= 22225 aac 15, 60 
orientalis.... 810,811 Bret: Ket g EU CG: ye aera eee ae Sk 4 ot 51 
senegalus.... 809,811 NOW OSSn. oA sss eee ones 50, 51, 60 
fSCHAPTR eerste nae 810 DAVORIT =... taken eee 37 
Porlzonini. +29 jn shes Soe see eee eee ee 185 platyphyila,2. 2852 eee 46, 60 
POLODE 1). aaeS eee coat ce eee See ere 24 plumaris< Se et oee ee 51, 60 
paltemtans 2.22.2 co.8 he ae ac sumone 524 LOres)- 23 fic: Sta ee see eee 50, 51, 60 
Potamalosa notacanthoides ...............- 778 Varia bilis:c 270 aa scse cot he aaeeee 50 
Prasopora falesi:.3:s'.- 22 Soe eee eee eee 48, 59 WGIBDI sc coscigscoe ao one eee 52, 60 
Hospitalist ss sacee eee 11,46, 4959:..|' (PtyGhaspiss= ooo se. 2a. 4 een gee eee eee 585 
SlmUlairiscS 2% eee acer 48 SCRMUS joo sams ce sere see eee ee 586 
Preptoceros -22j./-nsee sees eee see eee eee 167 bella t..5< 23759 -s5s- Gece ae 565, 585 
Preservatives, Brains, and Brain, by Ales Pty Chopanias cscs cease oe ee 586, 591 
Mrdlickaen 3. 2eicrt eee ce oar eee eee ee 245 BCLISS. U.S eee a eee 591 
PYAR oo tiaatacraechaseenre eels eur ee Sees 158, 155 DYOMUS - 2 een 592 
Prinia mistaces <5. 5. [35 3s.ceee en eee ee 807 GOUS:. seas 2 ser eee ee 564 
Prinolop hada. = feo tencceee remo oe 640 COMIUSAE cei aromts eee 565, 566, 586, 590 
brevipennis:5- 2122 =.=. ee wae 644 IMPal*...\ 6.5.2 ~-eewee Tee 591 
serrata’: 2.28 S me seen nee 644 inflata: 22..: Jakes. cso DOD EOONaae 
Pristomerini a 22 che ocne ee eee ee eee 186 OUT ee eee eee egg ew 565, 566, 588 
PLIStOMe Ms) = 28 so sooo eee eee 186 (Liostracus) intermedia. 465, 566, 592 
chinensis 2. tes sce on ee ce se 186 megalurus ....... 591 
Probos¢ina Irondoss.. Sere ss > ences eee 50 subrugosa.. 565, 566, 592 
Prochilodus caudifasciatus................. 773 EDTASOL Ae ee sae 590, 593 
Procolpia:: cseraeasoss - ase eae ee ee 640 TOXONS a2 eee. 588 
MINOUV = sane Tee een ee 643 WSs Lee ceee eee 565, 566, 592 
iProphocar.. s2faseta he nse eck Serene 837 NCL ECIS 4yse asc aoe ae 565, 566, 588 
DLOKIMN Ae scat ae oe 837, 838 THEANO) 2. 2oU ke 52 oe oo een 591 
POUSSCAUI 275 ooet ecto tae eae 837, 838 TOMUS Shoo stizsa te tens Soe 592, 593 
PIOSCOPIN DA user oot eee Be eee 613, 618 yuo a 1,7 Rome eres, are eee Foor 565, 566, 589 
PYOterocry pis secs s= neo ansc cote te eee 174 WeSba a caccetaaw ore 565, 566, 589, 599 
MA Walle. Jaen oe. Sacre 174; {| FPtyehopadar. stsc- jase aaeeee eee 451, 455, 480 
Prototomus multionspipesssseece. see aaceeee 204 Zam plimareo sso sce eee eeeees 451 
SecunGariuat o eeesose - ceoee 204 AIH £4 JO 39 cae so ase eee 455 
StTENNUS eo b- clseeetee -ctoee 204 fissilinea: 2. S5 esc eetee eee 455 
WAVOTELNIIS rey eee ae ee oe Ue 204 RaviciNnCtas..c2c se esesee eee 456 
PYOVIVEERE ct toece esc s eae nore ee 2038, 205 flexiVittec3265 sos eee es 456 
AMETICANA\.\ <5 5 soos ee 204 friseoeastats.22222 nek see 460 
CYPICH 5 .'eiea ee ete ee oe 204 iImpellis* 35 ..s2so eco see eee 456 
Proxinus septentrionalis................-.. 143 imitate oo. Sceeps aes | eee 455 
Paecadia . ..se cea te oct oe eee eee 728 | MATASCIAY JCS Seta cs cote eae 457 
exommatella oo. aesn oes se eee 729 | MUNCIIASCIATA so. se oaece as roe 457 
Peeudophyilingw = sse5 eee eee 240 | purpureovittata:: -.-.22 2.2... 457 
Pseudostauronotus brunneri ............... 636 | TUfarenania .- 52.2. s aso ae eee 458 
Pseudostruthus gongonensis .............-. 811 | SiMIUIN CBr sae 22 law sa emcee 458 
PteroG Onis 2-2) eae eee eee eee eee rae 205, 217 Subvestita...0: chs. asaemeceees 453 
IPLGTODUSS 25/8 ones a eee ee eee 820 | tenebrics o225.oo54 stewet ete soe 459 
ehgantes 2 Ae ae ee 829 ustimargo...s-.2occie eae eeeeee 459 
hypomelantsravas-seas seo eee 822 VEY AUER Sone a cee seas ct 460 
lepidns.24.2.55 22 a ee 829 vitticostata ...-.-.........2-.- 460 
modielianit 25220 $19,823 | Pyenoneura .............-..--.---+22+------ 408 
Natalian tos 0h, ace: 823 rectilinesta -2.:.0u.--eeasscees 408 
nicohaweus7e =... eee eee 823 | Pycnonotide ...... SS Eee TS aca ee 804 
Philodictya‘acuminatats.2-6osee eee 36,59 Pycnonotus layardi micrus.........-.------ 804 
Pypidtidss .-... Sos attaki cee acne o ene 770 
aay Non ae a a So eed eee 38, 59 | Pypidium: Gisparc ic. .Js.55-0 canes eee 770 
? arctipora Be pe RESOe ace ccnaceccice 19,20 | punctulatum. 5--e0e-e eee 771 
?cimcinnatiensis ............... 14, 59 rivulatum «|i. On eer eee 771 
cleavelandi ..........--..-.- 14, 15,99: “Pylinia DYUMERtAL— ye. 2 cen eee 556 
clintonensis=--eoo- ssn eee 50;61,59:||: Pyralids: See es ee ee ee 133 
Gubig' soo-n-s eco tee setae 14, 15,60.) “Pytalis.2.22 Se acs a ene eee eee ee 141 
faleiformis: ce32) 2 36, 37 gparalig. 3. cosecs ts ae ose ees 141 


INDEX, 


: Page. 

Pyramidella (Actwopyramis) amoena.... 880,367 
casita ...... 329, 367 
digitalis ... 331,367 
eximia. 327, 328, 366 
fulva... 828, 329, 366 
lauta... 829, 330, 367 


punctigera. 831,867 

(RPAUne)) VINZO.. 2 2..s.ce0.-. 335, 867 

WOM OMe ea cca'c wale vives wc oie veo 322 

(Cossmannica) aciculata...... 326, 

366, 367 

MURS CPUS Vis srs: <a <ietetars wie e'sic e'nisis\nd 322 

(Iphiana) crystallina......... 341 

ISCUIKGL |; veces 383, 367 

tenuisculpta ..... 334, 367 

(Longcheus) bicolor. ... 322,833, 866 

(Pharcidella) hastata....... 822, 366 

SOMA ice eis as 323, 366 

MIMCIO Sines Gediec cs oaeecccoces 322 

(Styloptygma) serotina..... 334, 867 

(Syrnola) brunnea.......... 332, 366 

cinnamomen .... 332,367 

(Tiberia) dunkeri........... 326, 366 

CDUTMCH 2. ton esc B25 

NAMONICH ~.c.... ==. 824, 866 

pulchella ......... 828, 366 

Usa sce 324, 325, 366 

jacksonen- 

ClaSaseee 825, 366 
trifasciata-.....2.s2: 366 | 

(Triptychus) niveus ........ 323, 366 

EOP BLM. cs cenic ect seciuecaace 827 


Pyramidellide. Notes on Japanese, Indo- 
pacific, and American, by William Healey 


Dall and Paul Bartsch. ...-- Pee rasiwe eee 321 
AOU OUVAUMITILG (0-20 es aeceececcccteccce 341 
EMU MOMMONDIINIES cine as ees ---ecccncccrcee 613, 688 
Mv ghiblot, (C10 348 
OVE PURSE ete cleisisimipin wic's'c o's eiciclninwinseccece 5b5 

FOITUMMEUSEG UPaecsten cig svi a'a.0 ia cine p'a-0\r,ain ¢ Hib 
RADA eee Meet rat wis cis’ v.c'c'ric'> <ei'a'e vc.ee 56 
YUCSEMLUN Eber ccac.c'e cinaici= «/e/e vos ice c1c000 556 
SHIT oS te a eh ne 556 
TULL ONE eee sa cpic.cvo awn eidwiawies one 555 
EO UOTE EH ee oe oie ie oe bie sme rein win wieeie 421 
CAMIOUUIMATH . 25 v2 cnn ea vice ne 421, 422 
COMPAL SE St tocar ete rie Oe cla e aly 421 
PME Hes widic se ae sees wee ee 422 
POSTEVINLT UA as syncs et a ae es claniele ove 422 

COTE MER Mers oo nulaicls cieinc,w0ia'eo~i;s 422 
RERTOLISP Ltlioeie ssian ce ein c= xn'- pik o =m 423 
MOMGDAC TAME asrs' sive vintenisle's'='= 22 424 
MANSION Metitette alee k tata locccrseets 424 
MOTIRUDAI DIB. ode nlsnise ps0 cm anne 425 

RY ALCC el tein sere ee Save bs aa ee 425 
(eUIIG Cie Se Se pea g BOC Ree eer ke 426 
MELOPRoM tte no d-clalsieie/saieis's «='2 423 
BOUAME sig asiaia ad re <w «wiv eo <m's 426 


Recent Additions to the Exhibition Series 
of Vetebrate Fossils. Notes on Some, by 


GAT LEM Vis GULQIOLC 2 wees enn ncn wecceenee 607 

Recurvaria dorsivittella ...........--.----- 724 

elachistella _ She eae eee 725 

(Pid itj00d)\. 3.5,500400e OS Se eee Ee EEE 564 
Rehn, James A. G., Descriptions of 'Phree 
New Speciesof Katydidgand a New Genus 

of Crickets from Costa Rica .....+.+------ 597 


S77 


Page, 

Rehn, James A, G., Notes on South Ameri- 

can Grasshoppers of the Subfamily Acri- 

dinw (Acrididwe), with Descriptions of 
New Genera and Species .............-... 871 
RODIAN. «ise set ckens ca been eis dees hw eh enon 127 
DipUMGtalisr: 62. cess. seas see 128 
CACALIB cs 5.5 cee tia oe wen caer yea 127 
OndenalisNopects tere hacs. >see ee 127 


Review of the American Mothsof the Genus 
Cosmopteryx Hiibner, by August Busek. 707 
Review of the Sand Lances or Ammodytida 
of the Waters of Japan, by David Starr 


JOLUAM 2 toe map wenn eee aalce Seeee eat eae cae 715 
RIL CRCTA:: «5s wastes dees Ran caen caeee ee eR GSE 107 
HAD OU Wisc n/ipan aan ear oe ee ee 107 
MGZCU By wiit cuca ee eee een 107 
PUDVOMEM RITA santas sees nee 107 
NeW or hanks lh Neea tO Mer cee se met here el eR 769 
Jenvnells yo soei tas ekecas oeeermie 769 
Rhamphcehynechus gemmingi ............. 607 
DOV UNIS esac 607 
DORIC SDIOUEES cance celtienmenies abet eeteeee ta 171 
NATOULGIN  <pieie vied sapiens <r 171 
Mitimpniailebn. sire cata aietates slawana saps ek ole 182 
GUD Ps ee ocsnetnae ee iaaa eotss 182 
Rhinidictya parallelar:. 25... s..-..ss-+svws 52, 58 
RMI CH YONIG Ss oa rcewae.s cus toleh ese 36 
[youbelo) oyzhn tke hess Agee Oc eRer errr f 763 
Rhinobatus glaucostigma .............----. 768 
Jeucorhynchus ................ 763 
Rhinogobius hadropterus ............--.--- 700 
LBRO N natal ws fo'ainia;a' elie a hin biataie 147 
HORA TO LOW cl ec water arte a kateleteiate’o'aiatecels'e/s(acelesaiese 824 
RVD ARNO] OPUS AAMIIN aeive es nin’e:claiars a/peas's cteces 824 
BUN OBO lsieir ciate tees ts ainiaia.cintetate's 819, 824 
RUMIN OPOUAy VERMULCOSH so vive eis/oesaiesiais = aa'aein isis Hits 
RUIIIIORUIN: ci totes cretstenipercts on tiv ata eines ts wie ee 738 
124) 8070 (300: pale Sp eRe AREARSAAA Ry Cae cee 15 
OCOMSOUIB Me sa ateintn se entree leap oie. 145 
ONY Zi tole's s\elciteiecasinivinls 016 pisie sia efate a's 14 
PUN OR AGL Bewicc vos ateds ae mie were xalde teas 197 
FU ORE GUNN Wicca eae ces cuca aioe a eiae = «eae? 198 
BOMBS tocelere aie eects annie «owe nlyteid’e Ws weal nela x 198 
HURGOMLECUMATUS) <n neen veer asinine 198 
JAPONICUS... .-- 20. ene e ween ceen enone 199 
PEYOTE LER TILL UL CHa minnie os eine es alata iets eon vie ete 651 
BPCCIOSA.....-.2- cesreenceenencnes 651 
MUO eo stctene ed naan tems 651 
Rhombotrypa quadrata ........-.--+.+-+--- 21 
Rhopalonaria pertenuis.....--..-..-------- 95,56 
MHOSOLORIA Gs agacnicvev cesses =< sereswmaresas 124 
pallida ....-.c.cececsnecceen vane 124 
Rousettus amplexicaudatus..... Helen iy sialon 824 
Ruminant, A New, from the Pleistocene of 
New Mexico, by James WilliamsGidley.. 165 


Sagenella striata ...---.----+-e--2-ee00-- 53, 64, 60 
Salamander fiom North Carolina, A New, 
by Leonhard Stejneger....--------------- 559 
Salamander, Spelerpes Maculicaudus 
(Cope). The Life History of the Cave, by 
Arthur M. Banta and Waldo L, MeAtee.. 67 
Salarias andersoni. ......-.----+++++++++-+-- 708 
CLOSING » > coo csasndar act edoulderes 703, 705 
tAMCRASIMB. ... 2-22 -eeereeerecesens 704 
Sand Lances or Ammodytide of the Waters 
of Japan. A Review of the, by David Starr ‘ 
(lo 


Jordan 


878 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Sangalopaissca: 5 see een oe ee eels 503: eSeyllina wanipess oe -ce= messes eee 385, 387 
MEGA ta Lens seca ce ees ceeee se 503 | Seythnisiimpositella: s--2- asec cee see eee 730 


Santo Domingo. New Fishes from, by 
Barton W. Evermann and H. Walton 


Clarks 222s co eats mae eae ao ese see 851 
Sarda chilensis; 2o-cnerseone sae eee eee 761, 784 
Sardinellatintbrigta 2... s. =.= sae eee 778 
SQYVOQUAUS Sr oe ae oer eee ese ne ao Sea 145 

SatsuIM se ceo eee oes Mees eae 145 
Scaphura yigorsil fot e-cse ocean ae 237 
Scapterniscus bore. s.o--- n-ne 243 

CHMeLONI 2o.22 soko ce cee ee eee 243 
SCOR Se Basha ciclrsrerctecite rots lapels el nite cite eee 412 
AUP AMM saa - seca ese te atoe ee 412 
obliqtariay. 22.55 st kaea cases ose tee 412 
Scenella. os. Se8 oa bocce occas vain ee teate = ea 571 
clothows- 2 = tare eee eos aoe cece 572 
Gilatetys. 205 seasons chee 565, 566, 571 
Schaphtura: VigOrsiils -: 32 see oa es ce oe 237 
Schaus, William, Descriptions of New 

South American Mophst see =-esooeee ese 85 

Schazamgd, Ms noah. Sue te selnehes see ores wees 108 

ATS MShPCMIMIS ses e. eee ie 109 
Schistocerca. o2s2- ccc seca See ease eee 675 
Gesiliensis).)-seceae ted eee oee 675 
flavofascisitae sacs esse pee OLD 
TTI Sta) Ae an we ea tee cet oe 676 
PMG ata. aera Sea ee een 676 
pallens *s32...ces--b-becestesee 676 
PATANEUSISK. <cege eas ne ooo clea 676 
PeLesTiNa s.cseose.b see anes nee 676 
Schistocol pig=: <3. -ssesceece wee Aes ee snes 460 
CTINM EE? Fas sn ee oe eee eooe 461 

Schuchert, Charles, A New American Pen- 

tHemile< Jee See Shawano anes 759 

Scivens Geliciosgs a. --osne- ses ee ee eee eee 794 
TASCala Vath te wee ee Sao eee 793 | 
eilberth. 2222. Ss cecicowe es seaaereees 794 | 

Scisemidfe.< 22288 255.0 ooo eee eee eae eee 793 

Sciagraphiuts=-osace-ceapen ceaes erlake em ees 525 

stabilatae. <>< tes atone 52% 
SCINASCODUS se tapaie eek suicec os. cee cmmeeane 17: 
ad bOMmaRCuIabUS eee eee eee 173 
TA PONTCUS He seen ents te cee sess a 172 

Sconlber japonicusi--..--s+-< seeeeo see aee 761, 783 

Scompbridtes: | .ccckes cccane cose nee ee aes 783 

SCOpPas ODESUS secs i meicta st ceteeme sme eseene 689 

SCOVLOPSIS see sonuman Sache oases osbeeee eee 503 

NISUVeENAtA) toe soso sceee eee seine 503 

BCObAIR: .. dc skins ce. weoa eee sae neee ces 412 
GISCOlOTS. ao ces ce See e eee en ee 412 
favicapillaccss ccs scneeeeoee eens 412 

Migrate, H.2252 se aoacce reset eeeeee 412 

SICOUUISSE 2 cco We one bees Seep eneee aeee 688 

brasiliensis..* sores... soe seee eee oe 689 

IMpPuUdiee.: -sosesee cate eee eee 688 

TUDTIPeS 2. Soe nce eee 688 
Sewilinar. :.- 2-228 Sen secee meee ee cleaner 384 

BOrrellit 22s sede aera ee eee 388, 637 

IUCr. 2: S Se eee eee eee 885 

CODSPCISG= n~ sc ses ote ee eee etereee 385 

Digtee 5; c:c0. esos oe eR ee 385 

SChIStOCErcOlGES c= .ec cee ee seteane 388 

SOUT ocean mcchres aoe eee eee 385, 387 

SUIISa ees oe pea aoe ee ene 385 

TITOMUS sae ncececesas aes waceroe 384 


bt ot 


Seal from the Miocene of Maryland. De- 
scription of a New Genus and Species of 


Fossil, by Frederick W. True .........-.- 835 
Seale, Alvin, and David Starr Jordan, De- 
scriptions of Six New Species of Fishes 
from, Japan -: 2... b:<5o:fou. = eae 143 
Sebastia so.-2- 0 5.op ss sentences eee 473 
QSSimilis.. s <b aee ec aecte so ee rae 473 
balteste coo ads sees se 474 
Geldarian 72 22. Pes saceee eeees 473,474 
Gormital...c.c i csdes cent eae 475 
humeraitarc Js. ee. ..ee eee cee 475 
maleformatar .~ aaa. 4. 92s eee 474 
olivaria.. 5 Soper eee 476 
pallidistriga-sjessc. see e esse ees 476 
Helene Vomerc..- 22-2: season es ee eees eee 786 
Semiophora2sccsncte tsa deca ee oe 102 
bastulas. 5.225 -oncceaa eee 102, 103 
punctulacs: 2 o--hees eee eee 103 
|, Semiota inamoenellasiss..s2s-scee eee ee 734 
Operosellay. <a... == eee 734 
Semiothisa . 2... 2.4, .0c.Sesaseee eee eee 526 
aDTUptal. soe. odes e ce eck ee aes 526 
atOMariay...c4- sak 2eetec senses 527 
CALEDO 2.0 cucamewseet oeeeeeeeee 529 
decorates cade anseee eee ee 527 
TERVENS) le. eee ee eee 528 
héterorenatac.- tec. eae 528 
lapidatanc. coche sn Soeeeseeee 528 
liquatas <2. ose neers ececeneeeee 529 
MUN GSiniaiig sesce ssseee eee 529 
plurimacuilatas.2..-e-ee-e sere 530 
PUNCHIStIIata joe see eee eee 530 
Sarda J. che. eeeten meee 5381 
subiulacs.coacJeacs eeiceeeeeeee 531 
subyalida. 22525 .o:a-c. ue sees 527 
Semiothisines 2. . 22526 eee ee ena eee 25 
Series of Vertebrate Fossils. Noteson Some 
Recent Additions to the Exhibition, by 
Charles W.. Gilmore:220)2¢-0-eeoeeeeeeeeee 607 
Serranidse\...0.5.5.2 62-2 8s cose eee 787 
| Setomorpha operosella...........-.-------- 734 
Tuderellastc: cect ener eee 734 
Shantungia, Sprmifenas qnessssseeese = eee 564 
SiculodOpsis.-<t.c..2.00hesceeoe awe eke eeeeeee 406 
dubia’ 2... ose eee 406 
eracilinea. 2a. less eee 407 
Sleydium: busckit = i365. seach eee eaeenee 854 
punctatus: eco sense eee eee 89d 
Silurian Bryozoa. A Study of the James 
Types of Ordovician and, by Ray S. Bass- 
lets cee sates fediscies ote oes ae on ee eee 1 
Silurides 2. eo5.52-9:5e502 ce eeassneeseenene 764 
Simbos)..226 224%. eb soe 2 ae ease eee 22 SE OF 
Simons, P. O.,OnaCollection of Fishes made 
by, in Ecuador and Peru, by Edwin 
Ghapin Starks .25 <2. .<scee eon eee eee 761 
Sim pte oe acac en. so saeces eet Ae ee 622 
GSIMARE), oa isictrecos eas oes ee 630 
Sinopec soskee see eee moras 203, 205, 230, 231 
grangerl >). 5.68.2. used eects 204, 206, 208 
major 


minor 


—> 


INDEX. 2 879 
, Page Para 
Sinopa poke wt ce tee e eee eee e eee ee eee 204,206 | Species of South American Geometrid 
Sinopa, The Osteology of, A Creodont Mam- Moths. Descriptions of New Genera and, 
mal of the Middle Eocene, by William DyAWalligms Werner sssssee ss eeeennn nn 399 
(Diller INE HINEN TS 9 <2 Cae eae Soa eeeeeee 203 | Species of Threadfin (Family Polynemide) 
Sitotroga cerealella -.............2.2.2.-... 722 from Japan. Description of a New, by 
Six New Species of Fishesfrom Japan. De- Dayid Starr Jordan and Richard Critten- 
scriptions of, by David Starr Jordan and CenMiGGner Ons. s eee eee 813 
Alvin Seale tren ee nceec ses ee ester eee sere ee 143 | Species. Tineid Moths from Southern Tex- 
Snyder, John Otterbein, and Dayid Starr as, with Descriptions of New, by August 
Jordan: BUske 26 ioc nce. sce ke a ae 721 
A Synopsis of the Sturgeons (Acipense- Specimen of Fungia ConcinnaVerril, Three 
mish 3) @t UENCE ooo oss see Sse See aeeeee 397 New Fungite, with a Description of a 
Ona Species of Loach; Misgurnus De- Specimen of Fungia Granulosa Klunzin- 
cemcirrosus (Basilewsky ) from North- ger and a Note on a, by T. Wayland 
Sina (OJON) Ao Ae eRe be Ree ee 833 Vieauieianie tok a ts ee ee 827 
The Giant Bass of Japan................ 841 | Spelerpes bilineatus..................... 71, 77,81 
SOME TOON 6 ere ace de decane aoe neces eee 593 SUitolinea tise aseee eee eeee 81 
pauperata .....-..-..... 566, 590, 593 longicaudus: 22) eee ee 67, 68, 69, 81 
SIOISEVD cs socag horas de Senos Con UCSeReseeeoBe 121 vast KE OUD HHH Ta Says ee 68 
GKOUNWIS. Soono Se ecnonsseseseeeecoRe 121 maculicaudus .... 67, 68,69, 70,71, 79, S1 
South American Geometrid Moths. De- Spelerpes Macaulicaudus (Cope). The Life 
scriptions of New Genera and Species of, History of the Cave Salaman- 
\eay ASME NONE: 0¢:) ee 399 der, by Arthur M. Banta and 
South American Grasshoppers of the Sub- A's: (6 Cop OGY Cod. cl 67 
family Acridine (Acridide), with De- TAD] OR ok OMe AD 71, 80, 81 
scriptions of New Genera and Species. SPMLETOL eS MUMU Mle eee neers ae evs Leat 798 
Notes on, by James A. G. Rehn......-... SALE Sp hivmin eye CULO Lee oe oe ee ae ee eee ee eee 763 
South American Moths. Descriptions of CLICLES See, Ree eee ean, eee 763 
Newb yVullidm SCHHUS: 2.5.05.052-.--.-- 85 761 
Southern Texas, Tineid Moths from, with 763 
Descriptions of New Species, by August Starks, Edwin Chapin, and David Starr Jor- 
SSH Cate ct eiieise (2 ctsrs: clea tiore's co he weaicbe aes 721 dan. List of Fishes Collected on Tanega 
PS euU aM etna elton = clsiolentcinse Jel oo canes 639 and Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern 
lanksfonteluasl Oo Se snooe ee ose coats 639 Japan, by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, 
Spathiine -.....---..----..----- ++ +--+ +2 +e: 200 with Descriptions of Seven New 
SDAODOLEMMACULOSA). nij-4 jee see -2<5-= 0s 30 SPECIES aacee tre nese teeter net Samer eee 695 
Species. List of Fishes Collected on Tanega Starks, Edwin Chapin, On a Collection of 
and Yaku, Offshore Islands of Southern Fishes made by P. 0. Simons in Ecuador 
Japan, by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, RR UP GTLIt ceed tee ee Se eee nn amc 761 
with Descriptions of Seven New, by David SbUUKOTHECtUS see see secee eee eae 376, 622, 632, 634 
Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks.. 695 breyapenwishaes eases eee ee 377 
Species, Notes and Descriptions of Upper longicornis ........ 376, 377, 633, 634 
Carboniferous Genera and, New Ameri- variegatus.....-- 377 
ean Paleozoic Ostracoda, by Edward O. Stelnod OM Wad UT cepa <= eee ere ciara 239 
Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler.....----------- 149 | Stejneger, Leonhard, A New Salamander 
Species. Notes on South American Grass- from North Caro- 
hoppers of the Subfamily Acridinz (Acri- bbc aaepires see mee 559 
did), with Descriptions of New Genera A New Tree Toad 
AICO yedamMed: AG, RDM a. = cence =< 371 from Costa Rica... 817 
Species of Coenocyathus from California and Steleistrum mOrorame ---. 2. 5-6------ 22-2 146 
the Brazilian Astrangid Corals. A New, SrBinten Tailor coe ree oe eee 793 
DyeLeWiaylanduVaUP nan... cece --- = SOE it aT GiCi ae ies eee eee Poe ee 520 
Speciesof Fishes from Japan. Description: TEVEMS coe 2 chee Seelam eee 520 
of Six New, by David Starr Jordan and la ietiovakbed auaVs\ohooto) aeeaen ee OE, ieeee a et 170 
JNINIOUS EAI See Sone eee Onc tac Be SoBe aeeeeeeg 143 sapporoensis..-..-.-..--.-- 170 
Species of Fossil Seal from the Miocene of Sronoplaativecte 2 ele ce eee eee 113 
Maryland. Description of a New Genus * FiO Ce ae 413 
and, by Frederick W. True... eae oe ae : Bee Creo WOlaNee seen seme cee es eee sense 661, 669 
Species of Katydids and a New Genus o} ees eA ate wee epg, 661 
Crickets from Costa Rica. Descriptions oe (Oxyblepta) puncticeps ......--. 661 
of Three New, by James A. G. Rehn...-. 597 ee 661 
Species of Loach; Misgurnus Decemcir- puicuceys So ee owas 2 
rosus (Basilewsky) from Northern China, | Stenopora fibrosa.----.--+-------+--+-+=2->- 573 
by David Starr Jordan and John Otter- Stenotheca ceceneecetteeteeeesnccnne oe 7 aoe 
s g22 SIMPlOK sou nacanenn woes <= 969, 066, 0/9 
beimjSayGer -- 25. - 2.2. -. «2-2 ------------- Be 


880 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Stenotracheéliys = 22-2 cc.eew- eee fae eae ctaa ee 920s! (SylyiellajaGksoniiot—2 = 3. eee oe eee 807 
iV GHI RE Rade san dgs- ss acsoc 520 | UNICO VD Ts i Se ee gee role ee 807 
Stephanocare richthofeni .............----- 564 | Sylvietta whytii jacksoni -................. 807 
Stereolepis'PIGAS.<c2 sec ss Cee eee see $42,843. || -Sylvildsiwecs Sete eee cee sete ene eae 805 
isChinaplieckcseeee aes ee Sa Sym phyloxiphusme ms seesssseeree ee see eee 603 
Stereotettix(: .s 5.2. eadeneces sere nen 381 | mapnifieum!=s---2552- ses 603 
paraloristesa eis. psec sas oee 38L:/| “(Synmephevs 535-2 see ees sae 152, 153, 155 
Sternopygidtey zo act eee senate ee ees TU4. ||. SYDCLENIS\ S225 eres eee esis ee eee ee 557 
Sternopygus equilabiatus .............----- 7717 USHIMIETS O.. .eoe ot eee eee 557 
Sterrhaiicesesesss se seer ate seer Ey ibe Wilby iS Naalel Wise Scar sapere cibebor asecce eee 462 
fATROEAL..k. os wot. ee 461 peer Che: emer Meets fa) SEE a 462 
inficetaia& sacs eee eee 461 | Syngnathide...... RE PEE tee Bae 696, 783 
Sterrhin eens =) see eceeee aa Saget 427 | Syngnathus starksi-. 222. ---- 6.22.2. se een 783 
Stictopora clathratula 22-2222 2-5 o--=—= 37,60 | Synopsis of the Sturgeons (Acipenseride) of 
Vanclevil’=)< 9. -cciteweeseeaeee 47 Japan, by David Starr Jordan and John 
Stictoporella flexuosa. 2-32 22> ce sees eee Oa poe Otterbein Suiy Gero. 2s5.<42-ae weet sn oe ees 397 
! INtErstiNnetaA sts aces ase eee 54 Synoptic List of Paraguayan Acridide, or 
Stiemiatellaielavisees.o.. sere eseeiteeee ete 5d Locusts, with Descriptions of New Forms, 
Gy Chel i. ~2 career see 5d by. Lawrence Bruner. o-)---eee =e teeaee 613 
Stirapleurais2ccs. cee ves eas ee $90; 622, 634..| ‘SyrmOlasess 2. o seein she seem oes elena eee 325 
DIUM EA. cies ee nos ote teee- 390 serotina).. 2.5 s2<2s-0 Se - os eaepeeaeee 334 
QDSCUTA =) Knee a ace eee eee 390 Withee... Tacks des Sede toe ee oe ees 324 
palliday assaf aeseesecese ass 390) | \Syrphoctonus’: 3-s.ce-s= oscar eae eee eee 183 
Variabilis, 2c meceme asec eee 634 AtdMiensis: =5+sc.ceascee esas 183 
Stomatopora.c 222. se. ce csc casectecesseseeae iL, 11 | Tachyphyle:: =: 252s sessc- cscs eee ee eeaee 426 
delicate: - 3.25 Feb eso eres 55 weretinetals..2° 5. bees soe 427 
-LENnwWissima == seen 55, 56 COstiseripta, c-<c-nce cc eek oars eae 426 
2 MCGHENOIGES adsense eee 56, 60 subilatai: S25!) utoecsnece eee 427 
ludlowensis’s.s22-65%5- sc n-sce 57, 60 mnd Gelinas: 2 hee seer eaten tae 427 
Proutenye<. -2.4-ce- coe eae 55,56 | Tachysurus equatorialis.........-------.---- 766 
COMISSIIN 8 oe 5.) rate iste ees 55 steindachnerisc..-% s 5-5-5 e-ee 768 
PUDUWATIS Sees eee re 57, 58; 60 >|) Peniocampar-c.22 245 ase seen eee ae 104 
Strepula concentrica =. ~ 2. 2.2. heels 160 NANA sae aaa eee 104 
Study of the James Types of Ordovician Tamartha)! 2225-2258 eaesee tena eee 728 
and Silurian Bryozoa, by Ray 3. Bassler... 1 bittenella 2. 3-22 2csearceseeeoee 730 
Sturgeons (Acipenseride) of Japan. Asyn- dellieila-. faci ok ceSencdasent uses 730 
opsis of the, by Dayid Starr Jordan and niveosel4a) ga. e2schnns See eee 729 
John OtterbeimiSnyder. 5-2 es. see =e sees 397 | Tanega and Yaku, Offshore Islands of 
Stypolophus brevicalearatus ........-.-.--- 204 Southern Japan, List of Fishes collected 
INSECHVOLUS... cares see eee 204 on, by Robert Van Vleck Anderso 1, with 
WighS ceo 4 Aasminces aeons tan 204 Descriptions of Seve: New Species, by 
PUNENS: ee sek ve see hee 204 Dayid Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin 
Witte 24 oo tes chiesmcens ee 204 Starks w.:..cacc. «de dsucdecasee eee m emer 695 
Sides. -< 222, ba he oemntes occ oss eens ee 820 | Tchagra senegalensis .............--------- 810 
Sumatra, The Mammals of Engano Island, Tehitrea ferretiz: soo: ot sas teen eee £07, 808 
West, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr.-.........-.. 819 perspicillatas ec sees cee 807, S08, £09 
Sus/andamaniensisecic teciiataa lee arsiya seer 747, 754 suahelicas22-- soo. =n. 809 
Hab. 2 tee Mees a ee ees 748, 752, 753, 820 Busli¢hita: 95.5222. 05e432- eee 807, 808 
Bax Dapusee sescce eee. se=s 737, 739, 741, 742, 743 VINCI. Yi ott eee ee 807, 808 
CHIstatUss.teecneeeocceemeee ee 744, 745, 747, 749.|" Teinistionlansit: =. sss2s0-. esos) eee eee woe? O64 
Parr antiar aM eaiwcseocnacse a seeeo neces 743 | Telphusa .acaciella s.2.22 22s. s-eee ee se 722 
jubatulus..c-2 eet es eceeeeeee 745, 746, 750 longifasciella;. 5.2 nck eee 723 
jubattis 2-225. +5. <a-5-20- sen 745,746: 750! |: “Temeluchaws. coe. coe ctee - soe ae eee 185 
lOnSINOStris: ae. <2 See eee .--- 738, 739, 740 japonics. 2.222522 20 2-ee eee 185 
mimus....-- Be a eS ar Me 747, 168,704) || “Denistiom SOON oes0-0- tanner ee eee 564 
NAINENASIS -5-4--c e.. Sees eee teas 748, 758° | Tephrinkg, s2-223 2. eeoascsee ose eee ees 532 
NIAGeNSIS« <5 <2. 525) sce deeeaseeracemes’ 747, 751 albisecta. -..0.0<-2. Sette-ssaceee: 532 
MicObaricus=~ -. se. scc cen serene 747, 754 confertistriga.:. <2... 22n=-neseenes 432 
OLS «0 smct ens SOUS kei oe Bete 738; 141 *|  Tephrinopsists os. sascc- soemes Sansa eee 533 
Peninsulanis. F-sc cece. ome ae ee 748, 749 indeterminkta.. =o) scneee eee 533 
TOLONISK =< 0 son nee See e eer eee eee 747,748. | Tephrochystta < ccc Se oc geese cea Saas eee 477 
VGETUCORUS s5.- cs sclno wee ee eee 738 SDItH.< o..o2e5 0 ae ee ee 477 
WIEGAHUS) cosacc nae ce asascseace 745, 747, 748, 752 ONtATIO: <2: stohons a. eR ees 477 
By chnoleter..<32t20. c.tee os nea Spetincaa tees 182 brunneicosta.......---. sas taet. 450: 
JAPODICUS Se. ses c ness see eRaes 182 CabITAt: < .ncceceenaeeeeeeeee ’ 487 


°® - 
INDEX. é 88] 
i ‘ Bayo Page. Page. 
meparoelystia Cercina ..-..)........0..6 22. 479 | Three New Fungie, with a Description of 
ts Conduplicata....--25.....2 478, 485 | a Specimen of Fungia Granulosa Klun- 
CINOLN Ss et sicisicice so otisc ce cbe 479 | zinger and a Note on a Specimen of 
RAUNSTE MLA ames ace Se ecisieace ces 491 | Fungia Concinna Verrill, by T. Wayland 
definebriata 2.2220. .s.celc. 479 Vaughantce sce cscs. ces ten rete Reem 827 
GLEE RT a, ope ee 478 | Three New Species of Katydids and a New 
CISGIpUMtae recs cose see h ces 480 | Genus of Crickets from Costa Rica, De- 
(CE DOCT Ty OC eee ee 481 scriptions of, by James A. G. Rehn....... 597 
ECSIITO Je GARB esc eeeanse eee AS TMH MIND ORI .2 .chta ce oc See unk ee re 325 
BNET BIE = Servos Scrat tics occ S810 450 >| ein ati dee Soest = scene bese See eee eee 805 
CH OTUAT Sa eee tok 2 sas accu <3 482 | Tinea croceoverticella ..................... 735 
MEME WISH Ree ees Secat een Sas 482 Tuscopulivellsis.-. 8 sea eee 736 
AMPPEGUENS. oo. lec datos s: 483 TUMeEOCR Ite atece = eee e ee 735 
RN Ae ee es ea NN a 483 | Tineid Mcths from Southern Texas, with 
Tencorrapnatas oo -cccscceo-8 483 | Descriptions of New Species, by August 
° MBAPIMPUMGIA. esas se kets AOU SN BUBSCK cr. <r mn caniceacte aca tae eee 721 
medtobrunmede 2205.25.56 AS44892} DIN Clee < ou seek ee aa eee eee meee 731 
Wi TGith e e es Oe ee 484) YRinein aires. case ee oe eee 721 
mUseistrigate 2. .55.6lc6.<- 485 | Toad from Costa Rica. A New Tree, by 
MARGIN AN erent ce Sosa cece: 485 heonhard'Stejnerera. ee see onsen aes 817 
MELON Vata ele el ees. ack 4865 Lortricodes jssacccee se ecce te eee eee eee 122 
PICHIMATE ON So sSacsosccieaee. 487 dulcenace eee ccs tesene eee 123 
planipennis.2.6.2.5. 0.0... 487 patilensis-. 2. Si380.2c oe, 2. see 122 
PACA testers wiels since ejarersis <a vajcie'e A872) le LO ROPLELUB nc wiccleeis eects ae Re mee 376, 622, 629 
MUDeMUCINCIA —--.cces cee cs ws 486 TUM RUS ee eae eee tclec ees 376, 629 
RE WN ae ac Obes ewcc es = ARS Te DrachinOvus CArGUN Nes seams ete eee 786 
PEM PALS Ss scecckaaeca sc 488 Kennegyiet et ces eee 786 
Semirufescens ........5..... 489 Paloma. Pc ce eee Meeeeseee 786 
SUS At tesaact coats cece ck 489 | Tree Toad from Costa Rica. A New, by Leon- 
SUpmMingNGH eee. soe secs 490 hard Stejnegers sss hs Sees eee ase 817 
SvIphariaiecic: woes ewesedces oe 490>| Triacodon’aculeatus: >. 2. ss.s-sssesne soe ae 204 
AIG) See a ga ee 491 1H Up. tae ee errs Sel a emacipoe te 204 
WACHCULAS oceans fui etsesek. 491 PLANGIS! oo. Lee seem Ree oe 204 
PPR WVCSLODALIM sa ketteccc cece siccte 492 MANNS. se tes cad skh oe coteiocs cee 204 
MELANOGOVRCDUSItscesaca-Naccsstecessecese 618s MRrianthusibeckiss: eccc asc: sede aek eee 9 
angustirostris ............ Ol 9m Driventrance. 2 wecccce mace cr ee eects 454, 462 
Pareles ceewce cictocices 619 aurilim bates. o5 oe eee ase aoe 462 
MEMS Seay eee ao 619 Diguittata.s. =. soese. des ees eae 462 
Metragonopterus festa... 0.05..-.22202 2.6. 776 brunneomarginata ..........---.. 463 
DEIUIAIMUSM Me sake aces ss 775 Colligata. 0: --.. cn. - 2-2 ee cenn ence 463 
MUGS cee eee nicitace ea 777 comsequens.................-..---. 464 
Metravdo milder. nena. cee sce se cece cane 798 AavishPMae. neem ece esa ees 464 
Thetinik< Ga Ca) eee re 614 IGNELUMOSA ewe ose ee seeoea me 8 465 
CHEMI OMA SEE se oe teceoskel wee < ccna se 616 DEVCTOCE Blea e rn alata eee sear =e 465 
TSENG, © oe 2h ee ee ee 614, 616 VINOSHLA pet saa ate enicls See cee 466 
PPETCMMR Eee ore a's «ma kciasscain nine as GlGe i oriceratops calicornisy..s..-..--cs--- ce se ene 608 
TAMU COStALA. 620. Seen eceke eee GIG OTIC DIG ION oer ood ayaa mare aw wale one's weiss oie ve 814 
Mentieinieneenn eee cic css cscsacseawsebene 613,614 | Trileuca........---.------..5.2.0.-+2 20-20 106 
Texas, Tineid Moths from Southern, with OCHTACEA -.-.- ++ eee sees eee eee ee 106 
Descriptions of New Species, by August Mit ODitages cetemi e's oan o.oo asm mieten 573 
mincceeeereatias eee j2le)|) rimerotropis’=.\. 92 <--.-6- a=" em ee 637 
Thalassoma cupido..........-.---.--------- 699 pallidipennies'’)-----..-0----- 637 
The Life History of the Cave Salamander, Mi OMIMALOU CA Sane ee ease ce eae eee 114 
Spelerpes Maculicaudus (Cope), by Arthur angulata .....-.-.---+-+-++-- 114 
M. Banta and Waldo L. McAtee.......... 67 | Trioxy6.....----------- +--+ +22cee essere eee 187 
The Locustid and Gryllidz (Katydids and TripteLryeiODi teres. scree taken aoe ae 700 
Crickets) Collected by W. T. Foster in TriptyChusiMiVeuss: cece ee - hese naa nr 323 
Paraguay, by Andrew Nelson Caudell.... 235 | Tritemnodon.........---.----------+- 205, 226, 229 
SITET Pee ame = cc scieicle-ciceiscicee ceo = 181 APIlis sec aces Aes bene 206, 208, 217 
OME GUM ie ecaleise.s/</ela/aver\o acs cic 181 (Limnocyon) agilis .......... 206 
Threadfin (Family Polynemide) from Ja- | whiti .....-----+--+-+++++++- a 
pan. Description of a New Species of, by [wUristiva ce. <coccuaene peeeeeekmaan eae =m ees 888 
David Starr Jordan and Richard Critten- bergioneocse eee eee ee eee 383 
Thane ge) ae $19: Dreochiodes!: naeeece tree er ees 470 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx—06——56 
—_ 


882 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Trochiodes cachara <oc.cen- owtasse ose aan 470 | Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) monocycla.. 342, 367 
subpohliaitia, stecckot ses e sees 470 obeliseus....%. 339 
Mropida crises. acce eaeeaeee lee eet 655 SECUIR: =. Le: 339, 366 
Cristetas 225 ck eee msae oe cee 656 suleata cect. Heed eect see et 339 
r6 Abb Opt Aya EE Cer ice 655 WATICOSA; i Scistvooss ote eae eae 345 
Tropidonotus angulatus..............-.-.-- 646") (Purpilia, erangiss=-2.2-—5os ence een eee 597 
GISCOIMEUS 2-6 seek ese ese eta ce 646 obtusan pula. 2225 26.2- 22) eo eee 597 
leevipes Pees ean taeeeeee teas 648 DPUNCUALA conc aaseee ec sae eee 597 
MOGESHIS' j2eas cee eee 646 SUDINEIMIS 7. cee ee eee eee 239 
SCODIUDCS aaa s scenes 648 | Turtur capicola damarensis..............-. 802 
WrOpinouls’ =92- a4 nee nae ane ean 645 tropicais Me.2- 22 seece see 802 
ating: 25. 52 2 Ssac eee teen eneee 646 {TOPICUS seen eese se eee 802 
SNLUIAUS asa. sc ae cc taes see eee 646 semitorquatus intermedius ......... 801 
discoldeus!2o2524) cb so-caees oom 646 | Two New Naiads. Descriptions of, by Paul 
Pracilis)ss.qos.sees~sseeeesecens 648 Bartsch so-.-25 serstlons tania cele saeisceeeeeatas 393 
lsvipeseesecsn-seesceeet cross 647,648" |; Dvlosuridse Xo cae ee See ree eee eas eear(<it 
VINCAMUIS: Soest ae eae cee eee 648 | ‘Tylosurus fluviatiliss-t.. 28s. --eeee eee eee 782 
MOGESUUS cs Soe cease nansawaee 646 JOFGANI Festa Joe! ose eee 781 
resularis': f= 5 ste.26 seasenaalvs tae 647 scapularis. Jc scetese cn seae eames 782 
SCADIMpPES 2 5 3552 SSscese s neonate 646,648 | Types of Ordovician and Silutian Bryozoa. 
SCLEACUS cuts cies Sekine ac eee 644 A Study of the, by Ray S. Bassler......... 1 
True, Frederick W., Description of a New Typhlomeleerathbunis 22.2 es eee eee es 70 
Genus and Species of Fossil Seal from the Typhlotriton‘spelseusis.---2e sees eee eae 70 
Miocene\of Maryland)... :. .222.<+.-shoecet 885") Wyrissa: . 5.222 Ame te ee eee 120 
Truxaliniees S42 oo. ose uw eae aoe eeerose 613, 621 Carols 5. 233 fo ceo ease oe eee 120 
Truk ais 4-45e 0 ere esas ea ee eee 621,625 | Ulrich, Edward O., and Ray S. Bassler, New 
RESPCTSA ace ow eseemeeeneseosare ee 625 American Paleozoic Ostracoda, Notes and 
breyicomis \: 5725 eeessceses-accce 625 Descriptions of Upper Carboniferous Gen- 
(Orphula) pagana .............-.- 126 era and:Speeiest o.. - si. 2. eset one ce cecenee 149 
PUMCLALA eee eeeom ses 628 Ss Uillndeh aise Sa. aete ae ecleciactee seats Nees 155 
Villdulassseces sec one mae cee eee 629:4|" Umtomia! 2.25 ke oie cee we See eee 727 
Pry phoOniNd:.< s.ssiensaces eels e wala teoca sacs 182 mntomiellass-s2 2-4 cee eee eee 727 
Try pHOWUM TS ssane see nec sa eieeee eee etter 182 | Upper Carboniferous Genera and Species, 
Turboni la acosmia yess esac snea eee oeee 339 Notes and Descriptions of, New American 
(Babella) ceelatior............ 347, 367 Paleozoic Ostracoda, by Edward O. Ulrich 
Ceelatbaceinacacasige setae cele sees 347 and Ray S: ‘Basslericut222222- 2-420 5sseeecs 149 
candida. nanacseeeceemenk sees ee $42 | Uraniidas :.2 ies toos sc cette ene ccdoet eee 399 
(Chemnitzia) abseida ........ 307, 3607) |“ Vanesia exarata, <1... tc-s cesscseeee ose 358 
acosmia........ 339,367 | Vaughan, T. Wayland, 
actopora ....... 339, 367 A New Species of 
approximata... 337,367 Cenocyathus 
crenulata ...... 340, 366 from California 
Gdunkeriee.. ... 336, 367 and the Brazilian 
garrettiana ...... 339 Astrangid Corals. 874 
infantula ...... 338, 367 | Three New Fungiz, 

* multigyrata.... 335,367 With a Descrip- 
oh a ele aa lle: Se 344 | tion of Fungia 
(Cingulina) cingulata........ 344, 367 Granulosa Klun- 

laticin- zinger and a Note 

gula. 344, 367 on a Specimen of 

Gumkeri once jenesristsan see sees 336 | Fungia Concinna 
elongates uaa seceeeacosceneeee 347 | «. Verrill-scgeecsecse 827 
(Lancea) elongata ............. 847" |“ Venus riley ees atic cwtiejecetos see eee 840 

PCaselncsceaeecsseesS 347 | Verrill, Three Fungiz, with a Description 

(Lancella). bella. s--sces<0-- 5 346, 367 of a Specimen of Fungia Granulosa Klun- 

Peaseli 525 >.6i eee 347 | zinger anda Note on a Specimen of Fun- 
monocyela: :-22u- J sceeeee eens 342 gia Concinna, by T. Wayland Vaughan... 872 
(Mormula) aulica ............ 345,367 Vertebrate Fossils, Notes on Some Recent 

philippiana ...... 345,367 |. Additions to the Exhibition Series of, by 
MULE VTAta: 2. cocsceee se ee aoe 885: || Charles WAGilmoressossccscee cone eee 607 
(Nisiturris) ecrystallina....... 341, 367 *|\? Vespertilionidtes. 2.5222. c. cesen -- am aeons $25 
ObG’ISCUR s .. sen anche sa reee 389 | Vesperugo imbricatus .................----- 825 
METICCtA Sack ooo auc ones s Sees $87. | *Vilerna, £8 2 0.2c8.90- eee eee 674 
Philippiaxins. =... c.asece asses 345 | TUSUIOSA Vee soe eee ew eee ee eenet 674 
(Pyrgisculus)’candidissima -- 3425967, | Viverral--.+.seene eee eeee sea ee ee eeeeeee 221, 222 


(Pyrgiscus) mumia........... 343, 367 | 


Viverrid te <6 o- a.m an eemoe stm eminent meine 820 


INDEX. 


Page. 

WIRTCTESCUIPINMIS! foc. css ceca cece ces es 786 
Walcott, Charles D., Cambrian Faunas of 

MOLD ees ee ne = xs /o:n\c a aiarciords «cv eede os 563 
Warren, William, Descriptions of New 
Genera and Species of South American 

Geometred Moths...... Tao eetae sack raciac 399 
Waters of Japan. A Review of the Sand 
Lances or Ammodytide of the, by Dayid 

SHOE UICC; 0 68 estas eee ee 715 
West Sumatra. The Mammals of Engano 

Island, by Gerrit 'S. Miller, jr............. 819 

Xantharpyia amplexicaudata.............. 824 

PACETLO GME terer ete facieisie aisidysclaice s’ossas vessceeecce 197 

PU DIP E Sass csidels Since anes bec 197 

BRE TNOIOWIS Ue eee als'c siattiels,s sic sicivajnis'ee'e = -5,50'se 0 533 

CUNT GANA coc esictctalsersicc cccjee oes 533 

ULNA CULE ta orei<ihe celal= cine oe'aioicintwe 533 

PMCTUQIIL EN ere ecaticjsictsecsheesceecetscs sec 413 

MEMINOTAtA.. .Jo..2.5-05.0-00055- 414 

UPS AENIDTONDUIS 434. 34cR SBR COR ERO ee eee See 241 

AMP PEMWis s. 6 <. S52 scee es 241 

MI AICe TA PIN MEAD 52... so cicc nae cece tacccne 651 

SVADTOU CATE <li ardenrscivieie cin SEBAeS 651 

Xaphicdiwum: prachypterus.. 2... 22-2. 242 

TONeIPEse ease ssseease eee tees © 242 

MMETIOUOM A] Cina. aree cies claicie oe aia ales 242 

PALGLUOL fe we am wine hee mene ess = 242 

SUUeLOId CS eee ei iclasi<= So apeiee 242 

PBUMCWDNIN 4 GoananecuodenD beer eoss 242 


Page. 

XIpHiOlashorellite. cocoa eee. ce ae eee 674 
Miphoceravserratasscus2s2 ce) aces ee 644 
OVIGIn ike oso tem Saereeac es oan te 181 
Xylesthia, pruniramielly sess se.c. cee eeee 734 
MVIINISSA Rass re ene oe ons ene ae 97 
AD Ysa clint: pesca 9 ae Na meity s wl Fee 97 


Yaku, List of Fishes Collected on Tanega 
and, Offshore Islands of Southern Japan, 
by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, with De- 
scriptions of Seven New Species, by David 
Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks.. 695 


VOrki ah sasescm gee tense elec ode Loe ee 569 
Orlentaliss==..o. tie sesoeseee ace ee 565, 569 
WANE. S502 sa/rentea tee ee ee cease 569 

Wipomementidess sesso cee ee eee 721 

Zaglyptogastraln. 2s. <cseneouce see ee ees 197 

abbobtil osc soc eee eee nee 197 

ZLOPSiZUMLe NSIS eee cee ewe oe teed eee eee 166 

ZONMIOPOCA ste ses tase dee cence ee eee eae 652 

CMareimata’ =. sccaucee saws en eee 655 
OXiIPes sor. cci- suteass aecteeeas oe 654 
fiSSiGRUGS -Hos> eee eee eee 653 
iheringi....... Oe... -4 2-0 2224.75- 653 
juncorum ...... Ae eet ae 653 
OMNICOlOM 2220 sea aan cone 655 
DICTANG.. nuigee vote ac oaeeesiemeeeee 695 
SimTliS) Se so Ses cee Soap eneece 652 
CMUSHLA ens salem ce alin ownlaeiseseee 652 
Zygolistron trachysticum .................. 666 


A Mt 
be Wires Sil AR i ol ss 


PRS 
Nie Ali 


SRAR 


’ te é 
om iy . 
ae if 


x 


"VMI 


420 9100